Complex Integration Research Articles

MMFP-Tableau: enabling precision mitochondrial medicine through integration, visualization, and analytics of clinical and research health system electronic data.

To describe a novel data integration workflow developed to automate clinical and research electronic health system data integration and harmonization from siloed sources for centralized access, visualization and analysis by clinicians and researchers in an end user-friendly customized analytic platform. A centralized, semi-automated framework provides data provenance and user access to integrated data sources. Data models are implemented leveraging a centralized server (Alteryx) for high-level analytics including scheduling, integration, and modeling. Data are then sent to a secure Tableau instance for end-user visualization and interaction, with minimal software development required. MMFP-Tableau, named for its origin in the Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (MMFP) at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), has advanced efforts to realize precision medicine by facilitating expert clinician and researcher end-user direct access to integrated, highly robust health system datasets. This scalable data solution enables translational researchers to link subject and cohort clinical and research parameters with research samples; enhances external biopharma collaborations for clinical trial design, subject recruitment, and data tracking; accelerates retrospective clinical cohort data analysis; and improves complex data visualization for clinicians and researchers. MMFP-Tableau promotes complex data integration, visibility, and advanced analytic capabilities to facilitate seamless multidisciplinary research, benefitting clinical care and research in rare disease patients and cohorts. The MMFP-Tableau data platform integrates multiple data sources across various siloed data platforms to transform complex data into readily accessible datasets. This approach represents a generalizable workflow concept readily adaptable to implement across diverse fields of medicine.

AAT4IRS: automated acceptance testing for industrial robotic systems.

Industrial robotic systems (IRS) consist of industrial robots that automate industrial processes. They accurately perform repetitive tasks, replacing or assisting with dangerous jobs like assembly in the automotive and chemical industries. Failures in these systems can be catastrophic, so it is important to ensure their quality and safety before using them. One way to do this is by applying a software testing process to find faults before they become failures. However, software testing in industrial robotic systems has some challenges. These include differences in perspectives on software testing from people with diverse backgrounds, coordinating and collaborating with diverse teams, and performing software testing within the complex integration inherent in industrial environments. In traditional systems, a well-known development process uses simple, structured sentences in English to facilitate communication between project team members and business stakeholders. This process is called behavior-driven development (BDD), and one of its pillars is the use of templates to write user stories, scenarios, and automated acceptance tests. We propose a software testing (ST) approach called automated acceptance testing for industrial robotic systems (AAT4IRS) that uses natural language to write the features and scenarios to be tested. We evaluated our ST approach through a proof-of-concept, performing a pick-and-place process and applying mutation testing to measure its effectiveness. The results show that the test suites implemented using AAT4IRS were highly effective, with 79% of the generated mutants detected, thus instilling confidence in the robustness of our approach.

Use of Standard Operating Procedures for Supporting Cross-Organizational Emergency Management: Challenges and Opportunities Identified from a Tabletop Exercise

This study investigated the crucial role of formulating and applying standard operating procedures (SOPs) in the context of emergency planning and response. The effective application of SOPs during operations is essential in order to address challenges that surpass individual organizational capacities. A specific focus on fostering efficient information sharing and executing specified actions maximizes the prospect of success. To explore the collective functionality of SOPs across organizations, we conducted a comprehensive tabletop exercise involving 10 organizations spanning tactical, operational, and strategic levels. Our analysis identified six key challenges, primarily related to the structures for information sharing, communication pathways, and the complex integration and application of common SOPs within these diverse organizational contexts. This research contributes insights into the use of SOPs in large-scale, cross-organizational scenarios.

Efficacy and safety of laminoplasty combined with C3 laminectomy for patients with multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Laminoplasty (LP) combined with C3 laminectomy (LN) can effectively achieve spinal cord decompression while maintaining the integrity of the posterior ligament-muscle complex, thereby minimizing cervical muscle damage. However, its necessity and safety remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of LP and LP combined with C3 LN in the treatment of patients with multilevel degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy (DCM). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception through December 2023 and updated in February 2024. Search terms included laminoplasty, laminectomy, C3 and degenerative cervical spondylosis. The literature search yielded 14 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Outcomes included radiographic results, neck pain, neurologic function, surgical parameters, and postoperative complications. We also assessed methodologic quality, publication bias, and quality of evidence. Fourteen studies were identified, including 590 patients who underwent LP combined with C3 LN (modified group, MG) compared to 669 patients who underwent LP (traditional group, TG). The results of the study indicated a statistically significant improvement in cervical range of motion (WMD = 3.62, 95% CI: 0.39 to 6.85) and cervical sagittal angle (WMD = 2.07, 95% CI: 0.40 to 3.74) in the MG compared to the TG at the last follow-up (very low-level evidence). The TG had a higher number of patients with complications, especially C2-3 bone fusion. There was no significant difference found in improvement of neck pain, JOA, NDI, cSVA, T1 slope at latest follow-up. LP combined with C3 LN is an effective and necessary surgical method for multilevel DCM patients to maintain cervical sagittal balance. However, due to the low quality of evidence in existing studies, more and higher quality research on the technology is needed in the future.

3D seismic bearing capacity of rectangular foundations near rock slopes using upper bound method

The analysis of foundation's bearing capacity is generally conducted under the assumption of plane strain. However, the damage of rectangular foundation usually presents obvious three-dimensional (3D) effect. This article considers this 3D effect, which, for the first time, provides a theoretical framework for assessing the bearing capacity of rectangular foundations placed on rock slopes under seismic condition. In order to apply the kinematic method of limit analysis, a new 3D kinematically admissible collapse mechanism is first constructed. Owing to the point-to-point discretized technique, this 3D mechanism can avoid complex surface integration and effectively reduce spatial coordinate iterative calculations while maintaining high accuracy. The pseudo-static method is adopted to simulate the effects of earthquakes. Generalized multi‑tangential technique is employed to derive the Mohr-Coulomb constants from Hoek-Brown criterion. The comparison between the present results and results of previous literatures proves the validity of the theoretical framework in this paper. Shape factor and reduction factor are introduced in the parametric study, showing that the 3D effect is more obvious when the rectangular foundation aspect ratio is reduced. As the rectangular foundation location moves away from the slope, its bearing capacity gradually converges towards that of the horizontal foundation. The critical collapse mechanism is also explored, demonstrating that the collapse extent expands with increasing internal friction angle of the rock.

A continuum of balance performance between children with developmental coordination disorder, spastic cerebral palsy, and typical development.

Balance deficits are one of the most common impairments in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and cerebral palsy (CP), with shared characteristics between both groups. However, balance deficits in DCD are very heterogeneous, but unlike in CP, they are poorly understood. To unravel the heterogeneity of balance performance in children with DCD by comparing them with CP and typical development (TD). Cross-sectional case-control study. Different outpatient settings and the community. Children aged 5-10.9 years with TD (N.=64, boys: 34, mean [SD] age: 8.1 [1.6]), DCD (N.=39, boys: 32, mean [SD] age: 8.1 [1.5], formal diagnosis [N.=27]), and CP (N.=24, boys: 14, mean [SD] age: 7.5 [1.4], GMFCS level I [N.=14]/II [N.=10], unilateral [N.=13]/bilateral [N.=11]). We evaluated balance performance with the extended version of the Kids-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Kids-BESTest). Between-group differences in domain and total scores (%) were assessed via ANCOVA (covariate: age), with Tukey post-hoc analyses (P≤0.01). Children with DCD and CP performed poorer than TD children on total and domain scores with large effects (domains: η2=0.25-0.66 [P<0.001], total: η2=0.71 [P<0.001]). Still, post hoc comparisons revealed that DCD children scored significantly better than CP on the total score and four domains (P≤0.009), while performing similarly on tasks related to stability limits (P=0.999) and gait stability (P=0.012). There is a continuum of balance performance between children with TD, DCD and CP, but with great inter- and intra-individual heterogeneity in DCD and CP. DCD and CP children have difficulties with tasks requiring anticipatory postural adjustments, fast reactive responses, and with tasks that require complex sensory integration, suggesting an internal modeling deficit in both groups. This implies that these children must rely on slow conscious feedback-based control rather than fast feedforward control and fast automatic feedback. The performance of both DCD and CP children on their stability limits/verticality is similarly poor which further emphasizes a potential deficit in their sensory input and/or integration. Future research must focus on unraveling the control mechanisms, to further understand the heterogeneity of these balance deficits. The heterogeneous balance performances in both children with DCD and CP underscore the importance of comprehensively evaluating balance deficits in both groups. This comprehensive assessment contributes to a better understanding of individual balance deficits, thereby facilitating more tailored treatment programs.

Integrated assessment of the economic efficiency of commercial fish farming

The purpose of the work: Conduct an integrated assessment of the economic efficiency of commercial fish farming.Materials and methods: The information base of the study was made up of statistical and operational materials on commercial fish farming of the Central Federal District of Russia (CFD) for 2015–2021. The main research methods were the monographic method, the method of analyzing the production and economic activities of the Central Federal District through scientific approaches, as well as the method of interpreting the results of the study.The result based on the developed methodology, an analysis of the economic efficiency of commercial fish farming in the Central Federal District of Russia (CFD) was carried out on the basis of the use of a complex (integral) indicator, which allowed identifying the main factors affecting the level and dynamics of the economic efficiency of commercial fish farming in the CFD. The degree of influence of particular indicators on the economic efficiency of production is shown — labor productivity, material output, capital.The practical significance it is possible to use a complex indicator in the analysis of production and economic activity, which allows determining reserves for improving the efficiency of using production resources — living and past labor. The complex indicator can also be used in the development of current options and long-term production plans, followed by the selection of the most effective option.

DNA-Based Complexes and Composites: A Review of Fabrication Methods, Properties, and Applications.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a macromolecule that stores genetic information in organisms, has recently been gradually developed into a building block for new materials due to its stable chemical structure and excellent biocompatibility. The efficient preparation and functional integration of various molecular complexes and composite materials based on nucleic acid skeletons have been successfully achieved. These versatile materials possess excellent physical and chemical properties inherent to certain inorganic or organic molecules but are endowed with specific physiological functions by nucleic acids, demonstrating unique advantages and potential applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and biomedical engineering in recent years. However, issues such as the production cost, biological stability, and potential immunogenicity of DNA have presented some unprecedented challenges to the application of these materials in the field. This review summarizes the cutting-edge manufacturing techniques and unique properties of DNA-based complexes and composites and discusses the trends, challenges, and opportunities for the future development of nucleic acid-based materials.

Diversity and Complexity of CTXΦ and Pre-CTXΦ Families in Vibrio cholerae from Seventh Pandemic.

CTXΦ is a lysogenic filamentous phage that carries the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxAB), the main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae. The toxigenic conversion of environmental V. cholerae strains through CTXΦ lysogenic infection is crucial for the emergence of new pathogenic clones. A special allelic form of CTXΦ, called pre-CTXΦ, is a precursor of CTXΦ and without ctxAB. Different members of the pre-CTXΦ and CTXΦ families are distinguished by the sequence of the transcriptional repressor-coding gene rstR. Multiple rstR alleles can coexist within a single strain, demonstrating the diverse structure and complex genomic integration patterns of CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ prophage on the chromosome. Exploration of the diversity and co-integration patterns of CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ prophages in V. cholerae can help to understand the evolution of this phage family. In this study, 21 V. cholerae strains, which were shown to carry the CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ prophages as opposed to typical CTXETΦ-RS1 structure, were selected from approximately 1000 strains with diverse genomes. We identified two CTXΦ members and six pre-CTXΦ members with distinct rstR alleles, revealing complex chromosomal DNA integration patterns and arrangements of different prophages in these strains. Promoter activity assays showed that the transcriptional repressor RstR protected against CTXΦ superinfection by preventing the replication and integration of CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ phages containing the same rstR allele, supporting the co-integration of the diverse CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ members observed. The numbers and types of prophages and their co-integration arrangements in serogroup O139 strains were more complex than those in serogroup O1 strains. Also, these CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ members were shown to present the bloom period of the CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ family during wave 2 of the seventh cholera pandemic. Together, these analyses deepen our comprehension of the genetic variation of CTXΦ and pre-CTXΦ and provide insights into the evolution of the CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ family in the seventh cholera pandemic.

World Heritage: features, composition, and tourist significance

It is proved that the idea of world heritage and its conceptual form of legal imple- mentation created a new institution of world heritage in international law. At the end of the 20th century for the first time, the term «world cultural and natural heritage» became widely used to define those natural and cultural objects that are of outstanding importance not only for the people of a certain country but also for all humanity as a whole. Among the main advantages of granting the status of a world heritage site are the following: additional guarantees of preservation and integrity of unique natural and cultural complexes; increasing the prestige of the territories and institutions that take care of them; promoting the promotion of objects included in the List and the development of alternative types of nature use (primarily, ecological tourism); ensuring priority in attracting financial funds for the support of objects of world cultural and natural heritage, first of all, from the World Heritage Fund; promoting the organization of monitoring and control over the state of preservation of natural and cultural objects. Currently, the World Heritage List consists of three categoriesof objects: cultural heritage, natural phenomena, and cultural-natural (mixed) objects. It is noted that every year the number of world heritage sites is steadily increasing, and by 2020 their number has already reached 1,121 sites, including 869 cultural sites, 213 natural sites, and 39 mixed sites. From 1978 until now, the number of nominated objects has constantly increased. However, in order to achieve representativeness, balance, and credibility of the UNESCO Heritage List, certain restrictions on the number of nominations per year have been introduced since 2018. Now their total number cannot exceed 45 nominations per year and only one nomination from the state. They are distributed very unevenly by regions of the world. More than 75% of the world’s cultural heritage is concentrated in Eurasian countries. The countries of America and Africa hold the leadership in the number of natural monuments in the world. The basis of the interest of the countries of the world in the inclusion of objects in the List of World Heritage is the possibility of obtaining profits from the visit of numerous tourists to this cultural or natural attraction. About 225 historic centers of cities around the world are included in the UNESCO Heritage List, including Paris, London, Istanbul, Vienna, Athens, Florence, Venice, St. Petersburg, Krakow, Riga, Jerusalem, Mecca, Mexico City, Quito, Quebec, Rio de Janeiro -Janeiro, etc. It was found that individual objects of cultural heritage are also very popular (the Great Wall of China, St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican, the Colosseum, etc.).

Chromatin remodeler BRG1 recruits huntingtin to repair DNA double-strand breaks in neurons.

BRG1 recruits HTT and NHEJ components to transcriptionally active DSBs.HTT joins BRG1 and PNKP to efficiently repair transcription related DSBs in brain.Mutant HTT impairs the functional integrity of TC-NHEJ complex for DSB repair.HTT expression improves DSB repair, genome integrity and phenotypes in HD flies.

Multilateral analysis of stakeholder integration, project complexity and project performance on information technology (IT) projects

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influence of stakeholder integration and project complexity on information technology (IT) projects in Kenya. The following research question guided our inquiry: what is the influence of project complexity and stakeholder integration on the performance of IT projects in Kenya?Design/methodology/approachTo advance the current understanding of the effect of stakeholder integration and project complexity on IT projects, multiple regressions were used to predict how project complexity and stakeholder integration influence project performance. Both government-funded and privately funded IT projects from a developing country were examined.FindingsThe study found that any project’s complexity and stakeholder integration levels offer a distinctive contribution to its success. Theoretically, the study contributes to linkages between stakeholder integration and project complexity concerning IT project performance. Through the adoption of actionable research and theoretical elaboration, we have shown that the successful execution of IT projects is driven by the successful integration of stakeholders and monitoring the level of complexity at each phase of the project.Originality/valueThe findings of this study add to the burgeoning literature on the performance of IT projects and come with several managerial implications as well. It brings to the fore the concept of stakeholder integration as an essential element of project success. The findings suggest that the inclusion of stakeholder integration into corporate decisions, strategies and policies can be an asset to the production of sustainable competitive advantages needed during the implementation of IT projects in government entities and organisations. As shown in this study, all the above require a collaborative platform allowing for data sharing among diverse stakeholders to ameliorate distrust or lack of information.

Exploring the impact of big data on companies' business intelligence strategies in the digital era

Using a mixed-method approach, this research examines how big data affects business intelligence strategies in the digital age. It points out the importance of the big data analytic process in decision-making, strategic planning, and identifying growth opportunities. Nevertheless, incorporating big data into business intelligence strategies has challenges: complex data integration, privacy concerns, and the availability of skilled analysts. Nonetheless, its potential to drive innovation and growth is non-negotiable. The study findings contribute valuable insights to organizations looking to effectively navigate the embrace of big data and thrive in a data-rich digital age as more businesses embrace data-driven decision-making, the implications of this research extend beyond individual organizations This study adds to existing knowledge in the field by shedding light on the evolving landscape of big data in business science approaches that shape industry, both economic and societal. Organizations are recommended to take the practical advice of this survey to gain the full benefits from big data and unleash its transformative power. As the digital age evolves, businesses must embrace big data to remain competitive and flexible amid dynamic market forces.

AUTOSAR-Compatible Level-4 Virtual ECU for the Verification of the Target Binary for Cloud-Native Development

The rapid evolution of automotive software necessitates efficient and accurate development and verification processes. This study proposes a virtual electronic control unit (vECU) that allows for precise software testing without the need for hardware, thereby reducing developmental costs and enabling cloud-native development. The software was configured and built on a Hyundai Autoever AUTomotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR) classic platform, Mobilgene, and Renode was used for high-fidelity emulations. Custom peripherals in C# were implemented for the FlexTimer, system clock generator, and analog-to-digital converter to ensure the proper functionality of the vECU. Renode’s GNU debugger server function facilitates detailed software debugging in a cloud environment, further accelerating the developmental cycle. Additionally, automated testing was implemented using a vECU tester to enable the verification of the vECU. Performance evaluations demonstrated that the vECU’s execution order and timing of tasks and runnable entities closely matched those of the actual ECU. The vECU tester also enabled fast and accurate verification. These findings confirm the potential of the AUTOSAR-compatible Level-4 vECU to replace hardware in development processes. Future efforts will focus on extending capabilities to emulate a broader range of hardware components and complex system integration scenarios, supporting more diverse research and development efforts.

Mother-Offspring Bonding after Calving in Water Buffalo and Other Ruminants: Sensory Pathways and Neuroendocrine Aspects.

The cow-calf bonding is a process that must be developed within the first six hours after calving. Both the buffalo dam and the newborn calf receive a series of sensory cues during calving, including olfactory, tactile, auditory, and visual stimuli. These inputs are processed in the brain to develop an exclusive bond where the dam provides selective care to the filial newborn. The limbic system, sensory cortices, and maternal-related hormones such as oxytocin mediate this process. Due to the complex integration of the maternal response towards the newborn, this paper aims to review the development of the cow-calf bonding process in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) via the olfactory, tactile, auditory, and visual stimuli. It will also discuss the neuroendocrine factors motivating buffalo cows to care for the calf using examples in other ruminant species where dam-newborn bonding has been extensively studied.

Evaluation of Problem Based Gamification Learning (PBGL) Model on Critical Thinking Ability with Artificial Intelligence Approach Integrated with ChatGPT API: An Experimental Study

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Problem Based Gamification Learning (PBGL) model integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) through ChatGPT API in improving participants' critical thinking skills. The study used an experimental design with two groups, namely control and experimental, each consisting of 120 students (240 in total) from two countries (Timor Leste and Indonesia) studying basic Python programming. The main issues were complex system integration with ChatGPT API, technical challenges in AI implementation for automated feedback, and maintaining test consistency and fairness. Results showed the experimental group had a significant improvement in critical thinking skills, with an average score improvement of 23.57 points compared to 9.04 points in the control group, showing a mean difference of 14.53 points. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) testing showed good content validity with CVR values &gt; 0.75 for all items. Construct Validity (CV) testing confirmed the instrument measured the desired construct with significant correlation coefficients. Test-retest Reliability testing showed excellent reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.960. The findings confirm that the integration of AI in gamified learning can provide automatic feedback and additional relevant information, improving critical thinking and motivation of participants. The contribution of the research is the development and testing of an AI-supported PBGL model, which can serve as a reference in digital learning curriculum design and improve critical thinking skills. Practical implications show that the integration of AI in learning enriches the material and provides flexibility to participants and teachers. Overcoming the technical challenges and adaptability of AI models will be key to increasing the effectiveness of PBGL in various educational contexts in the future. This research provides new insights in the development of more effective and adaptive learning methods in the digital era.

Establishing Australia’s national linked COVID Register

Objective and ApproachThe Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) is an independent statutory Australian Government agency tasked with collating health data across federal and state/territory governments, and is accredited to provide complex integration, de-identification and secure access to linked data. To support research into the COVID pandemic, the AIHW has created a national-level COVID Register, which integrates COVID case data from infectious disease registers, and data from hospitals and intensive care, immunisation, deaths, health system usage data, aged care and disability support. ResultsData were probabilistically linked using the AIHW’s linkage spine, matching names, addresses, date of birth and sex. The AIHW data linkage protocols are based on the Five Safes framework which reinforce management of the privacy and confidentiality of data. Linkage rates for COVID cases across participating jurisdictions generally exceeded 95%. Ongoing work aims to increase the coverage of COVID cases, both in time and to include case data from one remaining jurisdiction. ConclusionsLinking disparate datasets from multiple sources has created a critical resource for exploring COVID and patient journeys in Australia. Currently, the Register supports projects to estimate expenditure associated with COVID, describe the impact of COVID for subgroups such as people living rural and remote areas, or those with dementia. ImplicationsUltimately, the Register will be integrated into the National Health Data Hub to enable ongoing health research and analysis through enduring national linked health data. The value of the Register extends beyond COVID and into other infectious diseases and chronic conditions.

Non-redundant roles for the human mRNA decapping cofactor paralogs DCP1a and DCP1b.

Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, with disruption of regulation contributing significantly to human diseases. The 5' m7G mRNA cap is a central node in post-transcriptional regulation, participating in both mRNA stabilization and translation efficiency. In mammals, DCP1a and DCP1b are paralogous cofactor proteins of the mRNA cap hydrolase DCP2. As lower eukaryotes have a single DCP1 cofactor, the functional advantages gained by this evolutionary divergence remain unclear. We report the first functional dissection of DCP1a and DCP1b, demonstrating that they are non-redundant cofactors of DCP2 with unique roles in decapping complex integrity and specificity. DCP1a is essential for decapping complex assembly and interactions between the decapping complex and mRNA cap-binding proteins. DCP1b is essential for decapping complex interactions with protein degradation and translational machinery. DCP1a and DCP1b impact the turnover of distinct mRNAs. The observation that different ontological groups of mRNA molecules are regulated by DCP1a and DCP1b, along with their non-redundant roles in decapping complex integrity, provides the first evidence that these paralogs have qualitatively distinct functions.

Total free-free Gaunt factors prediction using machine learning models

Gaunt factors are fundamental in describing the interaction of free electrons with photons, playing a crucial role in astrophysical processes such as radiation transport and emission spectra. Traditional methods for computing Gaunt factors involve complex integrations and intricate mathematical formulations, often being computationally expensive and time-consuming. This study explores an alternative approach using machine learning models to predict free-free Gaunt factors. Three models were employed: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR). The obtained results demonstrate high performance, with R 2 scores ranging from 0.98 to 0.99, indicating the potential of machine learning models to accurately predict Gaunt factors.

Mode pairing quantum key distribution with light source monitoring

Abstract Mode pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) overcomes the repeaterless bound without requiring phase locking and phase tracking. However, MP-QKD still assumes that the light source is trusted, which can present challenges in practical deployments and potentially introduce security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a light source monitoring (LSM) scheme that guarantees the security of MP-QKD with the untrusted light sources. The simulation results demonstrate that, when considering untrusted light sources, the performance of MP-QKD with the LSM scheme remains nearly identical to that of ideal MP-QKD, even in the presence of the source fluctuations. Furthermore, we simplify some of the complex integration calculations involved in simulating the observed quantities of MP-QKD, which reduces the running time of the parameter optimization procedure.