Body Composition Components Research Articles

Sex Differences in Body Composition Changes after Preseason Training in Elite Handball Players.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the estimated body composition of elite female and male Polish handball players during a five-week preseason training camp. Height and weight were measured, while body composition was estimated with bioelectrical impedance in 18 male and 17 female handball players before and after the five-week training protocol. Components of body composition included total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), and absolute and relative fat mass (FM). Weight and body mass index (BMI) did not change in males, but declined in females after five weeks of training. FM and %FM declined, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased significantly after training in both males and females. In contrast, comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in weight, the BMI and body composition in males and females, respectively, suggested that estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased relatively more in females than in males, while FM and %FM decline relatively more in males than females. Overall, the five-week preseason training program modified the body composition of male and female handball players. FM and %FM decreased, while estimated TBW, FFM, and MM increased, in both males and females after the preseason training program. Comparisons of log transformed ratios for changes in body composition in males and females suggested sexual dimorphism in response to intensive preseason training.

Association of Meteorin-Like Hormone with insulin resistance and body composition in healthy Iranian adults

Background and aimsSedentary behavior and/or physical inactivity are modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. Myokines are one of the mediators of physical activity health benefits. Relationship between regular physical activity (RPA) and baseline plasma Meteorin-Like Hormone (Metrnl) has not been explored in human. Hence, we compared baseline plasma Metrnl between sedentary individuals and ones with recreational physical activities, and role of Metrnl as a biological messenger between physical activity and insulin resistance and body composition was also explored. MethodsForty healthy young men (aged: 21 ± 2.1 yrs; BMI: 23 ± 3.44 kg/m2) completed the study. Participants were equally assigned into two groups of control (sedentary) and case (recreational athletes). Baseline plasma Metrnl, glucose, insulin and body composition components and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were assessed under resting conditions. ResultsExcept for baseline blood glucose, baseline plasma Metrnl, insulin, HOMA-IR and body mass index and body fat percentage were similar between two groups (P > 0.05). However, after Metrnl correction for the degree of insulin resistance index (Metrnl/HOMA-IR), recreational athletes showed a significantly greater baseline compared to sedentary subjects (P < 0.05). Baseline blood glucose showed a negative and significant correlation with baseline plasma Metrnl (P < 0.05). ConclusionsBaseline plasma Metrnl is correlated with regular physical activity and insulin sensitivity, but not with body composition parameters. Metrnl may be one possible mediator of the beneficial effects of PA on insulin sensitivity in healthy humans. Hence, increasing awareness of the benefits of physical activity and incorporating physical activity into lifestyle are of great importance for people with non-communicable diseases.

Body Composition in Adolescents and Young Adults with Anorexia Nervosa: A Clinical Review.

Anorexia nervosa is a serious health condition characterized by a significant low body weight and alteration in body composition components. In the current paper, we aim to summarize the available literature concerning changes in body fat, lean, and bone masses, during anorexia nervosa and after complete weight restoration. Data were summarized using a narrative approach based on clinical expertise in the interpretation of the available evidence base in the literature. The available data revealed three main findings. Firstly, anorexia nervosa causes a significant reduction in body fat mass, however it is completely restored after short-term weight normalization but with a central adiposity phenotype that does not seem to negatively influence treatment outcomes and appears to normalize after 1 year of normal weight maintenance. Secondly, anorexia nervosa causes a significant reduction in bone mineral density, but weight restoration is associated first (≈12 months) with stabilization of bone mineral density, followed by improvements (after ≈16 months); and finally, with complete normalization (after ≈30 months) after normal-weight maintenance. Thirdly, during anorexia nervosa loss of lean and skeletal body mass occurring in particular from the extremities rather than the central regions has been consistently reported, especially in patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤ 16.5 Kg/m2 however short-term weight restoration is associated with complete normalization. Anorexia nervosa adversely affects body composition, however this medical complication seems to be reversible through the main treatment strategy of body weight restoration followed by normal weight maintenance, and this should be openly discussed with patients.

Comparison of the Metabolic Process of Bone Mineral Density of Females during the Life Cycle using Allometric Scaling Techniques

Allometric scaling techniques provide new ways to examine BMD, and may provide deeper insights into understanding the complex association between BMD and body composition. Further investigation between BMD and allometric scaling of body composition components should be conducted in larger samples, mixed ethnic, and gender groups.

Вплив занять вільною боротьбою на компонентний склад тіла дітей

Вплив занять вільною боротьбою на компонентний склад тіла дітей

The Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Inflammatory Status, Insulin Resistance and Body Composition in Overweight Adolescent Boys

Objective: The overweight-related health problems among adolescents are obvious. Resistance training is recognized as a safe and efficacious exercise modality to have health-promoting effects in overweight adolescents. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of circuit resistance training (CRT) in improving inflammatory status, insulin resistance and body composition in overweight male adolescents. Materials and Methods: Twenty overweight adolescent boys (aged: 18.5 (±1), weight: 81.1 (±4.5), body mass index: 27.7 (±0.7)) completed this study. The participants were randomly and equally divided into two groups of control (CG; n=10) and circuit resistance training (CRT; n=10). The CG did their daily routine activities and the CRT group performed its training protocol 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Body composition components and serum variables were measured a day before and after the study. Insulin resistance index was measured by HOMA-IR. Results: The subjects in the CG showed significantly increased changes compared with pre-training values. Moreover, significant changes were found fort the changes of BW ( P -value= 0.005), BMI ( P -value= 0.001) and BF% ( P -value= 0.003) between groups. Conclusion: This study suggested that although six weeks of CRT failed to induce meaningful anti-inflammatory cytokine responses, and to improve body composition and HOMA-IR in overweight adolescent boys, but had protective effects on inflammatory status, HOMA-IR and body composition and prevented them from being deteriorated

Estimating Phase Angle Percentiles in Elite Athletes

Bio‐impedance analysis (BIA) is a common technique used to estimate body composition. BIA measures the electrical impedance in water contained in a subject’s body and uses this measurement to predict body composition. Phase angle is one of the components of body composition and is a major indicator of body fat percentage. Although BIA is less accurate when predicting body composition compared to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bod pods, it is cheaper, more portable, and does not require a licensed operator. For those reasons, athletes commonly use BIA to estimate body fat composition. Current BIA techniques are shown to be inaccurate for very athletic individuals [1] since it is calibrated based on the general population. Previous studies have calculated phase angle distribution in elite athletes using DXA data, but none have examined BIA. Our research uses empirical Bayesian analysis with BIA data to create reference percentiles for phase angle by sport and gender among elite European athletes.

Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix - What Do We Know About Its Composition, Regulation, and Physiological Roles? A Narrative Review.

Skeletal muscle represents the largest body-composition component in humans. In addition to its primary function in the maintenance of upright posture and the production of movement, it also plays important roles in many other physiological processes, including thermogenesis, metabolism and the secretion of peptides for communication with other tissues. Research attempting to unveil these processes has traditionally focused on muscle fibers, i.e., the contractile muscle cells. However, it is a frequently overlooked fact that muscle fibers reside in a three-dimensional scaffolding that consists of various collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and elastin, and is commonly referred to as extracellular matrix (ECM). While initially believed to be relatively inert, current research reveals the involvement of ECM cells in numerous important physiological processes. In interaction with other cells, such as fibroblasts or cells of the immune system, the ECM regulates muscle development, growth and repair and is essential for effective muscle contraction and force transmission. Since muscle ECM is highly malleable, its texture and, consequently, physiological roles may be affected by physical training and disuse, aging or various diseases, such as diabetes. With the aim to stimulate increased efforts to study this still poorly understood tissue, this narrative review summarizes the current body of knowledge on (i) the composition and structure of the ECM, (ii) molecular pathways involved in ECM remodeling, (iii) the physiological roles of muscle ECM, (iv) dysregulations of ECM with aging and disease as well as (v) the adaptations of muscle ECM to training and disuse.

SOMATOTYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS OF DIFFERENT HEALTH GROUPS BY R.N. DOROKHOV AND V.G. PETRUKHIN METHOD

A total of 381 girls aged 17-20 years of different health groups were evaluated. Dimensional and proportional variations of the physical parameters, body component composition were analyzed by R.N. Dorokhov and V.G. Petrukhin method. Was found that the overwhelming number of women belong to the microsomal (dimensional variation), to the microcorpulent (fat component composition), to the micro-bone (bone component composition), to the micro-muscle (muscle component composition) somatic types in all three groups. According to the proportional variation of the physical parameters, a heterogeneous distribution pattern was observed.

SUN-285 LIMITATIONS OF BIOIMPEDENCE SCALES IN MEASURING FLUID GAINS IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS, HOME MACHINES VS STANDARD MACHINES

Ideal body weight (IBW) has often been estimated by bioimpedence methods. Calf bioimpedance scales (cBIS) have been suggested as an accurate way of measuring fluid content of the body, but only a few studies have been done which have not demonstrated mortality benefits. Bioimpedance techniques have been shown to provide an accurate reference for the estimation of dry weight in numerous studies in HD but the method involves expensive machines with facility for multichannel readings to estimate fat, fluid, muscle and bone content of body. Home body analysis scales, that use bioimpedance methods have been available in the market, this measures the resistance to current flow through the feet alone and gives estimates of the persons body content and recent machines can store data of multiple patients. This study aims to assess the clinical significance of the hydration status estimated by simple home body analysis scale (BAS), whether this can be an assisting clinical tool in achieving normal fluid status in dialysis patients and explore the limitations of this method. We also did a comparison using a control with standard bioimpedence scales (Tanita models TIMC 780 MA, and TIDC-360) We selected 8 stable patients receiving in-centre haemodialysis at Renal Unit, Tamworth Base Hospital. Patients under the age of 75, who can stand up for weight assessment, who is willing to take the socks off for bioimpedance measurement are included. The study was conducted over two weeks, six dialysis sessions for each patient. We assumed that a 1 kg weight reduction during a haemodialysis treatment represents a 1 L reduction in body fluid volume. Fat and muscular components of body composition are assumed to stay constant over the course of the study. The details of ultrafiltration volume (UFV) and amount of water, fat, bone and muscle percentage pre and post dialysis shown on BAS were recorded. We also checked 4 normal subjects (authors of the study) who checked their body indices before and one hour after drinking a litre of water to see how the machine read the changes. We did a comparison of water loading on two models of Tanita (models TIMC 780 MA, and TIDC-360) Three patients have consistently shown error due to percentage relative to bodyweight even though they were not clinically obese. In five patients, weight reduction was accurately captured by the machine post dialysis, but the reduction was shown in the fat compartment and not the fluid compartment as expected. The control subjects too, showed weight gain in the fat compartment and not the fluid compartment after water ingestion. This same error was found in the Tanita machine with the control showing weight gain in the fat compartment after water ingestion. The standard machine was not tested in the dialysis patients as we did not have access to multichannel bioimpedence machines in our unit. Both the expensive multichannel machines and the home bioimpedence scales showed same error in controls after fluid ingestion, with fluid gain recorded in the fat compartment. In dialysis patients, post dialysis fluid loss was recorded as reduction in the fat content, not fluid content (using home bioimpedence scales). Literature search has not revealed details of the body compartment from where the fluid was removed. Fluid storage in dialysis patients needs further study.

Irisin levels in genetic and essential obesity: clues for a potential dual role

Irisin is conventionally regarded as a myokine involved in the browning of white adipose tissue, energy expenditure and glucose tolerance. Its potential link to fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction is debated. We sought to explore the relationship between circulating irisin and components of body composition in two different phenotypes of severe obesity. For this purpose, 30 obese adults with Prader-Will syndrome (PWS) (age 35.7 ± 1.5 y, BMI 45.5 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and 30 adult controls with common obesity (age 34.9 ± 1.7 y, BMI 46.8 ± 1.4 kg/m2) underwent analysis of irisin levels, metabolic profile, body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE). Normal irisin levels were obtained from a group of 20 lean donors (age 32.4 ± 1.5 y, BMI 23.8 ± 0.8 kg/m2). Expected differences in body composition and metabolic profile existed between study groups. PWS exhibited lower muscle mass (p < 0.001), FFM (p < 0.001), REE (p < 0.001), as well as insulin (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) and triglycerides levels (p < 0.05) than controls with common obesity. In PWS, irisin levels were significantly lower and overall less dispersed than in controls with common obesity (p < 0.05), while being similar to values recorded in lean subjects. To explore the relation between irisin and body composition in obesity, univariate correlation analysis in the obese populations as a whole showed positive associations between irisin and muscle mass (p = 0.03) as well as REE (p = 0.01), which disappeared when controlled for the PWS status. Noticeably, a positive association became evident between irisin and %FM after controlling for the PWS status (p = 0.02). Also positive were associations between irisin and insulin (p = 0.02), HOMA-IR (p = 0.02) and triglycerides (p = 0.04). In stepwise multivariable regression analysis, irisin levels were independently predicted by the PWS status (p = 0.001), %FM (p = 0.004) and triglycerides (p = 0.008). Current results suggest that obese adults with PWS harbor lower irisin levels than individuals with common obesity. The divergent models of obesity herein studied suggest a potential link between circulating irisin and muscle mass and metabolic dysfunction relating to adiposity.

P191 Lower values of skeletal muscle index measured by bioelectrical impedance in active IBD patients

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is commonly associated with alteration in fat and lean mass. Body mass index (BMI) is not a prime index for assessing nutritional status, while a better way to evaluate it would be to bioimpedance analysis. In addition, correlation of body composition with disease severity has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of body composition and muscle strength with disease activity in adult patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods All patients underwent the analysis of body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (TANITA body composition analyser, BC-420MA). Lean mass (LM), fat-free mass index (FFMI) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were calculated using standard formulae. Muscle strength was obtained from handgrip strength values (HS) measured with Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. Medical history data were obtained from clinical and electronic medical records. Active disease was defined as Crohn’s disease Activity Index (CDAI) &amp;gt;150 for CD and Partial Mayo Score ≥3 for UC patients. Underweight patients were defined as BMI&amp;lt;18.5 kg/m2. Results In this study we have enrolled 120 patients (CD = 86, UC = 34; 65% male). Average age was 37.5 (35.3–39.6). Clinically active disease was present in 23 patients (19.1%), CD (n = 15), UC (n = 8). There were no statistically significant differences among patients with active and inactive disease in FFMI (kg/m2) 17(15–19.8) vs. 18.5 (15.7–20.3), p = 0.18, LM (kg) 56.5 (44.3–65.1) vs. 48.3 (43–67.2), p = 0.21, fat mass (%) 16 (11.5–23) vs. 11.8 (7.9–21), p = 0.14, and MS 33.3( ± 11.5) vs. 28.3 ( ± 9.9), p &amp;gt; 0.05. The SMI (kg/m2) was significantly lower in patients with active disease comparing to group with inactive disease 8.1(7.7–9.9) vs. 10(8.6–10.6), p = 0.032. Underweight patients were significantly more prevalent in active group comparing to inactive (30.4% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.0011). Conclusion IBD patients with active disease have lower skeletal muscle index, while there was no difference in other components of body composition. In addition, underweight patients have a significantly higher proportion of active disease. Body composition analysis by BIA could be a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases; however, there is a need to define age-, gender- and disease-specific, percentile-based thresholds specifically for patients with IBD, which can simplify the screening procedures in clinical practice, and suggest nutritional intervention.

Phase angle and metabolic parameters in severely obese patients.

Introduction: obese patients present an inflammatory and metabolic profile that leads to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Phase angle is an indicator of cellular integrity and has been proposed as a prognostic parameter for changes in the metabolic profile. Objective: to investigate the possible association between phase angle and metabolic parameters in obese patients. Material and method: this was a cross-sectional study of adult obese patients who attended a specialized clinic between 2014 and 2016. All patients were ≥ 18 years of age, with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2. All data were obtained from medical records and made part of the clinical protocol. Patients were divided into two groups using a cutoff point for phase angle, and the groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis or Chi-squared test for quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. Correlations were identified by Spearman's and Pearson's correlation analyses. All between-group differences were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: a low phase angle was present in 30.5 % of the 141 patients enrolled in the study. We found an association between low phase angle and presence of hyperuricemia (p = 0.018) when adjusted for waist circumference, dysglycemia, arterial hypertension, and hyperuricemia. There was no correlation between phase angle and the components of body composition. Conclusions: there is an association of phase angle with uric acid levels, but not with other metabolic parameters.

The interrelation between the Ketle index and the body component composition (muscle, fat, bone) in students with different levels of physical fitness

The interrelation between the Ketle index and the body component composition (muscle, fat, bone) in students with different levels of physical fitness

Red blood cell variables and correlations with body mass components in boys aged 10-17 years.

The objective of this study was to analyze the hematologic parameters and their correlation with body composition components in healthy boys at pubertal age. One hundred and ninety physically active male subjects, aged 10 to 17 years, mean age 13.87 ±4.5 years, were included in the study. Capillary blood was drawn from all subjects and the following hematologic parameters were measured: RBC, Hct, Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC. The following body components derived from Matiegka anthropometric method were assessed: muscle mass (MM), bone mass (BM), and body fat mass (BF). The mean values (±SD) of hematologic parameters were: RBC= 4.87±0.41 x 10 < sup > 12 < /sup > /L, Hb=14.24±1.24 g/dL, Hct=43.83±3.8%. Anthropometric characteristics were as follows: body mass index (BMI) = 20.26± 3.27 kg/m < sup > 2 < /sup > , relative muscle mass (MM%) = 53.18± 3.19%, bone mass (BM%) = 18.83± 2.4% and body fat percentage (BF%) = 15.19± 2.64%. Correlation analysis between hematologic parameters and body composition showed a moderate to strong correlation between RBC, Hb and Hct and all body components. The strongest correlations were found between Hb and Hct, and muscle mass (r= 0.60; r= 0.61) and lean body mass (r= 0.59). The body fat mass showed also a positive association with RBC (r=0.47); Hb (r=0.47) and Hct (r=0.48). Our findings showed that the relationship between anthropometric measures and RBC variables in healthy physically active boys were positively correlated, but the level of association was higher with skeletal muscle mass.

Body composition and serum fetuin-A levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background. Rheumatoid cachexia is a pathological condition which appears in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low fat-free mass and normal or high body mass index. Bone mass loss is one of the components of rheumatoid cachexia. Fetuin-A, a major noncollagen protein of bone tissue, regulates bone remodeling. Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of rheumatoid cachexia and the association of serum fetuin-A level with body composition components in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Material and methods. 110 patients (8 male and 102 female) with rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled in our study. Serum fetuin-A level was determined by ELISA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry with Total Body program was performed. The diagnosis of rheumatoid cachexia was based on the next criteria: fat-free mass index less than 10th percentiles with fat mass index above 25th percentiles. Results and discussion. We observed rheumatoid cachexia in 25 patients (22,7 %). According to the literature, such patients have an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension and mortality. Positive significant ( p < 0,05) correlations were observed between serum fetuin-A levels and right and left lower limb, trunk, gynoid region, both lower limbs and total body bone mass. No statistically significant relationships with other indicators were identified. Fetuin-A negative dynamic in patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be accompanied by the loss of bone mass, which requires the improvement of therapeutic approach. Conclusions. Almost a quarter of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have rheumatic cachexia. Positive correlation between serum fetuin-A levels and lower limbs, trunk, gynoid region and total body bone mass was observed.

Оценка эффективности использования смеси на основе гидролизата сывороточного белка для нутритивной поддержки детей с детским церебральным параличом

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of using a semi-element mixture for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a body mass deficit with gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients and Methods: 27 children with CP aged from 2 to 18 years were examined. All children underwent the following tests: anthropometry (measurement of body weight and linear growth), measurement of the triceps and biceps skinfold thickness, shoulder circumference measurement, body composition estimation by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, calculation of basic energy demand indicators. A semi-elemental mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate with a high content of medium-chain triglycerides was used as nutritional supplementation. The diet therapy efficacy was evaluated after 6 months based on the analysis of the dynamics of anthropometric indicators and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: all children had a body mass deficit, in the structure of which the severe body mass deficit was 48.2%. The study of body composition components revealed a deficit of lean body mass, active cell mass, absolute and relative amounts of body fat mass, total and intracellular fluid. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mainly represented by disorders of bowel habit in the form of constipation (70.4% of cases), changes in appetite (reduced/selective hunger; 63% of cases) and flatulence (51.8%). When re-examined after 6 months, 44.4% of children’s body weight indicators reached the age norm during nutritional supplementation with a semi-elemental mixture. Body mass deficit of various degrees persisted in 15 (55.6%) patients, while severe body mass deficit — only in 6 (22.2%). The range of weight gain was from 0.5 to 8.4 kg. An increase in the shoulder muscles circumference indicates an increase in the somatic protein pool, which is confirmed by the analysis of the body component composition. An increase in the estimated value of the basic energy demand was registered. Gastrointestinal symptoms were stopped in 44.4% of cases, while constipation persisted in 15 (55.6%) children. Conclusion: the high efficiency of nutritional supplementation with the semi-elemental mixture in children with CP, body mass deficit and gastrointestinal symptoms is confirmed by the positive dynamics of anthropometric indicators and a decrease in the frequency of gastrointestinal manifestations. KEYWORDS: cerebral palsy, body mass deficit, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, gastrointestinal symptoms, nutritional supplementation, diet therapy, cow’s milk protein hydrolysate, semi-elemental mixture. FOR CITATION: Titova O.N., Taran N.N., Strokova T.V. et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of using a mixture based on whey protein hydrolysate for nutritional supplementation of children with cerebral palsy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):282–289. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821- 2020-4-5-282-289.

Nordic Walking as an effective physical activity for weight loss among overweight young adults in high schools.

Overweight and obesity, low physical activity and lack of motivation to exercise are common among young adults. Thus, the objective of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of Nordic Walking for weight loss and improvement of functional and physiological state in young adults with overweight and obesity. The study enrolled 77 students from Sechenov University with overweight and obesity aged from 17 to 23 years. Forty students in the main group completed an individual 9-months Nordic Walking exercise program. Thirty-seven students in the control group were engaged in physical training within the curriculum of the university. The components of body composition, level of physical working capacity and psycho-emotional status were studied. The final tests showed significant excessive body weight loss in students in the main group due to fat mass reduction by 18%; increase of physical working capacity by 22.5%; improvement of emotional stability by 22% and self-confidence level growth by 24%. Nordic Walking is an effective type of physical training with high motivational component for excessive body weight loss in young adults. It is proved by significant improvement of the majority of morphofunctional and psychological parameters in students in the main group. Nordic Walking can be used in physical education program at high schools for pupils and students with overweight and obesity. The materials of the article are of practical value for PT tutors, advisors on healthy way of life and public health, specialists in physical rehabilitation, general practice doctors.

Responsiveness to Resistance-Based Multimodal Exercise Among Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the management of prostate cancer (PCa) results in an array of adverse effects, and exercise is one strategy to counter treatment-related musculoskeletal toxicities. This study assessed the prevalence of exercise responsiveness in men with PCa undergoing ADT in terms of body composition, muscle strength, and physical function. Prospective analyses were performed in 152 men (aged 43-90 years) with PCa receiving ADT who were engaged in resistance exercise combined with aerobic or impact training for 3 to 6 months. Whole-body lean mass and fat mass (FM), trunk FM, and appendicular skeletal muscle were assessed with dual x-ray absorptiometry; upper and lower body muscle strength were assessed with the one-repetition maximum; and physical function was assessed with a battery of tests (6-m usual, fast, and backward walk; 400-m walk; repeated chair rise; stair climb). Significant improvements were seen (P<.01) in lean mass (0.4±1.4 kg [range, -2.8 to +4.1 kg]), appendicular skeletal muscle (0.2±0.8 kg [range, -1.9 to +1.9 kg]), and all measures of muscle strength (chest press, 2.9±5.8 kg [range, -12.5 to +37.5 kg]; leg press, 29.2±27.6 kg [range, -50.0 to +140.0 kg]) and physical function (from -0.1±0.5 s [range, +1.3 to -2.1 s] for the 6-m walk; to -8.6±15.2 s [range, +25.2 to -69.7 s] for the 400-m walk). An increase in FM was also noted (0.6±1.8 kg [range, -3.6 to +7.3 kg]; P<.01). A total of 21 men did not exhibit a favorable response in at least one body composition component, 10 did not experience improved muscle strength, and 2 did not have improved physical function. However, all patients responded in at least one of the areas, and 120 (79%) favorably responded in all 3 areas. Despite considerable heterogeneity, most men with PCa receiving ADT responded to resistance-based multimodal exercise, and therefore our findings indicate that this form of exercise can be confidently prescribed to produce beneficial effects during active treatment.

218Different impact of muscle, fat, and bone mass in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction

Abstract Background Low muscle mass with or without fat mass is a main component of cachexia in heart failure (HF) and associated with poor prognosis. There is a paucity of data, however, regarding prognostic impact of each component of body composition (i.e., muscle, fat, and bone mass). Purpose We hypothesized that muscle, fat, and bone mass have different impact on prognosis in HF. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 418 patients admitted with a diagnosis of HF (71±13 years, 59% male, 46 and 54% with preserved/mid-range (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥40%) and reduced (&lt;40%) LVEF), respectively). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at stable state after decongestion therapy. Results Mean appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) was 6.9±1.2 kg/m2 in men and 5.6±0.9 in women, so that 55% of patients had low muscle mass categorized by the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia. During median follow-up of 502 days, 163 (39.0%) patients experienced primary outcome defined as death or heart failure hospitalization. Using optimal cut-off of each body component chosen on the basis of a receiver operating characteristic curve and the Youden method, we demonstrated that lower ASMI defined by the cut-off of 6.5 kg/m2 in male and 5.2 in female (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.768, 95% CI: 1.210–2.581, p=0.003) and bone mass (adjusted HR: 1.498, 95% CI: 1.051–2.152, p=0.025), but not lower fat mass (p=0.34), were associated with elevated risk of primary outcome after multivariate adjustment. Kaplan-Meier curves with p value by Log-rank test were shown in figure. In subgroup analysis, negative impact of lower ASMI was significant regardless of sex and LVEF category, whereas negative impact of low bone mass was significant only in 78 female patients with reduced LVEF. Figure 1 Conclusions Indices about muscle and bone mass rather than fat mass had prognostic impact in HF. The impact of each body component may different according to sex and LVEF.