Subsystem Components Research Articles

Lyapunov based trajectory tracking controller for a quadrotor UAV with nonholonomic constraints

This paper presents a Lyapunov based controller for a quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to address the desired trajectory tracking problem. The controller is designed based on the dynamical model of the quadrotor UAV. The quadrotor UAV system can be divided into two subsystems e.g. translational components as the positional subsystem and rotational components as the attitude subsystem. The positional subsystem is an under-actuated system, and the attitude subsystem is a fully actuated system. The desired roll and pitch angles are calculated by considering the nonholonomic constraints of a quadrotor UAV. The desired yaw is considered as constant as well as variable considering different applications. The proposed controller is applied to hover at a desired setpoint, movement through multiple desired waypoints at different planes, and to track desired trajectories on different planes and with different shapes. The results depict that the quadrotor UAV has successfully tracked the desired waypoints and trajectories and hover at a desired setpoint. The comparative results are provided on multiple aspects such as the control input values, improvement of the tracking performance. These shows the effectiveness of the proposed controller over existing controllers.

Improving Fault Diagnosis of the Drilling Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (DPMSM) in Harsh Environments: A Novel Approach Using Object-Oriented Bayesian Network (OOBN)

The drilling permanent magnet synchronous motor (DPMSM) contains multiple subsystems with identical structures and has a high probability of failure because the downhole working conditions are harsh. Therefore, the quick localization of faults is difficult to determine although the fault type may be identified in time. The system diagnostic model based on the Bayesian network (BN) can be used for fault diagnosis and localization for components in subsystems, but it is difficult to build and modify due to the complex system in practice. New methods are necessary to reduce the difficulty of building and modifying models. In this study, object-oriented ideas are introduced into the BN to establish a system diagnostic model based on an Object-oriented Bayesian network (OOBN) for the DPMSM. First, the fault diagnostic models for subsystems based on BN are established, respectively. Then, submodels of forward and backward based on BN are instantiated as instance nodes. Next, instance nodes are connected through input nodes and output nodes to establish the OOBN-based system diagnosis model. Finally, the system diagnosis model is validated by sensitivity analysis and the effectiveness is discussed in Cases. The system diagnosis model can effectively reduce the difficulties of modeling and modifying.

Thermophysical Properties of Cu-Based Subsystems of High-Entropy Alloys

According to the well-known concept of multicomponent high-entropy alloys, high entropy of mixing can stabilize the formation of solid solutions (simple bcc or fcc crystal structure) during solidification. Stabilization of the solid solution and prevention of the formation of intermetallic phases during solidification is provided by the high entropy of mixing in the solid and liquid states. High-entropy alloys have increased strength, high hardness, thermal stability in combination with good resistance to oxidation and corrosion. These properties allow to significantly expand the scope of these alloys. In this work, the electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and surface tension of binary Cu–Sn, Cu–Ga and Cu–Bi alloys, which are the sub-system components of model low-temperature high-entropy Bi–Cu–Ga–Pb–Sn alloys, have been studied in a wide temperature range including solid and liquid states. The lack of the surface tension data of the above-mentioned alloys is compensated by the model predicted values.

The program of inclusion in the search activity of older adolescents and youth as a means of social hardening

The article discusses the content component of the implementation of the search activity of older adolescents and young men through modeling and implementation of programs aimed at their social hardening. This process is characterized by a special approach, multi-vector, reasonableness from the point of view of the formation of target settings. At the same time, the program is considered as a local project containing a justification of the idea, a list of basic approaches and principles, a statement of theoretical and practical actions. The variability in the content of the implemented programs in the activities of search teams allowed us to focus on the formation of a model within which it is possible to identify mutually conditioning blocks: target, value-oriented, content-based, technological, evaluative and effective, subsystem (component). The formed model approach makes it possible to assess the potential of involvement in search activities, promotes the formation of participants in such associations to critically evaluate the past and present, their own actions, be ready to overcome difficulties, make independent decisions and take responsibility for it, respond to socially significant events, work in a team. The content component of the program is aimed at solving military-patriotic and socio-pedagogical goals. The variability of the use of the program approach made it possible to include a variety of forms and methods in it, the modularity of the construction allows it to be expanded in time, the number of participants, and the resources involved.

Towards Automation of the FORM/BCS Method

The software industry is facing more complex computer systems, with short development and sustainability issues. To deliver good software with these constraints, software reuse has become a central concept for minimizing design and realization costs. This study improves upon Feature-Oriented Reuse Method with Business Component Semantics (FORM/BCS), a software development method that produces adaptable architectures from reusable domain components. This is a promising method for reusable software assets and model creation. The objective of the FORM/BCS is to bring the industrial production chain to the software. This study proposes a model to automatically transform the FORM/BCS business subsystem component into a process business component. Two metamodels for business subsystems and process business components were developed. In addition, this study establishes correspondences between the source metamodel and target metamodel classes, transformation rules, and the instance of the source metamodel and generates the target metamodel instance. Detailed findings can help practitioners reduce software design costs and development time, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in software engineering.

Stability of coupled jump diffusions and applications

This paper develops stability and stabilization for systems of fully coupled jump diffusions. Such systems frequently arise in numerous applications where each subsystem (component) is operated under the influence of other subsystems (components). It derives sufficient conditions under which the underlying system of coupled jump diffusions is stable. The results are then applied to investigate the stability of linearizable jump diffusions, fast-slow coupled jump diffusions. Moreover, weak stabilization of interacting systems and consensus of leader-following systems are examined.

A renewable and hydrogen based multigeneration system designed for ferry applications

As a prime concern in all economic sectors, effective nature-friendly energy and fuel solutions are desperately needed for marine transportation that is heavily based on fossil fuels in the current state. In this study, a new hydrogen energy-based integrated system for ferry applications is developed and technically evaluated through analysis and assessment. The system utilizes renewable solar and wind energy resources to produce hydrogen onboard. Together with power required for propulsion, the system provides heating and cooling loads fed by hydrogen energy. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell and electrolyzer components comprised in the integrated system are electrochemically modelled and analyzed. The overall system and sub-system components are evaluated by using thermodynamic principles, and the overall system energy and exergy efficiencies are, in this regard, investigated and evaluated. Some parametric studies are also conducted on various design and operational related parameters to investigate their potential impacts on the system performance. The current system designed for ferry transportation is capable of providing a net electrical power output of 72 kW, a heating capacity of 6.02 kW and a colling capacity of 6.13 kW, while providing the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of 23.8% and 16.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the results clearly show that the current integrated system can make the ferry as a self-sustaining one by using renewable and environmentally benign energy sources.

A system for bioelectronic delivery of treatment directed toward wound healing

The development of wearable bioelectronic systems is a promising approach for optimal delivery of therapeutic treatments. These systems can provide continuous delivery of ions, charged biomolecules, and an electric field for various medical applications. However, rapid prototyping of wearable bioelectronic systems for controlled delivery of specific treatments with a scalable fabrication process is challenging. We present a wearable bioelectronic system comprised of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device cast in customizable 3D printed molds and a printed circuit board (PCB), which employs commercially available engineering components and tools throughout design and fabrication. The system, featuring solution-filled reservoirs, embedded electrodes, and hydrogel-filled capillary tubing, is assembled modularly. The PDMS and PCB both contain matching through-holes designed to hold metallic contact posts coated with silver epoxy, allowing for mechanical and electrical integration. This assembly scheme allows us to interchange subsystem components, such as various PCB designs and reservoir solutions. We present three PCB designs: a wired version and two battery-powered versions with and without onboard memory. The wired design uses an external voltage controller for device actuation. The battery-powered PCB design uses a microcontroller unit to enable pre-programmed applied voltages and deep sleep mode to prolong battery run time. Finally, the battery-powered PCB with onboard memory is developed to record delivered currents, which enables us to verify treatment dose delivered. To demonstrate the functionality of the platform, the devices are used to deliver H^+ in vivo using mouse models and fluoxetine ex vivo using a simulated wound environment. Immunohistochemistry staining shows an improvement of 35.86% in the M1/M2 ratio of H^+—treated wounds compared with control wounds, indicating the potential of the platform to improve wound healing.

Component selection for optimal reliability of a repairable load-sharing system

This study determines the number of components in each subsystem that maximizes the reliability of a load-sharing [Formula: see text] out of [Formula: see text] system when repair is performed at the subsystem level. Previous studies have obtained the system availability given that repair is performed for each component failure. We explain how the statistical flowgraph model is used for computing system reliability under the assumption of an inverse Gaussian distribution for the repair of each subsystem and an exponential distribution for the lifetime of a component operating at a fixed load. A closed-form expression is derived for the transition probability between the system states and the moment generating function of the corresponding waiting time distribution conditional on the transition. By comparing the reliability of systems using different numbers of components in subsystems, we explain how the optimal solution is affected by the repair process and the component homogeneity among subsystems. We discover that, if repair is not considered, it is optimal to use a single subsystem that has the maximum reliability across different operating loads, whereas the use of multiple subsystems is beneficial if repair is performed for a subsystem with a small number of components.

Human Resource Planning Subsystem and Firm Performance of Listed Companies at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya

Globally, information systems have revolutionized various sectors of the economy, and their significance is particularly pronounced in developed countries. Human Resource planning subsystem has emerged as a time-saving and cost-effective solution in managing human resources. The study aims to explore whether there is a significant link between Human Resource planning subsystem utilization and the performance of listed companies at NSE. This study examines the relationship between Human Resource planning subsystem and firm performance of listed companies at the NSE in Kenya. Human Resource planning subsystem is a crucial tool adopted globally to streamline human resource management practices, including HR planning and performance management. The study analyzes the effect of Human Resource planning subsystem components, such as HR planning and firm performance, particularly focusing on the financial perspective, using the return on assets ratio. The study adopts an explanatory research design to identify causal links between Human Resource planning subsystem factors and firm performance. Both primary and secondary data are utilized in this research. Secondary data from financial statements provided by the Capital Markets Authority is combined with primary data collected from questionnaires and interviews conducted with HR managers of thirty listed companies. The study establishes that Human Resource planning subsystem components have a positive influence on the performance of companies listed at NSE. Human Resource planning subsystem facilitates the Workforce Demand Forecasting, Workforce Supply Forecasting, Skills Inventory and Analysis, Succession Planning leading to enhanced performance. Moreover, Human Resource planning subsystem aids in decision-making related to salary increments, promotions, retention, recognition of performance, layoffs, and identification of underperforming employees. The study further reveals that Human Resource planning subsystem effectively manages external information outside the organization, contributing to improved performance. Additionally, Human Resource planning subsystem enables employees to access their payroll information offsite, promoting convenience and reducing payroll administration expenses. Based on the findings, the study concludes that Human Resource planning subsystem, particularly the recruitment and selection subsystem, significantly affects firm performance among NSE-listed companies. Additionally, HR planning subsystem also plays a crucial role in influencing firm performance. To enhance firm performance, the study recommends the implementation and improvement of the Human Resource planning subsystem. Furthermore, it suggests investing in the enhancement of the Human Resource planning subsystem, as it has a direct impact on a firm's performance.

Exergy analysis of alternative configurations of biomass gasification-mixed alcohol production system via catalytic synthesis and fermentation

In-depth exergy analysis of three conceptual biomass-mixed alcohol systems using syngas platform has been studied, according to the distribution strategy of synthesis tail gas and syngas. The system configurations are base case, cascade case and parallel case. The results show that higher alcohol yield (C2+OH) is highest in base case, which is a catalytic synthesis process with synthesis tail gas recycling. Yet its exergy efficiency is lower than that of 43.8% in the hybrid conversion configuration of cascade case, of which synthesis tail gas is recycled to an additional subsystem for gas fermentation. And it has increased bioconversion of COX components (CO and CO2) in tail gas for ethanol production under moderate bioreaction condition and biomass carbon utilization ratio of 38.8% is obtained in cascade case. With the detailed exergy analysis at the levels of system, subsystem, and operation component, it highlights that the subsystems of gasification and steam & power generation contribute above 70% of total system exergy destruction, mainly from gasifier and combustor. The results of this study provide a further understanding towards bio-mixed alcohol production configuration to improve its thermodynamic performance as exergy efficiency via the hybrid conversion processes of catalytic synthesis and metabolic fermentation pathway.

Decentralised fully probabilistic design for stochastic networks with multiplicative noise

In this paper, we present an innovative decentralised control framework, designed to address stochastic dynamic complex systems that are influenced by multiple multiplicative noise factors. Our advanced approach builds upon the foundation of conventional Decentralised Fully Probabilistic Design (DFPD) by refining the Riccati equation to accommodate multiple noise sources effectively. By embracing the inherent stochastic nature of complex systems, our methodology fully characterises their dynamic behaviours using probabilistic state–space models, delivering a comprehensive representation of subsystem components. Importantly, the DFPD approach also incorporates system and input constraints by characterising their corresponding ideal distributions, ensuring optimal functionality and performance while adhering to permissible boundaries. To further enhance system performance, we introduce a probabilistic message passing architecture that enables seamless communication between neighbouring subsystems and promotes harmonised decision-making among local nodes. To demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed framework, we employ a three-inverted pendulum system as a numerical example and compare its performance to that of the conventional DFPD. Through this comparison, we showcase the advantages of our novel decentralised control approach in handling complex systems with multiple noise factors.

Coated Piston Ring Pack and Cylinder Liner Elastodynamics in Correlation to Piston Subsystem Elastohydrodynamic: Through FEA Modelling

A finite element model is developed to assess the effects of the TiSiCN thin film coating of the piston ring on the structural strength of the piston subsystem. The complex, cyclically variable forces are considered in load and boundary conditions. The model included combustion dynamics, contact kinetics, piston subsystem primary and secondary motions, and lubricated contact conditions to evaluate the applied forces. A comparative analysis is performed for coated and uncoated cases. Four different crown geometries are tried for selecting the best case of crown design for coated piston subsystem components. The analysis predicts better strength in coated cases compared to uncoated ones. The type-A crown design develops less stress, while the compression ring suffers the most due to elastic deformation and is more prone to fatigue failure.

ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES IN CONVERTER WITH TWENTY-ZONE VOLTAGE REGULATION ANDACTIVE-INDUCTIVE LOAD

Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized beside this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator. Mathematical model is created for analysis electro-magnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width pulsed regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method much parametric functions was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for fifteen zoned regulations of the output voltage. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub-system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created. The obtained results have a great value for development theoretical electrical engineering in a direction of simplification of calculations of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semi-conductor converters of the electric power. The Electromagnetic processes in electric circuit under width-pulse regulation possible to analyse with use the algorithmic equations multivariable function, which argument are a system parameters semiconductor commutator, signal of control, phases to network of the power supply and time. Introduction multivariable function with discrete parameter in algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in electric circuit of the variable structure allows to reflect change of this structure under system components, simplifying modeling and analysis of such processes to account of the generalization of the got equations. Except specified correlations and diagrams designed model allows to analyse forms of the output voltages and current of the separate power modules.

Chinese Brand Identity Management Based on Never-Ending Learning and Knowledge Graphs

Brand identity (BI) refers to the individual characteristics of an enterprise or a certain brand in the market and in the mind of the public. It reflects the evaluation and recognition of the public on the brand and is the core of the market strategy. Successful BI management can bring great business value. Nowadays, the BI management methods based on Internet, big data, and AI are widely adopted. However, they are also confronted with problems, such as accuracy, effectiveness, and sustainability, especially for the Chinese BI. Our work applies the knowledge graph (KG) and never-ending learning (NEL) for exploring efficient Chinese BI management methods. We adapt the NEL framework for the sustainability. In order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness, we express the BI knowledge with KGs and propose two methods in the subsystem components of NEL: (1) the BI evaluation model based on KG and two-dimensional bag-of-words; (2) the Apriori based on KG. In the knowledge integrator of NEL, we propose the synonym KGs for suppressing the concept duplication and drift. The experimental results show that our method reached high consistency with the experts of BI management and the industry reports.

Parameteric Estimation for Reliability Function of Phased Mission Systems with Series Network

In this paper, we consider a phased mission system consisting of [Formula: see text] phases (subsystems) wherein the control flows sequentially. The mission is successful if tasks associated with every phase are successful. Density and reliability functions of the lifetime of such a system are worked out when the lifetimes of components of the subsystems follow exponential distribution. It is assumed that components in different subsystems are in series configuration and function independently. The subsystems are assumed to operate independently. A simulation study is conducted to find bias of the estimates of the parameters and the reliability function. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the estimates is also calculated.

Analysis of the State and Ways of Development of the Information and Analytical System of Scientific and Technical Support for the Development of Agriculture (STSDA)

The architecture and functional requirements for the development and maintenance of an information and analytical system for operational monitoring, assessment of the state and risks of scientific and technical support for the development of agriculture are disclosed. The current state of the functionality of its individual components in thematic subsystems is revealed. It is proposed to include functional requirements for the system in the terms of reference when creating new subsystems.

Shape dependence of mutual information in the OPE limit: linear responses

Mutual information serves as an important measure of correlation between subsystem components. In the framework of quantum field theories (QFTs) they have better regulated UV behavior than entanglement entropy, and thus provide more direct access to universal aspects of entanglement structures. In this paper, we study the linear responses under shape deformation of the mutual information in the conformal field theory (CFT) vacuum between two spheres of radius R separated by large distance L ≫ R or conformally equivalent configurations. Our calculations make use of the previous OPE results for mutual information [1] and the associated modular Hamiltonian [2]. In particular, we apply the entanglement first law to compute the linear responses of mutual information under shape deformation on one of the spheres. We find that the linear responses exhibit a high degree of universality for a selected class of OPE contributions. We demonstrate that there is a “little group” of symmetries associated with the set-up. Our result implies that the spherical mutual information is extremal over shape deformations of non-zero modes under the symmetry group.

A composite voltage stability index for integrated energy systems based on L-index and the minimum eigenvalue of reduced Jacobian matrix

The closer interdependency of subsystems in integrated energy systems (IESs) and the continuous increase of electricity/gas/heat loads have brought great challenges to the stable operation of IESs. In response to the static voltage stability problem of IESs, this paper proposes a composite voltage stability index (CVSI) based on the minimum eigenvalue of a reduced Jacobian matrix and the known L-index. First, a unified multi-energy flow model for integrated electrical, natural gas and heating system is established, which comprises the steady-state modeling of each energy subsystem and coupling components in IESs. Then, an integrated multi-energy flow calculation method based on the Newton–Raphson algorithm is developed to solve the unified steady-state model of IESs. On the basis, the unified Jacobian matrix after multi-energy flow convergence can be obtained. Moreover, a reduced Jacobian matrix considering the impacts of multi-energy state variables on the reactive power of electrical power system (EPS) is constructed. Afterward, the CVSI is proposed, which combines the minimum eigenvalue of the constructed reduced Jacobian matrix and the L-index derived from bus voltage calculation formula. The proposed CVSI takes both the voltage stability margin of whole system and the voltage stability of electrical buses into consideration. Finally, numerical simulations are exploited to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed voltage stability index.

INVERTER MATHEMATICAL MODEL THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE TO DC WITH SIXTEEN ZONE REGULATION VOLTAGE

Analysis of the electromagnetic processes is organized beside this article in electric circuit with semiconductor commutator. Mathematical model is created for analysis electro-magnetic processes in semiconductor converter with width pulsed regulation of the output voltage. The broughted graphs, which reflect the electromagnetic processes in electric circuit. Method much parametric functions was used when performing calculation. The mathematical model of the converter is created for fifteen zoned regulations of the output voltage. Article is devoted to the development of a method of multi-parametric modulating functions by means of working out of new mathematical models and definition of functions and the algorithmic equations for the analysis on sub-system components of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits of variable structure with sinusoidal, direct and pulsing voltage. Introduction of functions with discrete parameters in the algorithmic equations for analysis of processes in circuits with semiconductor commutators simplifies modeling on subsystem components. The mathematical model of steady-state processes and transients in electric circuits of semiconductor converters of modulation type with multi-channel zonal use of phase and line voltages of a three-phase network of power supplies is developed. The mathematical model of electric circuits of thyristor shapers of electro-discharge pulses for the analysis and the matching of capacitors charging modes with decrease several times of electric resistance of technological load is also created. The obtained results have a great value for development theoretical electrical engineering in a direction of simplification of calculations of electromagnetic processes in electric circuits with semi-conductor converters of the electric power. The Electromagnetic processes in electric circuit under width-pulse regulation possible to analyse with use the algorithmic equations multivariable function, which argument are a system parameters semiconductor commutator, signal of control, phases to network of the power supply and time. Introduction multivariable function with discrete parameter in algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and connecting processes in electric circuit of the variable structure allows to reflect change of this structure under system components, simplifying modeling and analysis of such processes to account of the generalization of the got equations. Except specified correlations and diagrams designed model allows to analyse forms of the output voltages and current of the separate power modules.