Industry Compliance Research Articles

Managing well integrity in Queensland

A significant increase in activity in the Queensland petroleum industry began around 2005 with the rapid growth of coal seam gas developments. The integrity of these drilled wells is paramount to the continued safe operation of the Queensland petroleum industry, ensuring no detrimental effect to safety, health and environment. The Queensland Petroleum and Gas Inspectorate (PGI) is responsible for monitoring industry compliance with well integrity management requirements under the regulatory framework. This is achieved through three proactive actions (engagement, inspections, audits) and three reactive actions (response to enquiries, complaints, incidents). This paper focuses on the well inspections and audits conducted by the PGI. The PGI conducts an annual program of well inspections as part of its risk-based compliance program. These inspections are in addition to the inspections performed by industry. Although recent inspections have found well integrity-related deficiencies requiring rectification, no major or systemic problems have been identified. In fact, industry generally appears to be proactively addressing any deficiencies they find through their own well integrity management processes. The PGI is in the process of ensuring a renewed focus on well integrity during its own well inspections through structured and standardised inspections that have clear aims. This is part of a continuous improvement process and is a risk-based decision informed by the data that have been gathered. This will help ensure the program is not simply focused on quantity of inspections, but also on outcomes and quality. To complement the well inspection program, several audits have been conducted over the past 4–5 years. As part of this, in the first quarter of 2019, the PGI began conducting audits of the well integrity management systems (WIMS) of the four major coal seam gas producers. The results of this audit show improvement in both WIMS documentation and the implementation of those systems. Future PGI work in this area includes continuing with the recent audit programs, reviewing inspection processes and a plan to increase focus on plug and abandoned wells over the next 18 months.

Survey of mislabelling across finfish supply chain reveals mislabelling both outside and within Canada

Seafood has become one of the most heavily traded food commodities in the era of globalization. International seafood supply chains are complex and contend with many difficulties in bringing an enormous variety of products to market. A major challenge involves accurately labelling products such that they comply with a diverse set of regulatory frameworks, ranging from country-of-origin through to the final point of consumer sale. Thanks to DNA barcoding, seafood mislabelling is now recognized as a global problem, with potentially negative impacts on human health, economy and the environment. Mislabelling can result from species misidentification, use of inappropriate common names, incomplete and/or out-dated regulatory frameworks, or through market substitution. While prior studies have focused primarily on retail and food service establishments, this study used barcoding to assess rates of finfish mislabelling at multiple points in the supply chain within Ontario, Canada. A total of 203 specimens from 12 key targeted species were collected from varied importers, registered processing plants and retailers in Southern Ontario and identified using DNA barcoding. Species identity of samples was used to assess conformity of labelling against the Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA) Fish List, which revealed an overall mislabelling rate of 32.3% among targeted species. The mislabelling rate was significantly different between samples collected from importers and retailers. Among the mislabelled samples were seven samples that originated from US and were properly labelled according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Seafood List. This study evaluated the integrity of chain of custody documents and identified discrepancies in 43 samples (21.4%). Implementing seafood traceability throughout the supply chain and harmonizing labelling regulations between countries can help to ensure industry compliance in a globalized market, while sampling at multiple points in the supply chain can help to reveal causes.

REALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AIMS FOR INDUSTRY AND INNOVATIONS ON GLOCALIZATION PRINCIPLES

Topicality. Creating of sustainable infrastructure and promoting of inclusive and sustainable industrialization and innovations is one of the aims of sustainable development of the state, approved by the United Nations, that implemented by the Government of Ukraine as a basis for future economic development policy. In the process of studying of the state's sustainable development, setting aims and finding ways of realization important place takes the research of industrial development and innovations, that takes into account the national specificity of the state's institutional development and the existing socio-economic situation on the principles of glocalization. This will take into account the interests of local communities, involve them in cross-border and international economic relations and will enable them to take part in globalized markets on the basis of local preferences and features.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to formulate the conceptual foundations and work out scientifically grounded application tools that are used as a methodological approach to study the existing level of industry and innovation development and to find ways to improve it using billateral joint of local resources and abbilities with preferences and conditions of global markets.Research results. The authors developed a complex of indicators for assessing the level of compliance of national industry, innovations and infrastructure with modern requirements for improving of the economic efficiency and "ecologization" of the economy through resource conservation and reuse of resources on the basis of glocalization. Data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, data from international rating agencies were the basis for the information provision of monitoring of the state of industry, innovations and infrastructure. According to the revealed tendencies, measures are proposed to regulate the development of industrial production, innovations and infrastructure on the principles of glocalization, the introduction of the postulates of the "green" and circular economics, in particular - economic and organizational stimulation of non-waste production through the application of tax holidays, priority in the competition for funding from the State Fund for Regional Development such projects that include non-waste treatment of garbage, complex industrial recycling of secondary or non- raw material without waste generation, as well as on the basis of the introduction of innovative domestic technologies.Conclusion. The revealed patterns of ecologization of domestic industrial production in Ukraine on the basis of glocalization point to the low capacity of industrial non-waste recycling of garbage and the insignificant level of use of circular technologies in the production process, that confirms the fact of uncertainty of terms and prospects of the realization of the idea of decoupling and the introduction of industrial activities on the basis of environmental and the achievement of zero waste level. The implementation of innovations using low-waste, resource-saving technological processes remains at an average-low level and in a year does not exceed 30-35% from the total number of implemented innovative technological processes, while the share of innovation activity and expenses for scientific developments in the total GDP volume is constantly shrinking. The level of penetration of a comfortable and well-developed infrastructure in the areas of infocommunications, in addition to Internet services, and road networks remains rather low and determines the prospects for further growth.

Modern technology of treatment and disposal of chromium- and sulfide-bearing wastes

There were discovered the main sources of chromium- and sulfide-bearing sludges as well as their influence on a man and the environment. Requirements to the environmental compliance of leather industry have grown all over the world. There arises a need for creating new resource-saving technological schemes of leather industry chromium- and sulfide-bearing wastes treatment and disposal in order to return the valuable components into production. The obtained experimental results allowed to make a conclusion that for transforming into a concentrate any chromium- and sulfide-bearing sludges can be appropriate in the natural condition, after drying, after freezing and after preliminary processing by flocculants and freezing. The presented technology of chromium- and sulfide-bearing sludges neutralization and disposal will allow to change over to the almost non-waste leather-making what complies with the modern requirements of environmental protection.

Cybersecurity, Encryption, and Defense Industry Compliance with United States Export Regulations

Cybersecurity, Encryption, and Defense Industry Compliance with United States Export Regulations

A voluntary conservation agreement reduces the risks of lethal collisions between ships and whales in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Québec, Canada): From co-construction to monitoring compliance and assessing effectiveness.

Lethal collisions with ships are limiting the recovery of several at-risk whale species worldwide. In the St. Lawrence Estuary (Quebec, Canada), the endangered blue whale and of special concern fin whale are among the migratory species subject to collisions with large ships. In 2011, a working group composed of representatives from the maritime industry, the government, non-governmental organizations, and academia was created to explore solutions to mitigate ship-whale collisions in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Adopting an adaptive risk management framework, the working group took advantage of the best available scientific data and tools to co-construct realistic collision mitigation options and evaluate their likely benefits for whale conservation and costs for the industry. In 2013, the working group recommended the implementation of voluntary measures to mitigate collision risks, consisting of a slow-down area, a no-go area, and a caution area; a recommended route was added in 2014. Along with the voluntary framework, the working group agreed to continuously monitor compliance with and assess effectiveness of these mitigation measures. After the fourth year of implementation, voluntary measures showed encouraging results, with a reduction of up to 40% of lethal collision risks with fin whales in the highest density area. This reduction in risk is mainly related to ship speed reduction in the slow-down area from 14.1 ± 2.6 knots in 2012 to 11.3 ± 1.7 knots since 2014. The presence of a mandatory pilotage area overlapping with the slow-down area was instrumental to facilitate communication about the mitigation measures, with the pilotage corporation sitting as a regular member of the working group. This resulted in significantly slower speeds in the slow-down area for ships with a pilot from the pilotage corporation onboard compared to those without (-0.8 knots, p-value < 0.001). It is also likely to explain the weaker compliance of the maritime industry with the no-go area located outside of the mandatory pilotage area. Other factors of success include: the continuous dedication of the government to a voluntary and transparent participatory process; the use of available data, tools and institutions; the presence of an environmental certification program representative in the working group; and the adoption by consensus of an adaptive risk management approach. The traditional regulatory approach to conservation is often blamed for its focus on deterring negative behaviors, doing nothing to encourage and reward positive ones. In agreement with other case studies, the benefits of the voluntary measures implemented in the St. Lawrence Estuary include the pro-active commitment from the industry (which is likely to reduce conflicts with regulators), the greater flexibility and freedom that allowed to come up with cost-effective and tailored-made mitigation measures, and the fast achievement of conservation gains. More importantly perhaps, the human and working capital built throughout the concertation process have the potential to be a fundamental cornerstone in dealing with more complex issues such as the chronically increasing level of underwater noise in whale habitats.

Unlocking the Treasury Market through TRACE

This joint FEDS Note and Liberty Street Economics blog post from staff at the Board of Governors and Federal Reserve Bank of New York aims to share initial insights on the Treasury cash transactions data reported to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)'s Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE).

Abstract MP41: Quantifying the Health and Economic Impact of the FDA Added Sugar Labeling Mandate in the US: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Introduction: Excess added sugars, particularly from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), are linked to cardiometabolic risk including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD. Despite recent declines in SSB intake in the US, added sugar intake from SSBs and foods remains high and exceeds dietary recommendations. In May 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced major revisions to the Nutrition Facts panel, including mandatory labeling of added sugar content, as a strategy to target added sugars from packaged foods and beverages. Yet, potential health effects remain unclear; and the FDA recently announced delays in implementation. Aim: To estimate the cardiometabolic and economic effects of implementing FDA’s added sugar labeling policy over a 20-year horizon. Methods: A validated microsimulation model, the US IMPACT Food Policy Model, was used to estimate the T2D and CVD cases averted and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained from the FDA policy for US adults age 30+ years. Model inputs included: nationally representative demographics and added sugar intakes from NHANES; policy effects on consumer intake from labeling intervention studies; obesity-mediated effects and direct independent effects of added sugars from SSBs and other foods, considered separately, on T2D and CVD from meta-analyses; policy costs including government administrative costs and industry compliance costs from federal government reports; national health statistics from the CDC; and healthcare costs including medical, productivity, and indirect costs from the AHA and American Diabetes Association. All costs were inflated to constant 2017 US dollars, discounted annually at 3%. We took a societal perspective and assumed a willingness to pay of $100,000 per QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis accounted for model parameter uncertainty and population heterogeneity. Results: Between 2018 and 2037, the FDA added sugar labeling policy could prevent approximately 580,000 (95% UI: 270,000–960,000) T2D cases and 210,000 (96,000–440,000) CVD cases, generating 600,000 (290,000–970,000) discounted QALYs. The policy would produce discounted net cost savings (health savings minus policy costs) of $47.3bn (21.7-78.6), including $25.6bn (11.9-43.1) from direct healthcare cost reductions. Most (&gt;60%) savings were driven by costs related to T2D. Incorporating modelling and input uncertainty, the FDA added sugar label was estimated with &gt;80% probability to be cost-effective by 2020 and cost-saving by 2022. Potential additional reductions from industry reformulations were not included and could further increase cost-savings. Conclusions: Implementing the FDA added sugar labeling mandate would generate substantial health gains and cost savings for the US population, highlighting the need for timely implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

Metal Plating on Mold Compound for EMI Shielding with Industrial Test Compliance

The need for EMI shielding is becoming more pronounced as it is driven by miniaturization of devices, higher bandwidth of market needs, multiple applications on the same device, and heightened safety concerns with regard to the threat of electromagnetism to the health of users. In this paper, we present a reliable method for thin film coating on the surface of a molding compound by nickel and copper plating for EMI shielding applications. The correct adhesion promoter is carefully selected before proceeding into the plating process. After that, the plated samples were subjected to a series of aging processes following standard industrial compliance, and were found to have passed all the required criteria. The new approach has several advantages, such as excellent distribution of three-dimensional conformal coating and ease of mass production, which ultimately lowers the cost of production.

PROSEDUR UJI KEPATUHAN TERHADAP PRINSIP BERSAING ISLAMI PADA INDUSTRI PERBANKAN SYARIAH: SEBUAH PROPOSAL BERDASARKAN TEORI DAN KAJIAN EMPIRIS ORGANISASI INDUSTRI

An industry in Islamic Economics is required to compete perfectly regardless of its market structure. How to ensure this rule being implemented in reality, however, has been neglected either in literatures or by industry supervisors. This paper is aimed at proposing a systematic procedure to test the industry compliance toward islamic competition rules. The advance of theory and empirics of New Empirical Industrial Organization is used to formulate the procedure. There are two conditions to satisfy for an industry to have an islamic competition. The first and necessary condition is rejecting the Traditional Hypothesis which is based on collutive bahaviour of dominant banks. The second and sufficient condition is, the perfect competition is driven more by the intention of syariah compliance rather than due to the pressure of contestability. Keywords: SCP Paradigm, Perfect Competition, Contestable Market, Traditional Hypothesis, New Empirical Industrial Organization, Islamic Competition, Structural Approach, Nonstructural Approach, Panzar and Rosse Model

PROSEDUR UJI KEPATUHAN TERHADAP PRINSIP BERSAING ISLAMI PADA INDUSTRI PERBANKAN SYARIAH: SEBUAH PROPOSAL BERDASARKAN TEORI DAN KAJIAN EMPIRIS ORGANISASI INDUSTRI

An industry in Islamic Economics is required to compete perfectly regardless of its market structure. How to ensure this rule being implemented in reality, however, has been neglected either in literatures or by industry supervisors. This paper is aimed at proposing a systematic procedure to test the industry compliance toward islamic competition rules. The advance of theory and empirics of New Empirical Industrial Organization is used to formulate the procedure. There are two conditions to satisfy for an industry to have an islamic competition. The first and necessary condition is rejecting the Traditional Hypothesis which is based on collutive bahaviour of dominant banks. The second and sufficient condition is, the perfect competition is driven more by the intention of syariah compliance rather than due to the pressure of contestability. Keywords: SCP Paradigm, Perfect Competition, Contestable Market, Traditional Hypothesis, New Empirical Industrial Organization, Islamic Competition, Structural Approach, Nonstructural Approach, Panzar and Rosse Model

Evaluation of Australian soup manufacturer compliance with national sodium reduction targets.

Packaged foods dominate Australia's food supply and are important contributors to nutrition-related disease. To help address this problem, the Food and Health Dialogue (FHD) was launched in 2009, setting voluntary sodium reduction targets for various categories of packaged foods. The aim of this study was to examine the food industry's progress and compliance with the FHD sodium reduction targets for soup products. Nutritional information was collected from product labels of all soup products available from four major Australian supermarkets annually between 2011 and 2014. Products were assigned to categories in line with those in the FHD. The proportion of soup products meeting sodium reduction targets was examined by (i) soup category; (ii) FHD participant status; and (iii) manufacturer. A 6% reduction in sodium levels in soups overall was found from 2011 to 2014 (P = 0.002). Significant reductions were observed for FHD participants (P < 0.05 for all) but not for non-participants. In 2014, 67% dry soups and 76% of wet soups met national sodium reduction targets. Despite the majority of soup products meeting the sodium reduction targets specified by the FHD, re-evaluation of the targets may be required to further reduce sodium levels in soups. Manufacturers participating in the FHD are likely to be driving sodium reductions in the Australian soup market, further highlighting the need for continued government leadership in this area to ensure all manufacturers are actively involved in the process.

Toward Exosome-Based Therapeutics: Isolation, Heterogeneity, and Fit-for-Purpose Potency.

Exosomes are defined as submicron (30–150 nm), lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically generated by the late endosomal compartment through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Produced by almost all cells, exosomes were originally considered to represent just a mechanism for jettisoning unwanted cellular moieties. Although this may be a major function in most cells, evolution has recruited the endosomal membrane-sorting pathway to duties beyond mere garbage disposal, one of the most notable examples being its cooption by retroviruses for the generation of Trojan virions. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that certain cell types have evolved an exosome subclass active in intracellular communication. We term this EV subclass “signalosomes” and define them as exosomes that are produced by the “signaling” cells upon specific physiological or environmental cues and harbor cargo capable of modulating the programming of recipient cells. Our recent studies have established that signalosomes released by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent the main vector of MSC immunomodulation and therapeutic action in animal models of lung disease. The efficacy of MSC-exosome treatments in a number of preclinical models of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease supports the promise of application of exosome-based therapeutics across a wide range of pathologies within the near future. However, the full realization of exosome therapeutic potential has been hampered by the absence of standardization in EV isolation, and procedures for purification of signalosomes from the main exosome population. This is mainly due to immature methodologies for exosome isolation and characterization and our incomplete understanding of the specific characteristics and molecular composition of signalosomes. In addition, difficulties in defining metrics for potency of exosome preparations and the challenges of industrial scale-up and good manufacturing practice compliance have complicated smooth and timely transition to clinical development. In this manuscript, we focus on cell culture conditions, exosome harvesting, dosage, and exosome potency, providing some empirical guidance and perspectives on the challenges in bringing exosome-based therapies to clinic.

Clinical trial transparency: a reassessment of industry compliance with clinical trial registration and reporting requirements in the United States

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of a 2015 cross-sectional analysis published in the BMJ Open which reported that pharmaceutical industry compliance with clinical trial registration and results reporting requirements under US...

Do Nonprofits Encourage Environmental Compliance?

AbstractWhen states incompletely monitor or enforce, environmental nonprofits step in. We estimate the impact of these groups on industrial compliance with the Clean Water Act, as well as their eff...

Integrating invasive species policies across ornamental horticulture supply chains to prevent plant invasions

Abstract Ornamental horticulture is the primary pathway for invasive alien plant introductions. We critically appraise published evidence on the effectiveness of four policy instruments that tackle invasions along the horticulture supply chain: pre‐border import restrictions, post‐border bans, industry codes of conduct and consumer education. Effective pre‐border interventions rely on rigorous risk assessment and high industry compliance. Post‐border sales bans become progressively less effective when alien species become widespread in a region. A lack of independent performance evaluation and of public disclosure, limits the uptake and effectiveness of voluntary codes of conduct and discourages shifts in consumer preference away from invasive alien species. Policy implications. Closing the plant invasion pathway associated with ornamental horticulture requires government‐industry agreements to fund effective pre‐ and post‐border weed risk assessments that can be subsequently supported by widely adopted, as well as verifiable, industry codes of conduct. This will ensure producers and consumers make informed choices in the face of better targeted public education addressing plant invasions.

Transparent collaboration between industry and academia can serve unmet patient need and contribute to reproductive public health.

The pharmaceutical and device industry has greatly contributed to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in reproductive medicine in a very highly regulated environment, ensuring that development and manufacturing follow the highest standards. In spite of these achievements, collaboration between industry and physicians/academia is often presented in a negative context. However, today more than ever, partnership between industry and academia is needed to shorten the timeline between innovation and application, and to achieve faster access to better diagnostics, drugs and devices for the benefit of patients and society, based on complementary knowledge, skills and expertise. Such partnerships can include joined preclinical/clinical and post-marketing research and development, joint intellectual property, and joint revenue. In Europe, the transparency of this collaboration between pharmaceutical industry and medical doctors has been made possible by the Compliance and Disclosure Policy published by the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA), which represents the major pharmaceutical companies operating in Europe, and includes as members some but not all companies active in infertility and women's health. Under the EFPIA Disclosure Code of conduct, companies need to disclose transfers of value including amounts, activity type and the names of the recipient Health Care Professionals and Organizations. EFPIA member companies have also implemented very strict internal quality control processes and procedures in the design, statistical analysis, reporting, publication and communication of clinical research, according to Good Clinical Practice and other regulations, and are regularly inspected by competent authorities such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA) for all trials used in marketing authorization applications. The risk of scientific bias exists not only in the pharmaceutical industry but also in the academic world. When academics believe in a hypothesis, they may build their case by emphasizing the arguments supporting their case, and either refute, refuse, oppose or ignore arguments that challenge their assumptions. A possible solution to reduce this bias is international consensus on study design, data collection, statistical analysis and reporting of outcomes, especially in the area of personalized reproductive medicine, e.g. to demonstrate superiority or non-inferiority of personalized ovarian stimulation using biomarkers. Equally important is that declarations of interest are reported transparently and completely in scientific abstracts and publications, and that ghost authorship is replaced by proactive and clear co-authorship for experts from industry where such co-authorship is required based on the prevailing ICMJE criteria. In that context, however, reviewers should stop believing that publications by industry authors only, or by mixed groups of co-authors from industry and academia, are more prone to bias than papers from academic groups only. Instead, the scientific quality of the work should be the only relevant criterion for acceptance of papers or abstracts, regardless of the environment where the work was done. In the end, neutrality does not exist and different beliefs and biases exist within and between healthcare professionals and organizations and pharmaceutical industries. The challenge is to be transparent about this reality at all times, and to behave in an informed, balanced and ethical way as medical and scientific experts, taking into account compliance and legal regulations of both industry and academic employers, in the best interest of patients and society.

Market-driven automotive industry compliance with fuel economy and greenhouse gas standards: Analysis based on consumer choice

This study explored factors that affect market-driven compliance with both Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) standards (together called the National Program) in the United States for phase I 2012–2016 and phase II 2017–2025. We considered a consumer-choice-based simulation approach, using the MA3T model, to estimate the market acceptance of fuel efficiency (FE) technologies and alternative fuel technologies as reflected by new sales of light-duty vehicle (LDV). Because both full and extremely low FE valuations are common in the literature, we use a moderate assumption of a 10-year perceived vehicle lifetime at a 7% annual discount rate in the baseline and include both extreme views (5 years and 15 years) in the sensitivity analysis. The study focuses on market-driven compliance and therefore excludes manufacturers’ cross-subsidization. The model results suggest that the LDV industry is able to comply with both standards even without cross-subsidization and with projected high technology cost, mainly thanks to the multiple credit programs and technology advancements. The compliance robustness, while encouraging, however is based on moderate market assumptions, such as Annual Energy Outlook 2016 Reference oil price projection and moderate FE consumer valuation. Sensitivity analysis results reveal two significant risk factors for compliance: low oil prices and consumers’ FE undervaluation.

Shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh: Domestic regulatory responses and compliance with MEAs

The Bangladeshi shrimp industry brings substantial economic benefits to the Bangladesh economy, as well as significant, negative socio-economic and environmental externalities. Despite numerous domestic environmental protection laws on the shrimp industry, serious concerns regarding biodiversity and coastal protection remain as Bangladesh continues to promote a sustainable shrimp industry.These issues present several impediments to improved environmental outcomes, as well as to compliance with key multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) entered into by the Bangladeshi government. This article examines the key environmental legislation regulating the domestic shrimp industry, and analyzes the industry's compliance with MEA obligations. This article also recommends potential areas for domestic reform to improve compliance and to promote a sustainable shrimp industry for Bangladesh.

Smart ways to ensure a glitch-free live video streaming experience

Users today expect a live town hall streaming video session to offer the same viewing experience as an online soccer match. The reality, however, can be quite different. The inherent complexity of hosting a live video streaming session behind a corporate firewall with a single path to the internet is considerable. If the network is not architected properly, potential problems can multiply exponentially. Despite the well publicised streaming problems suffered by high-profile organisations, most companies neglect to optimise networks for live events. This paper examines the pain points that hinder an organisation's ability to provide a consistent, reliable and secure user experience, as well as common causes of failure, including: planning and assessment of network, audience, capacity and purpose; insight into best practices that detail what works and why; strategies for content recording, archiving and tracking; and aligning user needs with organisational, industry compliance requirements. Using quantifiable data, objective industry analysis, third-party expert commentary and real-world examples of failures and successes, the author makes the case for enterprise content management and distribution solutions. These platforms serve as a mechanism to manage networks and user experience on the day of the event, mitigate streaming lapses, as well as enable tracking and postevent archiving.