Composite Plot Research Articles

Low forest productivity associated with increasing drought-tolerant species is compensated by an increase in drought-tolerance richness.

Many temperate forests are changing in composition due to a combination of changes in land-use, management and climate-related disturbances. Previous research has shown that in some regions these changes frequently favour drought-tolerant tree species. However, the effects of these changes in composition on forest functioning (e.g. productivity) are unclear. We studied 25years of change in individual tree biomass growth, ingrowth and mortality, and community composition and total plot biomass across 2663 permanent forest plots in Catalonia (NE Spain) comprising 85,220 trees of 59 species. We focused on the relationship between community-level forest productivity and drought tolerance (DT), which was estimated using hydraulic traits as well as biogeographic indicators. We found that there was a small increase (1.6%-3.2% on average) in community-mean DT (DTcwm) during the study period, concurrent with a strong increase (12.4%-19.4% on average) in DT richness (DTric; i.e. trait range). Most importantly, we found that the mean DT was negatively related to forest productivity, which was explained because drought-tolerant tree species have lower tree-level growth. In contrast, DT richness was strongly and positively related to forest productivity, probably because it allowed for a more stable production along wet and dry periods. These results suggest a negative impact of ongoing climate change on forest productivity mediated by functional composition shifts (i.e. selection of drought-tolerant species), and a positive effect of increased DT richness as a consequence of land-use legacies. Such a trend towards functional diversification, although temporary, would increase forests' capacity to resist drought and place them in a better position to face the expected change in climate.

Comparison of the chemical diversity ofVitis rotundifoliaandVitis viniferacv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’

Grapevine is one of the most important fruit plants in the world, mainly due to its grapes and related products, with a highly economic and cultural importance. Every year, vineyards are affected by several pathogen outbreaks and the only way to control them is through preventive applications of agrochemicals every 12 to 15 days. This approach is not sustainable and not always effective. TheVitisgenus comprise different species that exhibit varying levels of resistance to pathogens, thus the understanding of the innate resistance/susceptibility mechanisms of these differentVitisspecies is crucial to cope with these threats. In this work, an untargeted metabolomics approach was followed, using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), to analyse the metabolic chemical diversity of twoVitisspecies:Vitis rotundifolia(resistant to pathogens) andV. viniferacv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (susceptible to pathogens). Chemical formulas from bothVitiswere used to build Van Krevelen diagrams and compositional space plots, which do not require full metabolite identification and provide an easy comparison method. Based only on these visualization tools, it was shown that theV. rotundifoliametabolome is more complex than the metabolome ofV. viniferacv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Moreover, the regions that present a higher density are associated to lipids, polyketides and carbohydrates. Also,V. rotundifoliametabolome presented a higher ratio O/C compounds.

Data-driven prediction of biomass pyrolysis pathways toward phenolic and aromatic products

This study clarifies the reaction pathway for biomass pyrolysis to phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons by analyzing 20 biomass samples using a central composite design and response surface plot. The pyrolysis reaction was performed using two integrated fixed-bed reactors. The product yield was significantly affected by pyrolysis temperature when utilizing the thermal cracking, repolymerization, and Boudouard reaction pathways. The bio-oil used in the study was obtained from the volatile matter fraction, where the fixed carbon content strongly affected biochar yield. Regarding bio-oil composition, both pyrolysis temperature and biomass constituents, including hemicellulose and lignin, significantly affected the yield of phenolics and aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, biomass pyrolysis reaction pathways toward phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons were proposed.

A new graphical approach for simultaneous targeting and design of mass exchange networks

Since the early 90’s, Composite Curves (CC) and the Grid Diagram (GD) have been among the most popular graphical tools for targeting and design of Mass Exchange Networks (MEN) based on Pinch Analysis technique. However, CC has limitations since it maps rich and lean streams based on composites instead of individual streams on the composition versus mass load (y-M) diagram. Hence, it cannot directly be used for network design. The network design needs to be developed separately using sets of design criteria. This paper presents Stream Composition versus Mass Load Plot (SCMP) as new graphical approach for simultaneous MEN targeting and network design to overcome limitations of CC and GD. The SCMP shows the pinch point, maximum mass recovery, and the minimum Mass Separating Agent (MSA) targets. The network design to achieve these targets can be obtained by graphically translating the SCMP curves into Mass Allocation Network and Targeting (MANT) diagram.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ХУДОЖНЬО-ОБРАЗНОГО СПРИЙМАННЯ ХОРЕОГРАФІЧНОЇ КОМПОЗИЦІЇ У ПРОЦЕСІ БАЛЕТМЕЙСТЕРСЬКОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ХОРЕОГРАФІЇ

The article enlightens the plot of the artistic issue – of forming artistically-figurative perceptions of the choreographic composition in the process of ballet master training of future choreography teachers. It emphasizes the consistent patterns connected with methodological guidance, which results from theoretical and practical significance for professional training of future choreography teachers. The article analyses and substantiates theoretically-methodological training of future choreography teachers, which comprises pedagogical and professional knowledge and skills, essential for their ballet master occupation. Of forming artistically-figurative perceptions of the choreographic composition indicates the devised professional teaching methodology in context of optional courses "Ballet master art", "Dance composition and production", "Choreographer proficiency", which might spur the development of ballet master profession, taking into account the indicated components of studying (motivational, cognitive, actively-creative, operational) and resolutions to them occur in artistically-figurative form, indicating for this purpose artistically-creative and compositionally-expressive means. Professional training of future choreography teachers results from their capability of appropriate reproduction of ballet master scenic image model, artistic comprehension of the suggested by the author vital material, independent solution of practical tasks, ballet master skills proficiency, analytical capability, synthesizing and interpreting of figurative plot of choreographic composition. These regulations demand ballet master knowledge and skills, comprehension of choreographic works, independently-creative search, self-expression in various types of performing activities from students. Artistically-creative comprehension of choreographic composition demands from future choreography teachers perfect and correct sense of figurative build, naturalness, national characteristics of a dance, which were conceived by the ballet master and expressed by means of plasticity, by means of dance.

Thermal Performance of Ammonia in Dual Mixed Refrigerant Cycle of Natural Gas Liquefaction Process

Abstract Mixed refrigerant (MR) system is commonly used for a liquefaction process of liquid natural gas (LNG) plants due to its higher efficiency of heat transfer rate compared to pure refrigerants. The performance of MR system is highly dependent on the variable refrigerant composition, which is challenging to obtain in a practical LNG plant setting. To address this challenge, this study investigates a unique approach to improve the exergy efficiency of liquefaction cycle employing ammonia in the mixture while keeping the MR molar composition constant in dual mixed refrigerant (DMR) cycle. A control strategy is proposed to regulate the MR flowrate through flow control sensors and a series of Joule-Thomason (JT) valves to sustain the desired efficiency of the cycle under various plant’s operation conditions. The robustness and adaptability of two proposed MR compositions were examined under eight cases by varying natural gas (NG) feed pressure and methane concentration. Composite curve plots were utilized as a tool to control the minimum temperature approach (MTA) and to improve exergy efficiency of the cycle. Furthermore, findings revealed that mixtures which included ammonia yielded a reduction in the number of compressors, as well as a reduced the overall amount of compressors rate of shaft work required for the liquefaction cycle. The results emphasize that DMR is most efficient when NG methane concentration is at 75%. Furthermore, the compressor rate of shaft work reduced by 13.3%, while exergy efficiency of the cycle increased by 14.3%, when natural gas methane concentration reduced from 90% to 75%.

Quantitative Minerological Analysis of Some Granite Rocks of Deoghar Jharkhand

Crystalline minerals in granite rocks has been quantatively analysed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope supported with Energy Dispersed Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). SEM microphotograph reveals that rock is dominated by brightly illuminated quartz imbedded in the matrix with mica and other minor minerals. The X-ray mineral composition data have been plotted with SEM-EDS mineral composition, data shows that the composition obtained by two technique are in consistent within the experimental limit and in good agreement. Further plot of chemical composition of constituent oxides of granite sample by XRD and SEM-EDS confirm the consistency of two technique and similarity with Jharkhand mean granite composition. Silica composition have been plotted with trace element Pb, Ba, Zr, Rb, and Alumina composition with Pb , Ba, Zr and Rb shows that these elements are randomly imbedded in the matrix with almost uniform composition. Al2O 3 composition have been plotted with Ba, Pb, and Zr shows almost constant composition in all the five samples. Based on XRD and SEM-EDS results, it was reveals that granite sample from the study areas are peraluminius rocks composed of mainly quartz, muscovite, kaolinite, chlorite and albite.

PNS147 VISUALIZATION AND COMMUNICATION OF RESULTS FROM BAYESIAN NETWORK META-ANALYSIS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

Network meta-analysis (NMA) is commonly conducted within a Bayesian framework, with presentation and communication of results informed by previously published guidance documents. Recently, authors have proposed a multiplicity of approaches to visualize and report findings. This has caused issues in comparability of analyses across publications and complication in interpretation of results by non-statistical stakeholders. We provide recommendations for the use and interpretation of Bayesian NMA results and propose a standard battery of visualizations and statistics to improve understanding of this methodology. We compared communication and visualization of results of Bayesian NMAs from recent publications. Resulting approaches were classified according to their purpose and were assessed as to whether they: (a) support the intended use; (b) introduce difficulty in interpretation; and (c) adhere to a Bayesian decision-making framework. Core visualizations of Bayesian NMAs have remained relatively unchanged since initial publications. The choice of summary differs according to whether the goal is to compare a single agent to comparators (i.e., typically sponsored publications) or to estimate comparative effectiveness more broadly for academic or health technology assessment purposes. Heatmaps have been introduced to provide rapid summaries of various output statistics. Attempts to communicate balance of benefit and harm has focused on bivariate SUCRA plots that may be difficult to interpret when absolute rates differ. Composite forest plots augmented by additional summary characteristics such as probability better offer an attractive option to display interval estimates alongside Bayesian summaries, although the conventional focus on 95% intervals may inadvertently encourage dichotomization of evidence. We introduce two new visualizations: the ridge forest plot and minimally important benefit curves to support Bayesian presentation and interpretation of results. Communication of Bayesian NMAs for non-statistical audiences can be improved through clear recommendations for standard comprehensive reporting. We provide initial recommendations for visualization and communication of Bayesian NMA results.

Visualizing fertility trends for 45 countries using composite lattice plots

Background: The Human Fertility Database (HFD) and Human Fertility Collection (HFC) provide disaggregated data on age-specific fertility rates for 45 countries. These sources offer the opportunity to learn about the development of different pathways of transition to low fertility both within and between countries. Objective: The aim of this paper is to use composite fertility lattice plots, which combine information from different visualization techniques of the Lexis surface, namely level plots and contour plots, to explore changes in age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) and the implied (period-based) cumulative cohort fertility rates (cumulative pseudo cohort fertility rates, CPCFRs) across countries and geographic regions. Methods: Through key examples we introduce a new refinement of the Lexis surface, combining level plots, which use colour/shade to indicate ASFRs, and contour lines to indicate fertility milestones for given cohorts (CPCFRs). We have also developed a web-based app to allow researchers to produce their own fertility Lexis surfaces. Results: Results show that once countries have fallen below a replacement fertility level, they tend to not return to it. Exceptions are Norway and the United States, which saw rising fertility rates for cohorts born after the 1950s and late 1960s respectively. The age-specific fertility trends, as well as broader political and socioeconomic conditions, are very different in these countries, suggesting different paths by which replacement fertility rates might be achieved. Contribution: Complex data visualizations show, in an intuitive way, how ASFRs are related to successive cohorts’ fertility milestones (CPCFRs). Combining this information enables us to explore differences between countries and can make an important contribution to comparative fertility research.

An Assessment of the Causes of Wellbore Instability and Stuck Pipe Occurrences in an Offshore Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Wellbore instability and consequential stuck pipe issues are a common challenge associated with offshore drilling. Usually, the effect of wellbore instability is an increase in nonproductive time, possible loss of tools and costly drilling operations. Hence, there is a need for wellbore stability analyses before and during drilling operations. In “Agaza Field”, offshore Niger Delta, wellbore instability problems were encountered at various depths between 3,696-4,270 ft.; 5,000-5,425 ft. and 7,600-8000 ft. intervals. Sixty-five ditch-cutting samples and composite log plots obtained from both wells were and analyzed to determine the clay swelling potential and the cationic exchange between the formation and the drilling fluid as well as causes of formation instability. Agaza-1 well showed evidence of tight hole at intervals between 4,200 and 7,600 ft. In Agaza-2, there were indications of wellbore stresses from 1,908 ft. to 2,030 ft. However, deeper than 4,225ft depth, high fluctuation of pore pressure coincided with wellbore instability between 4,810 ft. and 5,200 ft. The principal clay minerals present within the formations are Illite, Smectite and Smectite/Illite interlayered types. Result of the cation exchange analysis showed that high concentration of calcium and sodium in the shale is responsible for high dissociation of the constituent minerals hence making the shales unstable. Analysis has shown that samples at some intervals from both wells are associated with high swelling potential while average cation exchange value is 40 meq/100g. Therefore, the primary cause of wellbore instability and stuck pipe within the studied intervals are attributed to high swelling and reactivity over time due to fluidformation interaction. Keywords: Clay cationic exchange, Clay swelling potential, Offshore drilling challenges, Reactive shales. African

Construction of Two-Dimensional Regression Models of the Current-voltage Characteristics of the Output Current of Field-Effect Transistors Using the PLExp Information System

A problem was formulated and a methodology proposed for constructing the two-dimensional current-voltage characteristic of an output current of a field transistor in the form of its dependence on the input and output voltages. With the aid of the PLExp information system, the design of the computational test was fulfilled and the results of field studies were processed in studying the characteristics of the output current of field transistors with a controlling p–n transition. A two-dimensional regression analysis of the dispersion of the experimental data was conducted, the quality of the regression models that were constructed was evaluated, and the effect on the quality of the regression model from the number of input test points was studied. A regression model using the orthogonal central second-order composition plot was developed. The results of computational test on field studies are provided in the form of the table of coefficients of the polynomials for the two-dimensional regression models and in the form of graphs. In order to construct the current-voltage characteristics, polynomial two-dimensional regression models constructed on nine observational points were used. The ranges of factor variation within which the regression model is significant were established. The significance of the regression equation as a whole was evaluated using two criteria: the Fisher criterion and the criterion of the mean error of approximation. It was discovered that decreasing the number of test points by a factor of three does not result in significant quality degradation of the regression model. The proposed experimental method based on the regression model makes it possible to construct the two-dimensional characteristics also of other types of insulated-gate field effect transistors.

Peak compression in linear gradient elution liquid chromatography

An expression for peak compression factor based on temporal peak widths is proposed which can be measured directly. The relationship between it and peak compression factor based on spatial peak widths is given. The experimental data presented in the Neue's work are reevaluated. The peak compression factor is recalculated by taking into account the curvature in the plot of logarithmic retention factor (lnk) vs. mobile phase composition (φ) and the variation in plate height (H) with φ. The lnk vs. φ plot is accounted for by quadratic solvent strength model (QSSM). The lnH vs. φ plot is accounted for by QSSM and a quadratic equation that accounts for the plot of logarithmic peak width obtained under isocratic elution (lnWI) vs. φ. By taking these two factors into account, the discrepancy between experimental and predicted values of peak width is reduced. This result confirms the Neue's conclusion that the anomalous peak broadening reported previously may be an artifact of the procedure to determine the theoretical value of peak width. Moreover, by assuming linear gradient elution, constant column efficiency, and general solvent strength, the relationship between peak compression factors obtained under ideal and real situation respectively is discussed.

Influence of the pre-elution of solute in initial mobile phase on retention time and peak compression under linear gradient elution

Under gradient elution the solute will firstly migrate in initial mobile phase due to dwelling time (tD) of the system. The pre-elution of solute in initial mobile phase can be accounted for by a dimensionless value of tD/(t0kφ0), where t0 and kφ0 denote dead time and retention factor in initial mobile phase, respectively. The influence of tD/(t0kφ0) on retention time (tR) and peak compression factor (G) are discussed under linear gradient elution. A general expression for G is proposed, and two analytical forms of it which are suited for linear solvent strength model (LSSM) and quadratic solvent strength model (QSSM) respectively are presented. The well-known Poppe equation for G which is derived under LSSM is extended by taking tD/(t0kφ0) into account. The expression for G under QSSM takes into account the curvature in the plot of logarithmic retention factor vs. mobile phase composition. By taking twelve compounds degraded from lignin as analytes, the experimental and predicted chromatograms are found to be well consistent. It is shown that tD/(t0kφ0) has more effects on the prediction of tR than that of G.

Барабинская культура раннего неолита

Purpose. Based on the results of the study of materials of the Tartas-1 and Ust-Tartas-1 sites and radiocarbon dating, the article explores the Baraba culture of the early Neolithic era (VII thousand BC, entering the VIII and VI thousand BC). Results. The Neolithic parking lot, studied at Tartas-1, is represented by two structures, a smokehouse and a series of pits for storing fish. A significant number of finds from bone and stone have been found. The ceramic complex is of particular importance. These are flat-bottomed containers, made in the technique of orderly patchwork, using a molding cord on the top of the vessel, and roller-flow around the perimeter of the bottom. The ornament is represented by a complex plot of an asymmetrical composition. The stone industry is characterized as plate-like with a high value of linear technology. The absence of stone arrowheads is characteristic of this. Fish was harvested in pits. At different stages of operation, corpses of different animals were placed inside. The bones of Late Pleistocene fauna have been revealed. The original ritual complex was discovered on the monument of Ust-Tartas-1. Conclusion. In Baraba, the ceramics of Tartas-1 and Ust-Tartas-1 are similar to the ceramics of Autodrome-2/2, which is related to Boborykinskaya culture, direct dating of ceramics attributed to the last quarter 6th – mid 5th thousand BC. The early Neolithic sites of the North with complexes with flat-bottomed utensils date from the end of the 7th – first half of 6th thousand BC. Neolithic flat-bottomed utensils of Western Siberia should be assessed as a phenomenon of general historical and stage nature. The classification of Tartas complexes with flat-bottomed utensils to Boborykinskaya culture is inaccurate and incorrect. The latter appears to be much younger in time. The discoveries of sites with flat-bottomed ceramics allow a completely new idea of the dynamics of historical and cultural processes in the forest and steppe of the Irtysh area.

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UMAT TRACHYTIC PLUG: IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR ORIGIN

The Umat trachytic plug is located in Bokkos area, Plateau State, part of Kurra sheet 189 (NE), North Central Nigeria. This study presents the geochemical results carried out on some samples of the Umat Trachytic Plug. The Umat trachytic hill extruded the Precambrian Basement granite-gneiss complex and in places, the Pan African Granites (Older Granites), Younger Granites Complexes and the Cenozoic volcanoes. A total of 10 rocks samples from the trachytic hill were analyzed for major, trace and rare earth elements using XRF and ICPMS respectively. Major, trace and rare element composition ratios and plots show that they have the same mantle source. They are alkali in nature which have been emplaced within plate volcanism comparable with Ocean Island Basalts as opposed to Mid-Oceanic-Ridge basalts which are tholeiitic. On the TAS classification diagram, the rocks expressed variation in their composition ranging from phonolite to tephriphonolite-trachyandesite. This is consistence with their trace element ratios such as Zr/Y; Ba/Nb, Ba/La, Zr/Nb, Th/Nb and La/Nb which are higher than those of primitive mantle and MORB but similar to those observed in the ocean island basalts. The average Zr/Y, Ba/Nb, Ba/La ratios are in agreement with a derivation related to OIB like mantle source. Similarly, their LREEs are highly incompatible in the mantle-melt system and LREE ratios should be close to those of the mantle source under batch melting condition. On chondrite-normalized REE patterns, the rocks exhibit strong LREE enrichment with (La/Yb) La/Ce ratios varying from 9.29 to 31. These ratios are higher than those of NMORB (0.5), EMORB (1.3) and OIB (12), indicating LREE enrichment which may be interpreted as due to low degrees of partial melting or reflecting an enriched fertile mantle source.

Compressive creep behavior of a γ-TiAl based Ti–45Al–8Nb–2Cr-0.2B alloy: The role of β(B2)-phase and concurrent phase transformations

The primary and steady-state compressive creep deformation behavior of an as-cast high Nb containing γ-TiA1 alloy having remnant β(B2)-phase has been studied over the temperature range of 750–850 °C at constant initial applied stress levels between 75-200 MPa. The creep curves derived over the entire creep testing conditions show a prominent primary creep regime which is attributed to the presence of dislocation debris of the coarse γ-grains at the colony boundaries. The stress and temperature dependence of the steady-state creep rate follows the Norton-Bailey power law and the corresponding average value of the stress exponent and apparent activation energy are estimated to be 3.6 and 375 kJ/mol, respectively. The average value of the stress exponent in conjunction with the dislocation substructure of the crept samples suggests that the kinetics of creep deformation within the studied experimental conditions is controlled by the non-conservative motion (climb) of dislocations. Further misorientation analyses of the phase-resolved EBSD maps imply that for most of the conditions creep strain is carried by the γ-TiAl phase. Consequently, contrary to the commonly believed idea, the β(B2)-phase does not appear to deteriorate the creep resistance of the present alloy below suitable combinations of temperature and stress. Beyond these conditions, the concurrent deformation of γ-TiAl and β(B2)-phases is found to enhance the steady-state creep rate. In addition, characteristics of the dynamic transformation of β(B2) phase into γ and α2 phases during creep and its effect on the steady-state creep rate are further considered. Finally, the application potential of the present alloy is compared through a composite plot of Larson-Miller parameter with several other potential alloys reported in the literature.

Timing, magnitude and geochemistry of major Southeast Asian volcanic eruptions: identifying tephrochronologic markers

ABSTRACTWe review the current knowledge about Southeast Asian volcanoes and their eruption histories, and focus on identifying tephrochronologic markers representing major explosive eruptions in order to further future palaeoclimate and volcanological studies. Forty‐one volcanic edifices in Southeast Asia have been classified as large calderas by Whelleyet al. (2015) and thus have, or are likely to have, produced large explosive eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6–8. Unfortunately, only 20 such eruptions have known ages, spanning from 1.2 Ma to 1991ad, and fewer have geochemical data that can be used for tephrostratigraphic correlations. Volcanic products from different geodynamic regions and different sources can generally be distinguished on major element plots (e.g. K2O versus CaO) of matrix glass composition. However, the distinction of multiple eruptions from the same source often requires additional data such as trace element compositions of matrix glass and/or mineral compositions. Biotite, but also magnetite compositions (MgO and TiO2content in particular) appear to be very discriminating. Up to nine tuffs in addition to the three to four Toba tuffs can be utilised as widespread tephrochronologic markers and span a range from 1.2 to 1.6 Ma to recent. As only a few Holocene major eruptions have been well characterised and dated, many large calderas are still unstudied, and many distal tephra layers are still lacking a source, more tephrochronologic markers can certainly be defined in the future.

Evaluation of crystallization and emplacement conditions of the McKenzie Gulch porphyry dykes using chemistry of rock-forming minerals: Implications for mineralization potential

Electron microprobe analyses of rock-forming minerals in the Middle Devonian (386.2 ± 3.1 and 386.4 ± 3.3 Ma) intermediate to felsic porphyry dykes of the McKenzie Gulch (MG) area, in northern New Brunswick, Canada are used to constrain important intensive parameters, such as oxygen fugacity (fO2), temperature, pressure, dissolved water (H2Omelt) content, and emplacement conditions. Biotite compositions plot just above the nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) buffer at fO2 values of ~−12.22, which together with the presence of magnetite indicate oxidizing conditions during crystallization. On a FeOtotal–MgO–Al2O3 discrimination diagram, biotite compositions plot in the calc-alkaline field, consistent with petrochemical observations, whereas in terms of log(XF/XOH) versus log(XMg/XFe), biotite plots in the moderately contaminated I-type field, suggesting possible interaction of these magmas with host rocks during their evolution.Pressure and temperature conditions of the magma estimated from aluminum-in-hornblende barometry and amphibole–plagioclase thermometry suggest that hornblende phenocrysts in these rocks crystallized at temperatures between ~700° and 810 °C and pressures between 4 and 6 kbar. Depth estimates based on these pressures suggest that these magmas resided at depths between ~13 and ≥19 km prior to final emplacement as dykes in the upper crust. The estimated water (H2Omelt) content of the magmas that fed the dykes indicates that they were highly hydrous (up to ~5.0 wt%), consistent with the presence of phases such as hornblende and biotite. High magmatic water content is a prerequisite for the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits and can be used to assess the prospectivity of these slab failure magmatic suites for porphyry and skarn mineralization.

Molecular Docking of a Bio Material [1-{[(Z)-Cyclopentylidene] Amino}-3-Phenylthiourea] by First Principles Study

Molecular Docking and complete quantum chemical studies of 1-{[(Z)-Cyclopentylidene] amino}-3-phenylthiourea have been done by using DFT/ B3LYP method and 6-311 G (d, p) as the basis set. We have compared optimized geometry of title molecule with experimental data. A detailed interpretation of the vibrational assignments of title molecule is reported. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MESP) generated by a chemical species is widely used as a tool for exploring its properties and locating potential sites for interaction with other moieties. Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behavior of materials in nonlinear media. In quantum chemistry, a natural bond orbital or NBO is a calculated bonding orbital with maximum electron density. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a quantum mechanical theory used in physics and chemistry to investigate the properties and dynamics of many-body systems in the presence of time-dependent potentials, such as electric or magnetic fields.The electronic properties of title molecule are discussed with help of molecular FHOMO, FLUMO composition, band gap, and MESP plots. The NLO, NBO, UV spectra of title molecule also calculated with same level of theory. Some biological parameter Log P and Log S are also calculated which suggests that the title molecule have good ability to deliver drugs in various diseases.

The specifics of the narrative in the opera genre

The specifics of the narrative in the opera genre