Compound Feed Research Articles

Вплив згодовування пробіотика «Субалін» на показники продуктивності гібрида осетрових (Acipenseridae) бестера першого року вирощування з використанням теплої скидної води енергетичної установки

Purpose. To assess the effect of supplementing the feeds with the probiotic “Subalin” on the productive parameters of bester on the first year of cultivation using waste water from an energy installation (power plant) under conditions of elevated water temperature. Methodology. The study was conducted in 2023 in the conditions of an industrial-type farm “Biosila” created on the basis of warm waste water of a thermal power plant. Growing of age-0+ bester was carried out for 65 days in plastic tanks. They were fed with compound feeds manufactured by a well-known European manufacturer with a crude protein content of 54% and crude fat content of 15%. In addition to the main diet of the fish, a probiotic based on Bacillus subtilis “Subalin” was introduced at the rate (% of the weight of the feed): 0.02 (variant 1); 0.03 (variant 2); 0.04 (variant 3); 0.05 (variant 4). In the control variant of the experiments, the fish received the same compound feed without the probiotic. The stocking density of fish with an initial average weight of 22.8 g in all variants of experiments and control was 100 individuals in each tank (about 56 ind./m2). Determination of productive parameters and study of physico-chemical factors of the environment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Findings. During the cultivation period of bester, water temperature fluctuated between 23.8–32.5°C. For 39 days, water temperature exceeded 30°C, which is uncharacteristic for sturgeon aquaculture. The content of dissolved oxygen varied from 4.0 to 5.7 mg O2/dm3. Other hydrochemical parameters met the requirements for growing sturgeons. As a result of intensive breeding, bester juveniles in various experimental variants reached an average weight of 166.8 to 195.4 g. In the control, it was 145.4 g, which was 12.8–25.6% less than in the experimental groups of fish. In all variants of the experiments and control, fish survival rate was 100%. The fish productivity of tanks was in the range of 6838.9–9588.9 g/m2. The highest productive parameters of bester were obtained in the variant where their main feed was supplemented with “Subalin” at the amount of 0.04% of the weight of the compound feed. Originality. The results of the use of probiotic “Subalin” as a supplement of the main feed of bester juveniles in the conditions of an industrial-type farm with the use of heated waste water from a power plant were studied. Practical value. The results are of interest for the development of sturgeon aquaculture technologies in the conditions of industrial-type farms, primarily with the use of secondary energy resources in thermal power generation. Keywords: sturgeon, bester of the first year of cultivation, industrial fish farming, feed, probiotic “Subalin”, productivity parameters.

EVALUATION OF GRAIN SHELLING EFFICIENCY BY ROTOR-TYPE MACHINES

Grain processing for the purpose of manufacturing products and compound feed is one of the main directions of the country's economic development. The grain prepared for the production of products and compound feed must meet the requirements that make it necessary to obtain quality compound feed, groats, flour and other products. Grain processing is the most important component of the country's agricultural sector, as it provides the consumer market with the necessary raw material.The grain processing industry in the country reaches a significant volume and has prospects for development and increased productivity. The processing of wheat, which contains about 80% of endosperm, appears to be the most important and significant. The efficiency of technological processes of grain preparation in the production of compound feed, groats, flour and other products depends on energy consumption. One of the most important operations of grain preparation for processing is the process of its dehusking. The choice of a rational method for the most effective dehusking process, i.e. the separation of the grain sheaths from the core can be carried out based on taking into account the mechanical properties of the grain and the features of the adopted technological operations. Taking into account the characteristics of the destruction of strength, stresses and friction and properties of viscosity, microhardness and stress relaxation of anisotropic structural grain systems during the organization of the process with the establishment of minimum energy consumption for the implementation of the peeling process is of great practical importance. The optimal mode of control of the peeling process is connected with the choice of kinematics and dynamics of the working body of the machine.

Seasonal variation of mycotoxin levels in poultry feeds and feed ingredients in Oyo State, Nigeria.

Mycotoxins pose a major problem to poultry production as a result of feed contamination which has deleterious consequences such as production losses and human health risks. A total of 158 chicken feed samples were randomly collected from 46 consenting poultry farms in Oyo State throughout the wet season (April-October; 91 samples) and the dry season (November-March; 67 samples), including compounded feed (n = 129) and feed ingredients (n = 29). Samples were promptly transported to the laboratory in sterile plastic vials for lateral flow assay for mycotoxins using six different commercial mycotoxin test kits each for aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, and T-2 toxin/HT-2 toxin. Summary values of mycotoxin levels (µg/kg) in the feedstuffs were represented as frequency or median (and range). Fisher exact or Mann-Whitney U tests were carried out where appropriate at α = 0.05. Every sample contained at least four mycotoxins. Aflatoxins and fumonisin co-occurred in 80% of the samples. Aflatoxin and fumonisin concentrations were above the permissible limits in 32.9% and 18.4% respectively in feedstuff sampled in the dry season while the values were 17.1% and 6.3% respectively during the wet season. Among feed ingredients, peanut cake and maize had the highest median concentration of aflatoxin and fumonisin, respectively. Median aflatoxin concentration in the feedstuff was significantly higher than the permissible limit irrespective of season. There is a need to frequently monitor mycotoxin levels of feed and feed ingredients and improve storage system for feed ingredients in order to reduce the risk associated with high mycotoxin intake in poultry.

Effects of compound feed attractants on the growth rate, feed consumption, intestinal histology, protein synthesis, and immune response of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

Feed intake is a crucial factor in promoting aquatic animals' robust and accelerated growth. Recently, plant protein has been used extensively as a replacement for fishmeal in aquaculture diets, potentially causing adverse effects on both feed palatability and animal health. However, incorporating suitable quantities of feed attractants into the diet can enhance feed palatability, stimulate the appetite of aquatic animals, and potentially augment both growth and overall health. A study was conducted to assess the efficacy of various feeding attractant combinations on Penaeus monodon. In this study, these seven diets were formulated consisting of a positive control (labeled as P) based on commercial feed, a negative control (labeled as N) with a low level of feed attractants, and five diets (labeled as A, B, C, D, and E) containing 8% compositional feed attractants. Each of the five attractants (yeast extract, squid visceral powder, fish soluble, squid paste, and shrimp paste) was added in equal amounts to A-E diets. The results showed that compared to the E diet, the A diet significantly improved the final body weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, and feed intake of shrimp and upregulated the expression of pi3k, eif4ela, and raptor in hepatopancreas. Compared to the P diet, the C diet feed significantly increased the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and acid phosphatase and upregulated the expression of pi3k, myd88, and tor in the intestine. In comparison to the N diet, the D diet feed increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in hemolymph, total superoxide dismutase activity in hepatopancreas, and malondialdehyde content. Additionally, it upregulated the expression of myd88, pi3k, tor, and ror. Compared to the control group, the feed in the E diet increased the total superoxide dismutase activity in the hemolymph and upregulated myd88, pi3k, tor, and imd expression levels. Furthermore, C, D, and E diets increased the width of the shrimp's intestinal folds. Regression analysis showed that the weight gain and feed intake increased with the increasing amount of squid paste in the feed and decreased with the addition of shrimp paste. Feed intake increased with the addition of fish-soluble protein and decreased with the addition of yeast extract in the feed. In conclusion, adding attractants (yeast extract, squid viscera powder, fish soluble, and squid paste) to the feed is beneficial for the growth and feeding of shrimp, and it can promote the expression of shrimp intestinal immune-related genes and histological changes, thus promoting shrimp intestinal health.

Development of compound feed recipes for broiler chickens (13-28 days) using vermiculite

Recently, in the CIS countries and abroad, to compensate for the mineral deficiency of feed rations and reduce their cost, substances of natural origin have increasingly begun to be used: zeolites, travertines, sapropels, bentonites, etc. The prlackblem of the widespread use of natural minerals in the diet of farm animals and poultry represents a pressing issue, given their distinctive properties, waste-free technology, environmental friendliness, and relatively low cost. One of these minerals suitable for use in poultry nutrition is vermiculite (hydromica, hydrous silicate of magnesium and iron of variable composition). The purpose of the study is to determine the physicochemical composition of vermiculite from the Kulantau deposit, and its use as a mineral in the production of animal feed and development of compound feed recipes for broiler chickens Cobb500. The physicochemical parameters of vermiculite, a natural mineral, have been determined. The research analyses were carried out in the research laboratory for assessing the quality and safety of food products of the Almaty Technological University. Feed recipes were developed at LLP “AGRO FIT KAPSHAGAY”. The compound feed recipes for Cobb 500 broiler chickens of 13-28 days were tested at JSC “Alel agro”, in poultry house No. 3.

Hulless barley as part of the diets for quails of the parental herd

Every year in our country the production of poultry products increases. Currently, in many countries of the world quail farming is intensively developing, the task of which is to meet the needs of the population with high-quality and environmentally friendly eggs and meat that have dietary properties. A priority direction in the development of modern poultry farming is the search for new cost-effective and highly effective feed products based on local raw materials that can provide a solution to the problems of complete feeding. Currently, the search for new sources of grain crops with high protein and energy nutrition is relevant. The introduction of hulless barley varieties with a fiber content of 1,6 to 2,8 % into compound feed will increase the digestibility of nutrients. Therefore, the use of hulless barley as part of feed for quails is of certain feasibility. The purpose of the work was to establish the eff ect of compound feed with hulless barley on animal science and economic indicators when housing quail parental herd. The results of a research with the introduction in the diets of quail of 10 % hulless barley and its eff ect on the productivity of the parental herd have been presented in the article. It was established as a result of the research that the use of compound feed with the introduction of 10 % hulless barley for quail parental herd contributed to a reduction in the prime-cost of production of hatching eggs by 7,13 %, due to an increase in the productivity of laying quails by 11,38 % and the reduction in feed expenditures per 1 kg of egg mass and for 10 eggs by 5,09 and 1,70 %, respectively. It was established when carrying out a balance experiment that the use of the developed compound feed for poultry in the experimental group increased the digestibility of nutrients such as crude protein by 1,46 abs.% and crude fiber by 4,34 abs.%.

Digestibility of feed nutrients when the NAA feed additive is included in the diet of geese

The purpose of the research was to study the digestibility of feed nutrients when different doses of the NAA feed additive were included in the diet of meat geese and to analyze the gain in live weight of the experimental poultry. The geese received the feed additive throughout the entire rearing cycle (from 1 to 60 days). A physiological experiment to study the digestibility of feed nutrients was carried out when the geese were 50 days old. On 6 geese from each group, the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fiber, fat, nitrogen-free extractive substances and ash were determined. During the experiment the amount of compound feed eaten, the amount of excreted litter and the live weight of the geese were taken into account. The results obtained indicate that of the three tested dosages (0,5 ml, 1,0 and 2,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed), the dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed turned out to be optimal. Nutrient digestibility coefficients were higher in geese of the 3rd experimental group, whose diet was supplemented with 1,0 ml of feed additive per 1 kg of compound feed. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fi ber and nitrogen-free extractive substances were higher in the 3rd experimental group compared to the values of herdmates in the 1st control group by 3,03 abs.%, 2,28 abs.%, 3,34 abs.% and 5,24 abs.%, respectively. In the 2nd and 4th experimental groups the coeffi cients of digestibility of dry matter of protein, fi ber, nitrogen-free extractive substances and ash were almost at the same level as the results of the 1st control group. The fat digestibility coeffi cient in the 1st control group was 84,49 %, and in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups it was 82,44 %, 81,49 and 82,94 %, respectively. The feed additive at the dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed, which the geese of the 3rd experimental group received, had the significant impact on the dynamics of the live weight of the poultry. Already at 10 days of age geese from the 3rd experimental group were 10,2 g (p ≤ 0,05) heavier than their herdmates from the 1st control group; at 30 and 60 days of age, this difference was significantly higher than in 1st control group by 7,48 and 5,38 % (p ≤ 0,05), respectively.

Growth performance and reproductive qualities of breeder snails (Archachatina marginata) fed different sources of protein

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different protein sources on the growth and reproductive performances of breeder snails, as protein sources are the main requirement for fast growth and development of cells for reproduction. Soya bean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and groundnut cake (GNC) were fed to the breeder snails. The snails were eight (8) months old with an initial average weight of 98.93g, and the experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Sixty (60) Archachatina marginata breeder snails were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of fifteen (15) snails per treatment which were replicated three (3) times in each of the groups. The parameters examined were growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and reproductive characteristics. Data collected were analyzed by the use of a one-way analysis of variance and significant means were separated with the Duncan Multiple Ranged Test at a 5% level of probability using SAS, 2011 [10]. The study revealed that soya bean meal (SBM) supports higher final body weight, body weight gain, and percentage fertility, while soya bean meal and cottonseed meal had higher percentage hatchability. However, no significant (P>0.05) differences were recorded in the final shell circumference, shell circumference gain, final shell length, and shell length gain. It was concluded that compounded feed with soya bean meal as the main protein source abetted fast growth and better productive performance.

Determination of four aminoglycoside antibiotics and spectinomycin in feed at cross-contamination level: Development and in-house validation of a LC–MS/MS method for enforcing EU Regulation

Combating antimicrobial resistance is a top priority worldwide involving a concerted action by several high-level institutions and organisations in the health sector. To ensure that a meaningful progress is achieved, several campaigns and political initiatives have been launched targeting the health professionals, the industry, the farmers, and the general public. The Regulation (EU) 2019/4 on medicated feed contains provisions for the limitation and control of the contamination of non-target compound feed with 24 antimicrobials.The purpose of this work was to develop a reliable and effective method for the determination of four aminoglycoside antibiotics (apramycin, paromomycin, tobramycin and neomycin) and spectinomycin in feed at cross-contamination level, where an absolute lack of suitable methods was identified. Four candidate methods described in the literature failed to provide adequate recoveries of all analytes. Therefore, an in-depth investigation was carried out to identify the bottleneck variable. The optimised method was then in-house validated and showed performance features appropriate for the intended purpose. The selected compounds could be analysed by LC–MS/MS in five animal feeds with LOQs between 2.6 and 9.2 μg kg˗1 for the AGs and between 28 and 86 μg kg˗1 for spectinomycin. Using isotopically labelled internal standards, the recovery rates varied from 63 % to 103 % and the intermediate precision (RSDip) varied from 1.1 % to 14 %. This work represents a step forward in the reliable determination of antibiotics in compound feed as the developed method has shown to be precise and sensitive. It is expected that this method gains wide acceptance and can supplement the legislation with effective control tools for antibiotic residues.

In vitro Evaluation of Different Levels of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Nut Meal Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation Kinetics and Digestibility

Background: Globally, safeguarding food and nutritional security of ever increasing population demands sustainable crop and livestock production. While urbanization, decrease in cultivable land and stiff feed-fuel-food competition accompanied with skyrocketing price of conventional feedstuffs hinders the sustainable livestock production. Hence, it necessitates search and exploration of alternative feed resources along with judicious utilization of existing feed resources. In this context, Cashew nut meal (CNM) is one such alternative feed resource but the studies pertaining to its optimum level of inclusion in animal diet is scanty. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the effect of incorporating varying levels of cashew nut meal (CNM) as a supplement on in vitro rumen fermentation kinetics and digestibility. Methods: Seven distinct compounded feed mixtures (CFM) were formulated, with CNM progressively replacing 0 (C0), 10 (C1), 20 (C2), 30 (C3), 40 (C4), 50 (C5), and 60 (C6) per cent of the soybean meal (SBM) protein present in the control CFM. Additionally, seven experimental complete diets (T0 to T6) were prepared by blending these CFM with Super Napier (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum glaucum) hay in a 40:60 ratio. These diets were subjected to rumen in vitro gas production (RIVGP) study with cumulative gas production measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 h post-incubation. Subsequently, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) of the diets were determined using a modified in vitro two-stage technique. Later, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were estimated using gas chromatography. Result: Analysis of chemical composition revealed that CNM contains good protein of 256.5 g/kg. The potential gas production (D) and the rate and extent of gas production (c) for diets containing CNM ranged from 54.63 to 60.24 mL and 0.036 to 0.043 h-1, respectively. IVTDMD and NDFD analysis of the seven diets fell within the range of 79.12% to 80.80% and 64.72% to 66.47%, respectively. The estimated TVFA for seven diets ranged from 17.87 to 23.65 mM. Further, the metabolisable energy (ME) of diets ranged from 7.89 to 8.08 MJ/kg DM. Importantly, no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation kinetics parameters, IVTDMD, NDFD and TVFA among treatments (T0 to T6). In conclusion, cashew nut meal could be used as an alternative to soybean meal in compounded feed mixtures of ruminants up to 30% (w/w) without any adverse effect on rumen fermentation pattern and digestibility.

Analysis of the causes of the occurrence and measures of prevention of pododermatitis in rabbits

Analysis of the causes of the occurrence and measures of prevention of pododermatitis in rabbits

Effect of cuprum proteinate on blood parameters in broiler chickens

The data obtained during the scientific and economic experiment show that the replacement of copper sulfate with copper proteinate in broiler chickens, even in smaller doses, did not significantly affect hematological and biochemical blood parameters. Some increase in the total level of albumins and globulins, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the content of calcium, phosphorus and copper in blood serum was noted. Introduction of cuprum proteinate to compound feed to broiler chickens of the third experimental group in doses of 13.9; 12.6 and 9.0 g/t (on average for 42 days – 12.5 g/t) contributed to a probable increase in total protein by 14.2 % (Р < 0.05) on the 30th day of the experiment and by 12.3 % (Р < 0.05) on the 42nd day of the experiment compared to the control group. At the same time, the level of albumins increased by 11.9 % (Р < 0.05) and 15.8 % (Р < 0.05), and globulins by 12.0 % (Р < 0.05) and 10.7 %, respectively. This fact shows that reducing the dose of cuprum proteinate has a positive effect on protein synthesis, activation of albumin and globulin synthesis occurs, which reduces the load on the immune system of broiler chickens and has a positive effect on protein metabolism. On the 42nd day of the experiment, the calcium content in the blood of all groups increased, but in the experimental groups it was higher than the control indicator in the second group by 4.8 % and by 5.6 % in the third experimental group. Regarding the level of Phosphorus in the blood serum of experimental groups of broiler chickens, its amount increased to 1.85–1.96 mmol/l on the 42nd day. The content of cuprum in the blood of broiler chickens, which were fed cuprum proteinate as part of compound feed, was probably higher than the indicator of the control group. Chickens of the second experimental group, which were fed cuprum proteinate in quantities of 18.2; 16.8 and 12.0 g/t of compound feed exceeded their counterparts by 14.0–16.3 % (Р < 0.05). Broiler chickens of the third experimental group, which were added to compound feed with cuprum proteinate in doses of 13.9, 12.6 and 30 g/t, prevailed on day 30 of the experiment by 18.8 % (Р < 0.01), and on day 42 day by 18.9 % (Р < 0.01). A higher level of Calcium and Phosphorus in the blood serum of experimental broiler chickens indicates an increase in the resistance of the bird to infections and better mineralization of bone tissue. Feeding of cuprum proteinate to broiler chickens makes it possible to reduce the dose of the trace element in compound feed, which reduces the burden on the bird's body and increases the biological availability of mineral compounds.

Biochemical and hematological characteristics of blood indicators, productivi-ty of piglets under the influence of additional feed “Activo”

The article discusses the issue of the condition of the piglets' bodies before and after weaning after feeding the additional feed “Activo.” The object of the study was piglets born from sows of the large white breed of ADN genetics. Piglets were divided into control (n = 111) and experimental (n = 110). From the 5th to the 43rd day of life, the piglets were given pre-starter compound feed in loose form. In the research group's pre-starter compound feed, “Activo,” was introduced in the amount of 0.2 kg/t of finished compound feed. Blood was collected from the cranial vena cava of the piglets of the control and experimental groups for biochemical and hematological parameters on the 28th and 43rd days of the piglets' life. Productivity control was carried out by weighing animals on the day of birth, at weaning, and on the 43rd day of life. Feed consumption was monitored, and average daily gains and feed conversion were determined. According to the results of the research on piglets before weaning, we can see an increase in the total protein level in the experimental group's blood by 2.85 % compared to the control group. The albumin concentration in the control group's piglets was 47.33 %, and the experimental group was 48.00 %, which is 1.42 % more than the control group. There was also an increase in α-, β-, and γ-globulins in the experimental group. After piglets were weaned, a probable increase in total protein and albumin was noted in the experimental group by 3.96 % and 1.85 %, respectively, in the control group. At the beginning of the experiment, the piglets of the control and experimental groups had a slight difference in live weight, which was 3.35 % in favor of the control group. Already on the 28th day of life, the piglets of the research group had a live weight statistically higher by 6.58 % (P < 0.001) concerning the control. Thus, for 14 days of the experiment after weaning, the increase in live weight of piglets of the experimental group probably increased by 11.9 % (Р < 0.01), and the difference in the weight of piglets between the control and experimental groups was 0.88 kg, or 8.15 % (P < 0.001). The average daily growth rate of piglets in the experimental group also increased by 11.8 % (Р < 0.01). The difference in feed conversion between the control and experimental groups is 0.19 kg or 10.8 %.

The use of soybeans in the structure of the ration of high-yielding cows

In the conditions of intensive milk production in order to ensure high productivity and at the same time preserve the general functional state of animal health it is impossible to do without the use of protein-rich grain components in the structure of compound feed. These include soybeans, which in the western region of Ukraine began to be widely used in the production of compound feed for cattle. The percentage of introduction of soybeans into the structure of compound feed is different and for high-yielding cows requires additional study, which explains the relevance of conducting research on its influence on milk productivity, quality indicators of milk against the background of assimilation of the main nutrients of feed. The study was conducted on four groups of Simmental cows, seven heads in each. The rations of experimental cows provided for three levels of provision of protein needs at the expense of soybeans and were balanced in terms of basic nutrients in compliance with the requirements of detailed requirements. The analysis of the feeding conditions of experimental cows showed that the use of heat-treated soybeans in the structure of the ration contributed to a significant increase in milk productivity, as well as quality indicators, the content of dry matter, fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus. A similar pattern was observed in terms of indicators of the intensity of metabolic processes of cicatricial digestion. Thus, a positive effect on the percentage of certain volatile fatty acids, in particular acetic as a precursor of milk fat was noted. An increase was noted in the digestibility indicators of the main nutrients (protein, fat, fiber digestibility coefficients). The positive effect of soybeans on the milk productivity of the experimental cows was also noted by the results of the balance experiment. The nitrogen balance was positive and its use for milk production in cows of the fourth group compared to the control group was 27.4 % higher. A similar trend was observed in the balance of calcium and phosphorus. So, the conducted studies on the study of the productive effect of different amounts of soybeans instead of cereal components in the structure of compound feed on milk productivity give reason to recommend that farms use prepared soybeans in the proportion of 10–15 % in compound feed for high-yielding cows.

Evaluation of rabbit young stock grown using starter compound feed by growth intensity and functional state of the body

The possibility of improving the technology of raising suckling and weaned kits aged 18–42 days, which would involve the use of starter compound feed, was studied in the conducted research. The object of the research was the livestock of rabbits of the Poltava Silver breed. The research was conducted at the experimental rabbitry of the Cherkasy Research Station of Bioresources. The experiments were carried out in a closed capital ventilated premises using metal cages for keeping suckling does with litters measuring 95×39 cm, equipped with feeders and automatic waterers. The cages intended for feeding suckling kits with starter compound feed were slightly modified: an additional feeder was installed in the compartment for young stock, and only the kits had the possibility of free movement between different compartments of the cage. By the method of group analogs from nests of suckling 18-day-old kits, two subgroups of 25 heads each were formed. The preparatory period lasted 5 days, and the main one – 19 days (raising up to 42 days of age, with weaning at 35). Suckling does of both groups were fed a complete granulated feed PK 91 (for adult rabbits and does aged 90 days and older “Lux”) produced by LLC “KreMix”. For the animals of the experimental group, a recipe for additional complete granulated starter compound feed was developed, produced at a farm in the village of Tashlik, Smila district. Thus, both starter compound feed and feed for feeding suckling does were used for the kits of the experimental group, and for the analogs of the control group - the same feed as for the does. The conducted research revealed that the use of complete granulated starter compound feed for feeding young rabbits aged 18–42 days as an additional feed, developed according to international standards, did not lead to an increase in the total cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain, but on the contrary, reduced it. Due to the increase in the retention rate of the replacement young stock in the experimental group by 8.0 % provided its realization for further breeding per 100 heads, contributed to additional income of 1015.28 UAH. (market realization price – 140.00 UAH/kg of live weight). Based on the conducted research, an information database of growth and development indicators of replacement young stock of rabbits when fed starter compound feed at the age of 18–42 days has been created.

Triticale: A General Overview of Its Use in Poultry Production

Triticale, a hybrid of wheat and rye, is one of the most promising grain crops. In terms of productivity, the level of metabolizable energy, and the composition of essential amino acids, triticale surpasses rye and is not inferior to wheat. It is resistant to the most dangerous diseases and pests. In terms of nutritional value, triticale can compete with wheat, corn, sorghum, and barley. The presence, however, of antinutrients in triticale such as non-starch polysaccharides, alkylresorcinols, and trypsin inhibitors significantly reduces the biological value of this crop. In the global practice of compound feed production, there are many methods and technologies for processing grain raw materials to increase their nutritional value. Enzymatic treatment and extrusion technologies are worthy of special attention. The high content of triticale in the compound feed of poultry breeder flocks should be used effectively, taking into account the characteristics of triticale varieties and climatic conditions. An optimal triticale level in feed (15% for layer and broiler chicks) may improve body weight gain and reduce feed costs when raising replacement young stock. Layer breeder flocks fed a 20% triticale-based diet may have increased egg production, high viability, and flock uniformity. Producing triticale–soy and triticale–sunflower extrudates and supplementing the diet of poultry flocks with essential amino acids represent promising avenues for maximizing the benefits of triticale. Innovative methods of achieving this goal should be further developed and put into practice, particularly given the expansion of triticale’s cultivation areas.

CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION OF BIOPOLYMERS FOR MICROENCAPSULATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

In the feeding of highly productive agricultural animals and poultry, an important role belongs to the quality and safety of compound feed products, for the production of which premixes or preparations of biologically active substances are used. Increasingly, probiotic supplements based on live microorganisms are used in the feeding of farm animals and poultry, which, among other things, provide stable immunity to infectious diseases without using antibiotics in the diet. As a result, the general condition improves and the productivity of animals and the quality of livestock products increase. Today, one of the urgent issues is the stabilization of probiotic microorganisms. Thus, the microencapsulation technology allows you to cover the particles of the probiotic supplement with an individual shell to obtain a product with a directed effect and an adjustable time of release of the constituent substance. The article deals with protein metabolism during feeding of highly productive breeds of cattle. Methods of cell stabilization and advantages of stabilized forms of probiotics are presented. Technologies and types of shell materials widely used for microencapsulation of probiotics are analyzed. The use of a specific microencapsulation technology or material depends on the properties of the specific probiotic strain. Organic and inorganic substances, synthetic materials and natural biodegradable polymers are used to stabilize the cells of microorganisms. The most popular biopolymers used for microencapsulation are considered in detail - alginates, carrageenans, chitosan, starch, gum arabic, pectin, gelatin, whey protein. The structural composition, production methods, functional characteristics, volumes of global production of the considered biopolymers are given. The use of microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms with natural biopolymers for the purpose of stabilizing probiotics in animal feed is an innovative approach.

A Field Study Evaluating the Effects of Diclazuril and Oregano Oil for the Prevention of Coccidiosis in Fattening Rabbits

For years, there has been an increasing interest in natural alternatives to the conventional coccidiostats applied as feed additives, which have been used for decades to prevent coccidiosis in poultry and fattening rabbits. This study aimed to compare the possible anticoccidial effects of oregano oil to the established substance diclazuril in growing rabbits. The control group (CG) received a non-supplemented basal compound feed, to which either diclazuril (1 mg/kg; DG) or oregano oil (75 mg/kg; OG) was added. In each of the three trials, subgroups of 50 rabbits each were assigned to one of the three experimental groups (CG, DG and OG). Natural Eimeria infection was monitored weekly by fecal oocyst counts and Eimeria species identification following sporulation. Additionally, the performance parameters were determined at the middle and the end of the trials, and the deceased rabbits were subjected to necropsy. Neither oocyst excretion nor the performance parameters differed significantly between the three experimental groups. Eimeria media, Eimeria magna, Eimeria perforans and Eimeria exigua were identified as the occurring species. The highest animal losses (16.0%) occurred in the OG, while the losses were 12.7% in the DG and 12.0% in the CG. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Overall, neither diclazuril nor oregano oil was superior to the non-supplemented feed. This underlines the importance of diagnostics, as this study’s results indicate that in the absence of the highly pathogenic Eimeria species, economic rabbit rearing and fattening is achievable without the use of coccidiostats.

Результаты применения кормовой добавки пробиотического действия для повышения продуктивности дойных коров

Abstract. The article highlights the results of scientific and economic experience on highly productive dairy cows of black-and-white breed in the second half of lactation. The purpose - evaluation of the possibility of using a new lyophilized feed additive “Bonaka-APK” in the diets of dairy cows to increase their productivity and milk quality indicators. Studied the productive effect of the feed additive “Bonaka-APK” on dairy cows. Scientific and economic experience was conducted in the farm of the OSP “Novator 1” (Gulkevichi district, Krasnodar Territory) in 2021–2022. Research objectives to study the effect of feeding the feed additive "Bonaka-APK" on milk productivity and quality indicators of cow milk. Methods. The studies were carried out on two groups of dairy cows, formed by the method of pairs of analogues. Feeding ration of dairy cows of black-and-white breed with a live weight of 550.0 ± 40.0 kg and a milk yield of 16.0 ± 3.0 kg per day contained: 170 MJ OE, 1582.0 g of digestible protein and 4100.0 g of crude fiber, including 1844.0 g of starch. The sugar-protein ratio in the diet is – 0.83. There were 93.1 g of digestible protein per 1 energy feed unit. The experimental group, in addition to the main diet as part of the compound feed, received a probiotic complex “Bonaka-APK” in the amount of 0.02 kg per 1 head, once a day before milking. Results. The use of the biotechnological complex “Bonaka-APK” as an additive to compound feed, for the accounting period, made it possible to significantly increase the milk yield of 1 cow in the experimental group by 24.6 %, and in terms of 4.0% fat content – by 26.0 % compared with control. The content of fat in the milk of the experimental groups did not differ significantly, and the content of the mass fraction of protein in the milk of the experimental group was significantly higher by 0.4% compared to the control. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a new, developed complex “Bonaka-APK” was tested on dairy cows.

Methodology for assessing the food attractiveness of feeding objects on the example of juvenile Australian red claw crayfish

The aim of the work: to identify behavioral responses that make it possible to characterize the food attractiveness of potential feeding objects for juveniles of the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus.Used methods: the study was conducted on the juvenile Australian red-clawed crayfish C. quadricarinatus, in the aquarium room of aquaculture invertebrate department at VNIRO. 11 types of feeding objects of plant and 4 types of animal origin were studied, as well as TetraWaferMix compound feed as a control. A total of 616 experiments were performed.Newness: on the juveniles of the Australian red-clawed crayfish C. quadricarinatus, the methodology for assessing the nutritional attractiveness of feeding objects by the nature of behavior during feed consumption was tested.Result: the experiments conducted showed that a large proportion of individuals who threw, crumbled, held food with their oral limbs for a long time without attempting to mechanical processing it or did not eat the food, indicates its unsatisfactory nutritional qualities. The time spent by crayfish on eating food depends on the hardness of the proposed components, the rate of their softening in water, the size of individuals and therefore cannot directly characterize the nutritional attractiveness of the feed. Most of the proposed forage objects (11 out of 15) had attractive nutritional characteristics for juveniles of C. quadricarinatus crayfish. The most active juveniles consumed animal feed (larvae of Chironomus sp. and Hermetia illucens, squid meat, Gammarus sp.), and among the feeds of plant origin, the seeds of oats, wheat and fried buckwheat, as well as beets and potatoes had the greatest attractiveness.