Compliance Enforcement Research Articles

Understanding compliance with smoke-free environments: a realist review

Abstract Background Local governments increasingly implement outdoor smoke-free environments to decrease adolescent smoking and denormalize smoking behavior. Recent research indicates that compliance with smoke-free outdoor spaces is often lacking. We examined compliance with outdoor smoke-free environments and examined the mechanisms that affect compliance in different contexts. Methods We performed a realist review, an exploratory approach that synthesizes existing evidence into a program theory that links elements of compliance with outdoor smoke-free environments with specific mechanisms and outcomes. A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO, resulting in 25 relevant English language articles. Preliminary results Our analysis showed that the kind of enforcement (voluntary or enforcement with sanction options etc.) influences smokers’ compliance. Additionally, how implementation of the smoke-free environment was done (with supporting signs, size of the environment, attention for smoking cessation etc.) also influenced smokers’ compliance. For instance, with the implementation of an outdoor smoke-free environment (context), smokers get used to non-smoking. They are reminded they can quit smoking at any time (mechanism), leading to more compliance (outcome). If however, their social environment continues smoking (context), they are more inclined to keep smoking (mechanism), which leads to less compliance (outcome). Conclusions Compliance of smokers with smoke-free outdoor environments is influenced by the type of enforcement and the type of outdoor smoke-free environment. These mechanisms are important to understand so that policymakers may consider smokers’ reactions and are better able to anticipate upon them. Key messages • Type of enforcement and type of implementation influence compliance with smoke-free outdoor environments. • This realist review helps policymakers consider smokers’ reactions while implementing smoke-free environments.

Moderating Effect of IFRS Compliance on the Relationship between Ownership Structure and Financial Reporting Quality

This study investigates the moderating effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the relationship between corporate governance, specifically ownership structure, and financial reporting quality in listed non-finance firms in Nigeria. Utilizing an ex-post facto research design, the study drew its data from 67 non-finance firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group over a ten-year period (2012-2021). The study employs purposive sampling and hierarchical regression analysis to explore the complex connection between IFRS adoption and ownership structures, revealing that IFRS plays a significant role in enhancing the quality of financial reporting. The findings indicate that while ownership concentration may weaken financial reporting quality in the absence of IFRS, the adoption of IFRS significantly moderates this effect, leading to improved transparency and reduced earnings manipulation. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence from a less developed market context, emphasizing the critical interaction between global accounting standards and corporate governance mechanisms. The study concludes that robust enforcement of IFRS compliance, combined with targeted capacity building for financial professionals, is essential to ensure high-quality financial reporting in Nigeria. Key implications include the need for enhanced regulatory oversight and collaboration between regulatory bodies and professional accounting organizations to foster consistent adherence to IFRS, thereby improving the reliability of financial statements and boosting investor confidence.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pennsylvania School Nurse Management of Student Immunization Requirements.

School nurses play a significant role in the coordination of school-entry immunization requirements across the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic changed the school landscape and introduced additional responsibilities to a school nurse's workload. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with n = 110 Pennsylvania school nurses to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-entry immunization compliance management. Qualitative and quantitative data indicated increased difficulty obtaining school-entry immunization data (n = 52) and reduced school-level enforcement of immunization compliance (n = 30). We also observed increases in the percentage of students enrolled with an immunization exemption in Kindergarten, 7th, and 12th grades between the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years. However, few respondents (15%) offered school-located immunization clinics (SLIC) for school-entry-required immunizations. While the benefits of SLICs are documented, the capacity required to execute recommended actions may be limited among school nurses-particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. School nurses may need additional support to address these gaps.

TariqAmn's Innovative Road Safety Paradigm through Smart Technology

In response to escalating road safety challenges within Algeria, marked by rising traffic volumes and urban development, the "TariqAmn Algeria" initiative emerges as a groundbreaking approach in traffic management. This study delineates the development and deployment of this innovative system, which leverages intelligent traffic signs, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging, using laser light to measure distances) radar, and proactive brake control technologies, embedded within a robust traffic management framework. The system's dynamic adaptation to real-time traffic conditions and its enforcement of speed compliance are central to its design. Rigorous evaluations through SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility, a traffic simulation software) simulations and field tests in high-risk urban settings affirm its efficacy, demonstrating a 60% reduction in traffic incidents and a 50% reduction in speeding violations. By marrying local cultural insights with cutting-edge technology, "TariqAmn Algeria" not only enhances immediate road safety but also establishes a new paradigm in traffic management systems. The findings illuminate the significant scalability potential of the system, promising broader applications in enhancing road safety and adherence to traffic regulations across various regions, such as densely populated urban areas, high-traffic corridors, and accident-prone black spots. This initiative underscores the critical role of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in modern road safety strategies and sets a precedent for future technological advancements in the field.

Over- and underreporting of prices: most hospitals are not compliant with the Hospital Price Transparency Rule.

Concern has been raised about the effectiveness of the Hospital Price Transparency Rule to facilitate a clear understanding of health care prices due to poor reporting by hospitals. However, the relationship between what services the hospital provides and what prices they report is not clear. We assessed reported prices in the Turquoise Health database and compared them at the hospital level with the CMS Provider of Services File to identify if a shoppable service was provided at a hospital. We found significant mismatch between the hospital prices being reported and the services being provided. For example, 56% of hospitals providing at least 1 shoppable service that requires public price reporting did not report any prices. Of hospitals reporting prices, most hospitals (66%) reported prices for only a portion of the services they provide. In addition, 12% of hospitals reported prices for services they do not provide. Only 6% of hospitals had complete concordance with price reporting and services they actually provide. Current compliance enforcement and penalties do not appear to be adequate to achieve the goals of the Hospital Price Transparency Rule.

Innovative strategies and forward thinking on China’s digital maritime law enforcement

In the digital era, the limitations of traditional maritime law enforcement models have become apparent. China actively promotes digital maritime law enforcement and has conducted thorough exploration across policy, technology, and legal domains. The primary legal foundation is the Coast Guard Law, bolstered by policy initiatives like the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”, the “Maritime Community with a Shared Future” strategy, and the “Technology Empowers the Marine” plan. By coupling law and technology, China’s digital maritime law enforcement has innovatively established a three-dimensional enforcement model of “online + offline” at sea. It utilizes artificial intelligence to assist in maritime law enforcement decision-making, employs big data sharing for collaborative maritime law enforcement, and advances maritime compliance enforcement by digital technology. Through case analysis and effectiveness assessment, China’s digital maritime law enforcement has yielded significant results. Nonetheless, it also encounters various challenges, including data privacy infringement, cybersecurity attacks, the legitimacy of digital evidence collection, and data sharing barriers. Therefore, at the institutional level, standardizing digital maritime law enforcement procedures and establishing both horizontal and vertical coordination mechanisms are imperative. At the technical level, introducing privacy protection technologies and increasing investment in network security technologies are necessary. At the conceptual level, China should adhere to data ethics principles and strengthen awareness of open data sharing. The future of the oceans is digital, and China should advance the modernization of national maritime governance through digital maritime law enforcement.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Customs Services in the Perspective of Law in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of customs services in Indonesia from a legal perspective, utilizing a normative juridical approach. It examines the regulatory framework governing customs operations, identifies implementation gaps, and assesses enforcement mechanisms. Key areas of focus include bureaucratic inefficiencies, transparency issues, technological integration, and compliance enforcement. The findings highlight significant challenges in the current customs service framework, such as lengthy procedures, corruption, and inadequate use of technology. Recommendations are proposed to streamline procedures, enhance transparency, invest in technology, strengthen enforcement, and adopt international best practices. These improvements are essential for aligning Indonesia's customs services with international standards and supporting economic growth through enhanced trade facilitation.

Global policy scan of commercial combustible tobacco product retailing regulations by WHO region

Background/aimsRegulatory schemes for tobacco retailing help restrict the supply and availability of smoked tobacco products. Tobacco retailer density and the proximity of tobacco outlets to youth spaces, such as schools,...

The Future of Coastal Navigation Safety in Egypt: Improving the Reliability of Electronic Charts

Abstract This paper investigates the integrity and reliability of electronic navigation charts (ENCs) used for maritime navigation along the Egyptian coast. Comprehensive assessments were conducted, focusing on critical stretches including the Suez Canal, Strait of Jubal, Aqaba Gulf entrance, and Hurghada Port access channels. The findings expose alarming accuracy gaps in these vital yet confined transit zones, with Category of Zone of Confidence (CATZOC) classification results indicating positional uncertainties exceeding five hundred meters. Such imprecision severely erodes navigational safety buffers for ships amidst intense traffic volumes. Meanwhile, proximity to delicate coral ecosystems and coastal communities raises the stakes for averting accidents. Responding to these urgent threats, promising initiatives are already underway between Egyptian agencies and international hydrographic bodies to systematically address ENC deficiencies through new surveys and data enhancements. Mandatory functionality checks, crew training, and compliance enforcement will also optimize the utilization of existing ECDIS installations. Sustained investments to upgrade this core informational infrastructure will help align the country's navigational framework with best practices for protecting life, property, and the environment. A multifaceted strategy tackling both human and technical dimensions across ships, ports, and shoreside administrators is essential for eliminating needless risk. Strengthening ENC integrity will provide Egyptian-flagged and visiting vessels with greater situational assurance when transiting confined waterways, while preventing devastating shipping accidents that could damage fragile marine ecosystems.

Estimating fisheries catch from space: Comparing catch estimates derived from AIS fishing effort with reported catches for Indian Ocean industrial fisheries

Indian Ocean Rim countries (IOR) rely on fisheries for socio-economic well-being and food security. Monitoring fisheries equipped with Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) enables the evaluation of fishing activities. However, only small fractions of large vessels use AIS, and increasingly vessels are avoiding or circumventing AIS use. We used Global Fishing Watch AIS fishing effort data for 2018–2020, combined with independently derived gear- and country-specific catch rates to estimate catch volumes by AIS equipped industrial vessels in the Indian Ocean. We compared these estimates to the catches reported by countries to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which represent global accountability. Results suggest that AIS-equipped industrial vessels caught an average of 400,000 t∙year−1, of which 57% was by Distant-Water Fishing (DWF) vessels from countries outside the region. Spain, France and South Korea had AIS derived catch estimates substantially lower than catches officially reported by these countries, suggesting these vessels may turn off AIS transponders to potentially elude detection either by authorities or for other operational reasons. In contrast, Taiwan and China had 6 and 4 times more AIS estimated catches than they reported to the FAO. This suggests that these countries may not meet their international reporting obligations. Underreporting fisheries catches undermines management efforts and contributes to the unsustainable use of marine resources. Our study revealed an important role AIS technology can play in estimating fishing activities in the Indian Ocean, despite its currently limited adoption and the increasing evasion tactics by some fleets. Discrepancies between AIS-derived catch estimates and officially reported data underline the challenges in fisheries monitoring and enforcement, and highlight the lack of compliance enforcement by many flag countries.

Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) di Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan dan Kesehatan Universitas Negeri Makassar

The implementation of the No Smoking Area is important in the campus environment because the campus is one of the places that should implement the No Smoking Area. In addition, the campus is a place of learning, where people in it are not only people who smoke, but there are also many passive smokers. Student smoking behavior that is carried out every day inside and outside the lecture hall causes the prevalence of cigarette smoke in the campus environment. With several reasons, there are many male students who smoke. This study aims to determine the implementation of the KTR policy by academics within the scope of the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Makassar State University. This research uses a qualitative study design with data collection methods in this study, namely interviews and participatory observation. The results of this study, namely the implementation of academics regarding communication, resources, bureaucratic structure, and disposition towards KTR policies in the FIKK UNM environment become an obstacle to the enforcement of policy compliance. The conclusion of the results of interviews with observations of research variables in the campus environment is not in line in its implementation. It is recommended to the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences UNM to increase compliance with KTR policies in the campus environment by increasing communication variables, disposition, resources and bureaucratic structures so that it will reduce the prevalence of smoking rates in the campus environment.

ALGORITHMIC GOVERNANCE IN THE REAL ESTATE AND TDR EXCHANGE OF INDIA: A STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

This paper presents a mathematical framework for algorithmic governance within the context of the Real Estate and Transferable Development Rights (TDR) Exchange of India, addressing the challenges of urban infrastructure development. The model incorporates key components such as dynamic pricing, compliance enforcement, and optimal resource allocation, which are designed to regulate TDR transactions efficiently, transparently, and sustainably. By developing a dynamic pricing mechanism that adapts to market demand, supply, compliance with regulations, and environmental sustainability factors, this framework ensures that TDRs are allocated to areas with the highest redevelopment potential.The framework integrates regulatory enforcement mechanisms that monitor adherence to urban planning regulations and impose dynamic penalties on non-compliance. The pricing model adjusts based on the demand-supply gap and local environmental constraints, encouraging sustainable urban growth. The paper also explores a multi-objective optimization approach to TDR allocation, ensuring that redevelopment potential is maximized while maintaining environmental thresholds. The proposed algorithmic model provides a scalable solution to urban infrastructure challenges, promoting balanced growth and sustainable resource utilization in Indian cities.

A blockchain‐based secure framework for data management

AbstractData management is a crucial requirement due to the autonomous and constrained nature of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Internet of Things (IoTs), and the aviation domain. The autonomous and restricted nature of these sectors increases the need for a shared, distributed database, strong access control management, consensus in autonomous decision‐making, and effective communication across diverse protocols and devices. This research presents a comprehensive approach and offers a new viewpoint to the field of blockchain while establishing a fundamental baseline for future improvements in data management systems and addressing the shortcomings of previously proposed existing frameworks in order to fulfill the complex needs of secure data management. This study contributes to the advancement of secure and efficient data management systems by implementing robust data monitoring for error detection, ensuring data integrity, and enabling encrypted or anonymous data sharing based on sensitivity levels. Additionally, the integration of diverse devices, enforcement of immutable regulations compliance, and development of permissioned blockchain systems for identity management further enhance the system's capabilities, offering comprehensive solutions for modern data management challenges. In the tests, the proposed framework showed increased successful transactions in all rate controllers. Besides, effect of the validator number on throughput and latency is tested and analyzed thoroughly.

The Impact of CSR on Supply Chain Management in Enterprises

Corporate social responsibility (csr) adoption is gaining increasing prominence as a strategic imperative for enterprises seeking to drive transparency, collaboration, and sustainability through their supply chains due to its perceived importance. This paper undertakes a qualitative analysis of peer-reviewed academic literature and industry reports to examine the linkages between measurable csr policies. This helps in deducing means for supply managers to control ethical sourcing, supplier codes of conduct, and social audits and resultant performance improvements across interconnected supply chain entities due to followership of acceptable socially conscious activities. Henceforth, the analysis provides a valid view that integrative csr priorities propagate positive transformations. The transformation refers to improved vendor relationships, logistics, and distribution networks. Those are achieved through enhancing climate resilience, reducing risks, and enabling cost efficiencies. The csr actions, however, need to be structured by mechanisms around supplier capability building, compliance enforcement, and monitoring systems, which are uncovered as vital framing elements allowing csr commitments. However, equitable integration frameworks across entities with varying maturity levels require additional investigation.

Centralized System for Monitoring Systems in Computer Laboratory

The Centralized Monitoring and Control System (CMCS) is a Python-based framework designed to streamline re- mote administration through a centralized server (Mother Node) and client scripts. This system enables efficient management and monitoring of multiple remote clients, facilitating tasks such as compliance enforcement, system monitoring, and file transfer. Key features include persistent client connectivity, cross plat- form compatibility with CentOS 7 and Debian 9, compliance enforcement based on CIS benchmarks, Splunk integration for centralized log monitoring, and real-time system metric monitoring. The project encourages community contributions to enhance functionality, ensuring adaptability to diverse user requirements. Installation involves cloning the repository and configuring the server script, while client deployment includes editing IP and port settings for seamless connectivity. CMCS offers a comprehensive solution for administrators seeking to optimize remote administration workflows and enhance system security across distributed computing environments.

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analyses of Eniong River Water and Sediment in Southern Nigeria

The diversity of bacteria in freshwater is influenced by some important physicochemical factors and autotrophic nutrients. Their diversity can be employed as a sensitive pollution indicator in the environment and change because bacteria respond quickly to changes in the ecosystem. Analysis of physicochemical and bacteriological quality of humic freshwater and sediment was carried out on samples from three (3) geo-referenced sections of Eniong River, AkwaIbom State designated ST3 (Upstream), ST2 (Midstream) and ST1 (Downstream) using standard analytical methods. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) standards. The study revealed that thesamples had a mean heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.95±0.41 log10 CFU/g and heavy pollution with faecal bacteria such as (4.31±2.51 log10CFU/g TCC and 5.19 ±0.33 log10CFU/g FCC), including mean counts of Staphylococcus spp (5.90±1.16log10CFU/g), Vibrio spp (.21±1.04 log10CFU/g), Salmonella-Shigella (3.15±0.33 log10CFU/g), and Actinomycetes (3.29±2.49 log10CFU/g) that considerably exceeded the recommended range of WHO/FMENV for portability. The most abundance bacteria in were Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus and Shigella spp (55.6%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella, Nocardia sp, Proteus sp., Staphylococcu sspp, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Enterococcus faecalis with a prevalence rate of 44.4%. The results showed the mean DO (7.67±0.037 mg/ml)), EC (85.07±0.52 μS/cm) and temperature (27.480C±0.049) of Eniong river water were within acceptable standard values while TSS (12.5 mg/ml) and TDS (19.0±1.30 mg/ml) values were not. Also, Pb, Cd, Vn, Ni and Cu recorded higher values while the concentrations of Fe2+, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were remarkably low in both water and sediment. The mean pH of the river and sediment were 6.48±0.018 and 6.42±0.019, respectively. Similarly, among the anionic surfactant, the mean values for nitrate, carbonate and sulphate were higher in sediment than in water, while carbonate was not detected in water. The findings imply that the quality of Eniong River water and sediment is heavily compromised. Therefore, the creation of awareness on the importance of water safety and hygiene, regular monitoring of drinking water quality and enforcement of compliance with the standards by regulatory agencies are recommended to eschew possible health hazards.

Safe plates in the school space: Investigating compliance of food safety standards among school-based food service providers

Enhancing food safety measures within School-Based Food Service Providers (SBFSPs) is essential to safeguarding the well-being of students and school staff against foodborne risks. This study aims to assess the compliance of SBFSPs in primary and secondary schools with documentation protocols related to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Hygiene Practices (GHP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), and the necessary operational permits. We conducted a descriptive-correlational study spanning from April 2020 to March 2022, involving 138 public and private elementary and high schools selected through proportional stratified sampling. Each school underwent an audit using standardized checklists for GMP, GHP, and HACCP. Descriptive statistics, Fleiss Kappa, and Pearson chi-square tests were employed for data analysis. The results indicate that the participating schools do not meet the documentation requirements for GMP/GHP (29.7%), HACCP (2.9%), and operational permits (55.1%). Additionally, the schools received a "Very Poor" rating in terms of food safety compliance, with weighted mean rating scores of 2.45 ± 0.73 (GMP/GHP), 0.09 ± 0.02 (HACCP), and 1.69 ± 0.40 (operational permits). Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between GMP/GHP and HACCP compliance and the characteristics of SBFSPs such as school kinds, types, places, and categories. The school GMP/GHP and HACCP compliance were also associated to the health permit of SBFSP personnel, authority to operate and manage school, and food handlers training. This study emphasizes the enforcement of compliance to food safety regulations, need to provide schools with adequate facilities and infrastructure, to promote a safe food production and consumption environment. It also underscores the importance of establishing partnerships for support and educating school personnel, especially those involved in food production and consumption, about GMP/GHP and HACCP principles to ensure the safety of meals for students, teachers, and other educational stakeholders. The need for certification of food handler in schools are of paramount importance, thereby advocating for increased food safety education.

Social perception on rainwater harvesting and wastewater reuse: Opportunities and challenges of a fast-growing township in Dhaka

Dhaka, the only megacity of Bangladesh is facing water stress due to unplanned urbanization and lack of sustainable water management practices. The two important components of Integrated Urban Water Management, i.e., rainwater harvesting (RWH) and wastewater reuse are hardly practiced in Dhaka. A new township is growing in Dhaka to meet the dwelling needs of middle-income groups with the opportunities to integrate both the systems. However, the integration is either missing or lacks considerations of sustainability. This study explores the perceptions of 256 respondents (beneficiary and functionary) to ascertain the opportunities and challenges of integration of RWH and wastewater of the growing township using structured questionnaires. The awareness, level of knowledge, willingness and key necessities have been explored through the questions. The general awareness level on RWH and wastewater reuse ranges between 30% - 62% and 34%- 42% respectively for different age groups. Around 70% of the respondents lack knowledge on regulatory aspects of its implementation. Apart from economic insights, the perception reveals around 64% willingness towards its integration for urban water demand management. Complete awareness generation, enforcement of compliance and streamlining the process of integration are the key imperatives to offset the non-adoption of both components.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning- the New Emerging Technology

With the emergence of new requirements & needs and ways to resolve these needs, nowadays software development has become the most demanding and powerful way to solve and satisfy the requirement of the customer and end user. Any requirement raised by the set of people from different domains and age groups, there are multiple ways to solve the purpose but nowadays software development has become the most powerful approach to solve the purpose. Additionally, software implementation has become the most effective way to satisfy the customer requirement. Basically, software development is a defined and structured method that starts with a set of requirements or some problem statement. Once the requirement is finalized then in the next phase the approach is defined to solve the requirement which is followed by code development considering the fact that it is the most suitable approach to solve the purpose. Also, this software had the capacity to solve or change the traditional mechanism of working. For example, around 10-15 years back, the BFSI sector was working with the help of pen and paper. All records were kept on some paper or registered with lots of problem statements like maintenance of documents, extra delay in processing, and flexibility of using own account money at some other location. Additionally, these bankers were not able to do any analysis or tend analysis for the available set of data which was available with the available data set. In addition to trend analysis, these people were not able to do the projection analysis finally resulting in the loss of business opportunity which was possible with the help of trend analysis. Implementation of software that could automate the activity was able to solve the initial problem statement with the help of projection and trend analysis attracting the business opportunity. The people were able to maintain track of each customer and region accordingly. Also, timely action on these data and corrective action was possible. Still, the missing part was the processing of a large dataset and extracting meaningful information from the available dataset. Also, they were not able to do a trend analysis for the market. In order to resolve the above-said problem statement Artificial Intelligence was introduced which is also known as AI which has the capacity to process larger datasets and is able to extract information that is accurate and correct in nature. Additionally, with the help of AI, the researchers were able to do the sentiment analysis of the market through which they were able to do the corrective action as per the requirement. Additionally, AI help in fraud detection, compliance enforcement, and other help in the most cost-effective manner and in very less time.

E-scooter-related orthopedic injuries and the treatments applied: are these scooters a new means of transportation or a new source of trauma?

IntroductionE-scooters have become increasingly popular in Turkey due to easy accessibility. In parallel with this, the number of e-scooter-related injuries has increased gradually. The aim of this study was to determine the types of e-scooter-related orthopedic injuries, to evaluate hospitalization and surgical treatments, and to investigate the loss of work of patients and the burden incurred by the healthcare system.Materials and methodsThis retrospective multicentre study included all orthopaedic referrals, who were admitted to two major trauma departments in Diyarbakır from January 2022 to July 2022. Patient data were analyzed, including demographic characteristics, injury pattern, types of injury and subsequent treatment.ResultsIn a total of 62 patients, 105 orthopaedic injuries were identified, comprising 72.5% males and 27.5% females, with a median age of 34.21 years. Fifty-six (90.3%) patients were riders, and six were pedestrians. All associated e-scooters were rented. There were 44 fractures (41.9% of the total recorded injuries) including 8 (12.9%) open fractures. Surgery was required by 32 patients (51.6%) and 35 (56.4%) required hospital admission leading to hospitalization of 3.7 days on average. The average job loss of working patients after injury was determined as 2.4 months. Helmet use was detected in 6.4% of the e-scooter users, but no other protective equipment was detected in any of the patients. Furthermore, 19,3% of the patients had a blood alcohol level of > 10 mg/dl.ConclusionsThe injuries that may result from an e-scooter accident can have long-term hospitalization and long-term job loss in the community. This imposes a significant financial burden on the national healthcare system and adversely affects public health. There is a need for precautions to be implemented such as infrastructure organisation, increased awareness of motor vehicle riders and e-scooter riders, and increased enforcement of rule compliance including not using e scooters after alcohol consumption and the use of protective equipment.