Compounds In Aqueous Extracts Research Articles

Antioxidant Activity and Effectiveness of Fig Extract in Counteracting Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Damage in Rats.

Figs are the edible fruits of the fig tree, Ficus carica L., that have been used for centuries for human consumption and in traditional medicine, to treat skin problems, inflammation, and gastrointestinal disorders. Our previous study investigated the presence of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of two Algerian popular fig varieties, azendjar (Az) and taamriouth (Ta), as well as their in vitro antioxidant activity. In this study, we assessed hydroethanolic extracts of these fig varieties. The total phenolic content was measured, along with the phenolic profile. Rutin was determined to be the dominant phenolic compound, followed by vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, rosmarinic acid (in Az only), and cinnamic acid. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated both in vitro (DPPH and FRAP assays) and in vivo, in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. In all assays, the fig extract-especially the dark-peeled fig variety azendjar-showed antioxidant potency. The administration of fig extract resulted in a reduction in liver damage, expressed by both different biochemical markers and histopathological study (less degraded liver architecture, reduced fibrosis, and only mild inflammation). A dose-dependent therapeutic effect was observed. The extract from the dark-peeled fig variety, Az, was characterized by a higher phenolic content and a stronger antioxidant activity than the extract from the light-peeled variety-Ta. Our study justifies the use of figs in traditional healing and shows the potential of using fig extracts in natural medicines and functional foods.

Effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on Aβ_(25-35)-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice with Alzheimer's disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on β-amyloid protein 25-35(Aβ_(25-35))-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD) mice to provide an experimental basis for the treatment of AD by aqueous extract of Corni Fructus. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into a sham group, a model group, a positive control group(huperizine A, 0.2 mg·kg~(-1)), a low-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(1.3 g·kg~(-1)), a medium-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(2.6 g·kg~(-1)), and a high-dose aqueous extract of Corni Fructus group(5.2 g·kg~(-1)). The AD model was induced by lateral ventricular injection of Aβ_(25-35) in mice except for those in the sham group, and AD model mice were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 24 days. The behavioral test was performed one week before animal dissection. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was performed to observe the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal region. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis level of primary hippocampal cells in mice. ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of β-amyloid protein 1-42(Aβ_(1-42)) and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau(p-Tau) in mouse brain tissues. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the expression of related proteins in mouse brain tissues. MTT assay was used to detect the effect of compounds in aqueous extract of Corni Fructus on Aβ_(25-35)-induced N9 cell injury. Molecular docking was employed to analyze the interactions of caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol with β-amyloid precursor protein(APP), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Aqueous extract of Corni Fructus could improve the learning and memory abilities of Aβ_(25-35)-induced mice by increasing the duration of the autonomous activity, the rate of autonomous alternation, the preference coefficient, and the discrimination coefficient, and reduce Aβ_(25-35)-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in mice by increasing the expression levels of interleukin-10(IL-10) and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) in brain tissues, decreasing the expression levels of Aβ_(1-42), p-Tau, IL-6, TNF-α, cysteine aspartate-specific protease 3(caspase-3), cysteine aspartate-specific protease 9(caspase-9), and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), and decreasing the number of activated glial cells in brain tissues. The results of cell experiments showed that esculetin and(+)-lyoniresinol could improve Aβ_(25-35)-induced N9 cell injury. Molecular docking results showed that caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol had good binding affinity with APP and weak binding affinity with IL-6 and TNF-α. Aqueous extract of Corni Fructus could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in Aβ_(25-35)-induced mice by reducing the number of apoptotic cells and activated glial cells in the brain and decreasing the expression level of inflammatory factors. Caffeic acid, trans-p-hydroxy cinnamic acid, isolariciresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, esculetin, and(+)-lyoniresinol may be the material basis for the anti-AD effect of aqueous extract of Corni Fructus.

Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Pilis, A Forehead Transdermal Herbal Medicine

Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Pilis, A Forehead Transdermal Herbal Medicine

Aqueous Extracts of Four Medicinal Plants and Their Allelopathic Effects on Germination and Seedlings: Their Morphometric Characteristics of Three Horticultural Plant Species

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon of synthesizing and excreting compounds that can affect the growth of various organisms, i.e., plant species. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible allelopathic influence of aqueous extracts, obtained from plant species chia (Salvia hispanica L.), black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), and nettle (Urtica dioica L.), on the seed germination growth and morphometric characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings in laboratory conditions. Pepper, spinach, and lettuce seedlings were treated with aqueous extracts of chia, nettle, wormwood, and black cumin of different concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10%, respectively). The aqueous extracts were prepared according to the method developed by Norsworthy and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Phytochemical composition of chia aqueous extracts showed the highest content (above the 1 mg L−1) of epicatechin, quinic acid, caffeic acid, esculetin and cinnamic acid in the comparison with others from the total of 19 detected chemical compounds. In aqueous extracts of black cumin, there were six compounds detected in content above 1 mg L−1, i.e., epicatechin, quinic acid, caffeic acid, esculetin, cinnamic acid, and kaempferol. The same compounds were the most abundant in wormwood extracts, along with gallic acid. Epicatechin and esculetin were only two compounds detected in aqueous extract of nettle in concentration higher than 1 mg L−1. According to the results of this study, only the treatment of spinach seeds with chia aqueous extract in concentration of 2.5% before germination stimulates the germination of spinach seeds, and wormwood herbs and chia extracts in concentrations of 2.5 and 5% stimulate the germination of lettuce seeds and the growth of hypocotyl and radicle length of developed seedlings. The treatment of pepper and lettuce seeds with aqueous extract of nettle in concentration of 10% completely inhibited seed germination.

Phenolic Compounds from onion husk (Allium cepa L.): Mode of Extraction

Phenolic compounds contained in plants can prevent cardiovascular and oncological diseases that pose a serious threat to human health and life. Onion Allium cepa L. is a source of natural phenolic compounds This study investigates the effect of extraction temperature and duration on the total content of phenolic compounds in aqueous extracts of onion husk Allium cepa L. The total content of phenolic compounds in extracts has been measured. The prospects of using onion husk as a source of substances of phenolic nature are analyzed in the article.

Evaluation Effect of Phenolic Compounds in Aqueous Extracts of Pomegranate and Olive Leaves as Antioxidant and Antibacterial in beef

The present study was aimed to know the effects of phenolic compounds were extracted from pomegranate and olive leaves which evaluated in beef. The results were showed effect plant extracts as antibacterial by agar diffusion method (Inhibition Zone Diameter) compared to antibiotics standard (cefamandol, cefixime and piperacillin) . On the other side, used Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis to investigate on the meat oxidative , control treatment (C) showed exhibited the greater values of TBA, and lower TBA values were observed in pomegranate and olive leaves extract treatment combinations (POE) 3% followed by pomegranate leaves extract treatment (PE) 3% and olive leaves extract treatment (OE). Bacterial contamination in beef was determined and compared with Iraqi standard microbiological limits, the aerobic total plate bacteria in (PE) treatment lowest number followed by OE and POE compared with the control treatment in which increased of content from total aerobic bacteria.

Litter autotoxicity limits natural regeneration of Metasequoia glyptostroboides

Widespread autotoxicity is an important obstacle to natural regeneration of many plants. The rare relict plant Metasequoia glyptostroboides is a difficult to natural regeneration and is affected by litter allelopathy. However, little is known about the potential influence of autotoxic substances on different regeneration stages of M. glyptostroboides. We identified multiple chemical compounds of aqueous extracts from fresh (recently accumulated) and natural litter (mixture of litter different phases of decomposition), to evaluate the autotoxic effects of the four most important detected compounds applied individually on seed germination and seedling growth of M. glyptostroboides. Results found that the 28 chemical compounds were identified in the aqueous extracts of M. glyptostroboides litter. The Jaccard similarity coefficient of chemical compounds in aqueous extracts of fresh and natural litter of M. glyptostroboides reached 50%. The number of chemical compounds in fresh litter was 5.56% more than that in natural litter. Catechol, trifluoroacetamide, benzoic acid and D-(+)-arabitol significantly affected seed germination rate, seed germination index, vigor index, shoot length and main root length of M. glyptostroboides. Specifically, benzoic acid had the strongest inhibitory effect, followed by catechol, trifluoroacetamide and D-(+)-arabitol. The autotoxic effect was concentration dependent, low concentrations were positive and neutral, high and extremely high concentrations were negative for all the chemical compounds. Moreover, catechol, trifluoroacetamide, benzoic acid and D-(+)-arabitol were autotoxic substances affecting the natural regeneration of M. glyptostroboides, as well as strongly inhibited at the shoot growth stage. This study confirms that natural regeneration of M. glyptostroboides is restricted by a large amount of litter coverage under the forest, highlighting how the chemical compounds responsible for the autotoxic characteristics of M. glyptostroboides affect the different regeneration stages of M. glyptostroboides.

Citrus limon as an Abundant Source of Phytochemicals their Evaluation and Antioxidant Analysis with Bacterial Endophytes

Citrus limon (Lemon) belongs to Family Rutaceae, is commonly known as Kagdi Limbu or Lime. The peel is a leathery exocarp, or skin of the fruit containing numerous oil glands. Lime peel tea was traditionally used as an appetite stimulant, for cold and cough, for sore throat and as a digestive stimulant. It can also be used as an astringent for skin. Lime peel essential oil is use as an aroma and flavour enhancer. The goal of this study was to determine the phytochemical analyses of endophytes isolated from several parts of the Citrus limon plant, including the leaf, steam, root, seed, and peel. The presence of various phytochemical compounds was determined through qualitative analysis. This study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the bioactive compounds and suitable solvent system for separation of those compounds from the isolates of Citrus limon. The quantitative analysis of the phytochemical compounds allows, by using standard analytical technique, the determination of chemical groups, or compounds in aqueous extracts from different plants. For the determination of the antioxidant activity of the isolate is detected by DPPH, and FRAP method. DPPH gave the idea about % scavenging activity of the isolate.

Stability of selenium compounds in aqueous extracts of dietary supplements during storage

The stability of two inorganic (selenite Se (IV) and selenate Se(VI)) as well as four organic (selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocystine (SeCys2), selenomethylocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenomethionine selenoxide (SeMetO)) selenium species were investigated in standard solutions and aqueous extracts of dietary supplements. All of the samples were without any stabilizer addition. The effect of the sample solvent pH and the storage temperature was investigated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (HILIC-MS). It was proven that sample solvent has a great impact on the selenium stability. The lowest stability of selenium compounds is observed in ammonium acetate samples. Acidification of the solution increase the selenium stability (with the exception of SeMet in yeast sample). The results of the stability of selenium compounds obtained for the standard solutions are different than those for supplement samples, which shows the enormous influence of the sample matrix on the stability of selenium compounds. Light does not affect selenium stability in standard solutions as well as in supplements extracts.

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALKALOIDS OF STEM AND ROOT EXTRACT OF LAVANGA

Introduction: Lavanga is one of the most ancient and valuable spices due to its versatile uses in treatment according to Ayurveda lavanga has tikta and katu rasa and sheeta virya. Due to katu rasa it acts as kaphashamaka and pittahara due to sheeta veerya. Lavanga contains most of various secondary metabolites with great potentials. Materials &Methods Aims & objectives: The aim to study is to evaluate organic and inorganic screening and Quantitative analysis of alkaloids of stem and root extract of lavanga. Qualitative analysis like phytochemical screening and inorganic screening were carried out and physico chemical screening with standard techniques. Quantitative analysis like quantification of alkaloids were estimated by Harborne method. Results: Qualitative organic and inorganic screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponin, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycoside in aqueous extract, alkaloids, proteins and amino acids, Quinone and glycoside are present in ethanolic extract. Inorganic elemental analysis shows presence of calcium, Iron, sodium are appreciated in the stem and root of lavanga extract. Quantification of alkaloids shown 24.2 % of alkaloids presence. Conclusion: Lavanga stem& root extract shows many compounds in aqueous extract than alcoholic extract and higher alkaloids presence in stem and root of lavanga & justifies their uses for human health benefit

Phenolic Compounds and Bioactive Properties of Ruscus aculeatus L. (Asparagaceae): The Pharmacological Potential of an Underexploited Subshrub.

Ruscus aculeatus L. is a subshrub used in traditional medicine in different parts of the world, namely in Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. According to reported folk knowledge, the aerial parts are mainly used as diuretics and the underground organs are used for the treatment of disorders of the urinary system and as a laxative. In this work, the aerial part and the roots and rhizomes of R. aculeatus were chemically characterized with regard to the content of phenolic compounds and bioactive properties. Aqueous (infusions and decoctions) preparations and hydroethanolic extracts from the two mentioned parts of the plant were prepared. Nine phenolic compounds were detected in all the extracts. Apigenin-C-hexoside-C-pentoside isomer II was the major compound in aqueous extracts and, in the hydroethanolic extract was quercetin-O-deoxyhexoside-hexoside followed by apigenin-C-hexoside-C-pentoside isomer II. All extracts revealed antioxidant activity and potential to inhibit some of the assayed bacteria; aqueous extracts of the aerial part and infusions of roots and rhizomes did not show cytotoxic effects on a non-tumor primary cell culture. This preliminary study provides suggestions of the biological potential associated with the empirical uses and knowledge of this species, in particular its bioactivities.

Isolation and purification of polar compounds from Eupatorium fortunei Turcz by high-speed counter-current chromatography

In traditional Chinese therapy, the decoction of herbal products is commonly used as a therapeutic drug, which takes water as the extraction medium and contains many hydrophilic compounds. The main compounds reported in Eupatorium fortunei Turcz were volatile oils. However, polar constituents of its decoction were less studied. In this paper, polar compounds in aqueous extract of E. fortunei Turcz were isolated by counter-current chromatography combined with a macroporous resin column. By the system of n-butanol/acetonitrile/(273 mg/mL) (NH4)2SO4 solution (3:1:4.4, v/v/v), 205.0 mg of 10% ethanol fraction was separated to yield 2.4 mg of the trans-coumaric acid-3-O-β-D-glucoside with the purity of 95.0%. By the system of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/water (1:4:5, v/v/v), 92.0 mg of ethanol fraction was separated to yield 11.3 mg of trans-o-coumaric acid with a purity of 94.2%. Through the isolation and identification of compounds of characteristic peaks, it was effective to provide a theoretical basis for qualitative identification and quantitative determination of maker compounds in the research of quality assessment for E. fortunei Turcz.

Fractionation, dosage and rating of the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of Melissa Officinalis from northeastern Morocco

So far, many efforts have been made to discover phytochemical alternatives to chemically synthesized antioxidants. The candidate groups of natural molecules have appeared to be polyphenols and flavonoids. In this study, the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in aqueous extracts of Melissa Officinalis, from North-East Morocco (TAZA), was explored by using two common approaches (Folin Ciocalteu and Aluminum Chloride). Their antioxidant capacity was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The results obtained demonstrated that the two fraction of ethyl acetate and diethyl ether were rich in polyphenols (505 ± 26 and 378 ± 16 μg/mg respectively) and had moderate quantities of flavonoids (8 ± 0.1 and 10 ± 0.2 μg equivalent of routine per mg of extract). At 2 µg/ml the antioxidant activities of two fractions appeared to be a lower (70 and 71%) than that of ascorbic acid (83%).

Phytochemical composition and pharmacological assessment of callus and parent plant of Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less. from Algerian Sahara

Purpose: To determine the phytochemical composition, acute toxicity, as well as analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of extracts of the aerial parts and callus cultures of Asteriscus graveolens.Methods: Different standard chemical tests were used for the screening of bioactive compounds in aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Asteriscus graveolens (PAE) and callus (CAE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to identify the constituents of the glycosidic extract (GE). Acute oral toxicity test was carried out to ascertain the safety of the plant material. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were determined using acetic acid-induced writhing test and carrageenan-induced edema test, respectively.Results: Phytochemical analysis showed some differences in composition between the aerial parts and callus cultures. Results from HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 12 phenolic compounds in the GE of adult plants. In addition to being orally safe (no mortality), all extracts showed significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced chemical pain: PAE and GE produced 63 and 68 % reductions in pain, respectively, relative to 60.26 % pain reduction by aspirin. All extracts exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects, with PAE producing the highest effect (73 %) at a dose of 100 mg/mL.Conclusion: Asteriscus graveolens extracts possess potent pharmacological properties due to the presence of some phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. These findings provide a scientific basis for the traditional uses of Asteriscus graveolens, and indicate that it is a potential source of antiinflammatory agents.
 Keywords: Acute toxicity, Anti-nociceptive, Anti-inflammatory, Aqueous extract, Callus, Flavonoids

Identification and Quantification of Plant Growth Regulators and Antioxidant Compounds in Aqueous Extracts of Padina durvillaei and Ulva lactuca

Aqueous seaweed extracts have diverse compounds such as Plant-Growth Regulators (PGRs) which have been utilized in agricultural practices for increasing crop productivity. Algal biomass of Padina durvillaei and Ulva lactuca have been suggested for use as biofertilizers because of plant growth-enhancing properties. This work aimed to identify the main PGRs and antioxidant properties in P. durvillaei and U. lactuca extracts, such as abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, jasmonates, and salicylates, to assess their potential use as biofertilizers that improve plant growth and crop yield. Phytochemical analyses of two seaweed extracts showed a significantly higher content of sulfates, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in P. durvillaei extract, which could be linked to its higher antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) compared to U. lactuca extract. The identification and quantification of PGRs showed two gibberellins (GA1 and GA4), abscisic acid (ABA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), three cytokinins (tZ, IP, and DHZ), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) in two seaweed extracts. However, GA4, tZ, and DHZ contents were significantly higher in P. durvillaei compared to U. lactuca extracts. These findings evidence that P. durvillaei and U. lactuca extracts are suitable candidates for use as biofertilizers.

Valorization of Flourensia cernua DC as source of antioxidants and antifungal bioactives

The indiscriminate use of chemical and/or synthetic compounds to reduce post-harvest diseases has led to the generation of resistance by microorganisms causing food damage, so in the last decade efforts have been focused to find natural alternatives, which can solve this problem. Extracts obtained from Flourensia cernua, have been reported in recent years as a source of natural bioactive compounds that have great potential to be used to control some microorganisms that affect food in post-harvest. The objective of this work was to obtain and characterize the bioactive polyphenolic compounds of Flourensia cernua leaves using as a basis an aqueous extraction to determine the main compounds present and evaluate their potential as an agent natural bioactive. An aqueous extraction of Flourensia cernua leaves, subjected to 60 °C for 2 h with constant agitation, was used. In order to concentrate the polyphenolic compounds, the extract was passed through a column of Amberlite XAD-16, where the ethanolic fraction is collected and then dried to obtain a powder rich in bioactive compounds, which were characterized. The obtained compounds showed high antioxidant power (85.82 ± 1 % of radical inhibition) and antifungal properties. Fifteen phenolic compounds of Flourensia cernua were identified from this extraction and concentration methodology, two peaks with relatively high intensity were chosen to represent the main characteristic compounds. Peaks corresponded to luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (mw: 594) and 6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinosyl apigenin (mw: 564). Regarding the inhibition of mycelial growth, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) was found at 1362 mg/L, covering all phytoatogens evaluated in this study. Results showed that compounds of aqueous extracts from Flourensia cernua represent a viable alternative to counteract the use of chemical compounds in agriculture.

Material Basis of the Difference between Hedysari Radix and Honey-Processed Hedysari Radix in Buzhong Yiqi.

Objective To compare the changes of chemical components of Hedysari Radix (HR) before and after honey-processing, and to explore the material basis of the difference between HR and honey-processed Hedysari Radix (HPHR) in Buzhong Yiqi. Methods Different compounds in aqueous extracts of HR and HPHR were analysed by UPLC-MS. A rat model of spleen qi deficiency was established. The rats were treated with different doses of water extracts of HR or HPHR, and pathological differences in spleen tissue, serum levels of D-xylose, gastrin (GAS) and amylase (AMS) interleukin-2 (IL)-2 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as spleen and thymus indices, were used as indicators. Differences in the efficacy of HR and HPHR in Buzhong Yiqi were studied. Results The research showed that compared with the blank group, the spleen tissue of rats in the model group showed spleen tissue damage, which mainly manifested as unclear boundaries between red pulp and white pulp, irregular spleen morphology and irregular arrangement, and the structure of white pulp destruction, less lymphocytes, the number of germinal centers decreased or atrophied. Compared with the model group, the middle and high dose groups of HR and HPHR had protective effects on spleen tissue of spleen-qi deficiency rats, and HPHR had a stronger effect; compared with those in the model group, rats in each treatment group showed remarkably higher serum D-xylose, GAS and AMS levels and thymus and spleen indices, and remarkably lower serum IL-2 and TNF-α levels, among which HPHR group showed better regulation effect than HR group. A total of 16 differential compounds were found in the aqueous extracts of HR and HPHR, of which 10 compounds in HPHR were up regulated, while 6 compounds were down regulated compare to HR. Conclusion The results indicated that both HR and HPHR can improve spleen qi deficiency syndrome of rats, the pharmacodynamic effect of the latter was better than the former. Differences in components of HR and HPHR potentially leading to variations in efficacy.

GC/MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Cynodon Dactylon

Cynodon dactylon or Arugampul is considered as a sanctified grass in Tamil Nadu, India and used in religious offerings. Its health and nutritional benefits are well documented but very little about its bio active compounds. Objective of the present study is to determine the bioactive compounds present in the aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon, using GC/MS as a tool. Hot aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon was analyzed for its bioactive compounds using gas chromatograph of JEOL GC MATE II and mass spectrometer of quadruple double focusing mass analyzer. Eight bioactive compounds were detected from hot aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon through GC-MS analysis. The compounds were Alanine, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (ZZ), n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, Oxiraneoctanoic acid, 3-octly-, methyl ester, trans-, Phytol, Coumarine, 3-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl), 2-Cyclohexen-3, 6-diol-1one, 2-tetradecanoyl-.

التأثيرات الأليلوباثية للذرة الصفراء والبيضاء على بعض الصفات الفسيولوجية للحنطة والباقلاء باستخدام تقنية الزراعة المائية

نفذت تجربتين لدراسة التأثير الأليلوباثي لتراكيز المستخلصات المائيــــــــة للذرة الصفراء L . mays Zea والذرة البيضاء L. bicolor Sorghum على بعض الصفات الفسيولوجية لنباتي الحنطة . Triticum aestivum L والباقلاء L. Vicia faba في وسطين للزراعة، كما تم عزل وتشخيص المركبات الأليلوباثية الفعالة المتوفرة في مستخلصات الذرة الصفراء والبيضاء. طبقت التجربتين باستخدام ترتيب الألواح المنشقة وفق تصميم القوالب الكاملة المعشاة بثلاث مكررات، تضمنت التجربتين عاملين، مثل العامل الرئيسي وسطي الزراعة وهي (الزراعة المائية والزراعة بتربة عادية) وتضمن العامل الثانوي خمسة تراكيز من المستخلصات المائية للنباتات بأكملها لكل من الذرة الصفراء في التجربة الأولى والذرة البيضاء في التجربة الثانية وهي أربعة مستخلصات مائية (25 و50 و75 و100%) + معاملة المقارنة (ماء مقطر). وقد تم التوصل الى النتائج التالية : انخفضت اغلب الصفات التي تم تقديرها في نباتات الحنطة والباقلاء عند نموها في الوسط المائي عند ريها بالمستخلصات المائية لنباتات الذرة الصفراء والبيضاء . أدى زيادة تراكيز المستخلصات المائية للذرة الصفراء الى 100% الى انخفاض محتوى نباتات الحنطة من السكريات الذائبة وكلوروفيل a وb والبروتين بنسبة 0.29 و0.39 و0.39 و0.28 %، والى انخفاضها بنسبة 0.28 و0.46 و0.53 و0.26 % في نباتات الباقلاء، أما تراكيز المستخلصات المائية للذرة البيضاء فقد ادت زيادة تراكيز مستخلصها المائي الى 100% الى انخفاض محتوى نباتات الحنطة من السكريات الذائبة وكلوروفيل a وb والبروتين بنسبة 0.34 و0.56 و0.64 و0.39 %، والى انخفاضها بنسبة 0.41 و0.47 و0.44 و0.20 % في نباتات الباقلاء قياساً بمعاملة المقارنة على الترتيب. بينت نتائج التحليل بجهاز الكروموتوكرافي السائل عالي الأداء High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) وجود ثمانية مركبات كيميائية في المستخلص المائي للذرة الصفراء وهي: Syringic acid و Vanillic acid و Gallic acid و acid Caffeic و acid Ferulic و P- Coumaric و acid Catechol و.P- Hydroxyl benzoic acid أما المستخلص المائي للذرة البيضاء فقد احتوى على عشرة مركبات كيميائية phenolic nature ومعظمها من الفينولات وهي Syringic acidو Vanillic acid و Gallic acidو acid Caffeicو acid Ferulicو P- Coumaricو acid Catechol و P- Hydroxyl benzoic acid و Quinon وBenzaquinon .

Assessment of camel thorn (Alhagi maurorum) as new sources of bioactive compounds using GC-MS technique

Alhagi maurorum (A. maurorum) is one of the medicinally important plants belonging to the family leguminasae, commonly known as camel thorn. This research was amid to identify the chemical compounds in the aerial part of A. maurorum using GC-mass analysis. Three solvents with different polarities were used for the extraction of chemical constituents (water, methanol and petroleum ether). The results of GC-MS analysis led to identification of various compounds. In total, thirty-nine compounds from petroleum ether extract, thirty-two compounds in methanolic extract and seventeen compounds in aqueous extract were identified. Majority of the identified compounds have been reported to possess many biological activities. Among them, we reported 10 new anticancer compounds (Vitamin E; Hexadecanoic acid; Stigmast-5-en-3-ol; Phytol,2-hexadecen-1-ol,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl; Squalene; Hexadecanoic acid; 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester; Oxime,methoxy-phenyl,methyl N-hydroxyben-zenecarboximidoate; Ergost-5-en-3-ol; 9,12- Octadecad-ienoic acid and Farnesol) from A. maurorum using three solvent, while the best effective solvent was petroluem ether. Therefore, we report that A. maurorum has great potential to be developed into anticancer drugs.