Extraction Of Compounds Research Articles

Shionone Inhibits Glomerular Fibirosis by Suppressing NLRP3 Related Inflammasome though SESN2-NRF2/ HO-1 Pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Shionone (SH), an important triterpenoid compound in the root extract of Aster, might exert a protective effect in DN mice and high glucose cultivated glomerular podocytes. The current study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by which SH mitigates DN. We postulate that SH stimulates the expression of sestrin-2 (SESN2), a pivotal stress-inducible protein in the anti-inflammasome machinery. We utilized high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal) for DN mice model, and high glucose (30 mM, 48 hours) cultured glomerular podocytes for DN cell model to evaluate the effect of SH. We also preformed experimentation on SESN2 deficiency models (SESN2 knockout mice and SESN2 siRNA in cells) to further prove our hypothesis. The results demonstrated that SH effectively suppressed glomerular fibrosis, induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. Furthermore, our findings revealed that SH exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through Sesn2-dependent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and subsequent activation of its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In summary, our findings suggest that SH serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN-related glomerular fibrosis. SH enhances the expression of SESN2, attenuates α-smooth muscle actin accumulation, and suppresses NLRP3-related inflammation through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Correction: Exploring phenolic compound extraction from marine seaweeds of south coast India: in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation

Correction: Exploring phenolic compound extraction from marine seaweeds of south coast India: in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation

Enhancing the biological activities and altering the chemical structure of clove aqueous extract prepared with plasma-activated water as a novel technique

This investigation assesses the effect of plasma-activated water (PAW) as a solvent during the preparation of clove aqueous extract. PAW was generated by surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma device for 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively. The conventional method of maceration was used as a control group. We evaluated the biological activity and physicochemical characteristics of clove extracts. In the color assay, the clove extract produced by PAW showed a slightly higher color parameter than the control extract. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results demonstrated several higher absorption intensities at specific regions in the PAW-clove extract structure. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the PAW extracts showed more bioactive components than the maceration extract. The clove extract prepared by the PAW -5 min group had the highest total phenolic content (TPC) at 821.6 mg GAE/g, the highest free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) compared to other groups. These alterations could be due to reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (RONS) generated in PAW, which can modify the physicochemical properties of clove. The findings indicated that PAW is a unique extraction solvent that improves the extraction of phenolic compounds from clove.

Dual COF functionalized magnetic MXene composite for enhancing magnetic solid phase extraction of thiophene compounds from oilfield produced waters prior to GC-MS/MS analysis

In this study, a novel COFTABT@COFTATp modified magnetic MXene composite (CoFe2O4 @Ti3C2 @COFTABT@COFTATp) was synthesized by Schiff base reaction and irre-versible enol-keto tautomerization, and employed to establish a sensitive monitoring method for six thiophene compounds in oilfield produced water samples based on magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) prior to gas chromatography coupled with a triple quadruple mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The designed magnetic materials exhibited unexpected enrichment ability to target thiophene compounds and achieved good extraction efficiencies ranging from 83 % to 98 %. The developed MSPE/GC-MS/MS method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.001–100 μg L−1, and obtained lower limits of detection ranging from 0.39 to 1.9 ng L−1. The spiked recoveries of thiophene compounds obtained in three oilfield produced water samples were over the range of 96.26 %−99.54 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 3.7 %. Notably, benzothiophene, 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene were detected in three oilfield-produced water samples. Furthermore, the material still kept favorable stability after six recycling experiments. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms as well as adsorption thermodynamics of thiophene compounds were investigated in detail to provide insight into the mechanisms. Overall, the present work contributed a promising strategy for designing and synthesizing new functionalized materials for the enrichment and detection of typical pollutants in the environment.

Callus of Mundulea sericea as potential anti-diabetic agents; an in silico approach

Mundulea sericea, a rare plant of the fabaceae family, has high medicinal value but a low regeneration rate in its natural habitat. The present study aims to conduct in vitro propagation and screen the potential bioactive compounds in the callus through in silico analysis. The explants were collected, sterilized, and inoculated in a standardized MS media with growth regulators in vitro to obtain sterile plants. The experiment resulted in the formation of a greenish-brown callus at a rate of 82.41 % on MS medium supplemented with BAP (6.66 µM L−1). The callus was powdered and subjected to GC–MS analysis. A total of 31 compounds were identified in the methanolic extract, along with their corresponding peak values. The compounds underwent ADME analysis for toxicity predictions. Eight compounds were chosen further based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The selected ligands were docked with anti-diabetic targets α-amylase and α-glucosidase. As a result, the compound CID 5283663 exhibited a strong binding affinity of −9.3 with the α-amylase receptor. The ligand CID 33010 exhibits a strong interaction of −7.5 with the α-glucosidase receptor. Glibenclamide and acarbose were used as standards. This study is the first attempt to identify compounds in the callus extract that could inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The findings from molecular docking analysis suggest these compounds could become potent treatments for diabetics, showcasing the promise of natural sources in drug discovery.

Is Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) a Useful Tool for the Valorization of Solid and Liquid Sea Bass Side Streams?: Evaluation of Nutrients and Contaminants

AbstractIn this study, fresh sea bass’s (Dicentrarchus labrax) heads, skin, viscera, and muscle were evaluated for their potential valorization as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. For this purpose, a pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment (1.0 kV/cm field strength and 220.5 kJ/kg specific energy for head, 3.0 kV/cm and 299.4 kJ/kg for skin, 3.0 kV/cm and 123.7 kJ/kg for viscera and muscle) was used. Subsequently, extraction processes were carried out using either 100% water or 50% ethanol. Protein assessment (protein content and bioactive peptides’ identification), as well as ICP-MS analysis of minerals and heavy metals, was conducted on both the solid matrices and liquid extracts. The findings indicate that the choice of solvent (100% water or 50% ethanol) and PEF treatment significantly (p < 0.05) affected protein recovery in the sea bass side streams liquid extracts, while a considerable protein amount was retained in the solid matrices. Furthermore, the ICP-MS analysis of minerals revealed that PEF treatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved mineral recovery in the head and muscle liquid extracts. However, a considerable amount of minerals remained in the solid matrices. Lower contents of heavy metals were found in the liquid extracts compared to the solid matrices, being anyway the quantities of the five heavy metals analyzed within edible and safe limits. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of sea bass side stream extracts was assessed to measure the potential antioxidant bioactive compounds in the liquid extracts. PEF treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased the TAC of the liquid extracts from sea bass viscera, as opposed to other side streams. Both 100% water and 50% ethanol were effective as extraction solvents, promoting the recovery of high-added-value compounds not only from the liquid extracts but also from solid matrices. Thus, PEF pre-treatment can be considered a valuable technique to enhance fish side stream valorization.

Extraction and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Maize.

Plants accumulate hundreds of thousands of specialized metabolites that participate in their interactions with the environment. Among these compounds, phenolics represent a large class, and they play important physiological roles, such as providing a first barrier against pathogens, cues to pollinators, and radiation protection. Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide for food, animal feed, and biofuels, and it has the potential to accumulate different phenolics in vegetative tissues as well as in seeds. Recent studies have identified a large number of phenolic compounds-with a diversity of chemical decorations-in different maize tissues, but these likely represent just a fraction of the metabolic diversity of maize. In this protocol, we describe a specific method for the extraction and quantification of maize phenolic compounds by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MRM-MS/MS) analysis. We provide detailed instructions for the extraction of phenolics using acidic methanol, and for the quantification of 33 different compounds in maize stems, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignin precursors.

Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres in Active Compound Separation from Natural Product.

Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres (MIMs) or Microsphere Molecularly Imprinted Polymers represent an innovative design for the selective extraction of active compounds from natural products, showcasing effectiveness and cost-efficiency. MIMs, crosslinked polymers with specific binding sites for template molecules, overcome irregularities observed in traditional Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs). Their adaptability to the shape and size of target molecules allows for the capture of compounds from complex mixtures. This review article delves into exploring the potential practical applications of MIMs, particularly in the extraction of active compounds from natural products. Additionally, it provides insights into the broader development of MIM technology for the purification of active compounds. The synthesis of MIMs encompasses various methods, including precipitation polymerization, suspension polymerization, Pickering emulsion polymerization, and Controlled/Living Radical Precipitation Polymerization. These methods enable the formation of MIPs with controlled particle sizes suitable for diverse analytical applications. Control over the template-to-monomer ratio, solvent type, reaction temperature, and polymerization time is crucial to ensure the successful synthesis of MIPs effective in isolating active compounds from natural products. MIMs have been utilized to isolate various active compounds from natural products, such as aristolochic acids from Aristolochia manshuriensis and flavonoids from Rhododendron species, among others. Based on the review, suspension polymerization deposition, which is one of the techniques used in creating MIPs, can be classified under the MIM method. This is due to its ability to produce polymers that are more homogeneous and exhibit better selectivity compared to traditional MIP techniques. Additionally, this method can achieve recovery rates ranging from 94.91% to 113.53% and purities between 86.3% and 122%. The suspension polymerization process is relatively straightforward, allowing for the effective control of viscosity and temperature. Moreover, it is cost-effective as it utilizes water as the solvent.

Exploration of Indonesian Herbal Plants as Aphrodisiac agents and Testing their Activity in Animal Testing

Indonesia's abundant natural resources have spurred interest in exploring certain plants believed to possess aphrodisiac properties that can enhance male libido and reproductive health. This research endeavor is designed to delve into the extraction of compounds from various plant species, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their chemical constituents. Subsequently, aphrodisiac activity assessments are conducted on male rats, focusing on key parameters such as mating frequency, climbing behavior, and coital activities. Additionally, this investigation encompasses the determination of the percentage of relative testicular weight in relation to body weight and histopathological examination of testicular organs. The findings emanating from the extracts of Piper retrofractum (PRE), Solanum melongena fruit (EE), Ocimum basilicum leaves (OBLE), Watermelon albedo (WAE), and Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum rhizoma (ZRE) reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Notably, EE, administered at a dosage of 30mg, yields the most prominent aphrodisiac effects in the test subjects, as evidenced by heightened mating frequency, climbing activity, and coital behaviors. Furthermore, the relative testicular weight following treatment with 30mg of PRE closely resembles the impact observed with sildenafil at a dosage of 10 mg/kgbw.

Non-Thermal and Thermal Physical Procedures—Optimistic Solutions in the Winemaking Industry

Consumer demand for food and drink products with special nutritional properties is constantly increasing. To respond to new consumption trends, research in winemaking focuses on optimizing the technological process to increase quality while preserving the traditional character and typicality of the product. Lately, winemakers are implementing a range of physical non-thermal (ultrasound technology and cold plasma technology) and thermal (microwave treatment) processes to streamline and optimize winemaking technologies, reduce costs, speed up production, and improve sustainability. This study examines the existing literature regarding the effects of various physical approaches on the quality of wines. Scientific articles are concentrating on enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds and other active compounds—especially those that contribute positively to wine quality. The reviewed literature only offers a limited amount of information on this subject; further investigation is required to determine the significance, applicability, and efficacy of thermal and non-thermal procedures in the wine industry.

Marine sponge-derived natural products: trends and opportunities for the decade of 2011-2020

The discovery of natural products derived from marine sources has demonstrated a consistent upward trajectory for the decade of 2011-2020, holding significant promise for the development of novel drugs and many other marine bioproducts. In recent years, the spotlight has shifted away from marine sponges (Porifera) towards marine microorganisms as the primary source of discovery. Despite reports of marine sponges spanning 20 different orders and being the subject of 769 papers between 2011 and 2020, they only contributed to 19.29% of all new compounds discovered, in contrast to 51.94% by marine microorganisms and phytoplankton. 563 new compounds were reported from marine sponge-associated microbes, more than doubling the number for the previous decade (2001-2010). It heralds a positive outlook for a sustainable resource strategy as the extraction of bioactive compounds produced by pure cultures of sponge-associated microbes could overcome supply challenges that arise with isolation from host sponges for the same compound. However, the application of novel marine natural products (MNPs) remains challenging due to the limited yield of compounds from large amounts of sponges. This review covers the literature published between 2011 and 2020, focusing on MNPs isolated from marine sponges. A total of 2603 new compounds are documented, detailing their chemical classification, biological activities, source country or geographic locations, and the taxonomic information of the source organisms, including order, family, genus, and species.

Upgrading hazelnut skins: Green extraction of polyphenols from lab to semi-industrial scale

Hazelnut skins (HS) are usually managed as waste; however, this by-product is a source of bioactive compounds, with potential applications in feed and food sectors. Phenolic compounds can be extracted using green protocols combining enabling technologies and green solvents. This work investigates subcritical water extraction (SWE) of bioactive compounds from HS. A laboratory-scale study was performed on four different batches, with significant batch-to-batch heterogeneity. The evaluation of polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant activities afforded promising results compared to the benchmark of reflux maceration. To evaluate process effectiveness, the extraction protocol was replicated on a semi-industrial plant that processed 8 kg of matrix. Downstream processes have been optimized for scale-up, demonstrating the effectiveness of SWE in retaining product concentration and bioactivity avoiding excipients in spray-drying phase. Hazelnut extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against animal- and food-borne pathogens, supporting their potential use as sustainable feed ingredients for improved hazelnut production and animal farming practices.

Phytochemical profiling and Immunomodulatory activity of belincong (Marsdenia brunoniana) fruit extract against Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice

Marsdenia brunoniana, called belincong, is a wild plant growing in East Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds and immunomodulatory activity of M. brunoniana fruit extract. Phytochemical screening of M. brunoniana fruit extract used GC-MS analysis. The immunomodulatory activity of M. brunoniana fruit extract was determined using the number of leukocytes, the weight of the spleen, phagocytic activity, and antibody level. There were 25 mice divided into five groups. Normal control (KN) was the group without any treatment, but negative control (K-) was the group with twice Staphylococcus aureus infection. The M. brunoniana fruit extract treatment groups were differentiated based on dose (P1= 50 mg/kg BW; P2= 100mg/kg BW; P3= 150mg/kg BW). M. brunoniana fruit extract was administered orally for two weeks, and Staphylococcus aureus was injected intraperitoneally after extract administration twice. The GC-MS analysis showed that M. brunoniana fruit extract has 28 compounds. The most compounds in the fruit extract were 1,2,3-Propanetriol (CAS) Glycerol, 1,4-Benzenediol (CAS) Hydroquinone, and Piperidine, 1-methyl- (CAS) N-Methylpiperidine. M. brunoniana fruit extract showed immunomodulatory activity by enhancing phagocytic activity and the weight of the spleen in the P2 group. In addition, the number of leukocytes returned to normal in the P1 group. Not only modulating the innate system, M. brunoniana fruit extract also significantly increased the level of antibodies in mice serum in the P3 group. Based on these results, phytochemical compounds of M. brunoniana fruit extract have immunomodulatory activity against Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology.

The utilization of polyols as green solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials has gained attention due to their safety and inert behavior with plant bioactive chemicals. This study explores the sustainable extraction of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants from coffee silverskin using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method with polyol-based solvents: glycerin, propylene glycol (PG), butylene glycol (BG), methylpropanediol (MPD), isopentyldiol (IPD), pentylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, and hexylene glycol (HG). A comparative analysis was conducted on conventional and non-conventional solvent extractions, focusing on their impact on the bioactive compounds of MAE, encompassing parameters such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities like the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH), the 2,2'-azino-bis(-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging assay (ABTS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). The highest values were observed for TPC with aqueous-1,2-hexanediol extraction (52.0 ± 3.0 mg GAE/g sample), TFC with aqueous-1,2-hexanediol extraction (20.0 ± 1.7 mg QE/g sample), DPPH with aqueous-HGextraction (13.6 ± 0.3 mg TE/g sample), ABTS with aqueous-pentylene glycol extraction (8.2 ± 0.1 mg TE/g sample), and FRAP with aqueous-HG extraction (21.1 ± 1.3 mg Fe (II) E/g sample). This research aims to advance eco-friendly extraction technology through natural plant components, promoting sustainability by minimizing hazardous chemical use while reducing time and energy consumption, with potential applications in cosmetics.

Extraction and characterization of compounds from Punica granatum L.: case study of Mila region, Algeria

Extraction and characterization of compounds from Punica granatum L.: case study of Mila region, Algeria

Current Trends in Food Processing By-Products as Sources of High Value-Added Compounds in Food Fortification.

Along the food production chain of animal, fish, and vegetable products, a huge amount of by-products are generated every year. Major nutritional, financial, and environmental advantages can be achieved by transforming them into functional ingredients for food formulation and fortification. In this review, we investigated various conventional and emerging treatments recently employed to obtain functional ingredients rich in proteins, fibers, and bioactive compounds from vegetables, fish, meat, and dairy by-products. The optimal enrichment level in food as well as the nutritional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of the final food were also discussed. Novel technologies such as ultrasounds, microwaves, and high pressure have been successfully adopted to enhance the extraction of target compounds. The functional ingredients, added both in liquid or powder form, were able to improve the nutritional quality and antioxidant potential of food, although high levels of fortification may cause undesired changes in texture and flavor. This review provides important considerations for further industrial scale-up.

Polygonum hydropiper Compound Extract Inhibits Clostridium perfringens-Induced Intestinal Inflammatory Response and Injury in Broiler Chickens by Modulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a critical disease affecting broiler health, with Clostridium perfringens as its primary pathogen. Polygonum hydropiper compound extract (PHCE), formulated based on traditional Chinese veterinary principles, contains primarily flavonoids with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, PHCE's efficacy against Clostridium perfringens-induced NE and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study employed network pharmacology and molecular docking to predict PHCE's potential mechanisms in treating NE, followed by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Clostridium perfringens (C. perf). Subsequently, the effects of various PHCE doses on intestinal damage, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory factors in C. perf-infected broilers were assessed. Network pharmacology and molecular docking suggested that PHCE's therapeutic mechanism for NE involves the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway, with flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin as key active components. PHCE exhibited an MIC of 3.13 mg/mL and an MBC of 12.5 mg/mL against C. perf. High PHCE doses effectively reduced intestinal damage scores in both the jejunum and ileum, accompanied by attenuated intestinal pathological changes. Additionally, the high dose significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). PHCE also modulated the expression of caspase-1, IL-1β, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and NLRP3 mRNA, key components of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, in both intestinal segments. These findings collectively indicate that PHCE protects against C. perf-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in NE. By enhancing antioxidant capacity, PHCE likely reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, subsequently modulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway key factor expression. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the protective mechanism of the herbal compound PHCE and its potential benefits for avian health.

Different extraction methods shape the phenolic signature and biological activity of Morinda lucida extracts: A novel source of bioactive compounds preparing functional applications

The extraction of bioactive compounds is based on the application of various extraction techniques. Therefore, the stem and root bark of the plant species Morinda lucida L. were used in this research, while the extraction procedure was performed using three extraction techniques: HAE (homogenizer extraction), UAE (ultrasound extraction) as modern, and MAC (maceration) as conventional extraction technique. The presence of different classes of secondary metabolites was determined using the UHPLC method, while the content of total phenols and flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically. The biological potential was investigated by in vitro antioxidant and enzyme assays. Different extraction technologies showed significant differences in only two classes of phenols, namely lignans and phenolic acids, which were significantly higher in HAE than in UAE and MAC. These findings highlight the significant effect of stem and bark extracts of M. lucida, opening the way for innovative industrial exploitation of these matrices.

Selective extraction of biomolecules from Saccharomyces cerevisiae assisted by high-pressure homogenization, pulsed electric fields, and heat treatment: Exploring the effect of endogenous enzymes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains valuable compounds sought by the industry, prompting the exploration of effective extraction methods. Three physical methods were compared—High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH), Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF), and Heat Treatment (HT)—for releasing diverse bioproducts (amino acids, glutathione, proteins, and mannoproteins) from S. cerevisiae. Treatments (HPH: 2 passes at 100 MPa, PEF: 15 kV/cm for 100 μs (44.9 kJ/kg), HT: 60 °C for 5 min) affected over 90% of S. cerevisiae cells. Despite permeabilization, HT exhibited low efficacy in releasing compounds. HPH led to complete cell disruption, extracting maximum glutathione (1.09 ± 0.04 g/100 gdw) and proteins (68.95 ± 0.96 g/100 gdw) after 2 h. PEF facilitated the gradual extraction of low molecular weight compounds while leaving high molecular weight compounds unreleased initially. After 48 h, 72% of the total protein and amino acid content was released through hydrolysis catalyzed by endogenous yeast proteases. Furthermore, 64.1% of mannoproteins were obtained after 72 h of incubation. This study highlights the efficacy, scalability, and industrial potential of HPH and PEF, demonstrating their ability to produce tailored extracts over time and underscoring the significant role of endogenous enzymes in optimizing extraction yields. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing efficiency and sustainability in bioproduct extraction from S. cerevisiae.

Chemical Study of Iraqi Kassub Plant Eryngium creticum Lam and its Geographical Distribution in Diyala Province

General Background: The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants has garnered increasing interest, particularly in relation to their chemical compositions and geographical distributions. Specific Background: This study focuses on Eryngium creticum Lam, an Apiaceae family plant known as Iraqi Kassub, prevalent in the Diyala province of Iraq. Knowledge Gap: Despite its traditional use in treating various ailments, there is a lack of comprehensive chemical analysis and geographical distribution data for this plant. Aims: The objective of this research was to identify the chemical components of Eryngium creticum Lam through GC-MS analysis and to map its geographical distribution within the Diyala province. Results: The chemical study revealed 101 distinct compounds in the alcoholic extract of the plant, highlighting a significant presence of sitosterols and sugars. These compounds are associated with antioxidant properties and therapeutic applications, including the treatment of envenomations, leishmaniasis, and anemia. Novelty: This study is novel in its detailed chemical profiling and geographical mapping of Eryngium creticum Lam, providing new insights into its medicinal value and distribution. Implications: The findings underscore the plant's potential as a therapeutic resource and emphasize the need for further research. Future studies should aim to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds such as phenols and flavonoids and assess their efficacy and safety through in vivo models to validate their therapeutic potential. Highlights: GC-MS identified 101 compounds. Bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties. Mapped geographical distribution in Diyala. Keywords: Eryngium creticum, GC-MS, therapeutic potential, chemical profile, geographical distribution