NPK Compound Research Articles

Release test of N, P, and K of complete slow release fertilizer (PUKAP JESTRO-1) and its effect on the growth of young siam citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.)

The research aimed to study the release of N, P, K elements from slow release complete fertilizer (PUKAP JESTRO-1) and its effect on the growth of Siam citrus in a high density planting system (HDP). The release test of PUKAP JESTRO-1 was carried out in a laboratory, where the remaining N, P, K content in fertilizer was measured periodically. The influence test of PUKAP JESTRO-1, which compared with conventional fertilizer in the form of a single fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer, was carried out on a 1-month old Siam citrus planted on Grumusol (vertisol). The study used randomized block design with 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely 400 g/plant/year mixed fertilizer (200 g Urea + 150 g SP36 + 50 g KCl); 200 g/plant/year PUKAP JESTRO-1; 300 g/plant/year PUKAP JESTRO-1; 400 g/plant/year PUKAP JESTRO-1; 400 g/plant/year NPK YaraMila (16-16-16). The experimental results showed that PUKAP JESTRO-1 released N, P, and K until the fourth, tenth, and eighth week respectively. Application of PUKAP JESTRO-1 at 25% lower dosages produced better plant height compared to mixed fertilizer applications but did not significantly increase leaf N, P, and K levels due to the effect of dilution of elements in plant tissue.

Increased growth and production of irrigated rice by providing cow organic manure and NPK compound fertilizers with planting systems Jajar Legowo 4:1 in the Village of Tanjung Keriahan, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera

Until now the average national rice production that can be achieved is around 4-5 tons/ha. To increase production that can be achieved above the national average, new efforts in agronomic technology are needed to overcome it. One of the efforts that can be done is to examine the utilization of organic cow manure and NPK fertilization with the Jajar Legowo 4: 1. The purpose of the study is to obtain the optimum dose of cow manure and NPK compound fertilizer with high rice production achievements. The study was conducted in the Irrigated Rice Region of Tanjung Keriahan Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The study used Randomized Block Design with fertilizer treatment for organic materials in cow 4 levels of dosage: 0, 5, 10, 15 tons / ha and NPK compound fertilizer application with 5 treatment doses: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg / ha. The results showed that the growth and development of rice plants Mekongga variety that were studied were best shown in the giving of 15 tons/ha of cow manure and NPK fertilizer application of 400 kg/ha.

The Effect of NPK Fertilizer on N Total, N-Uptake, and Shallot Yield (<i>Allium ascalonicum</i> L.) on Inceptisols Jatinangor

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a horticulture commodity that has a lot of benefits also prospective regarding its increasing demand. Each year, shallot productivity in Indonesia is unstable due to nutrient degradation on agricultural land, therefore efforts are needed to increase the productivity of shallot. One of the solution is by using NPK fertilization. This experiment aims to determine the effect of NPK compound fertilizer on N total, N-uptake, and shallot bulb yield. This research conducted at the Soil Chemical and Plant Nutrition Experiments Field, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, from February to June 2019. The experimental design using Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisted of one control treatment as a comparison, one N, P, K single fertilizer treatment (250 kg ha-1 Urea, 125 kg ha-1 ZA, 200 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 250 kg ha-1 KCl), and eight NPK compound fertilizer treatments of various doses with three replications. The results showed that the NPK compound treatment affected the total N, N uptake, and shallot bulbs yield. Treatment of 75% NPK compound (675 kg ha-1 ) obtained the highest results of fresh bulbs weight at 41.64 g clump-1 and dry bulbs weight at 25.27 g clump-1 .

Acceleration and improvement of productivity by inorganic and organic fertilizer application for six-year-old mature palm oil

The objectives of this research are to study the effect of single fertilizer package, compound NPK fertilizer package, organic fertilizer package, and micro fertilizer package on growth (morphology and physiology), and productivity for six-year-old oil palm. The research was conducted from April 2018 to March 2019 at IPB-Cargill Oil Palm Teaching Farm, Jonggol, Bogor, West Java. The research was designed in Randomized Complete Group with three repetitions. There are eleven treatments: control (P0), 3 kg urea + 2 kg SP-36 + 3 kg KCl + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P1), 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P2), 9 kg urea + 6 kg SP-36 + 9 kg KCl + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P3), 4 kg + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4. 5H2O (P4), 8 kg NPK + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P5), 12 kg NPK + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P6), 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl (P7), 8 kg NPK (P8), 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl + 100 kg organic fertilizer (P9), dan 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl + 200 kg organic fertilizer (P10) per plant per year. Data were analyzed with analysis variance, if there was a significant treatment effect, the further analysis using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer package significantly increased stem girth but did not significantly affect other morphologal variables. The treatments of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer package significantly increased effect of variable productivity (production number of bunches, number and weight of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and productivity). The increased productivity with organic fertilizer package 6,0 kg urea + 4,0 kg SP-36 + 6,0 kg KCl + 100 kg organic fertilizer per plan per year (P9) is the higher effect (265.59%) compared to control.

The aplication of NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-6) on soil chemical properties and corn plant

Fertilization is a process to meet the amount of nutrient needs for plant to increase the production of plant yield. This means that the use of fertilizers and other inputs is important to have a high effectiveness in agricultural system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inorganic fertilizer (NPK compound 15-15-6) on soil chemical properties and corn plant. The method used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 10 treatment combinations (8 treatments of inorganic fertilizer doses (1/4, ½, ¾, 1, 11/4, 11/2, 13/4, and 2), 1 treatment dosage of NPK fertilizer recommendations and 1 control (without fertilizer). The results obtained were Application of inorganic fertilizer (15-15-6) give significant effects on N uptake, total N soil and yield of corn plant. All the treatments of inorganic fertilizer (15-15-6) can increase the parameter N uptake (9%-29.10%), N soil (4%-22%), weight of cover peel of cob (38%-90.82%), weight of cob (44%-85.33%), length of cob (10%-22%), and diameter of cob (17.08%-34.82%) compared with control. The application of inorganic fertilizers (15-15-6) at doses ¾, 1, 1 ¼ and 1¾ can significantly improve the yield of corn with the highest yield at NPK 1½ dose (15,850 kg/ha).

Effects of NPK and mycorrhizae on the growth, P uptake of soybean, and soil chemist in peatland, Pelalawan, Riau

Peatlands have great potential if they are used as agricultural lands. However, more attention is necessary for the management of water, soil pH, and the provision of nutrients. This research was conducted to determine the growth and P uptake of soybean plants on peatland as affected by fertilizer treatment and mycorrhizae application in soybean plants. The study was conducted in the peatland of Pelalawan Village, Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau using soybean plants cultivar Anjasmoro. The research was arranged in a complete randomized complete block design consisting of two factors. The first factor was fertilizer treated, comprising N1 (no fertilizer), N2 (150 kg ha−1 compound NPK fertilizer), and N3 (300 kg ha−1 compound NPK fertilizer). Meanwhile, the second factor was application of mycorrhizae comprising M1 (without mycorrhizae) and M2 (with mycorrhizae). Each treatment combination consisted of three replications. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance at a 5% confidence level and tested using DMRT test. The results showed that combination of mycorrhizae and NPK 300 kg ha−1 gave the best effect from other treatement on the growth, P uptake of soybean and the soil chemist.

Preservation of organic carbon promoted by iron redox transformation in a rice-wheat cropping system

Mineral protection regulates long-term global preservation of soil organic carbon (SOC), but little research has been conducted on the iron (Fe) oxide availability for carbon binding regulated by seasonal variation of wetting and drying and fertilization in paddy soils. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of five-year rice-wheat rotation and organic fertilization on the production of short-range-ordered (SRO) Fe oxides and SOC sequestration. Five fertilization treatments were examined: (1) no fertilizer control (CK), (2) chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), (3) 50% NPK plus manure (NPKM), (4) 100% NPK plus straw (NPKS), and (5) 30% NPK plus manure organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (NPKMOI). Soil samples were collected from 2013 to 2015 after each wheat and rice harvest. A split-plot analysis of variation was used to investigate the respective role of fertilizer treatments (main-plot) and crop seasons (sub-plot) in the transformation of SRO-Fe oxides. Variation partitioning analysis was used to quantify the contribution of SRO-Fe oxides to the accumulation of SOC. Five-year rice-wheat rotation without any fertilization (CK) increased the oxalate extractable Fe oxides (Feo) by 55.06% compared with the initial soil. The Feo concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the NPKM, NPKS and NPKMOI treatments than in the NPK and CK treatments, and was higher after the rice harvest than after the wheat harvest. Furthermore, the Feo concentration was positively (P < 0.001) correlated with the SOC content and negatively correlated with the specific carbon mineralization rate (SCMR, rate per unit SOC). Moreover, the Feo could explain 52.57% and 40.5% of the variation in the SOC content and the SCMR, respectively. In addition, the partial humification coefficient (PHC, the percentage of SOC change per unit of exogenous carbon input) of the crop straw was 12.92% but amounted to 41.45% to 46.35% for different types of compost. These results indicate that the reductive dissolution and subsequent oxidative precipitation of Fe oxides induced by seasonal alternation of wetting and drying can be further promoted via organic fertilization possibly by forming organo-Fe complexes, which contribute to the accumulation of SRO-Fe oxides and the preservation of organic carbon in paddy soils.

Upland Rice Growth after Low-Input Amendments on Upland Soil in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Upland soils in West Kalimantan used for agricultural activities reach about 483,077 hectares. However, this land potential is not yet optimally exploited due to poor soil fertility. To increase its productivity, there is a need to invent technology packages that are not only effective but also efficient. This research is designed to study the growth of upland rice and the changes in certain soil properties after low-input treatment applications. This research used a Completely Randomized Design. There were 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment levels were P0 (no treatment), P1 (7tons of cow manure/ha + 300 kg NPK compound), P2 (15tons of cow manure/ha + 300 kg NPK compound), P3 (7tons of compost/ha + 300 kg NPK compound), P4 (15tons of compost/ha + 300 kg NPK compound), and P5 (600 kg/ha NPK compound). Parameters included plant height and dry weight, NPK absorptions, soil pH, organic C content, and NPK contents after soil treatment. The results showed that upland rice responded well to low-input amendment treatments compared to that of grow-in soil with no input treatments. Both the treatments using 15 tons of cow manure and 15 tons of rice straw compost per hectare, each plus 300 kg of NPK, were suggested to be further research topics for treatments in upland soil of West Kalimantan.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Majemuk (NPK) Terhadap Produksi Kedelai

In soybean cultivation the use of fertilizers is needed in both single and compound forms. Given that fertilizer prices are quite expensive; their use must be efficient. Problems faced where farmers are still often not cultivating soybean plants. Though soybean plants require high N, P, and K nutrients. The research was carried out in the experimental gardens of the Agricultural Training Center for the Food and Horticulture Crops of Papua Province in May to August 2016. The data analysis was done using tabulation and processed using the program Excel. Planting Anjasmoro variety of soybeans was done using NPK compaction 15-15-15 + TE compound DGW production from PT. Hextar Fertilizer Indonesia with a dose of 140.06 kg / ha can produce an average plant height of 86.85 cm and yields with a production of 3.83 tons / ha and a weight of 100 seeds is 17 gr / 100 seeds. This fact shows that the use of NPK compound fertilizer can be recommended as a supplementary fertilizer to increase soybean growth and proudness. However, NPK compound fertilizer can also be used as a basic fertilizer if the availability of a single fertilizer N, P, and K is not available or more expensive with regard to the adequacy or dosage of its use.

Optimasi Pupuk NPK Majemuk, Pupuk Daun Dan POC Urin Sapi Pada Hidroponik Sistem Wick Terhadap Produksi Tanaman Kubis Bunga (Brasicca oleracea L. Var. Botrytis Sub.Var. Cauliflora DC) Kultivar PM 126 F1

There are several factors that cause a decrease in the production of Cabbage Flowers in Indonesia, including inadequate cultivation systems, less optimal nutrition, and a lack of utilization of organic elements in cultivation techniques, as well as the use of urban narrow land. The purpose of this study was to study and obtain a combination of compound NPK fertilizer, leaf fertilizer and POC cow urine which gave the highest production of PM 126 F1 variety flower cabbage plants on the wick hydroponic system. This research was conducted at Screen House, located in West Jomin Village, Kota Baru Subdistrict, Karawang Regency, West Java Province. The research site is at an altitude of 10 meters above sea level, from April to September 2018. The method used is the experimental method and the experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 10 treatments repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed using variance analysis and further testing with Duncans multiple range test at the level of 5%. The results of this study are compound NPK fertilizer optimization, leaf fertilizer and POC cow urine on the wick hydroponic system that have a significant effect on growth components (plant height 42 days, number of leaves 42 days, stem diameter 42 days, root display, and leaf area), and gave a significantly different effect on the yield component (flower height, flower diameter, leaf weight without leaves, and flower weight with leaves) flower cabbage plant cultivar PM126F1. Treatment A (AB Mix 10 ml L-1 water) gave the highest yield on flower weight (crop) with leaves per plant of 536.056 gr equivalent to 22.34 tons per hectare and weight of flowers (crop) without leaves per plant of 207.57 gr equivalent to 8.65 tons per hectare.

Effect of NPK and KNO3 fertilizer on yield and quality of Madura tobacco Prancak N1

Madura tobacco Prancak N1 is a new superior variety with higher quality but lower nicotine content than Prancak 95 tobacco variety. The rate and form of fertilizer for the new variety has not yet been defined so that farmers have to use adding nitrogen fertilizer their tobacco with no phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The objective of the research was to determine effect of NPK and KNO3 fertilizers on yield and quality of Madura tobacco var. Prancak N1. The research was carried out at Cen-lecen village, Pakong Sub District of Pamekasan District, Madura. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replication of each plot. Treatments consisted of 9 packs of fertilization with NPK compound fertilizer (8-15-19), and KNO3 (13-0-45) and those were compared with 1 packed of recommended using single fertilizer of 40 kg N-ZA + 36 kg P2O5-SP36 + 25 kg K2O-ZK + 5 ton organic manure per hectare. Results showed that addition of compound fertilizers NPK plus KNO3 increased absorption of macro nutrients NPK, yield and quality of madura tobacco Prancak N1 variety. Package fertilizers NPK plus KNO3 with the rate of 40 kg N + 36 kg P2O5 + 61 K2O per hectare was suggested for madura tobacco Prancak N1 variety to produce high yield (846 kg/ha), grade index value (87.4), and crop index value (73.9).

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilisers on the growth and yield of amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus)

Amaranth is a traditional leafy vegetable of the genus Amaranthus spp., which has been consumed throughout history. Amaranth has great potential as a sustainable crop that could improve household food security, nutrition security and farm incomes. The growth environment of amaranth, can have a major impact not only on the productivity of the crop but its nutritional value as well. Production of amaranth in developing countries like Swaziland is very low, if any at all. This could be attributed to, among some reasons, lack of agronomic information on production of amaranth. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different types of fertilisers on the growth and yield of Amaranthus hybridus. The trial was done at Malkerns Research Station, in Swaziland. The treatments were 20 t ha(-1) kraal manure, 40 t ha(-1) kraal manure, 100 kg ha(-1) 2.3.4 (39) + 5% Zn (compound NPK), 150 kg ha(-1) 2.3.4 (39) + 5% Zn and the control (no fertiliser). The experimental design was a randomised complete block design. Data were collected at 4, 5 and 6 weeks after planting. The data were subjected to analysis of variance through SPSS 20. Mean separation test was performed by the Duncan's new multiple range test at P=0.05 significant level. Addition of any type of fertiliser had significant (P 0.05) different from each other in all the growth and yield parameters at the different harvest stages. It was concluded that addition of fertiliser, either organic or inorganic, promotes the growth rate and yield of Amaranthus hybridus.

Effects of Different Types of Organic Fertilizers on Growth Performance of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru Local Variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452)

Aims: To evaluate the effect of different types of organic fertilizers on growth performance of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452).&#x0D; Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used for the experiment.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out in the nursery of a homestead garden at No 20, Isaiah Balat Street, Sabo GRA, Kaduna State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: The study consists of seven treatments which includes control (no fertilizer), 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 poultry manure, 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 sewage sludge, 35 kg ha-1 and 70 kg ha-1 NPK compound fertilizer and also with Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452) in factorial arrangement fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Growth performance data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and leaf area index from 2 weeks after transplanting (WAT) to 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT).&#x0D; Results: The plant height and number of leaves of the two varieties were found in the range of 18.30 - 135.67cm and 13.33 - 78.33cm respectively. Leaf area and leaf area index of the two varieties had values in the range of 41.71 - 258.29cm2 and 1.76 - 41.72 respectively. At 6 WAT, 10 t ha-1 poultry manure recorded the highest value for all the growth parameters for both varieties except for leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety), where 10 t ha-1 sewage sludge and 70 kg ha-1 NPK compound fertilizer were highest.&#x0D; Conclusion: The experimental results of this study have shown that poultry manure had higher growth performance on the two varieties of Amaranth when compared with sewage sludge and NPK compound fertilizer. The application of poultry manures at 10 t ha-1 is therefore recommended for farmers to use to obtain higher yields of Amaranth.

Effects of Different Types of Organic Fertilizers on the Nutrients and Anti Nutrients Composition of Amaranthus caudatus and Amaranthus cruentus

Aims: To evaluate the effect of different types of organic fertilizers on the nutrients and anti nutrients composition of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452).&#x0D; Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used for the experiment.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in the nursery of a homestead garden at No 20, Isaiah Balat Street, Sabo GRA, Kaduna State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: The study consists of seven treatments which includes control (no fertilizer), 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 poultry manure, 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 sewage sludge, 35 kg ha-1 and 70 kg ha-1 NPK compound fertilizer and also with two varieties; Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452) with factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. At maturity, the leaves were harvested and prepared for laboratory analysis for both nutrients and anti-nutrient composition. Proximate composition was determined according to A.O.A.C protocol. Water soluble vitamins were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while the metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).&#x0D; Results: The ash, moisture, fat, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and energy of the two varieties were found in the range of 2.58 - 3.06%, 78.78 - 80.69%, 1.04 - 1.49%, 7.49 - 9.67%, 2.41 - 3.29%, 3.02 - 6.46% and 54.72 - 61.52 Kcal/100 g respectively. The micronutrients including β-carotene, vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin, iron and zinc were found in the range of 4.79 - 6.68, 14.37 - 40.36, 5.97 - 22.15, 8.37 - 27.99, 10.03 - 13.40 and 5.11 – 941 mg/100 g respectively. The anti-nutrients; tannins, phytate, saponins and oxalate were in the range of 0.33 - 0.69, 0.40 - 0.94, 1.29 - 2.30 and 0.53 - 1.01% respectively&#x0D; Conclusion: Poultry manure provided higher nutrients on the two varieties of Amaranth when compared with sewage sludge and NPK compound fertilizer. While sewage sludge resulted in the plants having higher anti-nutrients. The application of poultry manures at 10 tons/ha is therefore recommended for farmers to use to obtain more nutritious amaranth.

Tree vigor, yield, fruit quality, and antioxidant capacity of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) influenced by different fertilization regimes: preliminary results

Tree growth, productivity, fruit quality attributes, and antioxidant activity were tested in apple cultivar Idared under different fertilization treatments from the 22nd to the 23rd year after planting in a heavy acidic soil under western Serbian conditions. Treatments included the use of aged cattle manure, compound NPK (15:15:15) mineral fertilizer, a multinutrient fertilizer commercially named Italpolina (ITP) (NPK + organic carbon + humic acids), two types of N mineral fertilizers (calcium ammonium nitrate [CAN] and urea), and control (no fertilization). Results showed that Idared trees were more vigorous when fertilized with the two N fertilizers than when treated with another mineral, organic, or multinutrient fertilizer. Urea promoted the highest yield per tree and unit area, while yield efficiency was the highest in the control and those under treatment with urea, compound NPK, and manure. Fertilizer regimes had a significant effect on fruit weight and flesh firmness, but their effects on fruit size and dimension ratio were not significant. Compound NPK resulted in the greatest fruit weight, whereas firmness and soluble solids content were the highest in manure treatment. Titratable acidity (TA) was the highest in control trees and after CAN application, while urea induced the highest ripening index. Fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on the contents of invert sugars, sucrose, and total sugars (TS). The TS/TA ratio was highest under urea treatment and lowest in the control and under CAN application. ITP led to the highest values for total phenolics, total nonflavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity, while the highest total flavonoid content was obtained with compound NPK.

Perbandingan Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Pupuk Mengandung Fosfat Terhadap Kehilangan Hara Melalui Pelindian Pada Tanah Gambut

Subiksa et al, 2018. Comparison Effect of Several Phosphate Contain Fertilizers to Nutrient Loss Trough Leaching on Peat Soil. JLSO 7(1): Peat soil have specific nutrient adsorption characteristics which are affected by soil pH dependent charge. Therefore, nutrient management on such soil should be done using different approach compared to mineral soil. Research on the comparison effects of several types of phosphate containing fertilizers to nutrient loss through leaching on peat soil has been carried out in greenhouse using a coulom experiment. The objective of study was to evaluate the rate of primary macro nutrient loss and look for fertilization technology which can reduced leaching rate. The study used a randomized block design of 14 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments were complete control treatment, partial control and 4 types of P contain fertilizer, namely SP-36, NPK compound, Chrismast Island Phosphate Rock (CIRP), and Pugam each of them with 3 levels dose. The peat soil used was ombrogenous peat with hemic maturity level taken from OKI Regency, South Sumatra. Watering was done every 2 days with 350 ml ion-free water/pot. The results showed that N and K nutrients leaching, mostly was due to application rate of those nutrient, whereas type of fertilizer was not revealed significantly different. Meanwhile, P concentration in leachate water was significantly different among treatments. Leaching of P in the control treatment was very low because of P content of peat soil was low. The highest loss of P trough leaching rate was shown by the NPK treatment because NPK compound is belong to fast nutrient release fertilizer. CIRP and Pugam treatments showed low P loss trough leaching rates due to the slow release of P on CIRP and Pugam. The low leaching rates of CIRP and Pugam are also because of high content of Al and Fe as polyvalent cation that can promote new soil positive charges as site adsorption of P. It can be concluded that fertilization with a slow release type of phosphate fertilizer and contain sesquioxide as source of polyvalent cations such as CIRP and Pugam can reduced the rate of phosphate loss trough leaching.

Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) Varieties to Sole and Combined Organic and Inorganic Fertilization in the Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone of Kebbi state

Field experiments were conducted in two locations at the University Teaching and Research Farms during 2016/2017 dry season. The two locations were: Fadama Teaching and Research farm at Jega (lat. 12°12.99’ N; long. 4° 21.90’; 197m above sea level) and the University orchard at Aliero (lat. 12°18.64’N; long. 4°29.85’; 262 above sea level). Both Jega and Aliero are located within Sudan Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. The aim was to determine the response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench) Varieties to sole and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of three Okra varieties (LD 88, NHAE47-4 and Dogo variety) and six (6) fertilizers levels, each designed to supply the recommended dosage of 120 kg N ha-1 using a compound fertilizer NPK [15:15:15], poultry manure and cow dung. Results revealed that growth and yield parameters such as plant height (8WAP), number of branches (8WAP), number of pods per plant, pod mean weight (g), pod mean length (cm) and fresh pod yield (ha-1) were significantly increased when the recommended nitrogen dose of 120kgNha-1 was applied using 100% NPK (800kg NPK [15:15:15/ha]) or a combination of NPK and PM at 50:50 ratio in conjunction with NHAE47-4. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that the integration of organic and inorganic fertilizer in form of NPK compound fertilizer and poultry manure combination at 50:50 ratio in conjunction with NHAE47-4 could be adopted for higher Okra pod yield, considering the complimentary role of poultry manure in improving the physical quality of the soil.

Nutrient Budget and Economic Assessment of Blended Fertilizer Use in Kenya Tea Industry

Kenya’s tea industry depends predominantly on imported compound NPK fertilizers to replenish nutrients removed through plucking. These fertilizers cannot be easily manipulated for specific soils and tea clones. They also frequently become hazardous within tea-growing environments. In this respect, two fertilizer blends containing NPKS 25 : 5 : 5 : 4 + 9Ca + 2.62Mg and NPKS 23 : 5 : 5 : 4 + 10Ca + 3Mg with trace elements have been produced commercially in the country. However, the extent to which the blended fertilizers may contribute to optimal economic gains without degrading the environment has not been determined. This was the knowledge gap that this study seeks to address. The goal of this study was to evaluate the economic efficacy of fertilizer blends with the aim of identifying optimal levels of application which would maximize tea productivity with minimal negative impacts on the environment. The study hypothesized that blended fertilizers maximize productivity of tea clones with minimal environmental damage. The fertilizer blends were evaluated in two study sites, i.e., Timbilil Estate in Kericho and Kagochi farm in Nyeri. The sites were selected purposefully, one in the eastern and the other in the western tea-growing areas. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design with two fertilizer blends and the standard NPK 26 : 5 : 5 as control. The treatments were applied at four fertilizer rates (0 (control), 75, 150, and 225 kg·N·ha−1·yr−1), replicated thrice. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for nutrient uptake as well as associated yields and economic trends. The economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) was achieved at 75 kg·N·ha−1·yr−1 at Kagochi with all fertilizers, while at Timbilil, EONR was variable, between 75 and 225 kg·N·ha−1·yr−1 with fertilizer types. This study has shown that, based on the economic point of view, Blend “A” was the most efficient and consistent fertilizer in production and economic returns across the two sites.

Carnallite-Derived Solid Waste as Potassium (K) and Magnesium (Mg) Source in Granulated Compound NPK Fertilizers

Principles of green engineering require that material inputs are renewable. To this regard, a partial or a full substitution of one of the feedstocks with the waste from other industries can minimize the environmental impacts. Potash rock is a source of a key potassium (K), but its environmental impacts, including land use and greenhouse gas emissions during the mining and beneficiations, are of concern. Carnallite rock is used to electrochemically produce elemental magnesium (Mg) and yields solid sludge waste with K2O content of ∼43% and Mg content of 2.0%.This carnallite-derived waste is characterized physically and chemically and utilized to manufacture compound NPK fertilizers. The mesoporous waste material structure was found which facilitated the wet granulation process in spite of low 6 m2/g measured surface area. Trace metal concentrations measured were low and did not pose significant limitations from the regulatory point of view. Several high-K2O-content fertilizer formulations were proposed and...

PENETAPAN KONSENTRASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR UNITAS SUPER YANG TEPAT PADA TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT LOKAL (Capsicum frutescens L.)

The objective of the study was to obtain the proper concentration of POC Unitas Super on the optimal growth and yield of local cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The experiment was conducted at Kanagarian Toboh Gadang, Padang Pariaman, from July to October 2017. The location is at 20 m asl, and is 10 km from the district capital, in the dry land of latosol soil type. The tools used are the hoe, stand, rope, bucket, analytical scale, meter, rake, and stationery. Materials needed include; local cayenne pepper seedlings result from propagation of local cayenne pepper seeds, POC Unitas Super (US) obtained from Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Tamansiswa Padang. NPK Compound Fertilizers (15-15-15) are given 50% recommendation, and manure as much as 5 ton ha-1. The experiment was conducted using Completely Randomized Design, with 5 treatment of POC concentration ie; P0 (0 ml L-1); P1 (25 ml L-1); P2 (50 ml L-1) and P3 (75 ml L-1), replicate 4 times, so there were 20 experimental units. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by using F (ANOVA) test of 5% real level if the treatment had the significant effect on BNT further test (smallest real difference) at 5% level. The parameters observed were; plant height, number of branches, the diameter of plant canopy, the age of flowering, the yield of cayenne pepper. The giving of 50 ml of L-1 POC Unitas Super every 2 weeks is the optimum concentration to increase the growth and yield of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). The production of cayenne pepper produced reached 5.55 kg plot-1 or equal to 55.50 tons ha-1.