Doses Of Compost Research Articles

Critical parameters for integrating co-composting of POME and EFB into life cycle assessment models of palm oil production.

Palm oil mill’s co-products (empty fruit bunch – EFB and palm oil mill effluent – POME) management is a matter of concern in Indonesia. Co-composting is a promising waste management practice that would allow a reduction of environmental impact and a restitution of organic matter to the soil. This study is a part of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) project and aims to pinpoint the most environmentally impacting compartments of the palm oil production chain. It deals more specifically with the Life Cycle Inventory of data on the composting process based on site specific data. Data on the recycled biomass, energy demand and yielded compost properties were recorded in an industrial palm oil mill over one year. Due to the local conditions, high nutrient leaching from the compost were recorded and the compost remained very wet and hot (thermophilic phase). The composting process only led to 40% of methane avoidance compared to anaerobic digestion of POME, and the global nutrient recovery efficiency was below 50%. We identified the following critical parameters to increase environmental benefits from composting: i) the POME/FFB ratio from the mill ii) the roofing of the composting platform, iii) the POME/EFB ratio, iv) the turning frequency, v) the recycling of leachates and vi) the process duration and drying period. The nutrient recovery and the doses of compost applied in the field depend on all of those inter-connected parameters. The data presented will be used within LCA models to assess net environmental benefits from various POME and EFB co-composting systems.

The effect of chitosan, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and compost applied individually or in combination on growth, nutrient uptake, and stem anatomy of tomato

This study investigated the effect of chitosan and a complex of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in soil with four doses of compost (C0%, C5%, C10%, and C20%).Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis revealed the interaction of NH2 groups of chitosan with compost nitrogen that was increased by 80% after 24 h of cross-linking. Growth and physiological parameters (root length, fresh and dry biomass of shoot and root, leaf area and Fv/Fm) and biochemical parameters (sugar and protein content) were improved in mycorrhizal plants grown in soil amended with chitosan and 10% of compost (Ch+C10%M+) compared to control plants (ControlC0%M−). This improvement was correlated with the increase of the diameter and the number of xylem vessels of tomato stems. In addition, the application of chitosan and AMF together on plants grown in a poor soil of mineral elements (Ch+C0%M+), increases the stem cortex that is involved in the distribution of minerals.Chitosan application with AMF and 10% of compost was found to be the best treatment for tomato growth. Therefore, adjusting soil with these three bio-fertilizers could be an interesting agricultural tool to help plants adapt in poor soil.

PENGARUH KOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN ABU BOILER DI LAHAN GAMBUT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI SEMANGKA (Citrullus lanatus)

The research aims to obtain a combination of doses of palm oil empty bunches compost (POEBC) and boiler ash to increase the growth and yield of watermelons on peatlands. The experiment was conducted in factorial form using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was POEBC consisting of 4 levels (0; 7,5; 10 and 12,5 ton/ha) and the second factor is boiler ash consisting of 4 levels (0; 2,5; 5 and 7,5 ton/ha), and each combination was repeated 3 times. Parameters observed were plant length, stem diameter, flowering age, the weight of fruit per plant, and yield per plot (15 m2). The results showed that the combination of POEBC dosage 12,5 ton/ha and boiler ash dosage 7,5 ton/ha increased the plant length, stem diameter, the weight of fruit per plant 453%, yield per plot 139% and flowering 8 days faster compared to control (without treatment).

Biodecolorization of Basic Blue 41 using EM based Composts: Isotherm and Kinetics

AbstractThe main goal of this research was to prepare composts from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaves and water hyacinth plant for the remediation of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) bearing wastewaters. The process of composting was performed using Effective Microorganisms (EM) for neem tree leaves (EMLC) and water hyacinth waste (EMWHC). Through preliminary experiments, for biosorption of BB41, 1.18 mm and 2 g/L were identified as the optimum particle size and compost dosage, respectively. The pH edge experiments revealed that pH 8 as optimum for BB41 biosorption and the isotherm experiments indicated that EMLC and EMWHC can biosorb 456.8 and 158.0 mg/g, respectively, according to the Langmuir model. The isotherm data were further examined using the Freundlich, Sips, Toth and Redlich‐Peterson models, with the later produced high R2 values and good prediction. Biosorption of BB41 onto EMLC and EMWHC was rapid with 90% BB41 removal was achieved within first 90 and 120 min of contact, respectively. The biosorbed BB41 was effectively desorbed from EMLC and EMWHC using HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, NaOH and CaCl2 with desorption efficiencies greater than 94%. Both EMLC and EMWHC were also regenerated and re‐used for BB41 biosorption in three consecutive sorption‐desorption cycles.

The Effect of Coffee Pulp Composition with Consortia Variation of Indigenic Bacteria on Plant Growth of Coffee Breeding

This study aimed to determine formula and dosage of coffee pulpcompost that is appropriate to the growth of coffee in the nursery phase. The research treatment was a dose of coffee pulp compost with variations of bacterial consortia, using three treatments and one control including, 1) 150 grams of coffee pulp with variations of KA bacteria consortia, 2) 150 grams of coffee pulp with a variety of KB bacterial consortia, 3) 150 grams of coffee pulpwith a variety of consortia of KC bacteria in each treatment there were six replications. The results of the study were found to have an effect on the growth of coffee seedling height and did not significantly influence the growth of the number of leaves of coffee seedlings. This study gives an indication of formula C with 15 indigen bacterial isolates producing the best compost at dose of 150 grams for robusta coffee nursery.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPOS DAN POSISI LERENG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) DI LAHAN REVEGETASI BEKAS TAMBANG BATUBARA

Reclamation activities are efforts to repair or restore damaged land and vegetation in order to function optimally in accordance with its designation (Government Regulation Number 76 of 2008). The important component in reclamation is revegetation or replanting. Improvements in the quality of land in revegetation need to be done to improve the success of revegetation. Giving organic material is the main key to improving soil layers. This study aims to determine the effect of compost on the growth of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) plants located on peaks, slopes, and valleys. The analytical method used is a randomized block design (RBD) of two factors. The first factor is the topographic position of the peaks, slopes, and valleys. The second factor is the fertilizer dose consisting of a dose of 1 kg, a dose of 2 kg and a dose of 3 kg. The growth assessed is the size of the diameter and height of the plant. Fertilizers used compost. The treatment of compost dosing and slope position significantly affected the increase in the diameter and height of the plant. The dominant compost dose affects the increase in diameter and height of Paraserianthes falcataria.

Enhancement of Volatile Fatty Acids Production from Food Waste by Mature Compost Addition.

Food waste (FW) collected from a university canteen was treated in acidogenic fermenters to produce volatile fatty acids (VFA) under biological pretreatment with mature compost. Batch assays working at pH 6 revealed an increment of 9.0%, 7.9%, and 4.1% (on COD basis) of VFA concentration when adding 2.5%, 3.5%, and 4.5% w/w of mature compost, respectively, even though the volatile solids (VS) concentration of food waste was lower in the tests with increasing doses of mature compost. For batch tests at pH 7, this VFA generation improvement was lower, even though enhanced COD solubilization was recorded. Operating in semi-continuous conditions at 35 °C, pH of 6, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.5 days, the addition of 2.5% w/w of mature compost led to a VFA concentration up to 51.2 ± 12.3% more (on VS basis) when compared to a reference reactor without compost addition. Moreover, the percentage of butyric acid on VS basis in the fermentation broth working at a pH of 6 increased from up to 12.2 ± 1.9% (0% compost addition) to up to 23.5 ± 2.7% (2.5% compost addition). The VFA production was not improved when a higher percentage of mature compost was used (3.5% instead of 2.5% w/w), and it slightly decreased when mature compost addition was lowered to 1.5% w/w. When working at a pH of 7 in the semi-continuous fermenters with the addition of 2.5% w/w mature compost at an HRT of 3.5 days, an improvement of 79% and 104% of the VFA concentration (on VS basis) were recorded as compared to fermenters working at a pH of 6 with 2.5% and 0% w/w of mature compost addition, respectively. At a pH of 7, higher production of propionic and valeric acids was found with respect to the reactor working at a pH of 6. The effect of pH on VFA generation was estimated to have greater contribution than that of only biological pretreatment using mature compost. At a pH of 7, the VFA yield was higher for the fermenter working with 2.5% w/w mature compost but at a pH of 7 and HRT of 5 days, the effect of mature compost on VFA production improvement was lower than that obtained at a pH of 6. Moreover, higher solubilization in terms of soluble chemical oxygen demand and total ammonium was detected when biological pretreatment using mature compost was applied at both a pH of 6 and a pH of 7, which indicates enhanced hydrolysis in both conditions.

RESPONS HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN BEBERAPA DOSIS KOMPOS BATANG PISANG DAN KONSENTRASI AIR CUCIAN BERAS

ABSTRACT The research was determine yield response of tomato plants ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. ) to the giving of several doses of banana stem compost and the concentration of rice washing water. This research was conducted in Pasir village Binangun Waringin Kurung Serang Banten, with used Randomized Completely Block Design as factorial with three repetation. The factor were examined included the compost banana stem: 20 ton ha -1 (60 g polybag -1 ); 25 ton ha -1 (75 g polybag -1 ); 30 ton ha -1 (90 g polybag -1 ), and a dose of rice water, namely: rice water 500 ml+500 ml of water; 750 ml rice water+250 ml of water; 1000 ml rice water. Parameters observed include: number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter and fruit weight per plant. The results showed that the dose of 25 ton ha -1 (75 g polybag -1 ) compost banana stem gave the best effect to the parameters of number of fruits per plant (4.85 fruits), fruit diameter (2.88 cm), and fruit weight plant -1 (87.51 g ). Provision of rice washing water concentration of 1000 ml of rice washing water tend gave better effect to parameter number of fruit plant -1 (4.24 fruit), fruit diameter (2.87 cm), and fruit weight plant -1 (85.10 g). However Between the use of compost banana stems and rice washing water interactions do not occured on the yield of tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. ).

APLIKASI KOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN PUPUK NPKMg TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH ULTISOL DAN KADAR HARA DAUN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Low productivity of oil palm in Ultisol need to resolve by utilizing appropriate input and efficient soil management. Utilization of organic waste materials such as oil palm empty bunches (OPEB) is one of way for that. This research was conducted in Kuantan Singingi, Riau from September 2017 to February 2018. The aim of this research is to having dose of OPEB compost and NPKMg fertilizer that can optimize the value of soil chemical characters and nutrient content in leaves. The study determined the effect of composite oil palm empty bunches with cow manure (2:1(w/w)) and NPKMg (13:6:27:4) fertilizer. The study used a completely randomized design consisting of 6 levels :{(2,25 kg NPKMg), (10 kg OPEB compost + 1,75 kg NPKMg), (20 kg OPEBcompost + 1,5 kg NPKMg), (30 kg OPEBcompost+ 1,25 kg NPKMg), (40 kg OPEBcompost + 1,00 kg NPKMg), (50 kg OPEB compost) per tree}, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Parameters measured include soil chemical characters and nutrient content in leaves. The results of study showed, aplication 50 kg per tree TKKS compost was able to increase soil pH. Aplications (2.25 kg NPKMg, 50 kg TKKS compost, 20 kg compost TKKS + 1.50 kg NPKMg and 30 kg compost TKKS + 1.25 kg NPKMg) per tree can increase base saturation. Each treatment application for fertilization has been tested, given the same effect in all soil chemical characters tested beside pH and KB, and same effect in all leaf nutrient contents tested beside Zn.Key words : Palm Oil, Compost, OilPalmEmptyBunches, NPKMg

Growth and Nutritional Status of Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa, With the Application of Organic Compound in Amazonian Soil

Growth with organic fertilizers has increased in recent years because of the beneficial effect of organic matter on intensely cultivated soils and the high costs of mineral fertilizers. In order to evaluate the effects of organic compost doses produced from family farming waste on the growth and nutritional status of the passion fruit, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, in Belém, State of Pará, in the period from March to June, 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replications, with each experimental plot made up by a pot with a volume of 3.6 dm3 of soil and a yellow passion fruit seedling. Five doses of organic compost (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were tested out of the total volume of the substrate. The compost was formed by mixing 10% poultry litter, 20% duck litter, 15% manioc husk, 15% cassava leaf, 15% bean straw, 15% rice husk, and 10% corn cob. The different amounts of organic compost were mixed in volumetric proportions of substrate of Yellow Latosol with a sandy texture, taken from the surface layer (0-20 cm). It was found that at 97 days, the best results were achieved at the dose of 60% of the compost. The content and accumulation of macronutrients in the foliar tissue of the yellow passion fruit plants followed this descending order: K > N > Ca > P > Mg ≥ S.

PENGARUH KOMBINASI DOSIS KOMPOS GULMA DAN PUPUK SINTETIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

[EFFECT OF WEED COMPOST AND SYNTHETIC FERTILIZER DOSAGE ON TOMATO GROWTH AND YIELD (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)]. The growth and yield of tomato plants are influenced by fertilizer and nutrient content in the soil. This study aims to investigate the effect of a combination of synthetic fertilizer and weed compost on the growth and yield of tomato plants. The study was conducted in November 2016 through June 2017 in Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, at an altitude of ± 10 m above sea level using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of synthetic fertilizer at a rate of 180 kg/ha N, 150 kg/ha P2O5 and 100 kg/ha K2O (control), grass compost 30 , 40 and 50 tons/ha, 50% control + grass compost 15 tons/ha, 50% control + 20 tons/ha grass compost and 50% control + 25 tons/ha grass compost. The results revealed that the vegetative growth of tomato plants fertilized with grass compost 30 tons/ha and a combination of grass compost + 50% control did not differ from control treatment. Tomato yield fertilized with grass compost 30 tons/ha and a combination of 50% control + 15 tons/ha grass compost was higher than the control treatment. Therefore, 15 tons/ha of grass compost can reduce the dose of synthetic fertilizer by 50%.

Mineral and organic fertilization affects Tetranychus urticae, pseudofruit production and leaf nutrient content in strawberry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the population of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae – twospotted spider mite - TSSM) submitted to mineral fertilizer or crescent doses of organic compost (OC) and find its correlation with nitrogen, potassium and phenolic compounds in strawberry leaves. Production were also evaluated. Plants were cultivated in pots, in a greenhouse, for two strawberry crop cycles. Treatments were: mineral fertilization; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kg of OC plant−1, and control (no fertilization). Mobile TSSM forms on young leaves were evaluated. Production were evaluated by weighting ¾ red (mature) pseudofruits. Levels of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and total phenolic content were also measured. Plants cultivated with mineral fertilization had higher TSSM populations and foliar nutrients and lower level of phenols. In the first experiment, a higher incidence of TSSM was observed on mineral fertilized plants and plants fertilized with higher dose of OC, compared to other treatments. In the second experiment, higher TSSM incidence was observed on mineral fertilizer plants compared to 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg of OC plant−1. Positive correlation between foliar nitrogen and TSSM populations and negative correlation between phenolic compounds and TSSM populations were found. Mineral fertilized plants presented higher TSSM population than OC fertilized plants despite of similar levels of N in the leaves. Pseudofruits production were higher with 1.5 OC plant−1 fertilization on both cycles.

Pengaruh Kompos Limbah Sagu Terhadap Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.), dan Karakteristik Sifat Fisik Tanah Serta Populasi Cacing Tanah (Lumbriscus terestris) Dilahan Kering Musim Kemarau

The utilization of sago waste as a source of organic material, namely compost will provide positive values for both plants and soil productivity and reduce the cost of purchasing chicken manure which is increasingly expensive. Research conductedon dry land in the dry seasonat a land plot of header/ tajuk varieties red onionusing the treatment of sago waste compost dosage. The treatment of sago waste compost doses, among others KS 0 = control, KS 1 = 35 t/ha, KS 2 = 70 t/ha dan KS 3 = 105 t/ha. The results showed no significant differences between treatments on the growth parameters of red onion aged 2 MST and 4 MST. However, the dry production parameters show that KS treatment differs only with KS 0. Respectively 11,56 t/ha compared to 9,61 t/ha. The treatment of sago waste compost dosage also has a good effect on decreasing the value of soil bulk density, increasing soil water content and also soil porosity. It is associated with the increased dose of sago waste compost then further increase the number of earthworm populations at different depths in the soil. At a depth of 0-15 cm the highest population of earthworms at KS 3 reached 1,077/ 2m2while KS 0 is only 309/2m2.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kompos Jerami dan Jenis Mulsa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kompos jerami padi dan jenis mulsa pada pertumbuhan dan hasil melon. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Blitar pada bulan Agustus hingga November 2016. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan3 ulangan. Faktor pertama dosis kompos jerami terdiri dari tiga aras, k0: Tanpa kompos jerami, k1: kompos jerami 10 ton/ha; k2: kompos jerami 20 ton / ha. Faktor II: jenis mulsa, terdiri dari tiga aras, m0: Tanpa mulsa; m1: Mulsa jerami; m2: mulsa plastik hitam silver. Pengamatan meliputi: panjang tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (daun), bobot segar dan bobot kering brangkasan (g), bobot buah (kg), diameter buah (cm) dan tebal buah (mm). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjut dengan uji Duncan kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi nyata perlakuan kompos jerami padi (k) dan jenis mulsa (m) terhadap bobot kering tanaman dan bobot segar tanaman. Hasil tertinggi adalah kombinasi perlakuan kompos jerami 20 ton/ha dan mulsa plastik hitam perak (k2m2) dan mampu meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman hingga 26,87% dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa kompos jerami dan tanpa mulsa/kontrol. Dosis kompos jerami padi 20 ton/ha dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil melon lebih baik daripada perlakuan tanpa kompos jerami. Peningkatan hasil berat melon akibat kompos jerami padi adalah 21,59%. Mulsa plastik hitam dan perak dapat meningkatkan hasil melon 15,56% lebih tinggi daripada tanpa mulsa dan meningkat 6,077% lebih tinggi dari mulsa jerami padi.

INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER SAGO COMPOST ON ULTISOLS SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TELAGA KODOK SUB VILLAGE IN HITU VILLAGE OF CENTRAL MALUKU DISTRICT AND THE CORN (Zea Mays Ceratina) CORPS PRODUCTION

This study aims to prove that the giving of organic fertilizer sago compost can improve soil physical properties and improve yields of maize crops on Ultisols. This research was conducted in Telaga Kodok Subvillage, Hitu Village Central of Maluku District in April 2016 until its completion. Soil analysis was conducted at Balai Penelitian Tanah Bogor. This research used Factorial Random Block Design which consist of one factor and repeated three times with compost dosage of sago compost is K0 (no compost), K1 (30 ton/ha), K2 (45 ton/ha), K3 (60 ton/ha ). Giving the ela sago compost can improve soil physical properties that is able to reduce the bulk density (0.73 g/cm3), particle density (1.78 g/cm3) and rapid drainage pores (7.69%) and able to improve/increase moisture content of field capacity (43.91%) and water available pore (17.00%). The ela sago compost as organic fertilizer can increase the yield of corn crop is 89,80 g/plant or 4,28 t/ha. The optimum dosage of ela sago compost as organic fertilizer found to improve soil physical properties and increase the yield of corn crop is 60 t/ha.

Effect of Types and Doses of Compost Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Sawi Plants (Brassica juncea L.).

This study aims to determine the effect of compost types and doses of compost fertilizer and their interactions on the growth and yield of mustard greens. To find out the dosage of compost suitable for mustard plants.The study was conducted in Bukit Makmur Village, Kaliorang District, East Kutai Regency. The research was conducted from May to June 2015. Starting from May 1, 2015 to June 15, 2015.The study used a Factorial 3x4 Complete Randomized Design (RAL) pattern which was repeated 4 (four) times. The first factor is the type of compost fertilizer (K) which consists of 3 (three) levels, namely: cow manure compost (k1), chicken manure compost (k2), and goat manure compost (k3). The second factor was the dose of compost (D) which consisted of 4 (four) levels, namely: without giving doses of compost fertilizer (d0), 35 g / polybag compost (d1), 52.5 g / polybag compost (d2) and 70 g / compost poly bag (d3).The treatment of compost types was significantly different from the wet weight of mustard plants, but it was not significantly different from plant height, number of leaves aged 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting, and dry weight of mustard plants.The treatment of compost dosage was significantly different for plant height, but it was not significantly different from the number of leaves aged 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting, wet weight and dry weight of mustard plants.The interaction between types of compost and the dosage of compost differed significantly from plant height, number of leaves aged 2, 4 and 6 weeks after planting, wet weight and dry weight of mustard plants

Strategy for phytomanagement in an area affected by iron ore dam rupture: A study case in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

In 2015, the Fundão tailing dam collapsed over the district of Bento Rodrigues (Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil) causing deaths, hundreds of homeless families and incalculable environmental degradation. Environmentally, economically and socially sustainable strategies are needed for the recovery of the affected areas. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the development, biomass production and toxic mineral elements absorption of three species of aromatic grasses (Chrysopogon zizanioides, Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon winterianus). These three species were planted on polypropylene pots filled with the iron ore tailings collected from the topsoil of the Bento Rodrigues district. The pots were fertilized with increasing doses of organic compost associated with mycorrhizae as a phytomanagement strategy. A 4 × 2 factorial scheme was used. The seedlings were fertilized with four doses of organic compost, with or without mycorrhizae. At the highest dose of the organic compost (2 kg.plant−1), the total dry matter (dry matter of the aerial part + dry matter of the roots) for C. zizanioides was 4.5 times higher than the control (tailing only). For C. winterianus and C. Citratus was 3.8 and 2.8 times higher than the control, respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhizae improved biomass production, especially in C. zizanioides. The Fe and Mn levels found in the aerial part of the plants fertilized with organic compost were lower than those just growing on the iron ore tailings for the three species, which suggest that the organic matter apparently helped the plants in the exclusion of the hazardous substances and therefore increased the tolerance to these adverse environmental conditions. C. zizanioides, associated with organic matter and mycorrhizae, would be the recommended species. The proposed phytomanagement strategy can have a significant contribution to the gradual recovery of the affected area and also serve as a source of income for the local population.

PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL STROBERI ORGANIK DI KOTA TOMOHON

ABSTRACT Study on compost utilization to support organic strawberry production in Tomohon has been performed to promote the use of compost (mixture of chicken manure and rice husk) in organic strawberry and to determine the compost dosage producing highest strawberry yield. Completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 (four) replicates has been performed to apply various compost levels, namely 60 t/ha (SPo), 60 t/ha (SP1), 120 t/ha (SP2), 180 t/ha (SP3), and 240 t/ha (SP4). Data analysis has been conducted by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference Test. The results revealed the significant yield differences among treatments. The highest result (28 fruits/ pot having 174.64 gram weight) was found in SP3 compost level (180 t/ha).Key words: compost, agricultural land Rurukan Tomohon, strawberries

Combination urea and compost fertilizer with different defoliation affected corn and peanut production based on integrated farming system

This research was aimed to study the effect of combination of compost and urea fertilizer, leaf defoliation intercropping system of corn and peanut crop. This study was conducted for 4 months and designed by Separate Plot Design. Defoliation of leaves under cob is main plot and combination of urea and compost doses is subplot. The treatments are as follows; main plot d0 = Without defoliation (control); d1 = 50% Defoliation; d2 = 100% Defoliation and combination of Urea and Compost doses; Subplot; p0 = 250 kg Urea/ha + 3 tons of compost/ha; p1 = 230 kg Urea/ha + 6 tons of compost/ha p2 = 210 kg Urea/ha + 9 tons of compost/ha; p3 = 190 kg Urea/ha + 12 tons of compost/ha. Each combination is repeated three times so that the total number is 36 plot experiments. Data were analyzed by using variance analysis and analysis of continuation test of least significance different (LSD). The results showed that the combination of fertilization is the same dry shelled corn production and dry peanut. d1 treatment and its interaction could increase dry production of shelled corn and peanut. Intercropping of corn and peanut is feasible to be cultivated in an integrated farming system.

The addition of compost and arbuscular mycorrhiza to the growth of Artemisia annua in middle altitude plain

Artemisia annua L. is a plant with high artemisin in contents which can treat malaria disease. A proper cultivation method is necessary to improve its growth and development in middle altitude plain. Organic materials addition such as compost increases plant growth. This research aimed to know the effect of compost and mycorrhiza to the growth of Artemisia annua in middle altitude plain. The research method used Completely Randomized Design with two factors and 3 replications. The first factor is compost dosage with 4 levels 0, 40, 60, 80 g/plant and mycorrhiza dosage with 3 levels: 0, 10 and 20 g/plant. Observed variables included plant height, number of branches, age of flower emerges, root volume, root length, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant and mycorrhiza infection percentage. The research results showed that treatment of compost 40 g/plant resulted in the highest plant height, number of branches, fresh weight and dry weight of plant, the addition of 20 g/plant mycorrhiza gave the highest plant height, the number of branches and mycorrhizae infections percentage but has the lowest yield of fresh weight and dry weight of plant and there is no interactions were found between dosage of compost and mycorrhiza.