Components Of Self-efficacy Research Articles

PORTRAIT OF SELF EFFICACY AND CONSERVATIONMATERNITY NURSING CARE ON PATIENT WITH CERVICAL CANCER

Cervical cancer is one of the main chronic diseases in women with a variety of symptoms throughout the patient's life. The adaptation process of the symptoms is an important part which is the responsibility of patients with chronic diseases such as cervical cancer. Conservation and self-efficacy models can assist nurses through a framework based on four principles of conservation that are integrated with all four components of self-efficacy. The integration of these two models can represent the views of individual holistically, active, and independent, and involves the active participation of the patient in the nursing plan. This can help patients to manage a normal life in order to survive and improve their health status.Keywords: cervical cancer, the integration of conservation and self-efficacy theory.

Social media addiction and psychological adjustment: religiosity and spirituality in the age of social media

ABSTRACTPrevious research indicates a significant association between social media use and psychological adjustment. The present study investigated whether religiosity/spirituality mediates the relationship between social media intrusion and psychological adjustment. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, Religious Commitment Inventory-10, Spirituality Index of Well-Being, the DASS-21 Scales, and the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, which was altered slightly to include all types of social media. Results revealed that social media intrusion was significantly positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, and negatively correlated with spiritual well-being and the self-efficacy component of spiritual well-being. Furthermore, the self-efficacy dimension of spiritual well-being partially mediated the association between social media intrusion and psychological stress. From these results, it may be inferred that higher social media intrusion may have the ability to decrease specific aspects of spirituality, which may, in turn, negatively impact psychological adjustment. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

Investigating the role of organizational happiness inteachers’ occupational burnout

The present paper studies the impact of organizational happiness on teachers’ occupational burnout. This research employs a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population is consisted of all 530 elementary school teachers in the city of Kuhdasht. Using Krejcie and Morgan table, sample size is determined to be 226. In order to collect the required data, the Oxford Happiness questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire have been used. In order to analyze the data and examine the hypotheses, descriptive statistic indices including mean and standard deviation as well as inferential statistics such as Pearson’s correlation test have been used. The results indicate that the total scale of organizational happiness and the components of self-concept, life satisfaction, mental preparation, aesthetic emotion, self-efficacy, and hopefulness have a negative and significant relationship with occupational burnout. This implies that as teachers’ self-concept, life satisfaction, mental preparation, aesthetic emotion, self-efficacy, and hopefulness improve, their occupational burnout decreases. Keywords: happiness, occupational burnout, teachers

Psychological Capital: A Positive Psychological Resource and Its Relationship with Creative Performance Behavior

Creative performance behavior and psychological capital concepts having theoretical roots of positive organizational behavior and positive psychological capital have been examined in a number of studies in literature for investigating high performance and innovative organizations. It is recognized that the employee creative performance behavior has been the investigated with its associations with several concepts including supportive managerial implementation, job characteristics, organizational climate and culture, personality factors. The present study has focused on the assumption regarding the relationship between psychological capital components of self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience with creative performance behavior. Based on the extant resources and conceptual rationale, it is expected that psychological capital variables could have significant explanatory power on employee creative performance behavior. With that respect, a research study was performed in a large size White Good Company in Turkey which has been indicated as an innovative and high performance organization by relevant research results. 165 first line and middle level white and blue collar employees have participated in the questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed through the use of SPSS and LISREL programmes. Each variable of the model was evaluated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) methods. According to the results, it was revealed that the total psychological capital and each of the psychological capital components had significant positive relationships with employee creative performance behavior. In addition, it was demonstrated that psychological capital components had significant effect on explaining creative performance behavior.

Health Risk Perceptions and Exercise in Older Adulthood: An Application of Protection Motivation Theory.

Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) was applied to explore the relationship between perceived risk of acute health crises and intent to exercise. Interviews of 351 community-living older adults assessed prior physical activity (PPA), all PMT components, and exercise intent. A multi-group structural equation model revealed gender differences in PMT predictors of exercise intent. PPA, age, self-efficacy, and response efficacy directly predicted men's intent. Women's PPA and age predicted PMT components of self-efficacy and response costs, which predicted intent. Findings have implications for devising interventions to enhance physical activity in later life by targeting different PMT components for older men and women.

Impact of Facebook Usage on Macau's People Aged 45 and Above:Implications for Marketers, Social Workers and Policy Makers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy with job burnout among primary school teachers in Babol (Mazandaran, Iran). This is a descriptive correlational study clearly based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The participants of this study were 225 of public primary school teachers in Babol in academic year 2013-14 that were selected via cluster random sampling method. Participants completed Maslach and Jackson's Job Burnout Inventory (MBI) (1996), Teacher Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (by Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk, 2001) and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (by Schutte, 1998) and reliability and validity of these questionnaires were obtained. Results of Pearson correlation showed that all emotional intelligence, job burnout and self-efficacy components are mutually correlated with each other (P<0.01(. Implementing structural equation modeling (SEM) for casual relationship between emotional intelligence and job burnout through mediator variable self-efficacy, we found that the proposed model has a good fit and burnout is well explained by emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. Also all of the model path coefficients were significant.

Frontline nurse managers' confidence and self-efficacy

This study was focused on determining relationships between confidence levels and self-efficacy among nurse managers. Frontline nurse managers have a pivotal role in delivering high-quality patient care while managing the associated costs and resources. The competency and skill of nurse managers affect every aspect of patient care and staff well-being as nurse managers are largely responsible for creating work environments in which clinical nurses are able to provide high-quality, patient-centred, holistic care. A descriptive, correlational survey design was used; 85 nurse managers participated. Years in a formal leadership role and confidence scores were found to be significant predictors of self-efficacy scores. Experience as a nurse manager is an important component of confidence and self-efficacy. There is a need to develop educational programmes for nurse managers to enhance their self-confidence and self-efficacy, and to maintain experienced nurse managers in the role.

Teachers’ Self- and Collective Efficacy: The Case of Novice English Language Teachers

This paper studies the relationship between EFL teachers’ self-efficacy and collective efficacy among 55 novice EFL teachers from Milad Language Institute in Tehran, Iran. The participants were asked to complete the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy, 2001), and the short version of Collective Teachers’ Efficacy Instrument (CTEI) (Goddard and Goddard, 2001). Data analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between the teachers’ self-efficacy and their collective efficacy. To investigate which components of self-efficacy might have more predictive power in predicting teachers' collective efficacy, regression analysis was run. The first subscale of self-efficacy, i.e., self-efficacy for students' engagement, was found to be a good predictor of teachers' self-efficacy. The paper presents possible differences in the sources of collective efficacy and teacher self-efficacy and the interaction between teachers’ self-efficacy and collective efficacy. The conclusions and implications of the research are discussed with reference to Bandura's (1977) social cognitive theory and the earlier findings.

Professional Competence of Prospective Teachers in Business and Economics Education: Evaluation of a Competence Model Using Structural Equation Modeling

Teacher competence is crucial for quality of teaching and learner achievement. Competency models and competence measurement are prevalent in domains such as the natural sciences and lacking in others. We conducted our research in the field of business and economics education by focusing on the accounting domain because it is key to a deep understanding of the economic context and the development of economics competence. To teach well, teachers require professional knowledge, which is mainly composed of content knowledge (CK), pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), and pedagogical knowledge (PK). Our competence model comprises the cognitive component of professional knowledge and the noncognitive components of beliefs, self-efficacy, and self-regulation. To measure competence in competence of prospective teachers, we employed novel instruments to test for professional knowledge and beliefs as well as established ones to test for self-regulation and self-efficacy. The sample consists of 1,152 students at 24 German universities. The structure of the competence model was tested. Results suggest that professional competence in accounting has at least four distinct dimensions (CK, PCK, beliefs, and self-regulation aspects).

Individual Psychology: The Sweet and Sour of the Human Condition

Individual Psychology:The Sweet and Sour of the Human Condition Roy M. Kern and William L. Curlette A metaphor for this issue might be the confusing reaction of our taste buds when we consume a sweet-and-sour Chinese dish. The sweet is enjoyable, but the sour alters the taste of the ingredients. In this issue the sweetness is the wealth of scholarly contributions by authors who have shared their thoughts, ideas, and research findings. The sour part tempering these contributions is the recent death of Margot Adler, the granddaughter of Alfred Adler and daughter of Kurt Adler. The lead article in this issue is a lecture given by Alexandra Adler on behalf of her father; the lecture had been scheduled prior to Alfred Adler’s death in 1937. Addressing ideas related to alcoholism, substance abuse, suicide, and neurosis, the lecture is an insightful gem related to the use of hypnotism and anti-suggestion interventions. The discussion on the purpose-fulness of behavior of those clinical conditions, as well as the suggestions of the dos and don’ts for therapists working with such clients, are of most interest to us in this issue. The interview with Frank Walton conducted by Watkins and Lindquist is a complementary fit with the lecture by Alexandra Adler. Of all the current Adlerians who have attended conferences, seminars, and live demonstrations, there are few who would doubt the immense contribution of our dear friend, Frank Walton. The interview captures the man’s personal philosophy, his therapeutic gifts, and his overall ideas of his life as an Adlerian. He is the master of demonstrating live the principles of Individual Psychology. This interview was previously scheduled for the column “Psychological Strategies,” edited by Rachel Shifron, Paul Rasmussen, and Richard Watts. Through extended discussions with one of the column editors, however, we came to a consensus that Frank’s contribution would be more respectfully carried as one of the lead documents in the journal. [End Page 1] We continue the clinical perspective with an article by Pomeroy and Clark, titled “Self-Efficacy and Early Recollections in the Context of Adlerian and Wellness Theory.” The authors present a convincing case that the construct of self-efficacy is embedded in the Individual Psychology constructs of lifestyle, social interest, and holism, as well as several wellness theories that explain these constructs with different words. The authors propose the importance of assessing the self-efficacy component of the personality to help clinicians tailor their treatment strategies to be more specific to each client. The authors also include examples of early memories of some clients to demonstrate the principles discussed in their article. In addition to this article, a book review on Arthur J. Clark’s Dawn of Memories: The Meaning of Early Recollections in Life, by Leigh Johnson-Migalski, may provide supplemental insights into the use of the technique. Following Pomeroy and Clark’s contribution on early recollections is Barton-Bellessa, Lee, and Shon’s article, which explores the importance of degree of activity and criminal behavior as discussed by Adler. In an interesting article on the omission or underrepresentation of Adler’s theory in introductory textbooks on criminology, the authors support their assumptions with descriptive data and a review of the most used texts on the subject in university settings. From our own perspective as editors, we were particularly impressed with the authors’ systematic description of Adler’s views on criminology. A sophisticated empirical study by Leeman, Dispenza, and Chang reports results of a study that explored the perceived potential of growth related to trauma, personality, and stress coping. The authors investigated the relationship among the Belonging/Social Interest and Being Cautious scales from the Basic Adlerian Scales for Interpersonal Success–Adult Form (BASIS-A), the Coping Resources Inventory for Stress–Short Form (CRIS-SF), and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). With a sample of 441 college students, the study examines the interrelatedness of personality themes, coping resources, and responses to a posttraumatic growth survey. The results of the hierarchal regression analyses determined that coping resources, belonging and/or social interest, and being cautious were significant predictors of perceived potential of growth. However, the research revealed some unexpected results related to...

Technical and Business Undergraduates' Self-Efficacy in Entrepreneurship

 Abstract—This paper examined how technical and business undergraduates perceive their ability to cope, perform and be successful in entrepreneurship. Previous research findings suggest that entrepreneurial intentions and actions are affected by individuals' self-esteem or self-efficacy pertaining to the self-confidence and perceived competency in business affairs. Perceived competence often refers to knowledge, skills and behavior, which are considered as the antecedence of self-confidence. As such, business students may be assumed to have higher self-esteem in business affairs than non-business students. However, little is known whether or not this assumption is valid. To address this issue, a set of questionnaire were distributed to technical and business undergraduates at two higher learning institutions to gauge their level of self-efficacy in business affairs. The study aims to explain the relationships between the component of individuals' self-efficacy, background and the entrepreneurial intention of technical and business undergraduates. The findings revealed that individuals' self-efficacy correlated with their trainingbut not with their informal entrepreneurship exposure and entrepreneurship intentions. The results also indicate that business and non-business students differ in one of the attitude components of self-efficacy.

特殊儿童父母自我效能问卷的编制

基于文献回顾和家长访谈，编制了特殊儿童父母自我效能问卷，并施测于859名特殊儿童父母。探索性因素分析结果表明，特殊儿童父母自我效能可解构为康复训练效能、学习指导效能、日常生活照料效能和问题行为管理效能4个因素。总问卷的分半信度为0.889，各因素的信度均在0.74以上，各因素与总问卷的得分之间的相关系数在0.754~0.839之间，各因素得分之间的相关系数在0.438~0.620之间。经过模型拟合，发现NFI、CFI、IFI和RFI的值都在0.9以上，说明问卷可适用于特殊儿童父母自我效能的测量。 Based upon literature review, in-deep interview with disabled children’s parents, a parental self- efficacy questionnaire for disabled children was developed and used for 859 parents of disabled children. Results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that four principal components of parental self-efficacy could be selected, which could be named rehealthy training efficacy, learning guidance efficacy, daily-life-care efficacy, and problem behavior management efficacy. Split-half reliability of total scale is 0.889, the reliability of various factors was more than 0.74, the correlation coefficient between each dimension and total score ranged from 0.754 to 0.839 and the correlation coefficient among subscales ranged from 0.438 to 0.62. Through the model fitting, the values of NFI, CFI, IFI, and RFI were more than 0.90, which indicated that the questionnaire could be applied to measure parental self-efficacy for disabled children.

Surveying the Relationship between Self Efficacy and Burnout of Faculty Members at Ardebil City Universities

This study had done to surveying relationship between self-efficacy and job burnout of faculty members at Ardebil city universities. For this purpose, we study the literature of self-efficacy (instructional strategies, classroom management and job involvement) and job burnout. The population was Ardebil city universities faculty members. We determined the amount of the sample size with the used of Cochran sampling method which the statistical sample is 359 of these employees which have been selected through the simple random sampling method. To gathering of data, we used a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data resulted from collected questionnaires deductive and descriptive statistical methods are used. The results Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test shows the test distribution is Normal. So we can use Multi Regression test the hypothesis of the research. The SPSS tool has been used. The findings show that with attention to each share of selfefficacy show that share of any dimensions is significant in predicting burnout. And also, considering the contribution of each component of career self-efficacy showed that only part classroom management (= - 0.03) in predicting burnout at 95% confidence level.

Motivational component profiles in university students learning histology: a comparative study between genders and different health science curricula

BackgroundThe students’ motivation to learn basic sciences in health science curricula is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different components of motivation (intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy and extrinsic -career and grade- motivation) on learning human histology in health science curricula and their relationship with the final performance of the students in histology.MethodsGlynn Science Motivation Questionnaire II was used to compare students’ motivation components to learn histology in 367 first-year male and female undergraduate students enrolled in medical, dentistry and pharmacy degree programs.ResultsFor intrinsic motivation, career motivation and self-efficacy, the highest values corresponded to medical students, whereas dentistry students showed the highest values for self-determination and grade motivation. Genders differences were found for career motivation in medicine, self-efficacy in dentistry, and intrinsic motivation, self-determination and grade motivation in pharmacy. Career motivation and self-efficacy components correlated with final performance in histology of the students corresponding to the three curricula.ConclusionsOur results show that the overall motivational profile for learning histology differs among medical, dentistry and pharmacy students. This finding is potentially useful to foster their learning process, because if they are metacognitively aware of their motivation they will be better equipped to self-regulate their science-learning behavior in histology. This information could be useful for instructors and education policy makers to enhance curricula not only on the cognitive component of learning but also to integrate students’ levels and types of motivation into the processes of planning, delivery and evaluation of medical education.

A brief intervention changing oral self‐care, self‐efficacy, and self‐monitoring

The roles of self-efficacy and self-monitoring as proximal predictors of dental flossing frequency are studied in the context of an oral health intervention. A study among 287 university students, aged 19 to 26 years, compared an intervention group that received a brief self-regulatory treatment, with a passive and an active control group. Dental flossing, self-efficacy, and self-monitoring were assessed at baseline and 3 weeks later. The intervention led to an increase in dental flossing regardless of experimental condition. However, treatment-specific gains were documented for self-efficacy and self-monitoring. Moreover, changes in the latter two served as mediators in a path model, linking the intervention with subsequent dental flossing and yielding significant indirect effects. Self-efficacy and self-monitoring play a mediating role in facilitating dental flossing. Interventions that aim at an improvement in oral self-care should consider using these constructs. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? The adoption and maintenance of oral self-care can be facilitated by a number of social-cognitive variables. Interventions that include planning, action control, or self-efficacy components have been shown to improve dental flossing. In one recent study on flossing in adolescent girls, planning intervention effects were mediated by self-efficacy. What does this study add? Self-monitoring is associated with better oral self-care. A 10-min intervention improves self-efficacy and self-monitoring. Self-efficacy and self-monitoring operate as mediators between treatment and flossing.

Self-efficacy and social networks after treatment for alcohol or drug dependence and major depression: disentangling person and time-level effects.

Proximal personal and environmental factors typically predict outcomes of treatment for alcohol or drug dependence (AODD), but longitudinal treatment studies have rarely examined these factors in adults with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. In adults with AODD and major depression, the aims of this study were to: (a) disaggregate person-and time-level components of network substance use and self-efficacy, (b) examine their prospective effects on posttreatment alcohol/drug use, and (c) examine whether residential environment moderated relations between these proximal factors and substance use outcomes. Veterans (N = 201) enrolled in a trial of group psychotherapy for AODD and independent MDD completed assessments every 3 months during 1 year of posttreatment follow-up. Outcome variables were percent days drinking (PDD) and using drugs (PDDRG). Proximal variables included abstinence self-efficacy and social network drinking and drug use. Self-efficacy and network substance use at the person-level prospectively predicted PDD (ps < .05) and PDDRG (ps < .05). Within-person, time-level effects of social networks predicted future PDD (ps < .05) but not PDDRG. Controlled environments moderated person-level social network effects (ps < .05), such that greater time in controlled settings attenuated the association between a heavier drinking/using network and posttreatment drinking and drug use. Both individual differences and time-specific fluctuations in proximal targets of psychosocial interventions are related to posttreatment substance use in adults with co-occurring AODD and MDD. More structured environmental settings appear to alleviate risk associated with social network substance use, and may be especially advised for those who have greater difficulty altering social networks during outpatient treatment.

Exploring the Self-efficacy Beliefs among the High Achievers in Writing

Learners form their self-efficacy beliefs by interpreting information primarily from four sources namely performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal. It is important to recognize the four cognitive nature of self-efficacy because the cognitive appraisal of information from the four sources will influence self-efficacy and it cannot be evaluated based on one source per se (Lane, Jones &amp; Stevens 2002). This article explores the four sources of self-efficacy among the high achievers in writing course. In analysing the finding, Z-scores were derived from each self-efficacy component score based on the aggregate mean and the standard deviation of the class. Findings show high frequency of negative z-value reported for Specific Progress (SPR) and Social Feedback (SF). Meanwhile, high frequency of positive z-value is found in the General Progress (GPR) and Physiological States (PS) components. Based on the finding, pedagogical implications, limitations and directions for further research are presented.

Reducing the Risk of HIV/AIDS in African American College Students

This study explores the impact of a peer-led HIV intervention, based on the health belief model and social cognitive theory of behavior change, on a sample of African American college students. Certified peer educators were trained by the researcher to implement the four-module HIV prevention intervention. Pre-/postassessments revealed that after the intervention, students were less embarrassed to put a condom on themselves or on their partner, were more likely to use a condom, and ask their sex partner if they had ever been tested for HIV. It was concluded that peer education, which focuses on susceptibility, severity, benefits, self-efficacy (components of the health belief model), skill building, and peer influence (social cognitive theory) is an effective strategy in reducing HIV risk behaviors among African American college students.

Further evidence on the structural relationship between academic self-concept and self-efficacy: On the effects of domain specificity

Given the importance of students' competence beliefs in science learning, many researchers have focused on the interplay between self-concept and performance in various domains. However, little research has been undertaken on the structure of competence beliefs and the domain specificity in scientific subjects such as chemistry. This study, consequently, aims to analyze the structure of competence beliefs by taking into account components of self-concept and self-efficacy as well as domain and construct effects. By using the data of 459 German high-school students of grade levels 10 to 13, it was found that structural models, which distinguish between general self-concept, chemistry self-concept and chemistry self-efficacy, represented the data reasonably well. The results provide evidence for (1) the empirical distinction between self-concept and self-efficacy within the domain of chemistry; (2) significant differences between general academic and domain-specific self-concept; and (3) substantial relationships among students' competence beliefs and school achievement. Furthermore, teachers' orientations towards hands-on inquiry activities and students' enjoyment in science were strongly related to self-concept and self-efficacy. Based on present competence-oriented curricula, it was possible to clarify the relationship among self-concept and self-efficacy in chemistry.

Time‐in‐a‐bottle (TIAB): a longitudinal, correlational study of patterns, potential predictors, and outcomes of immunosuppressive medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients

This study examined patterns, potential predictors, and outcomes of immunosuppressive medication adherence in a convenience sample of 121 kidney transplant recipients aged 21 yr or older from three kidney transplant centers using a theory-based, descriptive, correlational, longitudinal design. Electronic monitoring was conducted for 12 months using electronic monitoring. Participants were persistent in taking their immunosuppressive medications, but execution, which includes both taking and timing, was poor. Older age was the only demographic variable associated with medication adherence (r = 0.25; p = 0.005). Of the potential predictors examined, only medication self-efficacy was associated with medication non-adherence, explaining about 9% of the variance (r = 0.31, p = 0.0006). The few poor outcomes that occurred were not significantly associated with medication non-adherence, although the small number of poor outcomes may have limited our ability to detect a link. Future research should test fully powered, theory-based, experimental interventions that include a medication self-efficacy component.