Composite System Research Articles

Investigation on the flexural–tensile behaviour of CFRP tendon composite anchorage system

The cable at the anchorage end is in a bending–tension condition in service due to the variable loads. A new composite anchorage system was proposed to study the flexural–tensile behaviour of the anchorage system with CFRP tendon. Four groups of single-tendon composite anchorage and three groups of five-tendon composite anchorage with bend restrictor were tested. Besides, one group of five-tendon composite anchorage without bend restrictor was tested as a control group. The effects of the bending angle, inner cone angle of the steel barrel and pre-tension force on the flexural–tensile behaviour of the anchorage system were investigated. The internal force state of the tendon inducing different failure modes was analysed. A finite element method was used to analyse the failure mechanism of the anchorage system under the bending–tension condition. Moreover, the flexural–tensile behaviours of the anchorage systems with different elastic moduli of the bonding medium were compared. Results showed that the efficiency coefficients of the composite anchorage with multi-tendon exceeded 0.9 when the end bending angle was less than 4.2°. The setting of the bending restrictor improves the flexural–tensile bearing capacity of the anchorage system and increases the maximum allowable bending angle. A larger bending angle will lead to a faster increase in the transverse shear stress at the loading end. Furthermore, increasing the pre-tension force can prompt the cooperation ability of the tendons and reduce the ultimate slips, thus improving the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the anchorage. The increase in the elastic modulus remarkably reduces the slip of the tendon, but increases the shear stress at the loading end under the bending–tension condition.

Design of composite puncture blood collection system and research on puncture force.

Venous blood collection testing is one of the most commonly used medical diagnostic methods. Compared with conventional venous blood collection, robotic collection can reduce needle-stick injuries, medical staff workload, and infection risk; allow doctor-patient isolation; and improve collection reliability. Existing venous blood collection robots use rigid puncture needles, which can easily puncture the lower wall of blood vessels, causing vessel damage and collection failure. This paper proposes a bionic blood collection strategy based on a composite puncture needle that mimics the structure and function of mosquito mouthparts. A bionic composite puncture needle insertion system with puncture-force sensing was designed, and venipuncture forces were simulated and mathematically modelled. A prototype insertion system was built and used in an experiment, which demonstrated effective composite puncture blood collection and explored the factors influencing puncture force. Puncture force decreases with increased puncture speed and angle and with a decreased needle diameter. This provides a basis for optimising the parameters of blood collection robots.

Progress on 3D tubular passive electronics: Residual stress-based fabrication, application, and modeling

The platform concept and methodology to create three-dimensional (3D) tubular structures by releasing the stress of two-dimensional multilayer membranes has been demonstrated for the design and fabrication of advanced integrated passive electronics, which revolutionizes their design and fabrication, enabling extraordinarily strong electromagnetic coupling effects and high energy storage densities, for the miniaturization of a variety of systems. In this perspective, we highlight the important recent progress, which constitutes the scope of understanding of 3D tubular passive electronics, including fabrication techniques, applications, and multi-physics modeling. Basic 3D tubular inductive and capacitive components are discussed, in addition to complex and composite devices and systems such as transformers, filters, and antennas. Finally, state-of-the-art strategies to engineer reconfigurable 3D tubular structures are discussed, with the intention to inspire a more disruptive design of passive electronics.

Rate Lifting for Stochastic Process Algebra by Transition Context Augmentation

This paper presents an algorithm for determining the unknown rates in the sequential processes of a Stochastic Process Algebra (SPA) model, provided that the rates in the combined flat model are given. Such a rate lifting is useful for model reverse engineering and model repair. Technically, the algorithm works by solving systems of nonlinear equations and – if necessary – adjusting the model’s synchronisation structure, without changing its transition system. The adjustments cause an augmentation of a transition’s context and thus enable additional control over the transition rate. The complete pseudo-code of the rate lifting algorithm is included and discussed in the paper, and its practical usefulness is demonstrated by two case studies. The approach taken by the algorithm exploits some structural and behavioural properties of SPA systems, which are formulated here for the first time and could be very beneficial also in other contexts, such as compositional system verification.

Isolation and Identification of Bitter Compounds in Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) Based on Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Electronic Tongue

As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is commonly used to treat common diseases, for example, esophageal cancer and myasthenia gravis. Furthermore, ginseng is also processed into a functional food additive that is utilized to improve the freshness of chicken soup and make health wine. Unfortunately, ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) has already shown a noticeable bitterness during its application process. In this research, the bitter substances in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) after two common preparation processes (water extraction and ethanol extraction) were separated, purified and identified by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC), high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and an electronic tongue. The results indicated that compared with the other four bitter compounds, the ginsenoside Rb1 had the highest bitterness value, followed by 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rf and ginsenoside Rb3. Upon the evaluation of results to reduce the bitterness of ginseng extract, we found that the composite embedding system of chitosan adsorption in the ginseng carrageenan gel microsphere (K/MC/MCG) could effectively reduce the bitterness.

Composite System of Lauryl Glucoside and Lauryl Glycoside Sulfosuccinate: Properties and Applicationsin Vitamin ENanoemulsions.

The synergistic effect of surfactant compounding on performance canbe leveraged to enhance product application performance. Aninvestigation of the surface tension and emulsification properties revealed the complex synergistic effect of the composite system comprising lauryl glucoside (LG) and lauryl glycoside sulfosuccinate (LG-SS). The composite systemwas used as an emulsifier for vitamin E (VE) emulsification.VEnanoemulsions with high VE contentwere successfully prepared. The nanoemulsion appears homogeneous and transparent and has an average size of approximately 200 nm. It has better temperature and centrifugal stability, an antioxidant capacity 2.89 times that of untreated VE, and is not easily oxidized and deactivated. In this study, we successfully constructed a complex system of LG and its derivatives and applied it to VE emulsification-this is a step toward expanding the effective application of glycosides and their derivative composite systems in food, pharmaceutics, and other industries.

Design and Implementation of Automatic Music Composition System Based on Deep Learning

Recently, there has been a notable increase in interest surrounding the utilization of Deep Learning Approaches for AMCS in recent times. However, current methods often lack coherence and authenticity in the generated music. This study proposes a new approach that utilizes RNNs to bridge the gap between traditional compositional methods and modern deep learning techniques. The goal is to produce expressive and coherent musical pieces. Our methodology involves designing and implementing a customized RNN architecture that can effectively capture the complex temporal dependencies present in musical sequences. We experiment with different types of including LSTM networks, RNNs, and GRUs, to overcome challenges such as vanishing gradients and better model longer-term dependencies in music. To train the neural network efficiently and improve model convergence, various deep learning optimizers are utilized in our system. Specifically, we use SGD optimizer to improve the hyper parameters of LSTM and GRUs. The data for training is converted into MIDI format and analyzed, with music lines being identified through a similarity matrix technique. The MIDI data is then prepared for use in the LSTM and GRUs networks. The resulting music is assessed using both objective measures, such as mean squared error, and subjective approaches. This research adds to the advancements in automatic music composition by demonstrating the capability of RNNs in capturing and producing complex musical arrangements.

Quantum nonlocality without entanglement in a 2n-partite system

In recent years, researchers focused their attention on the construction of nonlocal product states in multipartite quantum systems. This paper proposes a novel partitioning method for multipartite quantum systems, aiming to improve the operation efficiency. Firstly, we divide 2n subsystems into n parts two by two and implement orthogonality-preserving local measurement on the partitioned composite systems. Subsequently, based on the partitioning mode, nonlocal orthogonal product states in (C3)⊗6 and (C4)⊗6 are given. Finally, we construct nonlocal orthogonal product states in (Cd)⊗2n and discuss the cases where d is odd and even. Our results demonstrate the phenomenon of nonlocality without entanglement in a 2n-partite system.

Retrosynthetic Life Cycle Assessment: A Short Perspective on the Sustainability of Integrating Thermoplastics and Artificial Intelligence Into Composite Systems

AbstractOver the past 30 years, the polymer composite industry has flourished, producing advanced structural materials for the aviation, energy, and transportation sectors. However, the use of crosslinked thermoset matrices has been linked to significant end‐of‐life challenges, presenting a critical issue for the industry. Moreover, the industry is characterized by numerous labor‐intensive processes. In alignment with Industry 4.0 principles, two major routes have been identified to enhance sustainability: the utilization of high‐performance thermoplastic matrices and the integration of artificial intelligence in manufacturing. Nevertheless, there are substantial concerns regarding the life cycle assessment of these technologies, which are not accounted for in the initial calculations, including the environmental footprint of polymer synthesis and energy requirements for training AI. This perspective aims to address potential and significant CO2 emissions from chemical feedstocks and the high computing requirements of these new technologies.

Experimental investigation on flexural behaviour of prefabricated ultra-shallow steel concrete composite slabs

This paper presents the test results of four static full-size four-point bending tests to investigate the flexural behaviour of a recently developed prefabricated steel-concrete composite ultra-shallow flooring system (PUSS®). The flooring system comprises of T-ribbed concrete floors partially-embedded within and connected to side C-channel beams and horizontally-oriented shear connectors. This study investigates the effects of three parameters on the flexural behaviour of PUSS® and the performance of the shear connectors under bending. The parameters under study are the type of concrete, degree of shear connection and depth of the slab. Four 4 m span test specimens are constructed using two types of concrete, two with reinforced normal weight concrete (NWC) and the remaining two with reinforced lightweight aggregates concrete (LWC). Three of the test specimens employ the unique shear connection system composed of horizontally-oriented steel dowels with horizontally-oriented web-welded shear studs (dowels with WWSS) while the last one employs horizontal steel dowels only. The contribution of the above parameters on flexural behaviour and failure mechanisms are examined. The study concludes that replacing NWC with LWC of similar strength does not affect the flexural behaviour of PUSS® in terms of slab capacity, ductility and failure mechanism. However, LWC demonstrates lower initial stiffness and leads to the development of larger cracks as loads increases. Also, reducing the degree of shear connection lowers the moment capacity of the slabs and results in failure of some shear connectors during testing. PUSS® units exhibit ductile behaviour under bending conditions regardless of the degree of shear connection.

Investigations on morphology, tribology, rheology, thermo-mechanical properties, and EMI shielding of WC/MWCNT nanohybrids in polypropylene

This study is focused to explore the synergism of dual nanofillers (tungsten carbide (WC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)) in melt extruded PP composites. The synergy of fillers in PP enhanced the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and critical stress intensity factor by 141.8%, 35.4%, and 62.6%, respectively, at an optimum filler content of 1 wt% of WC and 2 wt% of MWCNTs. In the hybrid composites, activation energy to initiate thermal decomposition raised by 78% and wear resistance increased by 93%, and the hybrid composites exhibited enhanced reflectivity in the X band region, which contributed to high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The improvement in the properties makes the current hybrid composite system an ideal candidate in application sectors where high modulus, energy absorption, and thermal stability are required.

Progressive Insights into Metal-Organic Frameworks and Metal-Organic Framework-Membrane Composite Systems for Wastewater Management.

The sustainable management of wastewater through recycling and utilization stands as a pressing concern in the trajectory of societal advancement. Prioritizing the elimination of diverse organic contaminants is paramount in wastewater treatment, garnering significant attention from researchers worldwide. Emerging metal-organic framework materials (MOFs), bridging organic and inorganic attributes, have surfaced as novel adsorbents, showcasing pivotal potential in wastewater remediation. Nevertheless, challenges like limited water stability, elevated dissolution rates, and inadequate hydrophobicity persist in the context of wastewater treatment. To enhance the performance of MOFs, they can be modified through chemical or physical methods, and combined with membrane materials as additives to create membrane composite materials. These membrane composites, derived from MOFs, exhibit remarkable characteristics including enhanced porosity, adjustable pore dimensions, superior permeability, optimal conductivity, and robust water stability. Their ability to effectively sequester organic compounds has spurred significant research in this field. This paper introduces methods for enhancing the performance of MOFs and explores their potential applications in water treatment. It delves into the detailed design, synthesis strategies, and fabrication of composite membranes using MOFs. Furthermore, it focuses on the application prospects, challenges, and opportunities associated with MOF composite membranes in water treatment.

Generating a maximally entangled state via a pure global noise environment

We studied the entangling power of two pure global noises, i.e. amplitude damping noise and classic noise. The entangling power of the two-qubit amplitude damping global noise periodically oscillates with time. Additionally, the entangling power of two-qubit global classical noise increases exponentially with time. The maximum entangling power of both of them exceeds that of the perfect entanglers. Based on this, we propose the conditions for generating a maximally entangled state with global noise acting on a two-qubit separable state. Only if the two-qubit composite system, which is initially in one of those product states: 12(|0⟩±|1⟩)⊗12(|0⟩±|1⟩) , |10⟩ and |01⟩ suffers an amplitude damping global noise, can we prepare this system in the maximally entangled state by appropriately controlling the evolution time of amplitude damping. Finally, we investigate the disentanglement of the maximum entangled Bell state using these two types of global noise. The two global noises cannot completely disentangle the Bell states Φ± . Under the influence of amplitude damping global noise, the entanglement of Bell state Ψ+ undergoes a cyclical variation, alternating between disappearance and recovery to reach maximum entanglement within one period. The entanglement of either Bell state Ψ+ or Ψ− is completely independent of global classical noise. The entanglement of Bell state Ψ− is also robust against amplitude damping global noise.

Determining the Most Efficient Method of Strengthening the Reinforced Concrete Columns under Different Loading Levels

Introduction. The method of strengthening the reinforced concrete structures is chosen depending mainly on the cost and timeframe of the performed work. In each specific case, the decision is made depending on the load, type of defects, operational features, etc. Apart from the direct costs of inspection, strengthening project design, materials, lifting and transport services and the cost of strengthening works proper, there is a number of additional costs related to the technological features of the work performed. Among the new methods of strengthening, the method of external strengthening with the composite carbon materials can be particularly emphasised. Compared to the previously developed methods of strengthening with the reinforced concrete and metal, the composite systems are easily transportable and do not incur additional costs. The aim of this study is to determine the method of strengthening most rational for the compressed structures.Materials and methods. The authors have examined three methods of strengthening the compressed reinforced concrete structures. In the frame of the research a numerical experiment has been carried out, in which a reinforced concrete column was strengthened at different strengthening coefficients from 1.1 to 2.0, i.e., from 10 to 100% of strength increase. The estimations of the cost of strengthening the column by three methods of strengthening have been carried out: jacketing using the reinforced concrete, metal and composite materials. After carrying out thirty variants of calculation, a table presenting all specifications and quantities of the materials has been drawn up. At the final stage of the research, the total cost of each method under investigation has been estimated based on the prices of the selling companies.Results. The analysis of strengthening with the reinforced concrete revealed that at most of the strengthening coefficients the achieved structural reinforcement is minimal. Under the high loading levels strengthening with the metal is not economically expedient, as it implies the use of the large-section angles. The composite material systems of external strengthening are very material-consuming at all load increasing coefficients. Taking into account the high cost of materials, this method is basically the least economically expedient.Discussion and conclusion. Based on the results obtained, the efficiency of three most common methods of strengthening the reinforced concrete compressed columns was analysed. Proposals on the rational design of the strengthening systems for the eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete poles under the different eccentricities of load applied have been developed.

The influence of gear load distribution based on coupled systems on gearbox meshing noise

Introduction: With the rapid development of the gearbox manufacturing industry, the internal gear response has received attention, and the control of meshing noise during gear operation has been studied. Conventional noise reduction methods are usually based on gear order, and with the improvement of gearbox manufacturing technology, this method gradually becomes difficult to cope with a wide range of data.Methods: To expand the search domain of noise control systems, this study combines gear response and gear order, and adds the condition of gear uniform load. For common noise reduction problems in composite systems, this study improves the time-varying stiffness excitation mechanism and generates a coupled system.Results: Finally, this study conducts experiments on the Gmnoi dataset and compares it with three systems including quantum genetics to verify the superiority of the proposed system. The suppression effects of the four systems on gear meshing noise were 98.4%, 95.8%, 93.5%, and 92.7%, respectively. Their highest performance for different gear groups was 623, 514, 406, and 423, respectively.Discussion: The experimental results showed that the proposed coupling system has strong robustness and high accuracy in controlling gearbox meshing noise, and is of great significance in reducing noise pollution and improving the working environment of the gearbox.

Development of a pH-responsive ratiometric fluoroprobe based on GSH-CuNCs-Ce3+ and N-CQDs for rapid/sensitive malathion detection in fruit juices

Herein, we engineered a novel pH-responsive ratiometric assay by virtue of the composite system of Ce3+-enhanced glutathione-encapsulated copper nanoclusters (GSH-CuNCs-Ce3+) and N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs). The GSH-CuNCs-Ce3+ and N-CQDs were fabricated using one-pot chemical reduction and hydrothermal approaches, respectively, and their morphologies as well as physical and chemical properties were testified in detail by a series of characterization techniques. At 350 nm excitation wavelength, the GSH-CuNCs-Ce3+/N-CQDs system (GCC-NC) featured the 440/650 nm dual-emitting property. The ratios of fluorescence intensities (F650/F440) demonstrated a strong pH-dependence from 3.0 to 5.0 with a coefficient of determination of 0.9982. Consequently, the GCC-NC system was feasible for constructing a pH-responsive dual-emitting fluoroprobe. Based on the catalytic effect of acetylcholinesterase on acetylcholine to yield acetic acid and further trigger varying solution pH, the as-constructed GCC-NC fluoroprobe was satisfactorily applied for detecting malathion. Under optimized conditions, the newly developed GCC-NC fluoroprobe supplied a wider linear range (0.25–200 μM), lower detection limit (0.075 μM), satisfactory recoveries (96.3–106.2%) and higher precision for malathion in several kinds of fruit juice samples. The fortified experiments by malathion’s structural analogues and metal ions provided compelling evidence that this fluoroprobe had strong anti-interference capacity and high specificity for malathion. These findings render us to believe that the as-constructed pH-responsive dual-emitting fluoroprobe holds great promise in trace malathion assay in food matrices.

Segmentation of the Tashkurgan normal fault in the eastern Pamir: Insights from geomorphology and thermochronology and implications for fault-slip transfer

At the northwestern end of the India–Asia collision zone, in the eastern Pamir interior, the Kongur Shan extensional system extends for ∼250 km as a composite system of normal faults. As the southernmost segment of the extensional system, the Tashkurgan fault can be divided into a northern and southern segment by the intersection of the Tahman and Tashkurgan faults. To evaluate the tectonic activity along the Tashkurgan fault and explore the extensional characteristics of the southern Kongur Shan extensional system, we integrate geomorphologic analysis with thermochronologic data and modeling. Geomorphic indices, including local relief, normalized channel steepness index (ksn), and river χ-plots, show that the southern Tashkurgan fault is more active than the northern Tashkurgan fault. On the footwall of the northern Tashkurgan fault, most thermochronologic data, which include biotite 40Ar/39Ar (Arbt), zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe), apatite fission track (AFT), and apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) dates, record emplacement-related cooling, and only a few AHe dates possibly record exhumation of <2 km since ∼7 Ma ago. On the footwall of the southern Tashkurgan fault, almost all of the ZHe, AFT, and AHe dates record significant late Miocene to present exhumation; thus, we perform three-dimensional thermokinematic modeling for the normal slip along this fault segment. Modeling results indicate a probably constant slip rate on the southern Tashkurgan fault at a value of 1.4–1.5 mm/a, which corresponds to 6–7 km of both horizontal extension and footwall uplift since 6.5 Ma ago. All together, the geomorphic and thermochronologic evidences imply that the southern Tashkurgan fault is responsible for the ∼E–W extension along the southernmost portion of the Kongur Shan extensional system, while the northern fault segment plays a minor role in the extension. This result, combined with the previously published magnitude of extension along the southern Kongur Shan fault, indicates that the extension at any site along the southern Kongur Shan extensional system can be primarily attributed to normal faulting along a single border fault, which is a typical characteristic of an interbasin transfer zone with a transfer fault.

Improvement in the dielectric, magnetic, ferroelectric, and magnetoelectric coupling attributes of BaTiO3/CoNb0.02Fe1.98O4 composite systems

The search for new materials and compositions, in which the phenomena of ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity are closely coupled, is of great technological interest. In the present study, composite systems of (BaTiO3)(100-x)%/(CoNb0·02Fe1·98O4)x% where x = 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100% were produced. Initially, BaTiO3 (BTO) was made by sol-gel combustion approach and CoFe1·98Nb0·02O4 (CoFeNbO) was made by hydrothermal method. Both compounds were then combined via solid-state reaction route to form the composite systems. According to X-ray diffraction, the pristine BTO and CoNbFeO display tetragonal and cubic structures, respectively, and all composite systems consisted of the cubic phase for BTO and spinel phase for CoNbFeO. Scanning electron microscopy showed a decrease in grain size (from 0.552 μm to 0.194 μm) and porosity (from 18.65% to 4.57%) as the CoNbFeO content increases from x = 0 to x = 20%, respectively. The influence of magnetic CoNbFeO content on the magnetic, ferroelectric, magnetoelectric coefficient, electric, and dielectric properties of composite systems has been investigated. The ferromagnetic and ferroelectric natures of diverse composite systems are reflected via the registered M-H and P-E loops at ambient temperature. A steady increase in magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization and remanent magnetization is observed as the spinel ferrite CoNbFeO content increases. Similarly, the values of the electric coercivity increased from 1.65 kV/cm for x = 0% to 3.99 kV/cm for x = 20%. The frequency-dependent dielectric and electrical measurements were also investigated at various temperatures. By raising the measurement temperature, the dielectric polarization was found to increase for composite systems with x > 2%. Interestingly, the tangent loss was reduced for different composite systems in comparison to pristine BTO and CoNbFeO materials. The lowest tangent loss values were noticed for x = 5% composite system. All composite systems revealed good magnetoelectric coupling with coupling coefficient magnitudes up to a maximum value of ∼22.5 mV/cm.Oe, indicating that they can be potential candidates for use in advanced multifunctional electric devices.

Feasibility and performance study on the novel photovoltaic thermal heat pipe/heat pump composite cycle trigeneration system in summer

Photovoltaic thermal heat pump technology with deep utilization of solar energy has great market potential to achieve “Carbon Neutrality” in the building sector. A novel photovoltaic thermal heat pipe/heat pump composite cycle trigeneration system synergetic driven by a compressor and a working fluid circulating pump was proposed and experimentally verified. On this basis, the trigeneration performance and operating characteristics of the novel system were tested and investigated in the summer. The experimental results showed that the novel system can arbitrarily switching between different cycles and has an excellent energy saving effect. The average electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, heating COP, and refrigerating COP of the novel system were 10.1%, 40.3%, 7.02, and 2.60, respectively. During the whole day, the comprehensive COP for heating, power generation, and refrigerating of the novel system was 13.93. The heating COP and comprehensive COP of the novel system were 20%–50% and 40%–65% higher than that of the existing photovoltaic thermal heat pump trigeneration system, respectively. Furthermore, the CO2 emission of the novel system was 4042 kg CO2 in summer, which was 20%–80% lower than that of other technical solutions. The novel system represents a practical response to the need to achieve the total decarbonization of the building sector.

A Highly Synergistic Dual-Cathode Electro-Fenton Process with Self-Regulation of pH and Coating Stability for the Effective Degradation of Refractory Pollutants

As a result of issues related to pH control and the competition between H2O2 production and activation at the same sites, the applications of electro-Fenton (EF) pollutant remediation systems are limited. This work designed a synergistic dual-cathode EF system that exhibits self-adjustment of pH and stable electrode coatings. This system is based on using biomass as the active cathode material for H2O2 generation and the interaction between a stainless-steel mesh and FeOCl to reduce Fe3+ ions. The synergistic factor for this dual-cathode system was calculated to be 85.2%. Significantly, the production and activation of H2O2 in this composite system are unaffected by pH and the pH value can be adjusted between 9.67 and 3.7 without adding any acidic reagents. This process allows for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants over the pH range of 3 to 9 without pre-acidification or challenges related to iron sludge and effluent chromaticity. Various organic pollutants, including antibiotics and organic dyes, can be effectively decomposed using this technology, which also exhibits good stability throughout 22 continuous trials over 1400 min. This work demonstrates a novel yet viable approach to highly efficient, inexpensive pollutant treatment with good reusability, a wide pH range and no iron leaching.