Paint Composition Research Articles

Peculiarities of china painting of the Budy Porcelain Factory on the example of Boris Pianyda’s works (1970s — 1990s)

The purpose of this article is to study the artistic language of Borys Pianyda, a well-known master of Ukrainian decorative painting. As the main ele-ments of the artistic language, we consider: 1) formal connections in a work of art; 2) composition and plastic language of painting; 3) figurative and stylistic features.
 Borys Petrovych Pianyda (1938–2020) is a well-known master of decorative painting, who devoted his entire creative life to the production of faience art products. His art is a vivid example of the author’s creativity. Many of the artist’s works became well-known and were widely distributed in thousands of copies. His painting is very recognizable; Borys Pianyda is characterized by a special author’s artistic style of decoration.
 For modern art history analysis, its ensemble painting is of great importance. It is primarily associated with the decoration of china and complex faience products. The artist very often had to develop a special style of decor that could be applied to products of various shapes.
 The methodology. To study the problem and disclose research tasks, we applied: the method of comparative analysis; methods for analyzing the form and composition of artistic painting. The historical-chronological method was used as a spe-cial method.
 The results. Our analysis of the main decor criteria on the example of the services of the 1970s — 1990s allows us to note the special nature of artistic and figurative generalization. This author’s style of B. Pianyda has obvious features of the ensemble and expresses the author’s vision of the stylistic unity of decoration. In general, we single out several of the most characteristic types of ensemble painting. 1. Ensembles of flat type. This is a special type of painting, when the decoration covers the forms of products as tightly as possible. 2. Ensembles with dominance of symbols and images. This type is characterized by the use of one (sometimes two) key image-signs (for example, a fading flower). 3. An important type is the ensemble story. In the creative palette of B. Pianyda’s murals, this is a completely separate topic, it is extremely authorial and subjective. The narrative is typical for the artists of decorative and applied painting of the second half of the XX century. Also, this trait can be considered a characteristic of a whole generation of artists. However, B. Pianyda’s ensembles-stories have many special features that are worthy of separate consideration. 4. Finally, formal ensemble murals are distinguished by the fact that their decorative program develops the ideas of the dominance of the form of murals over the plot.
 The scientific novelty. Creativity of Borys Pianyda in this research context is considered for the first time. The features of his professional painting language as a systemic artistic phenomenon have not been studied before.

Improving the Protective Properties of Paints and Varnishes by Optimizing the Coating System

The physical and mechanical properties, moisture capacity, adhesion to the substrate of films of various compositions of paints and varnishes have been studied. It has been established that enamels applied over a layer of phosphating primers on the surface of metals exhibit the best protective properties. Coating systems with phosphating primers have high continuity, better physical and mechanical properties, and adhesion to the surface of the metal being protected from corrosion.

Rheological properties of colloidal suspensions of alumina nanofibers

We have studied the rheological properties of colloidal suspensions based alumina nanofibers (ANF) with a mass fraction of 0.125–2 wt%. The ANFs used in this work are stand out by a high aspect ratio L/D ∼ 106–107 (dry ANF before dispersion) and ease of dispersion due to the self-organized aligned structure of ANF, which is characteristic of our synthesis method. It was shown that ANF suspensions are characterized by high colloidal stability, zeta potential has a significant dependence on ANF volume fraction. ANF have a strong effect on the shear viscosity of colloidal suspensions; non-Newtonian behavior is observed in suspensions with an ANF mass fraction of 0.5 wt%. A comprehensive study of the propagation of ultrasound in ANF suspensions was carried out. Based on experimental results on the scattering of ultrasound in suspensions and theoretical calculations, data on the bulk viscosity of ANF suspensions were obtained for the first time. The results of the study allow us to judge the possibility of using ANF as a promising fibrous additive to optimize the rheological properties of suspensions for various technical purposes, which include drilling muds, paint and varnish compositions, concrete-cement mixtures.

ОЦЕНКА ТРЕЩИНОСТОЙКОСТИ ЗАЩИТНО-ДЕКОРАТИВНЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПОРИСТОСТИ ПОДЛОЖКИ

The issue of assessing the stress state of protective and decorative coatings, depending on the porosity in the contact zone "coating-substrate" is considered. Several schemes are considered: the absence of pores, the pores are filled with a paint composition, the pores are not filled with a paint composition. To assess the stress state of the coatings, the SCAD Office software module is used. It has been established that the presence of pores in the contact zone leads to the appearance of a more inhomogeneous stress state. When a pore is filled with a paint composition, the maximum stresses in the coating occur in the zone of contact between the coating and the substrate. In the absence of filling the pores with paint, the maximum stresses occur on the surface of the coating. The influence of the substrate on the change in the values of internal thermal stresses is revealed. Stresses in coatings on a claydite-concrete substrate are significantly lower compared to the use of heavy concrete as a substrate. The ratio of maximum thermal stresses and long-term cohesive strength is analyzed. It is established that cracking is possible in the polymer lime coating from the action of temperature stresses in the period from August to January

Regularity of colour statistics in explaining colour composition preferences in art paintings

This study explores the role of colour statistics in painting preferences and tests the ‘matching-to-nature’ hypothesis which posits that the preference for the colour composition of paintings depends on the extent to which the paintings resemble the colour statistics of natural scenes. A preference judgement experiment was conducted with 31,353 participants using original and hue-rotated versions of 1,200 paintings. Multiple regression analyses were performed between the measured preferences and paintings’ colour statistics to reveal which colour statistics explained the preference data and to what extent. The colour statistics of art paintings that explained the preference data were compared to the colour statistics of natural scenes. The results identified the colour statistics that significantly contributed to explaining painting preferences, and the distributions of the paintings’ colour statistics systematically differed from those of natural scenes. These findings suggest that the human visual system encodes colour statistics to make aesthetic judgements based on the artistic merit of colour compositions, and not on their similarity to natural scenes.

Characterizing paint technologies and recipes in Levantine and Schematic rock art: El Carche site as a case study (Jalance, Spain).

This paper contributes to current debates on the technologies and practices of prehistoric artists using the rock art site of el Carche (Jalance, Spain) as a case study. The site preserves both Levantine and Schematic paintings, yet poorly understood from an analytical point of view. In the past, it has even been argued how little differentiation there is between these two post-Paleolithic traditions in terms of paint composition. Our aim with this paper was to identify pigments, paint recipes and technologies and decipher the order of the superimpositions, both between Levantine motifs of different styles, and between these and the Schematic ones. To do so, we adopted a multi-stage and multi-technical analytical strategy, trying to find a balance between sound scientific investigation and impact on the art, considering the irreplaceable nature of this World Heritage rock art. As such, our approach begins with in situ non-invasive investigations using portable EDXRF, to then collect micro-samples for non-destructive analyses by means of Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). One of the key highlights of these paper is the identification of up to four different paint compositions, produced with various hematite-based raw materials and different processing techniques. This variability had not been previously documented. Interestingly though, no direct correlations appear to exist between styles or sub-styles and recipes. Some of these paint mixtures were even shared by both traditions. These results are discussed in cultural terms, challenging previous interpretations suggesting a similar pigment composition between Levantine and Schematic art. Microstratigraphic analysis of the cross-sections only partially clarified the overlapping sequence unveiling the complexity of these analysis. They also revealed several degradation layers and external crusts related to rock alteration processes and biological formations. Their role in rock art conservation is also discussed.

Effects of currently used marine antifouling paint biocides on green fluorescent proteins in Anemonia viridis.

Some of the antifouling booster biocides affects the marine ecosystem negatively. The booster biocides that are resistant to degradation are accumulated in the sediment of the oceans. One of the sedentary organisms in the Mediterranean Sea is Anemonia viridis. This study aims at showing the toxicities of common biocides such as irgarol, seanine-211, zinc omadine, and acticide on the fluorescence by GFPs of A. viridis. The decreases in the fluorescence intensities of the GFP were measured within different booster biocide concentrations. The results show that fluorescent intensities of GFP proteins decrease more than 50% when they are exposed to different concentrations of irgarol, zinc omadine, acticide. In conclusion, ecosystem health should be prioritized when new antifouling paint compositions are proposed. From the results, it seems that A. viridis can be considered as a vulnerable organism and it is sensitive to booster biocides within self-polishing antifouling paint formulations.

Industrial Sustainability in Architectural Paints: A Bibliometric Research

Sustainability is one of the main challenges of civil construction. Most architectural paints release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that harm the environment and human health. This paper presents the main discussions and theoretical approaches through bibliometrics on the theme of industrial sustainability in architectural paints. The study presents an analysis of citations, the main topics associated with this specific line of research and a conceptual framework, as well as the identification of the most explored approaches in the literature and the main gaps. The Bibliometrix library from the R package was used to organize the published data used and process the generated analyses. The analysis of 773 international scientific documents from January 1985 to November 2019 allowed an overview of the research field related to industrial sustainability in architectural paints. The main findings are summarized as follows: most documents are focused on the study of new paint compositions, observing sustainability criteria in their development; there was little presence of documents dealing with architectural paintings; most publications focus on the development and testing of new paint formulations, which are obtained from the substitution of toxic substances, which indicates that there is also a need to diversify research approaches in this field; few publications were found addressing the subject, which configures a gap in the literature related to this field of research.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF AUTHENTIC CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS AND PAINTING COMPOSITIONS OF THE BUILDING OF PRISON No. 1 IN GRODNO

The preservation of historical and cultural heritage is also of great practical importance for contemporaries. The historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Belarus is the property of the Belarusian people. The most important part of the project for the reconstruction and restoration of objects included in the List of immovable objects of historical and cultural heritage is the section "Complex scientific research". In this work, samples of mortars and paint compositions selected from the facades of the Prison building No. 1 in Grodno were studied. The purpose of the study was to study the characteristics of the initial plaster solutions, to determine the initial paint compositions and to develop methodological recommendations for carrying out repair and restoration work. The object was examined properly, authentic building solutions and paint compositions were determined. Painting works both in the early and later times were carried out with mineral-based compositions. Initially, the building was plastered with lime-sand solutions and painted with mineral compounds. All materials used to repair the facade must be compatible with the stored materials according to their physical and mechanical characteristics.

Superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance of Fe3O4 modified graphene assembled porous carbon (mGAPC) based hybrid foam

High performance Fe3O4 modified graphene assembled porous carbon (mGAPC) based epoxy paint coated on Polyethylene (PE) foam is realized by spray technique to fabricate light weight electromagnetic absorbers. The mGAPC as a pigment in a standard composition of commercial paint was optimized and the influence of solvent and additives are studied to achieve X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) electromagnetic wave absorption (EA) in the hybrid foam (HF). From the comparative studies, the hybrid foams obtained from epoxy paint with toluene as solvent (without Mn-octate as additive) showed a Reflection Loss (RL) −19 dB (in the range of 8.3–8.7 GHz), which was further increased with the coating cycles up to −43 dB (in 10.2–11.2 GHz).The observed rise is attributed to increase in localized interfacial polarization that arises at the combined interfaces of mGAPC. The result showed 99% loss, which projects a promising EA paint for practical applications. Further thickness dependent studies of EA in Paint Coat HF1, reveals that with increasing thickness from 0.3 to 2 mm, the RL also increases from −19 to −43 dB with changing absorption band. The superior EA properties are correlated to the percolation threshold, pigment dispersibility and further correlated to the strong absorption, destructive interference, multiple internal reflections and interfacial polarization of the radiation in the hybrid foam. Moreover, considering the paint lowest thickness ∼0.3 mm with −19 dB of RL, the hybrid foam promises a cost-effective, fine, light-weight EA/RL material for secure electronic devices and packaging in civil and defence applications.

Computational Analysis Problem of Aesthetic Content in Fine-Art Paintings

The article discusses the possibilities of the formal analysis of the fine-art painting composition on the basis of the classical definitions of beauty and computational aesthetics’ approaches of the second half of the 20th century he authors define the problem and consider solutions for the formalization of aesthetic perception in the context of aesthetic text, i.e., as part of the fine arts composition – a formal sequence of signs simply ordered in accordance with the syntactic rules’ system. The methodology of the research is defined by the general semiotics, distinguishing semantics, syntax, and pragmatics of a sign, by the aesthetic analysis’ methods, ranging according to the author’s message aesthetics, receptive aesthetics, and text aesthetics, as well as by the computational analysis methods connected with neural network means of defining the images’ symmetry. The article reveals preconditions for the emergence and also the current state of computational aesthetics as an interdisciplinary branch of knowledge. Analyzing the problem from the perspective of philosophy, aesthetics, semiotics, and technology, the authors draw attention to the need to improve the computational aesthetics methods. Firstly, the existing methods do not always enable to describe the fine-art object adequately. Secondly, there exists the so-called reduction of aesthetic assertion transforming it into the assertion concerning the object’s external characteristics. As a result, the authors assume that the increasing complexity of the current mathematical models and the experts’ subjective assessment support will allow to reach a compromise solution that enables the development of computational aesthetics as a branch of knowledge. Enhancement and development of the mathematical models, taking into account the rules of semiotics and subjectivism of the human perception, is the relevant objective of computational analysis of the aesthetic fine-arts text. The results of the present research supports the classic statement regarding the underivability of semantic and pragmatic propositions from syntax. The research concludes that relevant objectives are to find a correlation between, one the one hand, the axes and points of symmetry, deriving from the neural simulation, and, on the other hand, aesthetic effect, emerging from the perception of fine-art paintings.

Computer Artist Manuel Felguerez: A Brief Interview on the Pioneering Origins of Geometry Painting

This interview cum memoir of Manuel Felguerez, by the author, describes the development of two projects in the words of the Mexican artist Manuel Felguerez himself. Felguerez speaks of his experience as a Latin American artist, his encounter with digital technology in the united states and the trajectory of art that his work takes during an intense and experimental period of creativity in the seventies. Felguerez’s explorations were embodied in two books, El espacio multiple (Paz 1988) and “The Aesthetic Machine” La máquina estética (Felguerez y Sasson 1983). The project involved the use of computers for the composition of incipient new media paintings, sculptures and engravings. After the project was concluded, the author avoided the use of computers again, and for different reasons. The value of this interview of a pioneering artist in contemporary America lies in the insider’s view of the situation in the art world, the artist’s first-person revealings and confessions and the deep personal life of the artist as an individual.

Colour, Abstraction and Fantastic Sunsets

This essay provides a study of colour as a dematerialised object through which to consider Blackness and art making. I ask how colour has been employed by Black artists as a critical component of their practices, proposing that a critical study of colour can help us understand how Black artists navigate the art landscape and create spaces of imagination, possibility, and life for themselves. Foregrounded by Darby English’s book, 1971: A Year in the Life of Color (2016), I consider Alma Thomas’ A fantastic sunset (1970), David Koloane’s Mgodoyi III (1993), and various exhibitions by Serge Alain Nitegeka. Although rooted in Black studies, I also consider British artist Marlow Moss’ painting Composition in yellow, black and white (1949). Here I’m interested in how colour can be usedto expand notions of intersectional identities through a queering approach. Colour is read as an effective tool of creation, resistance, and refusal. Through this text I consider Fred Moten’s riff on Fannie Lou Hamer, ‘Refuse what has been refused to you,’ as a potential approach and method, while considering colour as a method of refusal. That is to say, what does it mean when Black artists gravitate towards or away from a certain colour? How are these choices influenced by what they have been refused and what they choose to refuse?

REALISTIC AND CONDITIONAL SPACE PAINTING IN THE CONTEXT OF AN ARTISTIC IMAGE

The purpose of the article is to analyze, identify the general and particular in the organization of the compositional space of painting in order to most accurately display the artistic image. The object of the study is the three-dimensional space in the visual arts. The subject is the basic laws of the organization and construction of realistic and conditional space in the visual arts. The analysis of the main types of space in the composition of painting is given. A fundamental division into realistic and conditional space in the solution of the artistic image of fine art is proposed. The concept of an artistic image is defined and the main means of conveying its expressiveness in a composition are identified, namely: format, space, compositional center, symmetry and asymmetry, balance, rhythm, dynamics and statics, color, texture, and so on. The article deals with the basic concepts, techniques and principles of the organization of space on the picture plane in the visual arts. It is determined that the compositional features of the organization of three-dimensional space are due to the use of linear, inverse, perceptual, spherical and light-air perspectives in the construction of both individual elements and the entire structure of the composition of a work of art. The role of different types of space in creating an artistic image within the framework of realistic and conventional painting is analyzed. The results of the work can be used in the educational and creative processes of creating works of fine art, in educational and methodological work, art studies. The proposed systematization of the spatial solution of the image allows us to consider the possibilities of realistic and conventional painting in order to fully reflect the idea and ideological position of the author of the work of art. In the process of analyzing and comparing the organization of the space of realistic and conventional images of the artistic image, the authors of the article came to the conclusion that the principles and techniques of working on the composition have a general and particular. The basic laws of composition, such as the organization of the center, balance, rhythm, movement and static, nuance and identity, from perspective – light-air, work equally for realistic and conventional images. The difference is marked by the use of the laws of different types of perspective (for the realistic solution of the artistic image and the space of the composition, linear, perceptual and light-air perspectives are used; for the conditional solution of the composition, the inverse, spherical perspective and axonometric methods of constructing a shape in space are used), as well as different ways of working with color and shape.

Preparation of new modified antimicrobial alkyd resin based on benzo[b]thiophene derivative as source of polyol for surface coating applications

PurposeThis paper aims to prepare new modified alkyd resins and use it as an antimicrobial binder for surface coating applications.Design/methodology/approachVarious modified alkyd resins were prepared by partial replacement of 3,6-dichloro benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl bis-(2-hydroxy ethyl)-amide as a source of polyol with glycerol and confirmed by acid value, FT-IR, 1H-NMR. The modified alkyd resins were covering a wide range of oil lengths and hydroxyl content (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% excess-OH). The antimicrobial activity of the prepared alkyds was also investigated. The coatings of 60 ± 5 µm thickness were applied to the surface of glass panels and mild steel strips by means of a brush. Physico-mechanical tests, chemical resistance and antimicrobial activities were investigated.FindingsThe obtained results illustrate that the introduction of benzo[b]thiophene derivative as a modifier polyol within the resin structure improved the film performance and enhanced the physico-mechanical characteristics, chemical resistance and the antimicrobial activities.Practical implicationsThe modified alkyd resins can be employed as antimicrobial binders in paint compositions for a variety of surfaces, particularly those that are susceptible to a high number of bacteria.Originality/valueModified alkyd resins based on antimicrobial heterocyclic compounds have the potential to be promising in the manufacturing of antimicrobial coatings and development of paints, allowing them to function to prevent the spread of microbial infection, which is exactly what the world requires at this time. Also, they can be applied in different substrates for industrial applications.

Drying and adhesive properties of novel surface coatings derived from peanut skin extract and cashew nutshell liquid

PurposeThis study aims to synthesize pigment and resin from agro-wastes and use them in the formulation of eco-friendly surface coatings.Design/methodology/approachThe pigments and resin were synthesized through a chemical modification of agro-wastes. The pigments were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and were screened for their antimicrobial activities. The physicochemical characteristics of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL)-modified resin were evaluated. These precursors and other natural additives were used to formulate surface coatings, and their drying and adhesive properties were evaluated using international testing methods.FindingsIt was observed that the curing of the CNSL-modified resin depended on time and temperature. The pigments exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and had high melting points, affirming their stability. The chemically modified precursors successfully yielded surface coatings with acceptable drying times and adhesion to the base substrate.Practical implicationsThe use of agro-wastes as the main components of the surface coatings implies waste valorization, a reduction in production costs and the creation of job opportunities for sustainable development. To increase the chemical, physical, corrosion resistance and antimicrobial qualities of paint compositions, chemically modified peanut skin extracts and CNSL can be used as pigments and resins, respectively. This could be a green approach to achieving the targets of Sustainable development goals 11 and 12.Originality/valueThe paper outlines a prospective approach to use unwanted waste (peanut skin, cashew nutshells) and other natural additives as industrial raw materials. These novel surface coating precursors are cost-effective, readily available, eco-friendly and could replace conventional precursors.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF SURFACE-ACTIVE PROPERTIES OF LIGNOSULFONATES

The use of surfactants is a promising direction for accelerating the processes of destruction of pigment aggregates and stabilizing them in the volume of paints. The paper considers the study of the surface activity of paper industry waste - lignosulfonates. The processes of adsorption, dispersing and stabilizing activity of lignosulfonates have been studied. The established surface-active properties of lignosulfonates open up the prospect of their use in paint compositions as wetting agents.

Portable Spectroscopic Techniques for the Non-invasive Identification of two historical yellow pigments: Applications and Practical Challenges

Abstract Decades of technological advances in instrumental analysis have transformed many techniques from laboratory in portable analytical tools with increasing their applicability in situ to the study of cultural heritage. It is known that the painting realisation varies from artist to artist, and the identification of the pigments provides a decisive contribution to trace their authenticity and to support an appropriate restoration work. However, in some cases, due to the complexity of painting composition, it is difficult to distinguish between pigments having a similar chemical composition and colour. Here, a systematic study through combined use of portable non-invasive spectroscopic techniques such as Raman, Total Reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy, Fiber Optical Reflectance spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence was carried out on two yellow pigments, the Naples Yellow (Pb2Sb2O7) and the Giallorino (Pb2SnO4 or PbSnO3 or PbSn1-xSixO3), which sometimes are difficult to distinguish. The results emphasize the techniques’ main advantages and drawbacks as well as their limits and the importance of their combination for the discrimination of such pigments.

Universality and superiority in preference for chromatic composition of art paintings

Color composition in paintings is a critical factor affecting observers’ aesthetic judgments. We examined observers’ preferences for the color composition of Japanese and Occidental paintings when their color gamut was rotated. In the experiment, observers were asked to select their preferred image from original and three hue-rotated images in a four-alternative forced choice paradigm. Despite observers’ being unfamiliar with the presented artwork, the original paintings (0 degrees) were preferred more frequently than the hue-rotated ones. Furthermore, the original paintings’ superiority was observed when the images were divided into small square pieces and their positions randomized (Scrambled condition), and when the images were composed of square pieces collected from different art paintings and composed as patchwork images (Patchwork condition). Therefore, the original paintings’ superiority regarding preference was quite robust, and the specific objects in the paintings associated with a particular color played only a limited role. Rather, the original paintings’ general trend in color statistics influenced hue-angle preference. Art paintings likely share common statistical regulations in color distributions, which may be the basis for the universality and superiority of the preference for original paintings.

Tunable Graphene/Nitrocellulose Temperature Alarm Sensors.

Tunable temperature alarm sensors were prepared using multilayer graphene and nitrocellulose (NC) to reliably monitor early high temperature risks. The graphene/NC alarm sensor keeps in a state of electrical insulation, however, turns electrically conductive at high temperatures, such as encountering a flame attack. Its response time is limited to only a few seconds because of a quick chemical reaction of NC. The 90% graphene/NC (wt % ratio 1:9) composite alarm sensor stably remains insulated at an ambient temperature of 200 °C, resulting in a satisfactory responsive temperature (232 °C), instant response time (4.4 s), and sustained working time in the flame below the ignition temperature of most combustibles. Furthermore, the response temperature and time of the alarm sensor can be tuned by graphene/NC ratios to reduce the fire risk of various combustible materials in different fire-prone scenarios and thus has promising applications in both indoor and outdoor environments. The sensor has also proven to work in the form of paint, wallpaper, and other composites due to its superior flame retardancy property, as well as under extreme conditions (i.e., underwater and vacuum).