Dual COF functionalized magnetic MXene composite for enhancing magnetic solid phase extraction of thiophene compounds from oilfield produced waters prior to GC-MS/MS analysis

Abstract

In this study, a novel COFTABT@COFTATp modified magnetic MXene composite (CoFe2O4 @Ti3C2 @COFTABT@COFTATp) was synthesized by Schiff base reaction and irre-versible enol-keto tautomerization, and employed to establish a sensitive monitoring method for six thiophene compounds in oilfield produced water samples based on magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) prior to gas chromatography coupled with a triple quadruple mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The designed magnetic materials exhibited unexpected enrichment ability to target thiophene compounds and achieved good extraction efficiencies ranging from 83 % to 98 %. The developed MSPE/GC-MS/MS method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.001–100 μg L−1, and obtained lower limits of detection ranging from 0.39 to 1.9 ng L−1. The spiked recoveries of thiophene compounds obtained in three oilfield produced water samples were over the range of 96.26 %−99.54 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 3.7 %. Notably, benzothiophene, 4-methyldibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene were detected in three oilfield-produced water samples. Furthermore, the material still kept favorable stability after six recycling experiments. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms as well as adsorption thermodynamics of thiophene compounds were investigated in detail to provide insight into the mechanisms. Overall, the present work contributed a promising strategy for designing and synthesizing new functionalized materials for the enrichment and detection of typical pollutants in the environment.