Se Composition Research Articles

Investigation on the Surface Properties of Annealed Copper Selenide Thin Films with Various Compositional Ratios

Copper‐based metal chalcogenides are versatile materials used for a variety of electronic devices, yet realizing the full scope of copper‐based composite materials is hindered by limited understanding of their chemical properties. In this work, copper selenide thin films (TFs) are fabricated using radio frequency (RF) magnetron co‐sputtering to investigate the effects of composition and annealing temperature on the films. The surface composition of the TFs is examined using energy dispersive X‐Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the unannealed films, an increase in Se composition leads to smaller grain sizes and smoother surfaces. The influence of higher Se content on the dispersive surface free energy (SFE) is shown through contact angle measurements. Work functions (WFs), determined by Kelvin probe (KP) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), rose with increasing Se content. After annealing, the TFs exhibited opposite trends. As the films transitioned from an amorphous to a crystalline phase due to annealing, their roughness significantly increased.

As‐Doped Polycrystalline CdSeTe: Localized Defects, Carrier Mobility and Lifetimes, and Impact on High‐Efficiency Solar Cells

AbstractThe efficiency potential for single‐junction photovoltaics (PV) is described by the detailed balance model, which requires the elimination of nonradiative recombination and perfect minority carrier collection. Improvements in GaAs, Si, and perovskite PV follow this model. It might be more complex for CdTe, a leading thin‐film PV technology. While lifetime, passivation, and doping goals for 25% efficient CdTe solar cells are largely reached, voltage is ≈20% below the detailed balance limit. Why is that? In Se‐alloyed CdSexTe1‐x (Se is required for >20% efficiency) additional losses can occur due to electrostatic and bandgap fluctuations and due to electronic trap states. To understand mechanisms limiting CdSeTe solar cell performance and to suggest improvements, carrier dynamics, and transport in CdSexTe1‐x with variation in Se composition and as doping is analyzed. It is shown that trapping, likely due to anion‐site defects and their complexes, is correlated with low charge carrier mobility of 0.1–0.6 cm2 (Vs)−1. Even with 1000 ns charge carrier lifetimes, carrier diffusion length is less than the absorber thickness, reducing efficiency to ≈23%. Device simulations are used to analyze the performance of CdSexTe1‐x solar cells; thermodynamic models are not sufficient for absorbers with electronic disorder and trapping.

Biocompatible 2D SnSe Nanoflake Employed Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B

AbstractIn this article, we report the results of the photocatalytic effect of the cost effective grown SnSe nanoparticles (NPs), nanoflakes (NFs), nanoflowers (NFLs) on the toxic water contaminant dye of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation different duration time. The results showed that for the degradation of 99 %, 96 % and 94 % of the RhB have been occurred in presence of NFs, NFLs, NPs, respectively for the irradiation time of 30 min, 45 min, 65 min, respectively. Before photocatalytic test, the grown SnSe were characterised optically and structurally. The nanoparticles, nano flakes, nanoflowers morphology along with atomic composition of Sn and Se were observed from FESEM images and EDAX analysis. The direct band gap of the NPs, NFs, NFLs was calculated from UV‐VIS spectrum and found to be 1.89 eV, 1.78 eV, 1.7 eV, respectively. The crystal structure showed orthorhombic crystal phase with nanocrystal sizes varies from 22 nm to 31 nm. The Scavenger test in presence of the scavenging elements BQ, IPA, ethanol and EDTA have been discussed. The stability test showed that SnSe NFs is a good and stable catalysis for practical applications. The effect of the NFs, NPs, NFLs on red blood cell showed that all the tested SnSe nanostructures had <2 % hemolysis, suggesting their hemocompatible nature.

Precursor-Confined Chemical Vapor Deposition of 2D Single-Crystalline SexTe1-x Nanosheets for p-Type Transistors and Inverters.

Two-dimensional (2D) tellurium (Te) is emerging as a promising p-type candidate for constructing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) architectures. However, its small bandgap leads to a high leakage current and a low on/off current ratio. Although alloying Te with selenium (Se) can tune its bandgap, thermally evaporated SexTe1-x thin films often suffer from grain boundaries and high-density defects. Herein, we introduce a precursor-confined chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for synthesizing single-crystalline SexTe1-x alloy nanosheets. These nanosheets, with tunable compositions, are ideal for high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) and 2D inverters. The preformation of Se-Te frameworks in our developed CVD method plays a critical role in the growth of SexTe1-x nanosheets with high crystallinity. Optimizing the Se composition resulted in a Se0.30Te0.70 nanosheet-based p-type FET with a large on/off current ratio of 4 × 105 and a room-temperature hole mobility of 120 cm2·V-1·s-1, being eight times higher than thermally evaporated SexTe1-x with similar composition and thickness. Moreover, we successfully fabricated an inverter based on p-type Se0.30Te0.70 and n-type MoS2 nanosheets, demonstrating a typical voltage transfer curve with a gain of 30 at an operation voltage of Vdd = 3 V.

Photoelectric Properties of GaS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Layered Crystals.

In this study, the photoelectric properties of a complete series of GaS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) layered crystals are investigated. The photoconductivity spectra indicate a decreasing bandgap of GaS1-xSex as the Se composition x increases. Time-resolved photocurrent measurements reveal a significant improvement in the response of GaS1-xSex to light with increasing x. Frequency-dependent photocurrent measurements demonstrate that both pure GaS crystals and GaS1-xSex ternary alloy crystals exhibit a rapid decrease in photocurrents with increasing illumination frequency. Crystals with lower x exhibit a faster decrease in photocurrent. However, pure GaSe crystal maintains its photocurrent significantly even at high frequencies. Measurements for laser-power-dependent photoresponsivity and bias-voltage-dependent photoresponsivity also indicate an increase in the photoresponsivity of GaS1-xSex as x increases. Overall, the photoresponsive performance of GaS1-xSex is enhanced with increasing x, and pure GaSe exhibits the best performance. This result contradicts the findings of previous reports. Additionally, the inverse trends between bandgap and photoresponsivity with increasing x suggest that GaS1-xSex-based photodetectors could potentially offer a high response and wavelength-selectivity for UV and visible light detection. Thus, this work provides novel insights into the photoelectric characteristics of GaS1-xSex layered crystals and highlights their potential for optoelectronic applications.

Exogenous selenium foliar application on nutrition, grain yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Selenium (Se) supplementation through plant-based foods is easy to implement and effective; therefore, it is important to explore the Se-enrichment ability of staple grains and analyze their quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of foliar application of Se on the quality, Se-enriched capacity, organic Se composition and content of rice under field cultivation. The results showed that exogenous Se application at 80 mg L−1 contributed the most to the yield, and eight elements differed accordingly to the application of Se, promoted the accumulation of Se-containing organic matter in rice grain. This indicates that rational foliar application of Se can effectively improve the quality of rice grains. Moreover, selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocysteine (SeCys2), and Se-methylselenocysteine (Se-MeSeCys) are important components of Se-enriched in hydrolyzed proteins in grains. Based on these results, foliar spraying of Se is a suitable method to supplement rice with additional Se and can improve the yield and quality of rice grains, particularly the quality of organic Se and Se-containing amino acids.

Ultrafast and thermally stable ternary Ge0.33SexSy ovonic threshold switching selector using magnetron sputtering

3D cross–point memory, with its cost efficiency and simple structure, has gained attention and commercial success. In this memory architecture, chalcogenide–based ovonic threshold (OTS) selectors are promising due to their fast, volatile, and reliable transition without altering their amorphous structure. GeS–based OTs selectors have recently emerged as potential candidates due to their thermal stability and high Ion. However, Ge1−xSx selectors suffer from slow switching times (ton of 10 – 15 ns and toff of 20 – 100 ns), hindering fast data processing. To address this, synthesizing Ge1−xSex into Ge1−xSx is proposed as an effective method, as it reduces the activation energy (Ea) of Ge0.33SexSy, resulting in shorter ton. This study presents a thermally stable and ultrafast OTS selector based on Ge0.33SexSy (0.22 ≤ x ≤ 0.55) films. There films remain amorphous after annealing at 600 °C. the device with the highest Se composition (x = 0.55) exhibits a short ton of 6 ns and toff of 13 ns. Ge0.33SexSy devices show varying Vth (3.6 to 2.8 V) as the Se/S ratio increases, along with low Ioff (up to 1.2 nA). Further analysis using a modified Pool–Frenekl model reveals crucial parameters, and optical properties changes as the Se/S ratio increases. This ultrafast and thermally stable OTS selector promises outstanding performance for X–point memory architecture.

Biologically active selenium nanoparticles composited with Bacillus licheniformis extracellular polymeric substances fermented from cane molasses

Organic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are attracting great interest due to their unique properties and potential applications in the food industry. In this study, a novel form of SeNPs was synthesized by using Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC 2876 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fermented from waste cane molasses. The morphology of EPS-SeNPs was spherical with an average size of 141.8 nm and a zeta potential of −51.77 mV, and the concentration of Se reached 107.43 mg/g. Additionally, the EPS-SeNPs exhibited good stability in aqueous solution for 7 days and were resistant to the digestion of simulated gastric fluid. The zero-valent Se composition and C–O⋯Se asymmetric stretch were characterized in the EPS-SeNPs. A synthesis mechanism of EPS-SeNPs was hypothesized. Moreover, the biological activities of the EPS-SeNPs synthesized from EPS were evaluated. The EPS-SeNPs exhibit antioxidant activity in scavenging ·OH, DPPH and ·O2− free radicals with abilities <90% in the range of 0.25–4 g/L and inhibit 50% of formed radicals (IC50) values of 1.18, 13.71 and 1.93 g/L, respectively. EPS-SeNPs also exhibit excellent antibacterial activity, which could inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (>80%) in vitro with the EPS-SeNPs concentrations higher than 1000 μg/mL.

Compositional dependence of physical parameters of Sb-doped InSe nanochalcogenide alloys

ABSTRACT InSe is a III-VI semiconducting layered compound having potential applications in memories, solar cells, infrared sensors, switching devices and optical fibers. In this article various physical parameters of In0.1Se0.9-x Sb x (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12) chalcogenide alloy depending on the varying composition of Se and Sb are discussed. The physical parameters include the theoretical calculations of average coordination number, number of constraints, floppy modes, number of lone pair electrons, deviation of stoichiometry, average heat of atomization, mean bond energy, density, molar volume, compactness, cohesive energy, electronegativity, energy band gap, conduction and valance band energy and glass transition temperature. The number of lone pair electrons and floppy modes is found to decrease, whereas the average coordination number, mean bond energy, average heat of atomization and density are found to increase with increasing Sb content. The theoretical values of glass transition temperature are calculated using the Tichy-Ticha and Lankhorst approach.

Analytical Modeling and Optimization of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells with the Use of Quantum Wells under the Radiative Limit.

In this work, we present a theoretical study on the use of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 quantum wells in Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells to enhance device efficiency. The role of different well thickness, number, and S/(S + Se) composition values is evaluated. The physical mechanisms governing the optoelectronic parameters are analyzed. The behavior of solar cells based on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 without quantum wells is also considered for comparison. Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 quantum wells with a thickness lower than 50 nm present the formation of discretized eigenstates which play a fundamental role in absorption and recombination processes. Results show that well thickness plays a more important role than well number. We found that the use of wells with thicknesses higher than 20 nm allow for better efficiencies than those obtained for a device without nanostructures. A record efficiency of 37.5% is achieved when 36 wells with a width of 50 nm are used, considering an S/(S + Se) well compositional ratio of 0.25.

Ternary Ni–Co–Se Nanostructure for Electrocatalytic Oxidative Value Addition of Biomass Platform Chemicals

Electrocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation became a prime research topic in the last decade since H2 is a clean source of energy and combustion as it does not produce CO2. Conventional electrolysis is associated with the formation of oxygen via the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. This kinetically sluggish multistep four-electron transfer OER process needs additional energy to split water. Substitution of the OER process by the easily oxidizable substrate oxidation reaction could be a lucrative way to get H2 at a much lower potential budget than the conventional one. Biomass-derived chemicals like bioalcohols (methanol, ethanol, glycerol (GlyOH), butanol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) obtained from hydrolysis or fermentation of biomass) could be easily oxidized to value-added commodity chemicals like formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, acetone, and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) at the anode part of the electrolyzer. Thermodynamically, the bond dissociation energy of “C–H” and “O–H” bonds of these organic substrates is much lower than the “O–H” bond dissociation energy of water. So, to make the overall substrate oxidation reaction kinetically more feasible, an efficient electrocatalyst needs to be developed. Herein, we present a noble metal-free Ni1–xCoxSe electrocatalyst for efficient and selective conversion of alcohol molecules to value-added commodity chemicals. Particularly, Ni0.9Co0.1Se composition showed the best substrate oxidation activity compared to pristine NiSe, CoSe, and other state-of-the-art catalysts. The substrate scope is verified with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol (EGOH), GlyOH, and malic acid. Both experimental and theoretical understanding (DFT) established the fact that Co doping manipulates the NiII → NiIII OOH redox chemistry and accelerates the formation of active hypervalent Ni(Co)OOH species at a lower potential budget than NiOOH. For all catalyses, Ni0.9Co0.1Se shows superior activity with 80–100% product conversion along with a Faradaic yield of 80–95%.

Large-area epitaxial growth of 2D ZrS2(1−x)Se2x semiconductor alloys with fully tunable compositions and bandgaps for optoelectronics

Bandgap engineering of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is significant for broadening their applications in electronics and optoelectronics devices. Herein, we report the new epitaxial growth of large-area uniform ZrS2(1−x)Se2x alloy films with fully tunable composition on sapphire substrates via a facile single-step chemical vapor deposition method. The ZrS2(1−x)Se2x alloys exhibit good single crystallinity and epitaxial quality, as well as uniform elemental distribution, and the epitaxial relationship with the substrate is determined to be ZrS2(1−x)Se2x (0001)[10-10]∥sapphire (0001)[11-20]. The bandgap of ZrS2(1−x)Se2x alloy exhibits a pronounced bowing behavior with continuously tunable bandgaps from 1.86 to 1.15 eV, depending on the Se composition. The ZrS2(1−x)Se2x-based photodetectors demonstrate a sensitive photoresponse to visible light with a fast response time of ∼100 µs, and their performances are significantly improved as the Se composition decreases. This work provides an efficient way to synthesize ZrS2(1−x)Se2x alloys with fully tunable bandgaps, providing great flexibility in designing TMD-based optoelectronic devices.

Leaching Behavior of the Main Metals from Copper Anode Slime during the Pretreatment Stage of the Kaldor Furnace Smelting Process

The Kaldor furnace smelting process is currently the mainstream process for treating copper anode slime, but the existence of copper, tellurium and other impurities has adverse effects on the recovery of gold and silver during the Kaldor furnace smelting stage. Therefore, it is necessary to pretreat the copper anode slime to remove these impurities before Kaldor furnace reduction smelting. However, the current pretreatment process of copper anode slime generally has the problem of low removal efficiency of copper and tellurium, and little research on the occurrence state of main metals in copper anode slime. Therefore, this study quantitatively determined the phase composition of Cu, Te, Pb, Bi, As, Sb, Se, Ag and Au, and hydrogen peroxide was introduced to enhance the leaching of impurities. The leaching behavior of each metal in copper anode slime was investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that Cu and Te in the copper anode slime mainly exist in the form of CuO and CuSO4 and Te and AuTe2, respectively. More than 99% of the Cu and 97% of the Te were leached out using 250 g/L H2SO4 and 28.8 g/L H2O2 with a leaching pressure of 0.8 MPa at 150 °C for 2 h, while the leaching of Au and Ag was both &lt; 0.03%. The removal of Cu and Te and the enrichment of precious metals were achieved. This study provides a rich theoretical reference for the optimization of the Kaldor furnace process.

Використання наночастинок і нанотехнологій у картоплярстві

Goal. To analyze the literature data and the results of their own research on the use of nanoparticles and nanotechnologies in potato growing, as well as the results of the combined use of nanoparticles and microbial preparations. Methods. Analysis of literature, virological, microbiological, instrumental, field experiment, biochemical, statistical, and economic analysis. Results. Nanoparticles with virulicidal, bactericidal and fungicidal activity, as well as those that stimulate the growth of bacteria, were determined in vitro. Thus, Ti nanoparticles, the composition of Se + I nanoparticles, and the drug «Avatar-2 Zahyst» obtained by the nanotechnological method had virulicidal activity against the phytopathogenic virus Potato virus Y in the conditions of vegetation experiments. Using the method of transmission electron microscopy, it was established that Ti nanoparticles can concentrate around Potato virus Y virions and adsorb on their surface, this can be a potential explanation for their virulicidal activity. Zn nanoparticles exhibit bactericidal activity against strains of beneficial soil bacteria Bacillus subtilis IMV B7023 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens ICM B306 (2687) and a strain of bacteria pathogenic for potatoes — Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Ac1995, reducing their titer by 100%. The composition of Se + I nanoparticles to one degree or another increases the titer of all tested strains of beneficial soil and phytopathogenic bacteria, in particular the strain Bacillus subtilis IMV B7023, which is one of the bioagents of the microbial preparation «Azogran», by 8.46–20.36%. Also, the composition of Se + I nanoparticles showed the strongest antifungal activity, reducing the diameter of colonies of strains of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. 072 by 25.26–51.75%, Acremonium cucurbitacearum 502 — by 78.95–94.22, and Acremonium strictum 048 — by 52.67–75.00%, as well as the number of colonies of the strain Acremonium cucurbitacearum 502 — by 60,00-86.67%. These properties of nanoparticles, their compositions, and the drug «Avatar-2 Zahyst» were tested in the conditions of a field experiment, and the combined use of nanoparticles with the microbial drug «Azogran» was also investigated. The drug «Avatar-2 Zahyst» was effective against viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases. The combination of the drug «Azogran» with the composition of Se+I nanoparticles turned out to be the best, reducing the frequency of establishment of bacterial and fungal diseases and the degree of their damage, increasing the marketability of tubers, yield, and improving other indicators. In this option, the highest calculated profitability, the value of which was 111.7 and 75.8% in two areas, which is more than in the control by 57.7 and 41.5%, respectively. Among other options, it is worth highlighting the composition of Se + I nanoparticles and the drug «Azogran», however, their effects individually were smaller than in combination. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the composition of Se+I nanoparticles, «Avatar-2 Zahyst» and «Azogran» preparations for the control of potato infectious diseases and the prospects of their use in potato cultivation technology were proven. The positive effect of the composition of Se + I nanoparticles and the drug «Azogran» on the marketability of tubers and yield was shown. The synergy between the composition of Se + I nanoparticles and the drug «Azogran» was established. The most promising was the combined use of nanoparticles and microbial preparations in the technology of growing potatoes.

Determinants Affecting the Performance of CZTSSe: Antisite Defects and Multiple Quantum Confinement for Photon-Sensitive Devices

For its earth availability and non-toxicity, kesterite (CZTS, CZTSe and CZTSSe) material has gained much importance in photon-sensitive(PS) applications. Additionally, effect of multiple carrier confinement adds the performance of the devices.The high <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\textit {oc}} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> deficit in chalcogenide materials is caused by structural antisite defects. The use of carrier confinement using Quantum Wells with CZTSSe and CZTS as well and barrier material has been investigated in this study. The defect distribution on the CZTS material and the effects of creating more potential wells with variations in the (S,Se) composition of CZTSSe is explored. The analsysis has a substantial influence on the electrical and optical properties of the absorber layer. The quantum efficiency is also calculated in order to observe sensitivity of device w.r.t solar spectrum. A comparative analysis is performed between four major aspects: first, the performance of with and without defect structures, second, the compositional change of S,Se in CZTSSe material, third, the growth in the number of QWs, and finally, the variation in defect density. According to the findings of the study, recombination in the barrier region has a significant impact in the performance of QW structures, particularly higher QW structures. According to the acquired results, at a defect density on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> , a range of nearly 16 to 18% efficiency has been achieved for the 70QW structure for various CZTSSe compositions.

Synthesis conditions, crystal structure and magnetic properties of Mn–Tm–Se selenides

Single-phase compositions in the MnSe–TmSe quasi-binary section have been synthesized by the method of reactions in the solid phase. The crystal structure of polycrystalline powders has been studied in CuKα-radiation. It was found that the samples in the concentration range 0  x  0.7 have a cubic structure of the space group Fm m3 . An increase in the concentration of Tm cations in the Mn1–xTmxSe compositions leads to an increase in the unit cell parameter a from 0.547 nm for the Mn0.975Tm0.025Se compound to 0.566 nm for the Mn0.3Tm0.7Se composition. Thin layers of Mn1–xTmxSe solid solutions were synthesized by the flash method on optically transparent glass substrates. The film thicknesses are in the range of values from 0.8 to 3.2 µm. It has been established that Mn1–xTmxSe films also have the system NaCl, S.G.: Fm m3 . The composition of the Mn1–xTmxSe films corresponds to the chemical composition of the MnSe–TmSe charge powders. In the temperature range ~ 80–900 K, the va lues of the specific magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of the studied selenides were measured. The results obtained make it possible to determine the temperature regimes for the synthesis of new magnetic semiconductor substances, including those in the film state. The synthesized substances can be used in multifunctional microelectronic devices, as well as in the development of new materials capable of operating in wide temperature ranges and under the influence of external magnetic fields.

Impact of structure complexity on optoelectronic and non-linear optical properties in quaternary Ag(Pb)–Ga(In)–Si(Ge)–S(Se) systems

A common feature of chalcogenide crystals is the presence of the chalcogen-chalcogen bonds, which result in very stable anion sub-structures (blocks) containing up to eight chalcogenide ions with the electric charge − 2 in units of the proton charge like systems [PS4]3-, [SiS4]4-, [GeS4]4-, [GeSe5]4-, [Ge2Se6]6-. The size of anion blocks, their mutual arrangement and chemical bonds between them consequently determine the optical and detection properties. By modifying the chemical composition with subsequent use of the laser irradiation, it is possible to change crystal optoelectronic properties in a wide spectral range. In the work, we discuss the influence of the structural properties on the stability, electronic, optical and nonlinear-optical efficiency for the group of quaternary chalcogenide crystals with Ag(Pb)–Ga(In)–Si(Ge)–S(Se) composition, that have already found practical applications in IR optoelectronics and non-linear optics. The presented analysis of chemical composition-structure - nonlinear optical properties relationship can be useful for the creation of effective quaternary crystals for nonlinear optics application.

Recent Advancements in Selenium-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries: A Mini-Review

Selenium (Se)-based cathode materials have garnered considerable interest for lithium-ion batteries due to their numerous advantages, including low cost, high volumetric capacity (3268 mAh cm−3), high density (4.82 g cm−3), ability to be cycled to high voltage (4.2 V) without failure, and environmental friendliness. However, they have low electrical conductivity, low coulombic efficiency, and polyselenide solubility in electrolytes (shuttle effect). These factors have an adverse effect on the electrochemical performance of Li-Se batteries, rendering them unsuitable for real-world use. In this study, we briefly examined numerous approaches to overcoming these obstacles, including selecting an adequate electrolyte, the composition of Se with carbonaceous materials, and the usage of metal selenide base electrodes. Furthermore, we examined the effect of introducing interlayers between the cathode and the separator. Finally, the remaining hurdles and potential study prospects in this expanding field are proposed to inspire further insightful work.

Epitaxial Orientation Angle Tuned Disk-on-Rod Nanoheterostructures for Boosting Charge Transfer.

Controlling the compositions of Se(VI) and Te(VI) ions in a 2D disk on 1D structures of Sb(V) chalcogenides, disk-on-rod heterostructures having three different epitaxial angles with different surface facets are reported. Te injection temperature determined the composition, ensuring heterostructure formation with trigonal Sb2SexTe3-x disks on orthorhombic Sb2Se3 rods having orientation angles 180°, 135°, and 90°. The growth kinetics of disks connected at one/two heads of parent rods is manipulated using an Se precursor as a limiting reagent. Theoretical calculations established the energy minimization of different orientations, their possible formation, and suitability in energy transfer applications. Electrochemical measurements were also in agreement with theoretical calculations. Hence, this is a case study of advanced modular synthesis of disk-on-rod nanostructures, leading a step further in nanocrystal engineering for more desirable complex structures and their charge transfer property.

Remarkable Effect of Fe and Se Composition on Magnetic Properties─Comparative Study of the Fe–Se System at the Nanoscale

Remarkable Effect of Fe and Se Composition on Magnetic Properties─Comparative Study of the Fe–Se System at the Nanoscale