Complex Sample Logistic Regression Research Articles

Prevalence of inadequate HIV knowledge and its associated factors among the Malaysia general population: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2020

BackgroundInadequate knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is underscored as a key factor contributing to the HIV epidemic. Nonetheless, current data on HIV knowledge in Malaysia are still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of inadequate HIV knowledge and its associated factors among the general Malaysian population.MethodThe study utilized data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional survey employing a two-stage stratified random sampling technique to ensure national representativeness. HIV knowledge was assessed using the UNGASS indicators questionnaire, which comprises five questions on HIV prevention and transmission. The data were collected using the computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) method. Respondents who did not correctly answer all five questions were considered to have inadequate knowledge about HIV. Descriptive analysis and complex sample logistic regression were performed using SPSS version 28.0.ResultsThe survey identified 5,561 eligible respondents, leading to the participation of 3,187 individuals in the second phase of the study, which resulted in a response rate of 57.3%. Our study revealed an overall prevalence of inadequate HIV knowledge at 77.4%, with adolescents aged 13–19 exhibiting the highest prevalence at 86.1%. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents with no formal education (aOR 4.34, 95% CI: 0.65, 29.08) were over four times more likely to lack HIV knowledge. Additionally, respondents with only secondary education had an increased risk of 1.79 times. Individuals residing in rural areas were significantly more likely to have inadequate HIV-related knowledge. Furthermore, respondents who worked as unpaid workers, homemakers, or caregivers (aOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.82) showed a higher likelihood of lacking HIV knowledge.ConclusionThree out of four individuals in the general Malaysian population were found to lack sufficient knowledge about HIV. This underscores the need for targeted interventions in HIV education, particularly in rural areas and among populations with lower educational attainment. Additionally, digital platforms and youth-focused campaigns could be especially effective for reaching adolescents. Policymakers must prioritize inclusive, accessible HIV prevention strategies to address these gaps and reduce transmission rates.

Comparative treatment of homeless persons with an infectious disease in the US emergency department setting: a retrospective approach

BackgroundResearch has long documented the increased emergency department usage by persons who are homeless compared with their housed counterparts, as well as an increased prevalence of infectious diseases. However, there...

중년여성의 대사증후군과 폐경연령의 관계

Purpose: This study was attempted to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the age of menopause in middle-aged Korean women using data from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Ⅸ-1, 2022). Method: The number of subjects was 1,337, and complex sample frequency, descriptive statistics, cross and logistic regression analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in subjects who adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics simultaneously did not show a significant relationship with menopausal age. Early menopause was significantly lower by 0.30 times in high school graduates and 0.28 times lower in those with low fasting blood sugar levels, and significantly increased by 6.75 times, 4.44 times, and 2.72 times in low, middle, and non-single-person households, respectively. Late menopause was found to significantly increase 2.28 times in those with an education level of elementary school or less, 4.93 times in those with low income level, 3.85 times in those with middle income, and 2.87 times in those without binge drinking. Conclusion: Interventions that takes into account those with low levels of education or income should be prepared to prevent premature or late menopause. To manage early menopause, fasting blood sugar levels must be managed and family and social attention must be maintained for middle-aged women. To manage late menopause, personal practice of maintaining appropriate drinking habits is necessary.

Individual and community-level factors associated with repeat induced abortion among women in Ghana: a multivariable complex sample logistic regression analysis of 2017 Ghana maternal health survey

BackgroundRepeat induced abortion is a serious public health issue that has been linked to adverse maternal health outcomes. However, knowledge about repeat induced abortion and its associated factors among reproductive age women in Ghana is very scarce. The objective of this study is to examine individual and community factors associated with repeat induced abortion in Ghana which would be helpful to design appropriate programmes and policies targeted at improving the sexual and reproductive health of women.MethodsWe used secondary cross-sectional data from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey. The study included a weighted sample of 4917 women aged 15–49 years with a history of induced abortion. A multivariable complex sample logistic regression analysis was used to investigate individual and community factors associated with repeat induced abortion among women in Ghana. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to measure the association of variables.ResultsOf the 4917 reproductive women with a history of abortion, 34.7% have repeat induced abortion. We find that, compared to women who experience single induced abortion, women who experience repeat abortion are age 25–34 years (AOR:2.16;95%CI = 1.66–2.79) or 35–49 years (AOR:2.95;95%CI:2.18–3.99), have Middle/JHS education (AOR:1.69;95%CI = 1.25–12.27), use contraceptive at the time of conception (AOR:1.48: 95%CI = 1.03–2.14), had sexual debut before 18 years (AOR:1.57; 95%CI: 1.33–1.85) and reside in urban areas (AOR:1.29;95%CI = 1.07–1.57). On the other hand, women who reside in Central (AOR:0.68;95%CI: 0.49–0.93), Northern (AOR:0.46;95%CI:0.24–0.88), Upper West (AOR:0.24; 95%CI: 0.12–0.50) and Upper East (AOR:0.49; 95%CI = 0.24–0.99) regions were less likely to have repeat induced abortion.ConclusionThe study showed that both individual and community level determinants were significantly associated with repeat induced abortion. Based on the findings, it is recommended to promote sexual and reproductive health education and more emphasis should be given to adult, those with early sexual debut, those with Middle/JHS education and those who live in urban centers.

Association of resistance training and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with clinical outcomes in men with airflow limitation: a nationwide population-based study

Aerobic moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is recommended for individuals with chronic diseases. However, the association between resistance training (RT) in addition to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration, as well as respiratory symptoms, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been thoroughly investigated. This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2014 and 2019. A total of 61,754 individuals were identified and men with airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC < 0.7) who engaged in aerobic MVPA were selected (n = 794). Weighted percentages and odds ratio (OR) of sleep problems (≤ 5 or ≥ 9 h), chronic cough, and chronic sputum were estimated. A multivariate-adjusted complex sample logistic regression model was used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted using the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) % of the predicted value (%pred) ≥ 80 vs. < 80. The percentages of sleep problems, chronic cough, and chronic sputum production were lower in men who underwent aerobic MVPA + RT than in those who underwent aerobic MVPA alone. The multivariable-adjusted OR of sleep problems was 0.44 (95% CI 0.25–0.77) in individuals undergoing aerobic MVPA + RT compared to aerobic MVPA alone. The ORs of chronic cough and sputum were 0.35 (95% CI 0.13–0.94) and 0.51 (95% CI 0.30–0.87), respectively. These associations were only significant in individuals with FEV1 < 80% pred. Compared with aerobic MVPA alone, aerobic MVPA + RT was associated with appropriate sleep duration and a decrease in chronic cough and sputum in male with airflow limitation. This was more pronounced in individuals with a FEV1 < 80% pred.

우울감 노인의 정신상담 이용행태 및 영향요인 연구

Objectives This study aims to validate the influencing factors of psychological counseling utilization in elderly individuals with depression based on the Andersen Behavioral Model, which consists of predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors, and to provide foundational data for promoting the utilization of psychological counseling.&#x0D; Methods Using data from the 2021 Community Health Survey, we conducted complex sample cross-tabulation, univariate logistic regression analysis, and complex sample logistic regression analysis through the SPSS 20 program to identify the factors influencing the utilization of psychological counseling among 5,859 elderly individuals aged 65 and older who experienced depression.&#x0D; Results Predisposing factors included being female, younger age, higher education level, and being separated, divorced, or widowed. Enabling factors included not having unmet medical needs. Need factors included having poor subjective health status and perceiving stress, which were associated with higher utilization of psychological counseling.&#x0D; Conclusions This suggests the need for the development of strategies to promote the utilization of psychological counseling for elderly individuals with depression, with particular emphasis on prioritizing older age, lower education levels, and those with unmet medical needs.&#x0D;

Examining the association of breakfast skipping with sleep disturbance, mental health, and health-related quality of life: data from the 2018 Korean community health survey

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between breakfast skipping and its effects on sleep disorders, mental health, and health-related quality of life among Korean adults. Methods: Utilizing data from the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey, this cross-sectional analysis included 173,272 adults aged 19 years and older. Instruments used for assessment included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, the EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D) for health-related quality of life, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep disorders. The complex sample logistic regression analysis was employed to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Breakfast skipping was found to be significantly associated with delayed mid-sleep time, an increased propensity for daytime sleepiness, and a notable decline in sleep quality. Additionally, it was linked to a significant increase in depression risk, compromised health-related quality of life, and elevated stress levels across both genders. All five dimensions of the EQ-5D were negatively impacted by breakfast skipping. Discussion: The findings highlight the detrimental effects of skipping breakfast on sleep patterns, mental health, and overall quality of life, stressing the importance of regular breakfast consumption for enhancing these health outcomes. The study suggests the need for further research to uncover the mechanisms behind these associations and to devise targeted interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of breakfast skipping.

Current Status and Associated Factors of Emotional Distress Due to COVID-19 Among People with Physical Disabilities Living in the Community: Secondary Data Analysis using the 2020 National Survey of Disabled Persons

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the current situation and factors associated with emotional distress due to COVID-19 among people with physical disabilities living in the community, using a Social-Ecological Model.Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed using data from the 2020 National Survey of Disabled Persons. The study participants were 1,654 participants aged 19 years or older with physical disabilities. For data analysis, complex sample logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with emotional distress due to COVID-19 in people with physical disabilities.Results: The results showed that 55.7% of people with physical disabilities living in the community experienced emotional distress due to COVID-19. This emotional distress was influenced by various factors, including intrapersonal factors (activities of daily living, difficulty in getting information about COVID-19, difficulty in obtaining and using equipment related to COVID-19), interpersonal factors (satisfaction with the number of friends), and community/policy factor (support related to COVID-19 from national and local governments).Conclusion: It is recommended to develop tailored interventions to prevent mental health issues among people with physical disabilities by considering the factors related to their emotional distress in the event of future infectious disease disasters.

Factors associated with high-risk drinking among men in Korea: a secondary analysis

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors associated with high-risk drinking in Korean men. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VIII-2), 2020. Data were downloaded from the KNHANES website. The subjects of this study were 1,653 alcohol-drinking men between 19 and 65 years of age. Data were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test and complex sample logistic regression statistics. Results: The high-risk drinking rate among alcohol-drinking men was 27.1%. High-risk drinking was more common in men who smoked (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, p &lt; .001), men with a middle school education or lower (OR = 1.91, p = .016), men who lived with a spouse (OR = 1.61, p = .025), men who slept less than 6 hours on weekends (OR = 1.51, p = .016), and men who perceived stress (OR = 1.30, p = .044), while it was lower in men who were underweight (OR = 0.19, p = .006). Conclusion: To reduce the rate of high-risk drinking, it is necessary to provide an intervention that considers factors associated with high-risk drinking among men. In particular, smoking was the most important factor associated with high-risk drinking, implying that the integrated management of drinking and smoking is necessary to reduce high-risk drinking.

Internet use and difficulties in acquiring health resources among older adults with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe various restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may have worsened the digital divide and health inequality. However, research to ascertain the association between Internet use and difficulties in acquiring health resources among older adults with disabilities is scarce. This study aimed to explore the relationship between Internet use and difficulties in acquiring health resources among older adults with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the associated factors by disability severity.MethodsData from the 2020 survey of people with disabilities in South Korea were used. This secondary analysis study included 4,871 older adults aged 55 and above among 7,025 total responders. Complex sample logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between Internet use and difficulties in acquiring health resources during the pandemic.ResultsOnly 23.66% of older adults with disabilities used the Internet. Internet non-users were more likely to experience difficulties in obtaining health resources than Internet users. The relationship between Internet non-use and difficulties in acquiring COVID-19-related information (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.28–1.92) and buying and using personal protective equipment (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11–1.65) were statistically significant in the overall sample. Whereas, difficulties with using medical services were not statistically significantly associated with Internet use. Additionally, factors associated with difficulties in acquiring health resources differed by disability severity.ConclusionsConsidering that older adults with disabilities experience triple the burden amid COVID-19 due to old age, disabilities, and the digital divide, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and engineers should aim to narrow the gaps between Internet users and Internet non-users among this population. Narrowing the gaps will make decreasing health gaps and increasing well-being among older adults with disabilities more attainable.

먹방시청 정도에 따른 청소년의 건강행태와 정신건강

Objectives This research seeks to investigate the health behaviors and mental health of adolescents in relation to their level of engagement in mukbang(eating show) watching. The objective is to offer fundamental data for the improvement of adolescent health behaviors and mental health.&#x0D; Methods This secondary analysis study utilized raw data obtained from the 18th Annual Youth Health Behavior Survey of 2022. The analysis involved using the SPSS/WIN 20 program to conduct complex sample frequency analysis, complex sample cross-tabulation, and complex sample logistic regression.&#x0D; Results First, daily viewership of mukbang was observed among female students attending girls' schools, as well as adolescents with lower academic performance, lower economic status, and parents with lower educational levels. Second, in terms of dietary habits, adolescents who did not watch mukbang at all had a higher intake of breakfast(1.48 times) and fruits(1.38 times) compared to those who watched it every day. Furthermore, they con-sumed fewer sweetened beverages(0.73 times), fast food(0.66 times), and late-night snacks(0.71 times). Third, in terms of physical activity, adolescents who watched mukbang occasionally engaged in higher levels of high-in-tensity physical activity(1.10 times), moderate-intensity physical activity(1.21 times), and walks lasting 10 mi-nutes or more(1.39 times) compared to those who watched it daily. Fourth, in terms of mental health, adolescents who never watched mukbang exhibited lower levels of loneliness(0.59 times), stress(0.64 times), feelings of sad-ness and despair(0.51 times), suicidal ideation(0.64 times), suicide planning(0.60 times), and suicide at-tempts(0.50 times) compared to those who watched it daily.&#x0D; Conclusions The effects on the health behaviors and mental health of adolescents appear to vary based on the levels of mukbang watching. Consequently, it is essential to develop and implement phased mukbang media edu-cation programs and parental intervention programs.

학업을 중단한 한국 청소년의 건강상태와 건강행위 특성

The purpose of this study is to identify the health status and health behavior characteristics of Korean adolescents who have dropped out of school in order to maintain and improve their health. Using data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021), a total of 1,097 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old, excluding those attending elementary school and 2/3-year college or higher, are eligible in terms of education level. Among these, 53 people who responded that they did not continue their studies after graduation or dropped out were subject to discontinuation of studies. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify characteristics associated with dropping out of school. As a result,, adolescents who dropped out of school were more likely to have not received necessary medical services in the past year compared to adolescents who continued their education (OR: 6.77, 95% CI: 1.84-24.93, p = .004). Additionally, they were more likely to have consumed alcohol in the past year (OR: 3.02; 95% CI: 1.00-9.08, p = .050) and to engage in physical activity less than three times a week (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.44- 9.89, p = .007). These research results mean that the health status and health behavior of adolescents who have dropped out of school are more vulnerable, and it is recommended that they receive necessary medical services and provide education and prevention and management programs to prevent drinking and promote physical activity. It indicates that it is required.

Factors related to scaling experience among Korean youth according to their family background: the 18th Youth Health Behavior Survey (KYRBS)

Objectives: To investigate factors related to scaling between Korean and multicultural families using data from the 18th Youth Health Behavior Survey (KYRBS), 38,320 Korean adolescents were selected as subjects. Methods: A complex sample crossanalysis was conducted on general characteristics and oral health characteristics using the IBM SPSS program. Factors related to adolescent scaling were analyzed using complex sample logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared to Korean families, adolescents from multicultural families had 0.50 times less scaling experience within 12 months. Learning achievement was 1.30 times higher in high compared to low, indicating that scaling experience was high. In terms of economic status, scaling experience was found to be high at 1.50 times in high compared to low. Non-smoking adolescents had 1.26 times higher scaling experience. It was found that adolescents who do not use dental floss and interdental brushes have 0.71 and 0.55 times less scaling experience, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the above results, there is a need to increase adolescents awareness of oral health and motivate them to manage their own oral care. There is a need to provide opportunities to participate in various oral health education programs and to deepen continuous oral health education on oral disease prevention.

Association of dietary behaviour and depression among adolescents in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDepression is on the rise and has become a significant concern for public health. Limited research has explored the connection between dietary patterns and depression. This investigation aimed to examine how dietary behaviours relate to depression among adolescents attending school in Malaysia.MethodsThe study utilized data from the National School-Based Health Survey 2022, a nationwide survey involving school-going adolescents aged 13–17, with a total of 33,523 participants from 239 schools. To assess depression, the study employed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), considering a score of 10 or higher as indicative of depression. Dietary behaviours were assessed using a validated self-administered questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's Global School-based Student Health Survey. Descriptive analysis and complex sample logistic regression were carried out using SPSS version 26.0.ResultsThe study revealed a 26.9% overall prevalence of depression, with higher risks among female adolescents (AOR 2.71, 95% CI 2.51, 2.92) and those in higher grades. Malays (AOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.41, 2.07), Other Bumiputeras (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.32, 2.17), and Others (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16, 2.30) had elevated odds of depression compared to Indians. Healthy dietary habits, like consuming less than two servings of fruits daily, correlated with depression (AOR 1.44 95% CI 1.35, 1.54). Additionally, unhealthy dietary behaviours such as fast food consumption (AOR 1.73 [95% CI 1.55, 1.93]) and carbonated soft drink intake (AOR 1.59 [95% CI 1.48, 1.70]) were positively associated with depression.ConclusionsOne out of every four Malaysian adolescents was identified to experience depression. Depression was linked to several factors, such as being female, belonging to higher grade levels, identifying as Malays, Other Bumiputeras, or belonging to other ethnicities, and participating in the consumption of fast food, carbonated soft drinks, and fruits. To address these observations, it is crucial to formulate effective public health programmes that prioritize adolescent mental health and encourage the adoption of healthy eating habits.

Factors Related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea According to Age: A Descriptive Study

This descriptive study aimed to identify the factors influencing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by age between middle-aged and elderly people. These groups have not been evaluated separately until now. This study is a secondary analysis of data from the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021. Of the 3942 participants with OSA in this study, 2397 were middle-aged and 1545 were elderly, and 2509 had low risk and 1433 had moderate–high risk. Age-specific factors related to their OSA were identified using complex sample logistic regression. Factors associated with OSA in middle-aged individuals included the number of household members, smoking, subjective health, and subjective body image. Smoking and subjective health were significantly related to OSA in elderly people. Not smoking was 0.23 times less likely than smoking to be associated with OSA, and 0.3 times less likely when participants were healthy than when unhealthy. Hence, influencing factors differed depending on the age of individuals with OSA. Therefore, to develop public health measures, it may be more effective to establish intervention strategies to improve symptoms and prevent complications in middle-aged and elderly patients with OSA by distinguishing and applying influential age-specific factors.

Factors Related to Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents According to Types of Stress.

We aimed to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation by classifying adolescents into three groups: no stress, interpersonal stress, as well as academic and career stress. Using the data from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2020), 15,343 adolescents were included in the study, and their socio-demographic characteristics as well as physical and psychological factors were assessed. A complex sample logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with suicide. The following factors were significantly associated with suicide: fatigue recovery by sleep, body mass index, physical activity, and depression in the no stress group; current school, academic grade, drinking, depression, loneliness, and anxiety in the interpersonal stress group; and gender, current school, academic grade, father's educational level, drinking, fatigue recovery by sleep, depression, loneliness, subjective health, smartphone overdependence, as well as anxiety in the academic and career stress group (P < 0.05). To prevent suicide among adolescents, it is necessary to consider these factors when developing educational policies.

Factors associated with home death in South Korea: Using the exit data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, 2008-2018.

Even though home deaths have been reported to improve quality of life, satisfy patients and families, and reduce healthcare expenditures, not enough is known about the factors that influence home deaths in Korea. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with home deaths among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea. This secondary data analysis used core interview and exit interview data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging conducted between 2008 and 2018. The deceased included adults over the age of 45 years. The exit data were obtained from interviews with family members or other acquaintances known to the deceased every two years since 2008. Complex-sample logistic regression was conducted using 1,565 middle-aged and older deceased adults. Among 1,565 decedents, the average age at the time of death was 80.67±10.69 in the home death group, and 78.72±9.83 in the non-home death group. The proportion of home-related deaths was 26.4%. Age over 81 years was associated with increased odds of home death, whereas having two or more living children, living in town/small city, paid medical expenses by children/grandchildren and their spouses, expected death, death from disease, and having three or more chronic diseases were associated with decreased odds of home death. An increase in activities of daily living during three months before death was associated with a decrease in home death. The findings could help healthcare professionals develop tailored interventions to help people die at their preferred place of death based on family characteristics and healthcare accessibility. Age, residential area, number of children and children's financial support, and illness-related factors influenced home death by creating differences in access to healthcare resources and support. Policymakers should decrease healthcare disparities and improve health resource allocation and home-based care.

Relationships of neck circumference and abdominal obesity with insulin resistance considering relative handgrip strength in middle-aged and older individuals

PurposeThis cross-sectional study evaluated how neck circumference (NC) influences the association between abdominal obesity (AO) and insulin resistance (IR) while considering relative handgrip strength (RHGS) in middle-aged and older people. MethodsUsing data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 3804 Korean adults aged 40–80 years, AO (waist circumference [WC] ≥90 cm for men, ≥85 cm for women), large NC (sex-specific highest 5th quintile), weak RHGS (sex-specific 1st quintile of HGS/body mass index), and IR (homeostasis model assessment of IR [HOMA-IR] ≥2.5) were defined. A complex sample general linear model and logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for confounding factors. ResultsAs NC increased, the relationship between WC and HOMA-IR increased (p for interaction <0.001). In the group with AO, large NC, or both, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for IR increased in the group with weak RHGS than in the group with normal RHGS. In the group with normal NC, the AOR for IR in those with AO (vs. those without AO) was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.6–4.3) even after controlling for RHGS; however, the AOR was 5.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.7–10.4) in the group with large NC. These relationships of WC, NC, and RHGS with IR were comparable across sex and age groups. ConclusionsLarge NC increased the association between AO and IR independent of RHGS and the relationships between large NC and AO and insulin resistance varied according to RHGS.

Effects of sitting time and smoking on perceived stress in adults under 65 years of age

Purpose: Sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress strongly influence physical health independent of physical activity. However, the associations among perceived stress, sedentary behavior, and smoking are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the relationships between sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress in Korean adults aged &lt; 65 years.Methods: We analyzed data from the seventh National Health and Nutrition Survey. In this cross-sectional study, data from 6,890 Korean adults aged &lt; 65 years were analyzed. Complex-sample logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between sitting time, smoking, and perceived stress. Results: The group with a high sitting time (≥ 8 h/day) and those who smoked had significantly higher odds of experiencing stress than the low sitting time (&lt; 8 h/day) and non-smoking groups (odds ratio: 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.42-2.50).Conclusion: Perceived stress was positively correlated with current smoking status and increased sitting time. High sitting time (≥ 8 h/day) and current smoking were associated with a higher risk of perceived stress in Korean adults aged &lt; 65 years.

The association mental health of adolescents with economic impact during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2020 Korean nationally representative survey

BackgroundCOVID-19 has affected innumerable aspects of life, including education, economy, and religion. Economic problems and inequality are associated with poor mental health in adolescents. This study aimed to identify the relationship between economic damage to families due to COVID-19 and various mental health problems in Korean adolescents and to evaluate the risk factors of mental health.MethodsIn total, 54,948 Korean adolescent students from 398 middle and 395 high schools were surveyed between August and November 2020. Complex sample logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for depression and suicidal ideation, respectively. A generalized linear model analysis was used to examine the association between mental health (unhappiness, loneliness, and stress) and the economic impact of COVID-19. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, school grade, perceived academic achievement, perceived family economic status, and economic support.ResultsThe ORs of depression (OR = 1.77, 95% CI:1.57–2.00), suicidal ideation (OR = 2.14, 95% CI:1.84–2.50), unhappiness (OR = 1.51 95% CI 1.42–1.60) and lonely (OR = 1.38 95% CI 1.27–1.49) for the low level of perceived family economic status was higher compared to middle level. Adolescents who experienced economic deterioration in their households as COVID-19 showed a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.42, 95% CI:1.35–1.49), suicide ideation (OR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.28–1.44), unhappiness (OR = 2.23 95% CI 2.19–2.27), lonely (OR = 1.20 95% CI 1.17–1.22), and stress (OR = 1.14 95% CI 1.12–1.16) than those who did not.ConclusionsThe findings revealed an association between the decline in household economic status due to COVID-19 and mental health problems, such as stress, loneliness, suicidal ideation, depression, and unhappiness.