Interface Components Research Articles

Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Adherence with Mask Resupply: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

There are currently few data on the impact of mask resupply on longer-term adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. This retrospective analysis investigated the effects of mask/mask cushion resupply on the adherence to PAP versus no resupply. Deidentified patient billing data for PAP supply items were merged with telemonitoring data from Cloud-connected AirSense 10/AirCurve 10 devices via AirViewTM (ResMed). Eligible patients started PAP between 1 July 2014 and 17 June 2016, had ≥360 days of PAP device data, and achieved initial U.S. Medicare adherence criteria. Patients who received a resupply of mask systems/cushions (resupply group) were propensity-score-matched with those not receiving any mask/cushion resupply (control group). A total of 100,370 patients were included. From days 91 to 360, the mean device usage was 5.6 and 4.5 h/night in the resupply and control groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with a mean device usage ≥4 h/night was significantly higher in the resupply group versus the control group (77% vs. 59%; p < 0.0001). The therapy termination rate was significantly lower in the resupply group versus the control group (14.7% vs. 31.9%; p < 0.0001); there was a trend toward lower therapy termination rates as the number of resupplies increased. The replacement of mask interface components was associated with better longer-term adherence to PAP therapy versus no resupply.

Resolving the Evolution of Atomic Layer-Deposited Thin-Film Growth by Continuous In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

In situ synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure characterization of thin-film titania growth by atomic layer deposition (ALD) over ZnO nanowires reveals persistent low-coordinated Ti motifs leading to a new picture of ALD growth. Through the design of growth and measurement cycles, Ti K-edge spectral data are continuously recorded so as to characterize the film evolution as a function of ALD cycle number and the surface changes within the time scale of the ALD cycle. A unified set of analysis tools is developed to interpret the time-series of spectral data. A prenucleation stage of growth, a transition region, and then a steady-state growth stage are observed with distinguishable features. Multivariate curve resolution analysis, that is physically constrained, demonstrates two specific spectral components with associated, time-dependent concentrations. The bulk-film component tracks the stages of growth. The surface and interface components, present throughout the stages of growth, reveal a significant coverage of relatively isolated or loosely networked tetrahedrally coordinated Ti atomic motifs. Finally, spectral signatures for the intra-cycle growth kinetics are reconstructed at a time resolution of ∼ 1 s and demonstrate that the transient Ti motifs on the growing surface stabilize within a few seconds of the Ti precursor pulse.

Fluorinated (Nano)Carbons: CFx Electrodes and CFx‐Based Batteries

Fluorine‐based chemistry is widely used in commercial battery technology, from primary batteries consisting of Li/CFx to binders for electrodes in secondary lithium‐ion batteries. Fluorine‐based compounds are also formed during operation for both battery configurations as discharge products such as LiF or as components of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers on electrodes. Herein, the fluorinated carbons or CFx detailing the commercialization of the first Li/CFx cells are discussed‐ the understanding of how performance is correlated to composition or x, the various methods to synthesize CFx compounds, the correlation between the nature of the CF bonds and electrochemical performance, the role of theoretical studies in such endeavors, the use of CFx in alternative battery chemistries and the wide range of techniques available to probe either CFx compounds individually or CFx compounds in devices under electrochemical conditions. A picture of the field from which future directions can be derived is provided.

Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Behavior for Lattice Structure with Effect of Different Nanomaterial Types

Porous biomaterials have extensively been used as new materials for various bio-implants, particularly for bone and bone interfacing components. In practice, while open-cell/permeable porous materials are used to allow osseointegration in bone implants, they should be mechanically durable and stable for the long term to tolerate human weight together with possible static and dynamic loads on the body. It has been ingrained that porous biomaterials can be made considering defined representative volume elements (RVE) by recent growths in additive manufacturing. In this study, two porous biomaterial models, including unit cell and also lattice structure, are presented. The models applied the finite volume method to discretize and solve by using a multi-physics COMSOL mechanical structure code. The cell is modelled using three materials: titanium alloy Ti_6Al-4V-ELI, and in this study, for the first time, two types of nanomaterials: calcined alpha-alumina (α_ Al2O3) and Glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic. The results obtained from this study revealed that for both unit cell and lattice structure, the minimum displacement occurred with Glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic and increased with calcined alumina (α_ Al2O3) and titanium. Moreover, it could be concluded that the maximum stress occurred with the Glass-infiltrated alumina ceramic and decreased with calcined alumina (α- Al2O3) and titanium for the lattice structure.

Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Construction Engineering Management Based on BIM Technology

At present, the country has higher and higher requirements for the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. The traditional extensive construction methods can no longer meet the requirements of the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. Industrialization and greening have become the new direction of the development of the construction industry in the future. The purpose of this paper is to study the ways to improve the efficiency of construction engineering management based on BIM technology. This article uses three data exchange methods to test and evaluate the corresponding plug-ins. Data conversion tests were performed on structural analysis models established by more than 60 different software. According to the results of quantitative analysis and comparison, specific suggestions on how to select reasonable data exchange methods in specific situations such as the use of different later models were given. This paper uses BIM technology to achieve 4D construction simulation verification, assists in project schedule management, improves management efficiency, uses BIM technology to assist in optimizing the design of the project construction organization plan, and formulates the optimal construction organization plan. Improve the quality management of engineering design data and realize BIM-based three-dimensional proofreading. And through the analysis of the above-mentioned problems of the M project, and put forward feasible management optimization suggestions, and finally achieve the purpose of helping the construction enterprise to improve the management efficiency and level. At the same time, it can also provide assistance and reference for other similar companies in the same industry. Research has shown that it is not conducive to use this method when the possibility of interface component omission and information deviation in the secondary development of API is 50%, 40%, and 30% respectively, and it performs well in importing structural information parameters. This method is preferred.

Explaining Review-Based Recommendations: Effects of Profile Transparency, Presentation Style and User Characteristics

Abstract Providing explanations based on user reviews in recommender systems (RS) may increase users’ perception of transparency or effectiveness. However, little is known about how these explanations should be presented to users, or which types of user interface components should be included in explanations, in order to increase both their comprehensibility and acceptance. To investigate such matters, we conducted two experiments and evaluated the differences in users’ perception when providing information about their own profiles, in addition to a summarized view on the opinions of other customers about the recommended hotel. Additionally, we also aimed to test the effect of different display styles (bar chart and table) on the perception of review-based explanations for recommended hotels, as well as how useful users find different explanatory interface components. Our results suggest that the perception of an RS and its explanations given profile transparency and different presentation styles, may vary depending on individual differences on user characteristics, such as decision-making styles, social awareness, or visualization familiarity.

WCO-Lite version 1.1: an online nomenclatural catalogue of harvestmen of the world (Arachnida, Opiliones) curated in TaxonWorks.

The "World Catalogue of Opiliones" (WCO) is a collaborative effort to comprehensively index the Earth's species of harvestmen. This paper announces one component of the WCO, "WCO-Lite" a website available at https://wcolite.com/. WCO-Lite provides a graphic user interface for a second component of the WCO, "Opiliones of the World", a database on the taxonomy of the harvestmen curated in TaxonWorks (TW). WCO-Lite interfaces include: (1) a checklist of all valid taxa of the arachnid Opiliones, exhaustive up to December 2018; (2) a taxonomic tree; (3) a search engine comprising two modules; and (4) a counter of species diversity for each taxon. An e-Book companion was launched simultaneously with WCO-Lite version 1.1 on September 12, 2020 to account for the formal publication of mandatory nomenclatural changes and availability of taxonomic names. The collective components of the WCO are also being summarized in a forthcoming conventional paper-form catalogue, currently in manuscript stage.

UniBioDicts: Unified access to Biological Dictionaries.

SummaryWe present a set of software packages that provide uniform access to diverse biological vocabulary resources that are instrumental for current biocuration efforts and tools. The Unified Biological Dictionaries (UniBioDicts or UBDs) provide a single query-interface for accessing the online API services of leading biological data providers. Given a search string, UBDs return a list of matching term, identifier and metadata units from databases (e.g. UniProt), controlled vocabularies (e.g. PSI-MI) and ontologies (e.g. GO, via BioPortal). This functionality can be connected to input fields (user-interface components) that offer autocomplete lookup for these dictionaries. UBDs create a unified gateway for accessing life science concepts, helping curators find annotation terms across resources (based on descriptive metadata and unambiguous identifiers), and helping data users search and retrieve the right query terms.Availability and implementationThe UBDs are available through npm and the code is available in the GitHub organisation UniBioDicts (https://github.com/UniBioDicts) under the Affero GPL license.Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Особенности интерфейса устройства тестового диагностирования памяти DDR SDRAM

The I/О synchronization scheme plays an important role in achieving maximum speed and reliability of data transmission during memory operation. This paper presents the interface architecture of the DDR SDRAM test diagnostic device. It was demonstrated that the proposed interface components provide the formation of a bidirectional synchro signal for gating written and read data when performing test diagnostics of chips and DDR SDRAM memory devices. Compared to traditional methods, the proposed interface components were made on integrated electronic elements, which reduced the size and power consumption. It has been established that the use of a multiphase synchronization system to implement the interface eliminated the use of delay lines, the disadvantages of which are large dimensions and the complexity of changing the delay time. The interface components under consideration are intended for use in test diagnostics devices that have a multiprocessor structure, which increases the speed of forming test actions and reference reactions. The performed functional modeling and debugging of strobe signal generators confirmed the feasibility of the designs. The proposed interface of the test diagnostics device allows performing test diagnostics of modern high-speed chips and semiconductor memory modules at the operating frequency, which increases the reliability of the results obtained. Interface components can be used by manufacturers of test diagnostics tools for modern high-speed storage devices.

Q-CSF: Quantum-Aware Compositional Scheduling Framework for Hierarchical Real-Time Systems

Component-based design has received considerable attention owing to its advantages in terms of security and safety when developing modern embedded systems. To effectively allocate computing resources to components in these systems, real-time component-based scheduling theory has been studied from various perspectives. The main advantage of component-based scheduling theory is that it guarantees the schedulability of an independent component and composability of multiple components. However, the existing component scheduling theory cannot be directly applied to real hardware platform due to an impractical assumption that resource allocation must be conducted across the continuum of real numbers, whereas actual operating systems (or virtualization systems) allocate resources in units of scheduling time quantum. In this study, we proposed a new efficient resource allocation and supply mechanism for quantumized hardware platforms while using real-number-based component interface. In simulation results with randomly-generated workloads, our approach reduced the overhead of existing approaches by up to 97.1% in an individual component. In composition of multiple components, our approach has up to 0.41 better acceptance ratio than existing approaches.

Single-step synthesis and interface tuning of core-shell metal-organic framework nanoparticles.

Control over the spatial distribution of components in metal–organic frameworks has potential to unlock improved performance and new behaviour in separations, sensing and catalysis. We report an unprecedented single-step synthesis of multi-component metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles based on the canonical ZIF-8 (Zn) system and its Cd analogue, which form with a core–shell structure whose internal interface can be systematically tuned. We use scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and a new composition gradient model to fit high-resolution X-ray diffraction data to show how core–shell composition and interface characteristics are intricately controlled by synthesis temperature and reaction composition. Particle formation is investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction, which reveals that the spatial distribution of components evolves with time and is determined by the interplay of phase stability, crystallisation kinetics and diffusion. This work opens up new possibilities for the control and characterisation of functionality, component distribution and interfaces in MOF-based materials.

Применение цифровой адаптивной платформы для обучения программированию с функцией формирования навыков командной работы

Research is carried out on approaches for the digital adaptive platform for learning programming with the teamwork skills forming function application. The work environment interface and key components that make the platform adaptable are demonstrated. The platform services responsible for information security functions are detailed. An example of the presented task is given.

Fast structural dynamic modeling and analysis for horizontally folding wing

To investigate the structural dynamic characteristics of a folding wing effectively, a fast structural dynamic modeling approach is proposed. Firstly, the interface compatible relationship of the traditional fixed interface component modal synthesis method is modified, and the internal force of the interface is completely expressed in the structural dynamic equation, so that the influence of the connection stiffness on the wing structure dynamics can be considered. Then, on the basis of the fixed interface component modal synthesis method, the main mode of fixed-loaded interface is introduced to establish the mixed-loaded interface component modal synthesis method, which makes it feasible to accurately reflect the influence of elasticity and inertia of fuselage and outer wing on inner wing. The structural dynamics modeling method based on two different kinds of component modal synthesis method analyzed and deduced in detail. The application of component modal synthesis method in the fast structural dynamics modeling of folding wing is achieved. The whole program is compiled in MATLAB. At the same time, the dynamic characteristics of the folding wing with different folding angles, different connections and different connection positions is investigated. The results of the method proposed in this paper are compared with the results of the repeated finite model established in MSC.NASTRAN to verify the effectiveness from the aspects of natural frequency and vibration mode.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ МУЛЬТИКОМПОНЕНТНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНОГО ТЕСТУВАННЯ

This work considers the problems of the software life cycle testing stage. After the analysis, the relevance to use automated testing systems in the implementation of software products was determined. Based on this, the structure of information technology of automated testing and features of the implementation of software interface components and dynamic analyzers are described. As a result, the multicomponent information technology of automated testing is modeled, which satisfies the needs of users in the high-quality implementation of the modular testing process.

Approach Allowing Design Adaptive View Models

The problem of setting interface settings for global software development processes is actual now. Successful solving of this problem can be source many benefits in view models, other words interface representation designing. Thus, in turn, allow to increase amount of web-site visitors and web applications users. Other advantage is to allow different developers to understand interface well and design application using n-tired architectural style. One of the important task is to archive dynamic localization for switching interface languages. Paper represents an approach of view models designing in context of dynamic localization for desktop application using WPF technology. Paper contains the review of existing frameworks for flexible interface designing supporting localization process. Approach touches some mathematical foundation of interface components representation, recommendation for framework designing, touching design patterns. Paper contains some practical examples of preparation interface using different languages.

Application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study interfaces for solid-state lithium ion battery

&lt;sec&gt;Solid-state lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high safety, high energy densities and other advantages. However, solid-state lithium-ion batteries cannot realize large-scale commercial use. There are key scientific and technical issues that have not been resolved, especially interface issues, such as high resistance and instability of the interface. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as an important surface analysis method, can perform qualitative and semi-quantitative chemical analysis of the interface, which makes XPS can be widely used to study the solid-state lithium-ion battery interfaces. In this paper, we review the recent research progress of solid-state lithium-ion battery interfaces by using XPS, and summarize and review the XPS experimental principle, experimental method, experimental results and their effects on interface performance. The XPS analysis methods for solid-state lithium-ion batteries include &lt;i&gt;ex-situ&lt;/i&gt; XPS, &lt;i&gt;in-situ&lt;/i&gt; XPS reflecting the real-time changes of the battery interface, and operando XPS based on the actual working conditions of the battery. &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;The &lt;i&gt;ex-situ &lt;/i&gt;XPS can study oxide solid electrolyte interfaces, sulfide solid electrolyte interfaces and artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers to access information about the chemical composition of the interface, predict the performance of the interface, obtain the chemical distribution in space, and evaluate the chemical structure and irregularity of the interface. With ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) the interface work function, energy band bending and energy structure of the full battery can be obtained. &lt;i&gt;In-situ&lt;/i&gt; XPS can effectively study the process of chemical reactions between the electrolyte and the electrode. The key prerequisite is the controllable &lt;i&gt;in-situ&lt;/i&gt; construction of the electrolyte/electrode interface. &lt;i&gt;In-situ&lt;/i&gt; XPS research can directly study the electrochemical changes of the interface. &lt;i&gt;In-situ&lt;/i&gt; XPS/UPS can study the energy level alignment of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, indicating that a space charge layer is formed at the solid electrolyte interface, and the energy band bending occurs. The degree of energy band bending is reflected in the binding energy shifts of the related elements at the interface. The change of the energy structure in the deposition process can be determined by the binding energy shifts of the related elements at the interface and the change of the interface work function. Operando XPS performs XPS characterization at the same time under the working condition of the battery. Operando XPS can be combined with electrochemical characterization to observe the effects of interface reaction and solid electrolyte decomposition products on electrochemical performance, thereby determining the main components that affect electrochemical performance. It can also be combined with the &lt;i&gt;ex-situ&lt;/i&gt; XPS to study the interface reaction mechanism and influencing factors. The information obtained includes the chemical states of elements after the interface reaction has occurred, the evolution of interface elements in the process of real-time interface reaction, the energy structure change and interface component overpotential, thus having a better understanding of interface composition, interfacial structure change, kinetics of interface reaction, and interfacial ion migration of the solid-state lithium ion batteries.&lt;/sec&gt;

Improving the Efficiency and Controllability of the Global Development of Graphical Interfaces on WPF

The issue of the correct distribution of work among team members has been an important part of software development for many years. Often the work must be divided even within one task. However, this can even degrade the speed and efficiency of execution. It is also likely to make the code unstable. This is especially true of the development of interface components. The solution lies on the surface - this is a good old organization of the process. Interested developers with affordable and clear development conditions are capable of fantastic efficiency.

A Novel Frequency Modulation Mechanism: The Interfacial Polarization Effect of SnO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/Sn/rGO Microwave Absorbers

Intelligent materials with effective frequency modulation (FM) are expected to meet practical application requirements but remains a great challenge. Herein, SnO2/Sn/rGO composites with frequency adjustable properties were successfully obtained by controlling the interface components. The realization of effective FM ascribes to the adjustable interfacial polarizations caused by the introduction of SnO2/Sn into rGO. In addition, the relaxation polarization loss plays a decisive role in microwave loss and FM mechanisms (relative to conductance loss), which are related to the intrinsic carrier concentration and the carrier migration. This strategy and theoretical analysis here may provide a new perspective for the design of the smart devices in a practical application.

Extreme Communication in 6G: Vision and Challenges for ‘in-X’ Subnetworks

The 6th Generation (6G) radio access technology is expected to support extreme communication requirements in terms of throughput, latency and reliability, which can only be achieved by providing capillary wireless coverage. In this paper, we present our vision for short-range low power 6G ‘in-X’ subnetworks, with the ‘X’ standing for the entity in which the cell in which the subnetwork is deployed, e.g., a production module, a robot, a vehicle, a house or even a human body. Such cells can support services that can be life-critical and that traditionally relied on wired systems. We discuss potential deployment options, as well as candidate air interface components and spectrum bands. Interference management is identified as a major challenge in dense deployments, which needs to handle also non-cellular types of interference like jamming attacks and impulsive noise. A qualitative example of interference-robust system design is also presented.

Reverse engineering models of software interfaces

Cyber-physical systems consist of many hardware and software components. Over the lifetime of these systems their components are often replaced or updated. To avoid integration problems, formal specifications of component interface behavior are crucial. Such a formal specification captures not only the set of provided operations but also the order of using them and the constraints on their timing behavior. Usually the order of operations are expressed in terms of a state machine. For new components such a formal specification can be derived from requirements. However, for legacy components such interface descriptions are usually not available. So they have to be reverse engineered from existing event logs and source code. This costs a lot of time and does not scale very well. To improve the efficiency of this process, we present a passive learning technique for interface models inspired by process mining techniques. The approach is based on representing causal relations between events present in an event log and their timing information as a timed-causal graph. The graph is further processed and eventually transformed into a state machine and a set of timing constraints. Compared to other approaches in literature which focus on the general problem of inferring state-based behavior, we exploit patterns of client-server interactions in event logs.