Different Types Of Components Research Articles

Design on Universal Flight Test Platform for Aerospace Components

In view of the current problems such as immethodical in-orbit testing and verification of components, and complex and diversified methods of development of test verification devices and in-orbit testing of components, the paper proposes a systematic design scheme for a universal flight verification platform for components. The paper elaborates on the demand analysis, functional module division, in-orbit test methods, etc. with regard to the platform, analyzes the platform's advantages in carrying out in-orbit tests to different types of components, and realizes the generalization, standardization and modularization of the flight test platform.

The number of failed components in series–parallel system and its application to optimal design

The number of components that are failed at the time of system failure is a useful quantity since it gives an idea of how many spares should be available to replace all failed components upon the system failure. In this paper, the number of failed components is considered at subsystem and system levels for the series–parallel system that consists of K subsystems. In particular, the joint behavior of the number of failed components in each subsystem is studied when each subsystem has identical components and different subsystems have different types of components. The results are then used to find the optimal number of components in each subsystem by minimizing an expected cost per unit of time upon the system failure.

Understanding contents of filled-in Bangla form images

With a wide variety of forms being generated in different organizations daily, efficient and quick retrieval of information from these forms becomes a pressing need. The data on these forms are imperative to any commercial or professional purpose and thus, efficient retrieval of this data is important for further processing of the same. An automatic form processing system retrieves the content of a filled-in form image for useful storage of the same. Despite a large population of the world speaking in Bangla, to the best of our knowledge, there is no significant research work found in literature which deals with form data written in Bangla. To bridge this research gap, in the present scope of the work, we have developed a system that addresses four important aspects of processing of form data written using Bangla script. Our work has primarily been divided into four major modules: touching component separation, text non-text separation, handwritten printed text separation and alphabet numeral separation. The vital problem of touching component separation has been addressed using a novel rule-based method. For text non-text separation, handwritten printed text separation and alphabet numeral separation, we have used a machine learning based approach using feature engineering where the model for each case has been finalized after exhaustive experiments. Further, in each of the last three modules, we have applied some new features along with some existing features to appropriately tune the modules to obtain optimum results. Notably, we have also prepared a self-made database of filled-in forms. To create different training models, first the filled-in form images are binarized, and then different types of components are colored uniquely to obtain images which act as the ground truth for our reference. Evaluation of modules on the said database produces reasonably satisfactory results considering the complexity of the research problem. The code along with some filled-in sample form images and their respective ground truth images are provided in the link https://github.com/rajdeep-cse17/Form_Processing .

Reliability modeling for a repairable (k1, k2)-out-of-n: G system with phase-type vacation time

This paper proposes a novel mathematical model for reliability dealing with a (k1, k2)-out-of-n: G repairable system consisting of two different types of components. It is assumed that the working times of two different types of components are distributed exponentially with different parameters. In the case of failures occurring in components, a repairman is assigned to repair them. The repair time of each failed component is governed by the same exponential distribution. On the other hand, the repairman’s vacation time follows a phase-type distribution. The system operates if and only if at least k1 type 1 components and k2 type 2 components function simultaneously. The system reliability measures are analyzed using Markov process theory and matrix analytical method. An illustrative example related to the solar power generation system is provided to examine the effectiveness and the applicability of the proposed model.

Reduced-Reflection Multilayer PCB Microstrip with Discontinuity Characterization

In the era of technology and communication, printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be found in a myriad of devices—from ordinary household items, to state of the art custom metrology equipment. Different types of component for wireless communications are available and come in various packages, supplied by multiple manufacturers. The signal landpads for some high-frequency connectors and components, encapsulated in larger packages, are usually wider than the controlled impedance trace, thereby introducing unwanted impedance mismatch and resulting in signal reflections. The component land pad and microstrip width a discrepancy issue can be found in both complex high-density industrial devices and system-level academic research papers. This paper addresses the topic of compensating discontinuities, introduced by signal pads, which are wider than the target impedance microstrip, characterizes the difference between the compensated and uncompensated microstrip with discontinuity, and proposes a generalized guideline on compensating for the introduced impedance change in multilayer PCBs. The compensation method is based upon carefully designing the stackup of the PCB allowing for a reference plane cutout under the discontinuity to even out the impedance mismatch. A 6-layer PCB with IT180A dielectric material containing three structures has been manufactured and characterized using an Agilent E8363B vector network analyzer (VNA). A 4–12 dB improvement in S11 response in the whole frequency range up to 10 GHz, compared to that when no compensation has been applied, was observed.

A Framework for Modeling and Structural Vulnerability Analysis of Spatial Cyber-Physical Power Systems From an Attack–Defense Perspective

This article provides a framework for modeling and analysis of spatial cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs). Previous studies on structural vulnerability analysis of CPPS mainly focused on network topology without any spatial information. In this article, we first propose a hierarchical information system evolution model for spatial power grids. Then, a spatial CPPS model is established by combining power and information systems that accounts for overlapped power and information lines. Finally, the structural vulnerability under global and localized failures is investigated based on direct current (dc) power flow. Under global failures, different types of components have distinguishing effects, and the power-node failure is the most serious case. For localized failures, key zones can be identified by the cascading failure scale, and similarly, different failure modes affect different areas. Furthermore, considering power system scenarios with only defenders and those with both attackers and defenders, we investigate two resource allocation situations. For defenders, increased resources and appropriately dispersed allocation can work effectively. However, in the attack-defense scenario, the perfect subgame equilibrium suggests that both attackers and defenders must concentrate all their resources on the most vulnerable zone. These findings may establish a foundation for future efforts to model and protect spatial CPPSs.

A novel opportunistic maintenance strategy for systems with dependent main and auxiliary components

Abstract The complexity of dependence between different types of components results in many challenges to estimate system reliability and to optimize maintenance plans. In this paper, we develop a reliability model to study the failure dependence of a system with a main component and several protective auxiliary components. Damage to the main component caused by random environmental shocks depends on the number of auxiliary components in operation. When the execution of inspection and maintenance actions during system operation is difficult, failures of the main component provide opportunities to inspect and replace the auxiliary components. We derive the system reliability using Laplace transforms and the matrix method. The optimization problem is solved by an enumeration method. A numerical example and sensitivity studies of cost parameters show how the evolution of the parameters influences the optimal maintenance strategy. The results show that a high replacement threshold of the auxiliary components is required when the replacement cost of the main component is high. Conversely, the threshold could be adjusted to a lower level when the replacement cost of the auxiliary components and the downtime cost increase.

Analysis of association between FGB, MTHFR, MTR and MTRR genes polymorphisms and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

The genetic component is a leading factor of stroke manifestation. Contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms or combined genotypes to disease development has population differences. Special attention should be paid to genetic features in different types of strokes among the Ukrainian population. The aim of the study was to estimate the association of polymorphisms between FGB, MTHFR, MTR, MTRR genes or gene-gene interaction and a risk of atherotrombotic ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhagic stroke among Ukrainians. Materials and methods. 102 patients with atherotrombotic ischemic stroke, 56 patients with intracranial hemorrhagic stroke and 102 healthy control subjects were included in the study. The control group comprised peoples without cardiovascular diseases, family history of stroke and with normal lipid profile values. The mean age was 53.4 ± 9.1 years for stroke patients and 54.5 ± 8.2 years for the control group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms С677T (rs1801133) MTHFR gene, A66G (rs1801394) MTRR gene, A2756G (rs 1805087) MTR gene, C-148T (rs 1800787) FGB gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction of amplificated fragments and polymorphism A1298C (rs1801131) MTHFR gene was determined by allele specific PCR method. Results . The association between 1298СС genotype MTHFR gene (OR = 3.457, 95 % CI:1.053–11.357) and -148СТ genotype FGB gene (OR = 2.276, 95 % CI: 1.248–4.152) and a risk of atherotrombotic ischemic stroke was revealed. A risk of intracranial hemorrhagic stroke was associated with 66AG (OR = 2.643, 95 % CI: 1.059–6.593) and 66GG (OR = 4.826, 95 % CI: 1.858–12.535) genotypes of MTRR gene. Synergistic effect was shown for polymorphic loci of FGB/С-148Т and MTRR / A66G in atherotrombotic ischemic stroke development as well as independent effect of MTRR/A66G for intracranial hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions. There are some differences in the genetic components of different types of acute stroke in Ukrainians that should be taken into account when initiating therapy or preventative measures.

On stochastic comparisons of coherent systems with two different types of components

This paper is a study on comparison between coherent systems with independent and heterogeneous components. Specifically, we consider 3-component coherent systems composed of two different types of components where we assume that component lifetimes follow the well-known proportional hazards model. We stochastically compare such systems under different situations and based on some assumptions on the parameters of proportionality.

Technology Focus: Wellbore Tubulars (July 2020)

Why steel casing or tubing? What does that choice have to do with sustainability? Is it time to change? These are a few of the questions we need to think about to move from the status quo, and we need to use technology, engineering, and innovation to reduce not only the surface footprint but also the downhole footprint. Composites are making inroads and continue to replace steel in other industries such as aerospace, automotive, and the renewable-energy segment. The follow-up question is, “Is it sustainable and relevant to our industry under harsher and deeper environments?” Different types of components exist, including reinforcement and the matrix, that can be adjusted and modified to be used for downhole conditions without compromising well integrity. There are compelling answers to those questions. Composites have high strength-to-weight ratios that result in low weight and high energy absorption. They have high stiffness and high durability, including corrosion resistance, less fracture toughness, and dimensional stability. Added distinctive advantages of composites are that they are excellent electric and thermal insulators. On the other hand, there are challenges very specific and unique to our industry such as anisotropic properties, modulus matrices, ability to with-stand thermomechanical loading, unknown stress/strain under tension/compression, unknown failure envelopes under internal pressure, bending loads, external pressures, tensile loads, and torsional load conditions. Addition-al challenges include material-properties degradation under wear conditions and composite-to-metal joining if necessary. For this, a phased approach may be necessary. Development of new products will require conservative design consisting of modeling with improved physics and improved models with experimental results involving compression state, buckling, and collapse for various slenderness ratios. Nonetheless, we are making inroads with composites. Looking to the future and considering sustainability, switching to composite casings in the coming years is necessary. I have selected papers that are structured toward using composites and, to some extent, answering the questions I have raised.

Sternal Resection and Reconstruction With a Novel Modularized Prosthesis

Currently available techniques and materials for sternal reconstruction are limited in their clinical applicability. We aimed to design a durable prosthetic kit that can be tailored to each patient's sternal anatomy and function intraoperatively. A modularized sternal reconstruction system was designed, containing standardized components of different types and sizes, made of titanium alloy. This technology was applied to patients undergoing sternal resection and reconstruction. The system was employed in 7 patients undergoing sternal resection and reconstruction for local malignancy. Appropriate modules were chosen and integrated at the time of operation. The sternal prostheses were well integrated into the chest wall, without local infection, effusion, or instability. One patient died of recurrence 4 months after surgery. The remaining 6 patients recovered well, without local recurrence or prosthesis failure. The most prominent advantage of this system is that there is no need for individualized design and manufacture before surgery. Therefore, this modularized system is potentially widely applicable as an adaptable and effective prosthesis for sternal reconstruction.

Опыт применения меда в медицине

This article describes ways of using various types of honey in the history of medicine as well as its current stage of development. The authors consider the main components of different types of honey and the national standards of naturally sourced honey. An analysis of research papers on medical uses of honey has been performed, as well as a comparative analysis of recent honey-based medicines available in the pharmaceutical market. On the basis of collected data, some possible prospects for further use of honey in medicine have been outlined.

The Effect of Cyclopentolate on Ocular Biometric Components.

It is apparent that a variety of biometric changes are caused by different types of cycloplegic eye drops. However, these effects are inconsistent and have not been reported in different refractive groups. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cyclopentolate 1% on ocular biometric components in different types of refractive errors in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 eyes of 113 schoolchildren in Shahroud, northeast Iran, with a mean ± standard deviation age of 9.20 ± 1.65 years. All participants had noncycloplegic and cycloplegic objective refraction using an autorefractometer. Cycloplegia was induced using cyclopentolate 1% eye drops. Biometric measurements were made with Allegro Biograph (WaveLight AG, Erlangen, Germany) before and after administering cycloplegic drops. Mixed-effect model regression was used to analyze the data. After cycloplegia, the vitreous chamber depth (VCD) (-0.043; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.067 to -0.019 mm), lens thickness (-0.146; 95% CI, -0.175 to -0.117 mm), axial length (-0.009; 95% CI, -0.012 to -0.006 mm), and lens power (-0.335; 95% CI, -0.463 to -0.208 D) decreased significantly, whereas the anterior chamber depth (ACD) (0.183; 95% CI, 0.164 to 0.202 mm), anterior segment length (0.036; 95% CI, 0.014 to 0.058) mm), lens central point (0.109; 95% CI, 0.094 to 0.124 mm), and pupil diameter (1.599; 95% CI, 1.482 to 1.716 mm) increased (P value for all tests, <.001). For changes in VCD and ACD, a significant interaction was observed between different types of refractive errors and cycloplegia, such that the adjusted mean change for ACD was significantly lower and for VCD was significantly higher in hyperopes compared with emmetropes. Lens center moves backward in myopes (0.17 mm) and stays the same in hyperopes under cycloplegia. According to the findings of this study, cycloplegia reduces the thickness of the crystalline lens and subsequently causes an increase in the ACD. Cycloplegia-related ocular biometric changes were different by type of refractive error.

Development a mathematical model of acoustic signals for the implementation of a universal leak detection method

A universal mathematical model of a noise signal in pipeline systems from the point of its origin to the observation point was presented. Due to the indicator function introduced into it, the model makes it possible to use different types of components and perform appropriate actions depending on the task, and the indicator function in some cases will be zero. The developed model advantage consists in that it is universal for the leak detection methods which use two signal receivers regardless of their physical nature. This model was implemented in the study on an example of a method of acoustic leakage detection, which uses the inter-correlation function. A block diagram of an acoustic system for detecting leakage location, its main blocks, and their parameters were presented. To test the working capacity of the mathematical model, a computer measuring experiment was conducted in the MATLAB software system. The algorithm of the computer experiment with indicator function was presented and the results of detecting leakage location according to the corresponding sample were given. A universal formula for calculating coordinates of the fluid leakage location both along the axis of the pipeline and the pipeline circumference was presented. This formula features accounting of the distance from the transducer to the possible leakage location and the sample number. This formula serves a universal model of the noise signal and confirms the results of the computer experiment. As a result of the experiment, dependences of the values of the fluid leakage location on the sample number and the distance to the receiver of the acoustic noise signal were obtained. To test the model adequacy, a diagram of influential factors was constructed in a form of Ishikawa diagram. The diagram shows the cause-and-effect relationships that affect the computer experiment built on the proposed mathematical model of acoustic signals to implement the universal method of leak detection. Adequacy of the proposed universal model was verified and confirmed by statistical methods. The results obtained can be used in technical diagnostics of pipelines and for reducing costs of repair and restoration of technological systems by identifying breakdown sites

Analysis and Estimation of Interaction and Reusability Complexities of Components in Component-Based Software Engineering

Reuse is the elementary and essential attribute of the component-based software engineering. Reusability focuses on building huge and complex software through assembling pre-fabricated software constructs. In this paper, our emphasis is on to analyze and quantify the two core notions of component-based software, that is, reusability and interaction behavior of the components with the goal of minimum complexity generation. We analyse prominent works available in the literature in the area of reuse and interaction complexities. We Analyze and Estimate reusability complexities of components in Component-Based Software Engineering and we propose efficient and useful metrics to compute the reusability of components. Reusability metrics are defined for individual components as well as overall system level. Different types of components are defined on the basis of their reusability, that is, components that can be reused as it as, and tailored components. To define the metrics we have used lines-of-code as the basic parameter due to its simplicity and countability. We proposed a matrics which select the best component on the basis LOC based complexity.We compare IRMCcTotal-i matrics with SCCp metrics and SCCr metrics and analyses that negative relationship between SCCp and IRMCcTotal-i shows low portability and positive relationship between SCCr and IRMCcTotal-i shows high portability.

Exploring a production-inventory model with optimal reliability of the production in a parallel-series system

ABSTRACTIn this study, a production-reliability-inventory system has been formulated and discussed. Here, different types of components, i.e., raw materials are purchased from a supplier in some cycles of equal length. Purchased raw materials have been stored in a warehouse and used in a parallel-series system to produce items with system reliability dependent production cost. Also, the demand rate of the items has been considered to be linearly dependent on reliability and selling price of those items. The main goal of this study is to find the optimal number of transportation cycles and components, which maximize the total business profit and system reliability with volume, weight and cost of the system as constraints. Multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) has been applied to solve the proposed problem. A numerical example has discussed that how this model is applicable in real life situations. Finally, some sensitivity analyses have been performed to study the model.

Visual Recognition Of Graphical User Interface Components Using Deep Learning Technique

Graphical User Interface (GUI) building in software development is a process which ideally need to go through several steps. Those steps in the process start from idea or rough sketch of the GUI, then refined into visual design, implemented in coding or prototype, and finally evaluated for its function and usability to discover design problem and to get feedback from users. Those steps repeated until the GUI considered satisfactory or acceptable by the user. Computer vision technique has been researched and developed to make the process faster and easier; for example generating code for implementation, or automatic GUI testing using component images. But among those techniques, there are still few for usability testing purpose. This preliminary research attempted to make the foundation for usability testing using computer vision technique by built minimalist dataset which has images of various GUI components and used the dataset in deep learning experiment for GUI components visual recognition. The experiment results showed deep learning technique suitable for the intended task, with accuracy of 95% for recognition of two different types of components, and accuracy of 72% for six different types of component.

Regionalized modeling approach of tool influence function in magnetorheological finishing process for aspherical optics

The tool influence function of magnetorheological finishing which is widely used in optical machining due to its high efficiency and determinism, directly affects the final processing effect of optical components. Due to the existence of curvature effect in magnetorheological finishing, the existing tool influence function models cannot predict the tool influence functions of various positions in the machining process of aspheric or free-form components. Viewing this, this paper carried out the correlation analysis of the tool influence function models corresponding to different types of components and presented a novel interactive regionalized modeling approach of tool influence function for the processing of aspherical optics. Tool influence function was modelled based on the regionalization of component and the solution of the nearest spherical radius. The verification experiments show that the simulated tool influence functions based on this model agree well with the actual measured tool influence functions. Therefore, the modeling method proposed in this paper can effectively obtain the aspheric tool influence functions and accurately predict the material removal in magnetorheological finishing.

Design and Data Analysis of Sports Information Acquisition System Based on Internet of Medical Things

The Internet of medical things is an emerging information network technology, which can realize the automatic identification, monitoring and management of personnel, medical equipment, medicines, etc. through this network, and is an effective means to reduce medical errors and improve work efficiency. This article first studies the theory and method of health information and sports information collection, that is, the temperature sensor and the acceleration sensor are used to collect human body temperature and exercise steps, respectively, and then estimate the human health and sports. Second, the prototype system of health and sports information collection system is realized the system is divided into two parts: terminal node and client information management system. Finally, a component collaborative modeling and data analysis method for Internet of medical things is proposed. This method constructs different types of components according to different functions of the Internet of Things equipment, and designs a set of communication mechanisms between the components based on the Internet of Things network communication characteristics, and uses visual methods to model. The experimental results verify that the method of collecting and analyzing human motion information using a motion information collection system is feasible. Multiple methods should be integrated to obtain as much information as possible to make the human motion analysis more scientific and reasonable.

Availability Analysis of a Repairable Series-Parallel System with Redundant Dependency

This paper investigates the steady-state availability of a repairable series-parallel system with redundant dependency. The different types of components and repairmen are taken into account, the failure rate of the operating component varies as the number of other failed components and the repair rate of the failed component is constant in each parallel redundant subsystem. To quantify the redundant dependency, a modified failure dependence function is introduced to determine the failure rate of the components in each subsystem. Markov theory and matrix analysis method are used to get the steady-state probability vector of each subsystem and the steady-state availability of the entire system. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the obtained results and to analyze the effect of redundant dependency class on the system availability.