Composition Of Components Research Articles

Potato starch quality in relation to the treatments and long-term storage of tubers

Starch is the most important component of potato tubers, the structure and composition of which play a key role in their utilization as well as processing and storage. Potato seed treatment may play the biggest role in ensuring proper plant growth and development. Isolated starch from tubers of different potato varieties for food processing was evaluated immediately after harvesting and after long-term storage with consideration of different products for potato seed treatment. The quality of starch was evaluated in terms of starch grain size, total starch content, pH, starch stability after freezing, gelatinization temperature as well as phosphorus and amylose content. The varieties differed significantly in starch content and quality. The Beo variety had the highest starch content in dry tuber weight (77.8%) and the best starch quality characteristics (the lowest starch stability after freezing − 18.0% and highest gelatinization temperature − 64.0 ℃ onset and 68.4 ℃ end). Simultaneous treatment of tubers with Supporter and Moncut 460 SC contributed to the highest starch content in tubers (77.6% d. m.) as well as increasing its stability after freezing (20.8%) and decreasing its gelatinization temperatures (61.7 ℃ onset and 66.0 ℃ end). This may be due to the increased proportion of large starch grains and higher amylose and phosphorus content. A slight decrease in starch quality traits was shown after long-term storage of tubers. Maintaining constant conditions during storage along with the applied treatments contributed to this. It is recommended to use products for potato seed treatment in the production technology of potato for consumption and for starch production.

A Review on the Performance of Concrete Beams reinforced with GFRP Bars and Internally reinforced with Different Meshes

The incorporation of geogrid or Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) mesh into concrete structures presents a novel approach to leveraging the geosynthetics and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites in structural components. Geogrid, steel, and GFRP mesh can enhance the post-cracking ductility and load-bearing capacity of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, depending on the specific type and properties of the mesh utilized. The use of reinforcing meshes offers the advantage of reducing the size of structural elements due to their lower weight compared to steel bars, thereby decreasing the overall weight of the structure.

The Delumping Method as a Key Factor in obtaining a characterized Hydrocarbon Fluid using the Example of Kazakhstani Oil

The composition of hydrocarbon systems plays an essential role in ensuring reliability in field operation processes, the design of oil onshore facilities, and the availability of reliable information about the PVT properties of systems. In this article, experimental and numerical methods are used to obtain data on the component composition of the extracted oil products and their PVT properties. These methods help obtaining a detailed composition and phase state of the hydrocarbon system. The numerical delumping method is utilized in this article. It is worth noting that all calculations were made on the basis of data on the component composition of Kazakhstani oil samples. The results and comparative evaluation show that the proposed delumping mix-method has excellent consistency with the data obtained with experiments and with the Nichita’s analytical approach. In the future, the results on the detailed composition can improve and link the compositional modeling of the reservoir with the modeling of surface structures.

Characterization of cotton stalk as a lignocellulosic feedstock for single-cell protein production.

Cotton stalk, an important by-product of cotton farming, is challenging in lignocellulosic feedstock application due to the limited understanding of their compositional and lignin structural characteristics. This study elucidates the composition of lignocellulose components and fundamental lignin structural features of cotton stalk. Lignocellulosic hydrolysates were prepared from various cotton stalk parts and used for single-cell protein production. As a proof of concept, cotton stalk hydrolysates were successfully converted into single-cell protein using the superior microbial host, Candida utilis ACCC20060, owing to its favorable sugar consumption efficiency and high protein quality. The highest SCP concentration of 5.74g/L was obtained, yielding 0.23g/g from the lignocellulose-derived sugars released from cotton stalk roots. This study provides valuable references for cotton stalk utilization toward lignocellulosic feedstock application and introduces a promising microbial host for single-cell protein production from such feedstocks.

СОСТАВ КОМПОНЕНТОВ, ВЛИЯЮЩИХ НА ВКУС ВИНА ИЗ СОРТА КРАСНОСТОП ЗОЛОТОВСКИЙ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРОВОДИМЫХ АГРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЕМОВ

The aim of the study is to identify the features of the composition of biochemical indicators affecting the taste of dry red wines from the autochthonous grape variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky depending on the load of bushes with shoots. Objectives: to conduct a physicochemical and sensory analysis of the experimental wines. Objectives of the study: dry red wines from the technical grape variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky, grown in the vineyards of the All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking. The studies were conducted at the laboratory for quality control of viticulture and winemaking products of the All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking, a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRANTS. As part of the study, wines were prepared using the microwinemaking method in accordance with the following experimental options: B-1 – with a load of 20 shoots per bush (s/c); B-2 – 25 shoots per bush; B-3 – 30 shoots per bush; B-4 – 35 shoots per bush; B-5 – with a load of 40 shoots per bush. Analysis of the obtained data on the study of the composition of biochemical components affecting the taste of dry red wines from the autochthonous grape variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky depending on the load of the bushes with shoots showed that the sum of organic acids in the studied samples was within 6.7–8.1 g/dm3 with their highest content in Krasnostop Zolotovsky B-4 (35 p/k). The amount of tartaric acid was about 50 % of the total amount of acids in the wine. Variants with a bush load of 30 (B-3) and 35 (B-4) shoots per bush were distinguished by the accumulation of phenolic and coloring substances. The highest content of malic acid was noted in the experimental sample B-5 (load 40 p/k). The ratio of mass concentrations of tartaric and malic acids in all experimental variants was > 2, which contributes to obtaining a more harmonious taste. The highest content of lactic acid was observed in B-3 (1.01 g/dm3) and B-4 (0.85 g/dm3), these same variants were distinguished by the softest and roundest taste. The highest content of reduced and residual extract was noted in B-3 and B-4, and the least amount was in B-2. As a result of sensory analysis, it was revealed that the most complete, meaningful taste and complex aroma were distinguished by the experimental samples Krasnostop Zolotovsky B-3 and B-4 (8.9 points each). In these same variants, the highest content of phenolic, coloring and extractive substances was observed.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПЛОДОВ ROSACEAE ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ БЕРЕЗОВОГО КВАСА

The purpose of the study is to identify the possibility of using berry raw materials (rose hips, hawthorn, black chokeberry) in the recipe for kvass based on birch sap. Objectives: to select the component composition of kvass on birch sap; to evaluate the organoleptic, physicochemical indicators of kvass and product safety indicators. To obtain experimental data, certified methods applied to analyze fermented beverages were used, including the assessment of organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical and microbiological indicators of the product.The study of the organoleptic indicators of kvass on birch sap showed that the best characteristics (taste, smell, appearance) are possessed by kvass with the addition of rose hips. It received the highest number of points for four out of five indicators. Birch kvass with rose hips did not score one point for the color indicator compared to kvass with the addition of black chokeberries. The physicochemical properties of kvass prepared with birch sap and the addition of rose hips, hawthorn, and black chokeberry to the recipe comply with the requirements regulated by GOST 31494-2012. The mass fraction of dry substances is 3.8–3.9 %, acidity is 2.6–2.8 °T, the carbon dioxide content varies within 0.41–0.45 %. The volume fraction of alcohol in all samples, including the control, was at the level of 0.3 %. All samples comply with the requirements of regulatory documentation on microbiological safety. The introduction of fruits of the Rosaceae family into the recipe for kvass based on birch sap will help to expand the range of soft drinks, improve the consumer properties of fermented drinks, and enrich kvass with essential nutrients.

АНАЛІЗ ВІКОВОЇ ДИНАМІКИ ПОКАЗНИКІВ СКЛАДУ ТІЛА ЮНИХ ГІМНАСТОК-ХУДОЖНИЦЬ РІЗНОЇ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ

The article provides a general analysis of body composition indicators and determines their ratio in 6-9 year old gymnasts, and compares the obtained values, namely, body height, weight, body mass index, percentage of fat and skeletal muscle, energy expenditure at rest, and visceral fat level. The purpose of the research is to analyze body composition indicators in the age dynamics of 6-9-year-old artistic gymnasts of various sports qualifications. Material and methods of the study. The study involved 37 girls aged 6-9 who engaged of artistic gymnastics in the city of Vinnytsia and the city of Kozyatyn (Vinnytsia region). Research methods: analysis of scientific-methodical and special literature, method of assessing the component composition of the body of artistic gymnasts using the device OMRON, mathematical processing of empirical data. Results. It has been established that the average indicators of body composition monitoring of female gymnasts-artists gradually increase with age, namely, body length, body weight, body mass index, fat percentage. Other monitoring indicators - the percentage content of skeletal muscles, the level of visceral fat and energy expenditure at rest are determined by a decrease in indicators from the 8th to the 9th year. According to tabular data, it was found that the average indicators obtained from the body mass index in all four age groups of gymnasts have an "insufficient" level, and the percentage of fat in gymnasts aged 6 and 7 is "low". Conclusions. Achieving success in artistic gymnastics largely depends on the size, physique, and body composition of the gymnast. Therefore, a combination of external parameters and body composition will provide more accurate information about the gymnast's capabilities at a certain stage of sports training.

Enhancement Mechanism of Photo-Induced Artificial Boundary on Ultrastable Hybrid Solid-electrolyte Interphase of Si Anodes.

Unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) film resulting from chemically active surface state and huge volume fluctuation limits the development of Si-based anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a photo-initiated polypyrrole (PPy) coating is manufactured on Si nanoparticles to guide the in situ generation of PPy-integrated hybrid SEI film (hSEI). The hSEI film shows excellent structure stability and optimized component composition for lithium storage. More promisingly, the photo-initiated hSEI precursor with more uniform thickness, stronger interaction with inner particles, and higher mechanical strength further enables the structural integrity of the hSEI film. The highly ordered interchain structure of photo-initiated hSEI precursor can maintain effective Li+ transport during the electrochemical cycling. Consequently, SiNPs@hSEI-L anode maintains a reversible capacity of 1044.7 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 2 A g-1, manifesting superior electrochemical lithium storage. This work proposes a novel polymer-integrated hSEI formation and provides an effective reference for the optimization of semiconductor materials.

Green approach to synthesis polymer composites based on chitosan with desired linear and non-linear optical characteristics

The current study used sustainable and green approaches to convey polymer composites with desired optical properties. The extracted green tea dye (GTD) enriched with ligands was used to synthesize zinc metal complexes. Green chitosan biopolymer incorporated with green synthesized metal complex using casting technique was used to deliver polymer composites with improved optical properties. The FTIR-ATR was used to identify the functional groups of the GTD, pure CS, and functional groups surrounding the synthesized zinc metal complex. Distinguished ATR bands were observed in green tea dye spectra, such as OH, C = O, and NH functional groups ascribed to various polyphenols. The ATR bands of the zinc metal complex compared to GDT established that GDT is crucial to capturing zinc cations and producing the Zn2+-metal complex. The broadness of the bands observed in CS-based composites inserted with the Zn2+- metal complex confirms strong interaction among the components of polymer composites. The XRD achievements confirm that CS films with different Zn2+- metal complex concentrations transferred to an amorphous composite. The XRD pattern of composite films establishes that the zinc metal complex scarified the crystalline phases of chitosan. Linear optical properties such as absorption, refractive index (n), and optical dielectric parameters were improved. The absorption edge of the composite’s films shifted to lower photon energies. Various models were used to determine the optical band gap. The band gap drops from when chitosan is loaded with a 36% Zn2+-metal complex. The Spitzer-Fan method is used to get the dielectric constant, and the Drude Lorentz oscillator model was used to calculate vital optical parameters, including N/m*, τ, and µopt. The W-D single oscillator model was used to determine the Eo and Ed parameters. The values of optical moments (M−1 and M−3) were calculated with the help of the W-D model. The oscillator’s strength () and wavelength () were determined via the Sellmeier model using the linear refractive index. The first-order nonlinear ( ), second-order non-linear () and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility () were determined for all the films.

Influence of Habitat Factors on the Yield, Morphological Characteristics, and Total Phenolic/Flavonoid Content of Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum L.) in the Republic of Serbia

Allium ursinum L. (Alliaceae) is a perennial geophyte known for its medicinal properties. This study examines the yield, morphological characteristics, and bioactive component composition of A. ursinum across forty-three different habitats in Serbia, focusing on the relationship between these factors and habitat conditions. Data on habitat locations and soil conditions were gathered from previous studies, while climate parameters were estimated using meteorological data from the Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia. Cluster analysis identified five habitat clusters, with the first and third clusters representing 88% of the sampled habitats. Fresh leaf yield H1:39.46–H15:564.83 g m⁻2 was correlated with morphological parameters grouped into two clusters. A positive correlation was found between habitat conditions, particularly soil type and altitude. Spectrophotometric quantification of phenolics (1.47–2.49 mg FAE g−1) and flavonoids (0.27–0.82 mg QE g−1) identified five clusters, with soil type being the key factor influencing bioactive component concentration. A. ursinum displayed significant adaptability, thriving in higher altitudes and fertile soils, which enhanced yield and morphological traits, though inversely related to bioactive components. These findings support sustainable cultivation and conservation practices for A. ursinum.

On the New RILEM Technical Committee TC APD: Alternative Paving Materials – Design and Performance

This paper introduces the new RILEM Technical Committee on Alternative Paving Materials – Design and Performance (TC APD), which builds upon the foundational efforts of the former TC 279-WMR focused on the Valorisation of Waste and Secondary Materials for Roads. The TC APD aims to advance the understanding of alternative paving materials, emphasizing their design and performance as essential components of road composites. The committee addresses three areas of investigation, each dedicated to examining the current technological state of the art, the design process and the field performance of composites incorporating alternative paving materials. The manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the TC's background, outlines the research objectives and activities proposed, and discusses the committee's position within RILEM and the broader research community. Additionally, it details the anticipated outcomes and the potential impact of the committee's work on advancing the field of sustainable road construction.

Stillbirth rate trends across 25 European countries between 2010 and 2021: the contribution of maternal age and multiplicity.

Stillbirth rates have stalled or increased in some European countries during the last decade. We investigate to what extent time-trends and between-country differences in stillbirth rates are explained by the changing prevalence of advanced maternal age and teenage pregnancies or multiple births. We analysed data on stillbirths and live births by maternal age and multiplicity from 2010 to 2021 in 25 European countries using Kitagawa decomposition to separate rate differences into compositional and rate components. Rates significantly decreased in six countries, but increased in two. Changes in maternal age structure reduced national stillbirth rates by a maximum of 0.04 per 1000 in the Netherlands and increased rates by up to 0.85 in Cyprus. Changes in the prevalence of multiple births decreased rates by up to 0.19 in the Netherlands and increased rates by up to 0.01 across multiple countries. Maternal age differences explained between 0.11 of the below-European average stillbirth rate in Belgium and 0.13 of the above-average rate in Ireland. Excluding Cyprus, differences in multiple births explained between 0.05 of the below-average rate in Malta and 0.03 of the above-average rate in Ireland. For most countries, the increase in advanced-age pregnancies contributed to rising stillbirth rates over time, while reductions in multiples led to decreases in rates. However, large parts of the trends remain unexplained by those factors. By 2021, neither factor explained the differences between countries, due to increased compositional uniformity and declining stillbirth risk for advanced maternal age.

Conservation value and ecosystem service provision of Nothofagus antarctica forests based on phenocluster categories

Traditional approaches of forest classifications were based on tree species composition, but recently combine phenology and climate to characterise functional (cyclic and seasonal greenness) rather than structural or compositional components (phenoclusters). The objective was to compare the conservation value (capacity to support more native biodiversity) and provision of ecosystem services (ES) in different phenocluster categories of Nothofagus antarctica forests in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). We used available models (ES, potential biodiversity) and ground-truth data of 145 stands, comparing phenocluster values using uni- and multivariate analyses. Conservation value and capacity to supply ES significantly varied among phenocluster categories: (i) cultural, regulating, and provisioning ES and potential biodiversity at landscape level, (ii) soil carbon and nitrogen, (iii) dominant height, crown cover, basal area, total volume, and domestic animal stock, and (iv) understory plant richness and cover at stand level. These differences are linked to the forest capacity to support more native biodiversity and ES. Besides, multivariate analyses supporting the split of this forest type into four phenocluster subtypes (coast, highland, ecotone with other types, and degraded or secondary forests). Our findings suggest the needs of specific management and conservation proposals, based on phenoclusters rather than forest types defined by tree canopy-cover composition.

Association between 24-hour movement behaviors and adiposity in children and adolescents: A compositional data meta-analysis.

To quantitatively synthesize published evidence on the association between 24-hour movement behavior composition with adiposity in children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Systematic literature searches were conducted in five electronic databases to identify papers published between January 2015 and January 2024. A machine learning-assisted systematic review was conducted to identify studies applying compositional data analysis to examine the association between 24-hour movement behaviors and adiposity in children and youth. Random effect meta-analyses were estimated to examine the relative association between each component of the 24-hour movement behavior composition and body mass index z-score (zBMI), waist circumference, fat mass percentage, and fat mass index (FMI). A total of 16 studies reporting on 15,230 children and youth were included in the review. Most studies reported on zBMI (k = 14), followed by waist circumference (k = 5), body fat percentage (k = 3), and FMI (k = 2). Spending more time sleeping and engaged in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) relative to other behaviors was associated with lower adiposity, while spending more time sedentary and engaged in light-intensity physical activity was associated with higher adiposity. These results provide support for most recommendations of the 24-hour movement behavior guidelines, including getting an adequate amount of sleep, limiting sedentary time, and engaging in MVPA, to improve adiposity outcomes.

Evaluating sensor performance for impact identification in composites: a comprehensive comparison of FBGs with PZTs

Aerospace composite components require effective monitoring techniques to detect possible internal damage from impact events. To ensure reliable impact identification, sensor measurements can provide valuable information about impact energy and identify potential issues that may require further investigation. However, selecting the most appropriate sensor technology to measure impact force and energy is a challenge. In this article, a systematic and structured approach is presented to compare the expected performance of sensors and their metrological parameters in terms of their ability for impact identification in aerospace composites. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using an application example where fibre Bragg grating (FBG) are compared with piezoelectric (PZT) sensors through comprehensive tests. These tests include the correlation test, the sensitivity test, and the factor test. The correlation test showed a high agreement between FBG and PZT sensors in the time and frequency domain. The sensitivity test indicated a significant correlation between the signal features and the impact energy levels in the energy profiling diagrams, revealing nonlinearities and energy losses indicative of damage. Furthermore, these results emphasise the superior resolution of the FBG sensors and the comparable repeatability of the two sensor types. Finally, the factor test showed that FBG sensors are sensitive to different angles of incidence, while PZT sensors have a more stable directivity. Further analysis also showed that the signal strength of both sensor types decreases with increasing distance from the impact source. Overall, the proposed approach enables a thorough evaluation of the capabilities and limitations of both sensor types. Consequently, it provides information to make an informed decision on the most suitable sensor for impact monitoring systems.

Comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of common myrtle and eucalyptus twiggy essential oils

Introduction. In the family Myrtaceae (Myrtaceae L.) there are more than 100 genera and more than 3000 representatives. Insufficiency of data on diagnostics of raw materials of common myrtle and closely related species is an actual problem of modern pharmacognosy. The aim of the present study is a comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oil components of leaves of common myrtle, closely related to Myrtle species – Eucalyptus twiggy of family Myrtaceae, as well as industrial samples of essential oils of Myrtle and Eucalyptus by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Material and methods. Leaves of common myrtle harvested in the Republic of Crimea (Russia) and Relizane province (Algeria) were used as objects of research. Also as objects of comparison were used leaves of eucalyptus twiggy, harvested in Abkhazia, and industrial samples of common myrtle and eucalyptus twiggy essential oils. Samples of essential oil were obtained from leaves of myrtle and eucalyptus. Essential oil samples were obtained from myrtle and eucalyptus leaves and the qualitative and quantitative composition of their components was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results and discussion. Essential oils samples of Myrtaceae representatives leaves are characterised by a high content of mono- and bicyclic monoterpenes, but they differ significantly in dominant components depending on the place of growth. In a sample of essential oil from the leaves of Crimean Myrtle, 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol) dominates, and in a sample from the leaves of Algerian Myrtle, α-pinene dominates. In the study, it was found that some identified components of the common myrtle essential oil, such as myrtenyl acetate, humulene, linalyl acetate, β-myrcene and their derivatives, were absent in the eucalyptus twiggy essential oil, which may serve as a diagnostic sign for Myrtus species. On the contrary, the presence of globulol and its derivatives in the component composition of essential oil was found only in samples of Eucalyptus viminalis L. species and are not determined in the common myrtle essential oil. Industrial samples of essential oils are characterised by the absence of such important components of Myrtle essential oil as α-pinene, globulol, myrtenyl acetate, geraniol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, humulene and its derivatives. Conclusion. Species specificity of the common myrtle can be confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on diagnostically significant components of the common myrtle essential oil, which are absent in the essential oil of the species closely related to myrtle – еucalyptus twig, which can be used in the preparation of the draft pharmacopoeial article on a new type of medicinal plant raw material – ‘Common myrtle leaves’.

Investigation of the structural performance and failure mechanisms of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber‐based composites

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of continuous fiber‐based polymeric composites has attracted global attention. This contemporary technology enables the flexibility of manufacturing customized, partially and fully functional, and advanced composite components for numerous semi‐structural and structural applications. The current study investigates the structural performance of 3D‐printed carbon fiber‐based composites in the context of tensile, flexural, and high‐cycle fatigue. The crucial S‐N curves for the unidirectional (UD) (0°) and cross‐ply (CP) (0, 90) composites have been plotted. The dominating failure mechanisms responsible for the failure of 3D printed composites under tensile, flexural, and high cycle fatigue loading at the micro‐scale have been thoroughly investigated. The influence of fiber orientation on the failure mechanisms under different structural loading has been rigorously studied. The current findings conclude that cross‐ply (0, 90) composites exhibited superior fatigue performance than the unidirectional composites when investigated at 70% of their ultimate tensile strength. The current investigation reveals that the formation of voids during 3D printing and majorly during loading is one of the leading causes of the failure of additively manufactured composites under mechanical and cyclic loads. The fiber pull‐out, fiber breakage, de‐bonding, and voids are the dominating failure mechanisms observed under tensile loading. In addition to the failure mechanisms listed under tensile loading, matrix fractures have also been observed under flexural loading. The dominating failure mechanisms differed for UD, CP (0, 90), and CP (45, −45) composites.Highlights Investigated tensile, flexural, and fatigue properties of continuous fiber 3D‐printed composites. Examined failure mechanisms under tensile, bending, and fatigue loading. Developed test coupons with built‐in tabs for tensile and fatigue testing. Cross‐ply composites showed better fatigue performance than unidirectional.

Comparative analysis of the efficiency of catalytic methane pyrolysis technology for hydrogen production based on DEA method

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of methane pyrolysis technologies and various catalysts using the DEA method. The study is based on an extensive set of experimental data obtained under laboratory conditions. Application of DEA method allowed to identify key factors affecting the pyrolysis process performance, including costs, process parameters and catalyst properties. Particular attention is paid to the role of catalysts in the methane pyrolysis process. Highly efficient catalysts show significant increases in reaction rate and decreases in energy costs. The DEA method allowed the identification of key factors affecting process efficiency, including the choice of catalyst carrier, temperature conditions and composition of active components. The analysis revealed that catalyst stability and its ability to maintain high activity over the reaction time were particularly important for industrial applications. The results of the analysis allowed us to evaluate the relative efficiency of each catalyst and identify the most optimal combinations of reaction conditions. It was found that catalysts with high nickel content (more than 80%) on Al₂O₃ carrier show the highest efficiency at about 750 ℃, achieving high values of methane conversion and hydrogen yield. SiO₂ based catalysts show high initial activity, but tend to deactivate or carbonize with time, which in turn markedly reduces their efficiency in long-term processes. The results highlight the importance of optimal catalyst composition and reaction conditions to improve the efficiency and economic viability of the methane pyrolysis process. The study demonstrates the potential of DEA method as a tool for comprehensive assessment and optimization of technological processes of hydrogen production and emphasizes the prospects for further development and implementation of methane pyrolysis technology in industrial hydrogen production as a component of the transition to low-carbon energy production.

Study of breaded pollock products quality

The aim of the work is to evaluate the assortment structure, analyze the composition, as well as the nutritional value, organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of commercial samples of breaded pollock products, presented in the Russian market. Methods used: The analysis and structure of the assortment were determined by means of the calculation method. Data on component composition and nutritional value were analyzed by the method of labeling examination. Standard methods were used to determine sodium chloride and water content. The results of organoleptic evaluation were processed by the method of profile analysis and mathematical method with the use of heuristic approach to the evaluation of product quality indicators. Novelty: The main defects, as well as physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the quality of breaded productsResults: The leading place of breaded fish culinary semi-finished products from pollock in the structure of the Russian market among the products of this name from other species of aquatic biological resources is shown. It is revealed that breading systems of commercial samples of breaded pollock products consist mainly of ingredients of low nutritional and biological value. Practical significance: the results obtained are used for the development of breaded products with increased nutritional and biological value.

Pharmaceutical development of sangviritrin spray for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity

Introduction. One of the most common bacterial infections includes acute and chronic tonsillitis, affecting 10 to 15 % of adults and approximately 20–25 % of children worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. The focus of this study was an original substance, sangviritrin, containing no less than 96.5 % of the sum of bisulfates of two alkaloids: sanguinarine and chelerythrine. Given the high antimicrobial activity of sangviritrin, the research aimed to develop a local delivery system based on this medicinal substance.Aim. The aim of this work was to develop an oral medicinal form of sangviritrin.Materials and Methods. Sangviritrin, produced by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, was used as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The selection of auxiliary components was carried out in accordance with the methodologies specified in the State Pharmacopoeia XV edition. The organoleptic properties of the substance and spray samples were studied using A. I. Tenzova's method. The local irritant action of the spray was assessed using the conjunctival test method on chinchilla rabbits weighing 3.5–4.3 kg. Quantitative determination of sangviritrin in the medicinal form was performed using spectrophotometric methods at a wavelength of 321 ± 2 nm on a spectrophotometer SPECORD® 200 PLUS (Analytik Jena GmbH+Co. KG, Germany).Results and Discussion. Optimal auxiliary component compositions were selected based on measurements of spray technological parameters. A comprehensive approach was justified for correcting the organoleptic properties of the substance, involving the introduction of a minimal amount of sweeteners and additional use of β-cyclodextrin. Examination of the local irritant action indicated a "weak or absent" degree of local irritation.Conclusion. A local delivery system for sangviritrin has been developed for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.