Complex Hierarchical System Research Articles

Simulation of traffic flow control using S-­hypernetwork

The problem of the influence of the network capacity of the introduction of one-way traffic on certain sections of the streets is considered. The possibility of using simulation modeling to determine the rules for managing the flow of cars in the metropolis is offered. The construction of the simulation model is based on a non-stationary s-hypernetwork, which makes it possible to adequately reflect the flow of cars on city streets. The main indicator of street congestion is the average speed of vehicles, which has been decreasing sharply over the years. Moreover, this problem began to affect not only large cities, but also smaller ones. The increasing congestion of vehicles on the city’s road network not only increases costs due to lost time, but also increases the likelihood of accidents and negatively affects the environment and people’s quality of life. Management of traffic flows of road transport networks is closely related to their carrying capacity. For the most effective operation of the network, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of passing through it the maximum flow. Since the transport infrastructure of the metropolis is a complex hierarchical non-stationary system of the network structure, the selected theory allows to simulate transport networks close to reality and to solve a number of tasks related to them, such as: modeling of traffic flows of the city’s road transport network; management of transport systems; optimal placement of service points, etc. It is also worth noting that when building the model, it is necessary to take into account not only the urban planning factors of the road and transport network, but also the behavior of the flows and the characteristics of the types of vehicles that make them up. For example, the introduction of one-way traffic can both increase and decrease the carrying capacity of a section of the road network, depending on the flow structure of a given area of the city. Thus, the simulation model will allow to calculate the optimal orientation of the traffic on the streets of the city.

Technological analysis of liquid waste parameters in treatment system for phosphorus production

This study considers the problem of analyzing a complex hierarchical system of phosphorus production wastewater treatment, which is characterized by considering the process of sedimentation of elemental phosphorus sludge particles and mechanical impurities. The study presents a framework for decision-making on the purification of wastewater from phosphorus production, which is contaminated with toxic impurities and must meet sanitary norms. The framework considers the reagents introduced, as well as the increased mineralization of water, which cannot be discharged into the water body for ecological reasons. Instead, it is reused in production. It is demonstrated that for mechanical treatment of sewage from elemental phosphorus and suspended solids, as well as to improve sedimentation of particles, iron sulphate is used as a coagulant. The action of this coagulant is similar to that of sulphuric acid aluminum, which is widely used for water treatment. Thus, a complex engineering approach is presented for a complex system of phosphorus production wastewater treatment.

Применение методологии стратегирования в процессе трансформации системы инновационных промышленных кластеров

Each innovative industrial cluster is a complex hierarchical system. To study its methodology, scientists have to investigate the movement of each structural element towards common strategic goals. Philosophy gives the theory of strategizing a harmonious development. Strategists rely on philosophers in their search for the most effective research methods. Philosophers answer the questions about the role man in the world and the way people transform the natural, economic, and social reality. An effective strategy for an innovative industrial cluster should rely on a balanced approach in order to improve the quality of life and achieve the national technological sovereignty. To strategize an industrial cluster, one needs to analyze resource availability and competitive advantages, define strategic priorities and goals, develop infrastructure, consolidate participants based on common strategic goals, etc. The paper describes research methods aimed at effective cluster strategizing, including the development, creation, dissemination, and introduction of innovations into the production process. The basic principles of the strategic decision-making system are aimed at successful innovative industrial cluster enterprises that provide rational use of innovative potential and multiply in the long run. The systematic strategic approach to financial investments is a key condition for innovation clustering during the emergency period. This decision-making system for strategic investment can help managers of an innovative industrial cluster to achieve strategic goals, maximize profitability, and secure long-term success, provided that the strategy is implemented consistently and fully.

DT-RRNS: Routing Protocol Design for Secure and Reliable Distributed Smart Sensors Communication Systems

A smart city has a complex hierarchical communication system with various components. It must meet the requirements of fast connection, reliability, and security without data compromise. Internet of Things technology is widely used to provide connectivity and control solutions for smart sensors and other devices using heterogeneous networking technologies. In this paper, we propose a routing solution for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) with increasing speed, reliability, and sufficient security. Many routing protocols have been proposed for WSNs and MANETs. We combine the Secret Sharing Schemes (SSS) and Redundant Residual Number Systems (RRNS) to provide an efficient mechanism for a Distributed dynamic heterogeneous network Transmission (DT) with new security and reliability routing protocol (DT-RRNS). We analyze the concept of data transmission based on RRNS that divides data into smaller encoded shares and transmits them in parallel, protecting them from attacks on routes by adaptive multipath secured transmission and providing self-correcting properties that improve the reliability and fault tolerance of the entire system.

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЕ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ СТРАТЕГИЙ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ГРУППОЙ МОБИЛЬНЫХ РОБОТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕПОЛНОТЫ ИНФОРМАЦИИ

Different problems of strategy planning and control of a mobile robot group under complex dynamicconditions with incomplete information about the external environment are considered. Approachesto solving problems of effective work scheduling under conditions of inconstant active groupcomposition, searching for the source of a nonstationary concentration field, supervisory control ofdiscrete-event systems are presented. An original mathematical model formulated in terms of work-shiftscheduling problems and a problem-oriented modification of evolutionary algorithms with a specializedset of heuristics for its efficient solution are developed for the problem of scheduling top-level groupwork. Searching and monitoring the source of the nonstationary concentration field is carried out usinga decentralized multi-agent control strategy that combines elements of bionic and gradient approaches,as well as a method for generating artificial potential fields. The considered control strategy has lowcomputational complexity, high variability with respect to the types of fields surveyed, and is easily scalableto control any available number of mobile robots. The latter is of special importance, in particularwhen considering the problem of parallel and independent monitoring of multiple sources. It is proposedto use the means of logical inference, namely automatic theorem proving in the calculus of positivelyconstructed formulas, to solve various problems of the supervised control theory of discrete-eventsystems used at different levels of the robotic complex hierarchical control system. Features of the calculusallows solving complex problems of dynamic systems control, as well as processing and controllingevents based on environmental data in real time in the process of logical inference efficiently. Theapproach based on positively constructed formulas allows studying the properties of automata-baseddiscrete-event systems, as well as to synthesize and model finite automata for the construction and realizationof monolithic and modular supervisors. A general scheme combining the considered approachesfor controlling a group of mobile robots at different levels and time scales within a single hierarchicalcontrol system is proposed.

Method for Determining the Initial Values of the Adjustable Parameters of the Combine Harvester Cutting Unit

Introduction. The article presents the solution of the problem of identifying the subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the working elements of the combine harvester cutting unitˮ. The correct choice of parameter values of the cutting unit as the most important element of a combine harvester is one of the main conditions for providing high quality harvesting. It is the fact that defined the object of the present study. The aim of the study is to develop a method for adjusting the values of parameters of a combine harvester cutting unit for the harvested crop and harvesting conditions. Materials and Methods. Decisions on the values of technological parameters of the harvester, which is a complex hierarchical system, are made on the basis of information about the external environment and the machine technical state. The incoming data are quantitative, qualitative and evaluative in nature. Taking into account the heterogeneity and vagueness of the information, the decisions are made through using intelligent information systems, which are based on the fuzzy logic programming and use a linguistic approach to describe the subject area. This approach is used because of the complexity and ambiguity of the relationships between regulated parameters and external factors. Results. The subject area “Preliminary adjustment of the combine harvester cutting unit parametersˮ has been investigated. The formal-logical scheme for selecting the values of adjustable parameters of the combine harvester cutting unit is described in detail. The main factors influencing the values of the combine harvester cutting unit adjustable parameters are defined, their linguistic description is given, the corresponding input and output linguistic variables are introduced, and the membership functions are built on the basis of expert information. The agreement analysis of the presented information has been carried out and optimal models have been selected. A fuzzy knowledge base is created, on which the deductive inference of decisions is based. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed approach and created fuzzy knowledge base can be used as the basis for an intelligent decision-making system for adjusting combine parameters. Using this system in the field in combination with sensors for continuous monitoring of harvesting conditions and an automated image analysis system will allow responding quickly to changing conditions, will significantly improve operational efficiency and reduce decision-making time.

Historical Identity in the Coordinate System of World Development

The aim of the work is to analyse the systemic characteristics of historical identity as a scientific category and to comprehend its substantive core on the basis of the paradigm that dominates in a particular historical period. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural studies analysis. The conceptual methodological core of the research is the system analysis of identity as a complex hierarchical system, self-developing in the chronotype. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualisation of the phenomenon of historical identity from the standpoint of its temporality in the context of the acceleration of identification processes. The invariant and variable nature of the phenomenon has been revealed. Conclusions. Based on the memorial paradigm of the continuity of history in its correlation with time, it has been shown that historical identity is a sociology-cultural construct, the key mechanism for the formation of which is the dichotomy of «memory-oblivion».
 Key words: historical identity, collective identity, memory, oblivion, temporality.

Учение Макса Шелера о политике и государстве в свете его аксиологии

The purpose of the study is to consider the question of the value conditionality of these phenomena in the philosophy of the German thinker. The German thinker developed the doctrine of emotional-sensory apriorism, through which in contemplation the self-givenness of phenomena is "caught", and in experience the realization of essential relations is carried out. His axiology is a complex hierarchical system with vertical and horizontal connections, where four levels of "value modalities" are distinguished: sensory, vital, spiritual, sacred values. Being objective and universally significant phenomena, they prescribe rules and norms, assessments and obligations. Political and moral behavior is derived by Scheler from the highest destiny of man – to implement objective values in the world, independent of the subjectivity and arbitrariness of people. Politics is the desire for power, consciously directed and controlled by ideas and values. It obeys the order of values that is characteristic of a people in a certain historical situation. Political and moral behavior are mutually exclusive. Politics deals with the vital values of the state and the people, and not with individual happiness. Its priorities are the vital existence of the whole and its freedom. The state is the common will of the cultural totality of the nation's personalities, founded in their actions, but existing independently. Its main task is to ensure the development of a specific culture of the society with the help of the authorities on the basis of general legal norms. As a result of the analysis of Max Scheler's teachings on politics and the state in the light of his axiology based on the phenomenological approach, the scientific novelty of the study was revealed, which consists in clarifying the role and significance of axiology for the concepts of politics and the state developed by Max Scheler.

MEDIA FORMATION OF DESIGN ELEMENTS OF LVIV ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The modern rhythm of life necessitates the creation of new principles of organization of design elements in the architectural information and communication environment. Its media formation is a reflection of the spiritual and cultural values of modern society which are transformed into dynamic and interactive elements. The set of media visual elements of architectural space is a complex hierarchical system of different types. Although design objects play an important role in the perception of the architectural environment, they are not sufficiently studied in details today. To characterize the informative essence of visual elements of the modern architectural environment, their classification by function, time frame of action and location is proposed. The research was conducted on the example of media elements of the urban architectural environment of Lviv. Historical and modern visual elements of urban space design are analyzed. The signs of harmonious use of media design elements in the existing architectural environment are highlighted. The role of informative saturation of the city on the intuitive form of human perception is determined. The evaluation of the characteristic features of media design elements in Lviv was carried out. These features include content, functionality, subordination of composition and ergonomics.

CONCEPT-CONSTRUCT «GOLD/GOLDEN» AS A UNIVERSAL TEXT OF CULTURE AND LANGUAGE


 P. Amichba, I. P. Suima, O. V. Shkurko
 
 CONCEPT-CONSTRUCT «GOLD/GOLDEN» AS A UNIVERSAL TEXT OF CULTURE AND LANGUAGE 
 
 Background. Proverbs and sayings are an ambivalent semiotic signs that allow us to express feelings, emotions, attitudes to the subject of thought. This sign is objectified by various expressively marked syntactic models of positive and negative connotation. Among the numerous proverbs and sayings in any language, we can distinguish constructions with a nuclear component «gold / golden», which are represented at a deep mental level by a concept-construct. The study of this concept is related to the theory of phrases and sentences, as well as to the problems of cognitive linguistics, in particular, the linguistics of the text and its deep components. We consider the attributive constructions with the nuclear dominant word «gold» and its derivative «golden» as belonging to these components.
 The purpose of the article is to describe and analyze the conceptual construct «gold» and its mental universal deeply structured images, objectified by attributive constructions.
 Research methods. Structural and semantic analysis of phraseological units with the semantic nuclear component «gold» and its derivative «golden»; elements of contextual and component description of linguistic facts.
 Results. Evaluation is one of the essential integral features of the concept-construct, which is actualized by coloratives implicitly and explicitly. The concept-construct «gold / golden» is a deep metaphorically structured text with complex hierarchical system of images. The concept under the consideration is categorized by an attributive construction with a dominant semantic component «gold» and its derivatives. The texts involved in the analysis and description are represented by a deep metaphor, which is verbalized by lexical units of positive and negative connotation with the meaning «measure of value». The choice of the subject of research allows to describe the system of human experience and their perception of the surrounding reality. In the presented models, the concept of «value» and its opposition «unnecessary, having no value» reveals the meanings and meanings and senses of deep universal images and symbols that allow us to understand the values ​​of people of different times and cultures.
 Conclusions and prospects. The study of constructions with the noun «gold» and the adjective «golden» in proverbs and sayings allows us to conclude that firstly, the conceptual construct «gold / golden» is a linear, detailed text of culture, and secondly, that the negative or positive connotation of this concept, verbalized by an attributive construction, can be considered as a proof of its ambivalence.
 The study of the concept-construct «gold» and its mental universal deeply structured images is part of a more general problem of the relationship between form and content in language, which makes an advanced theoretical study of concepts of different semantic content very important.
 Key words: concept, gold, golden, color, symbolism, mental images, attributive construction.

The poetic universality kalyna in the poetry of Taras Shevchenko

The article presents an attempt to consider the lyrical discourse of Taras Shevchenko on the example of the analysis of the denotative-connotative content of the poetic universal of viburnum. It was established that the linguistic style of the artist, iconic in many dimensions, is characterized by the concentration of concepts that appeal to the national worldview, the national understanding of being. The dominant role in the poetic dictionary of the poet Shevchenko is occupied by universal images and symbols. Shevchenko's phenomenality can be seen in the masterful assimilation and combination of folk poetic experience with the author's interpretation, transformed perception and reinterpreted use of traditional images-symbols. It was observed that Kobzar creatively used folklore sources; he did not copy folk poetic symbols, plots, motifs, themes, etc., he selected established symbolic units from the folk treasury and created on their basis unparalleled author's poetic formulas, poetic models of the world. In this regard, the linguistic style of Shevchenko, as the founder of the Ukrainian literary language, is considered a complex hierarchical system organized according to the highest laws of verbal and artistic creativity. The analysis of Shevchenko's lyrical linguistic style makes it possible to make sure that in his perception the poetic universal of viburnum is represented with the semantics of 'girl', 'beauty', 'youth', 'love', 'engagement', 'loyalty' (according to the folklore tradition of word usage); the poetic universal of viburnum is also characterized by connotations of a negative plan, which are intertwined: to a certain extent, the seven 'beauty', 'youth', 'love', 'engagement', and 'loyalty' in the semantic structure of the poetic universal intersect and interact with the seven 'death', 'sorrow' ', 'crying', 'memory'; this interpretation of the word-image viburnum is clearly represented in the artist's outlook and style. Taras Shevchenko is credited with delineating the poetic universal of the viburnum with the semantics of 'Ukraine', 'the space of national existence', 'a sign of national reality'. Taras Shevchenko generalized the folklore-song experience in terms of content and emotional filling of the poetic universal of viburnum, expanded its semantics and aesthetics.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ПОДСИСТЕМЫ ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИИ ДИСТАНЦИОННО ПИЛОТИРУЕМОГО МОРСКОГО БУКСИРА

The article presents the concept of building an effective telecommunications subsystem for a remotely piloted sea tug operating in the area of responsibility of a local vessel traffic control system. This concept, in turn, was developed within the framework of the concept of unmanned navigation being created in the Russian Federation, called the A-navigation concept. The work was carried out using an engineering-cybernetic approach to the design of complex systems. According to this approach, the projected subsystem is considered not in isolation, but as part of a complex hierarchical system, at the upper level of which the concept of a metasystem is introduced, which in relation to the telecommunications subsystem is a local ship traffic control system. The goals and objectives of the local vessel traffic control system are considered and the requirements for a remote-controlled tugboat and its telecommunications subsystem are determined. The main stages of operation of the remotely piloted tug are determined. The operations carried out within the framework of the functions of the telecommunications subsystem included in the studied system of this tug are identified and investigated. Along with the functional requirements, the most important requirements are the absence of interference to the existing radio channels of the vessel traffic control system from the telecommunications subsystem and the provision of a cybersecurity regime to exclude unauthorized interference in the management of the tugboat. The scheme of automatic authentication of the operator and his remotely piloted tug is presented. The optimal structure of the telecommunications subsystem is determined, recommendations are presented on the choice of control channels, telemetry and visualization, as well as on the choice of protocols for its ship and shore local networks. The problem of creating a reliable visualization radio channel is considered and ways to solve it are proposed.

Methodological approach to planning the reconstruction of urban environment

The article substantiates the need for a comprehensive multidimensional reconstruction of the territories of cities and settlements, caused by social, urban planning and economic reasons. For effective planning of the reconstruction of sections of the urban environment, a systematic approach is proposed as a leading methodology, which allows one to design interrelated solutions for the reorganization of various objects of the urban environment in order to bring them in line with current norms and modern requirements. At the same time, sections of the urban environment are presented in the form of a complex hierarchical system - a system-integrated urban planning education - and are expressed by a subject structure with components and objects included in it. Physical deterioration, obsolescence, "technical comfort" are taken as indicators of the effectiveness of the functioning and development of a system-integrated urban planning education. Based on a systematic approach, a stratified mathematical model for the choice of options for actions, technical and technological solutions has been developed when designing the reconstruction of urban areas with minimization of resource consumption.

Modeling the relationship between utilities and partners

The purpose of the article is to study the features of modelling the relationship between utilities and partners. Methodology. General scientific methods are used in the research, in particular, generalizations, comparisons – to analyse the views of scientists on modelling the relationship between utilities and partners, indicating the main forms of public-private partnership, the advantages and disadvantages of their use. Results. It is proved that the relationship between the state and business today is extremely strategically important for the state in the formation of sustainable development goals. Building effective relationships in housing and communal services will be a success for effective activities and will satisfy all participants: the state, business and the population. It is proved that in modern conditions, housing and communal services is a complex hierarchical system that combines many separate subsystems and has the characteristics of a spatial economy, i.e. regional structure and scale. The analysis of the legal and regulatory framework shows that there are only three players in the market of housing and communal services: managers, service providers and consumers. Also, there are various opportunities to establish partnerships with most existing stakeholders, including the use of public-private partnerships in housing and communal services. It is investigated that among the widespread variants of private capital raising in the communal sphere the following basic forms are identified: contract for works, contract for enterprise management, lease, concession, privatization. Thus, local public authorities have the opportunity to transfer utilities in concession or lease to private investors. However, this has not become a common practice due to the complexity of their organizational mechanism. Practical meaning. It is proved that the most effective form of public-private partnership for housing and communal services is a concession – the process of granting, in order to meet public needs by an authorized executive body or local government, concluding a contract on a paid and fixed basis, the concessionaire ) management of the concession object, on the terms of property liability by the concessionaire and possible division of business risk. Prospects for further research. The need to study the advantages and disadvantages of other forms of public-private partnership in housing and communal services.

Historical identity in the coordinate system of world development

The purpose of the article is to analyze the systemic characteristics of historical identity as a scientific category and to comprehend its substantive core on the basis of the paradigm that dominates in a particular historical period. Methodology. Research methods are based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural studies analysis. The conceptual methodological core of the research is the system analysis of identity as a complex hierarchical system, self-developing in the chronotopе. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the phenomenon of historical identity from the standpoint of its temporality in the context of the acceleration of identification processes. The invariant and variable nature of the phenomenon is revealed. Conclusions. Based on the memorial paradigm about the continuity of history in its correlation with time, it is shown that historical identity is a sociology-cultural construct, the key mechanism for the formation of which is the dichotomy of «memory-oblivion».

USING OF COGNITIVE DYNAMIC SYSTEMS FOR INTELLIGENT TECHNICAL SYSTEMS CONTROL

For the second year around the world the impact of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 has been taking place. And, therefore, the modern world today is in a critical situation in the fight against a pandemic, where humanity is competing for its natural survival and has embraced the whole world, which greatly influenced the economic, social, and political aspects. The forecasts of specialists in various spheres of social life have versatile conclusions. But technological and informational components have received new development opportunities, and here it becomes interesting to consider the moment of creating a single information space, due to the effective implementation of the latest information resources that can transform ordinary services at a qualitatively new level. This is also the issue of virtualization of individual industries with high economic potential. Also, the integration of the latest technological solutions (issues of managing business systems at enterprises, organizing workplaces, abandoning institutions with reference to a specific building, etc.). When creating a remote form, Big Data resources become relevant, analysing large amounts of data and can issue their own conclusions and plan informed proposals. The conclusions obtained based on complex analytical technological systems based on artificial intelligence can compete with experts in a particular industry. Systems with a complex hierarchical system are capable of serious forecasting, but the focus of small companies on minor tasks does not give a comprehensive result on a national scale. Scientists and specialists involved in these tasks are limited in global information, therefore, the issue of attracting cognitive dynamic systems from the point of view of effective management is an urgent issue for solving artificial intelligence problems. In the work there are links to sources, explain the presented material.

Epistemology of the development of the category «Economic interests»

Importance: Economic relations between agents of the market system regarding the emergence and existence of economic interests, as well as the analysis of theoretical and methodological problems of the essence and content of the category of "economic interests" as the most important motive and stimulus for the activities of subjects in the concepts of foreign and domestic researchers of this problem. Purpose. An attempt has been made to clarify the content of the economic category "economic interests"; to reveal the interdependence and interdependence of eco-nomic interests and needs; determine which of them is primary and which is secondary; explore this concept as a complex hierarchically subordinate system.Methodology. In the process of studying the problems of the emergence and development of economic interests of economic entities, the methods of system-functional analysis, scientific abstraction, general and special, analysis and synthesis, ascent from the concrete to the abstract and vice versa, the unity of historical and logical approaches were used. Results: The analysis of the main provisions reflecting the content of the considered category is carried out, its relationship with consumption is revealed, the specificity of these relations is reflected, the forms of manifestation of interests in reality are indicated. The authors have given the content of the category of "economic interest", which is a hierarchical system that includes the following aspects: first - objectivity, since these relationships arise independently of the will and conscious-ness of people; the second - the realization of economic interest contributes to the satisfaction of the needs of individuals; the third is the objective-subjective nature of manifestation in real conditions, because economic interest is objective in nature, but is realized through the subjective activity of people. Conclusions: the content of the category "economic interest" has been clarified as the need to satisfy, first of all, the material needs of economic entities through socio-economic relations. Economic interest is a multi-level complex hierarchical system, which is characterized by objectivity, focus on meeting the needs of indi-viduals, an objective-subjective form of manifestation in reality.

UNDERSTANDING SYSTEM FAILURE IN HEALTH CARE: A MENTAL MODEL FOR DEMAND MANAGEMENT

The load on health systems caused by systemic overburden leads to heightened costs, longer waiting times, a reduced quality of care, andassociated problems. This may be caused by ’failure demand’; however, its definition is inadequate for a complex hierarchical system. Although accounting for a significant proportion of load in other industries, the academic assessment of failure demand in health care remains limited. We present a novel way of identifying repeat consumption, which we loosely equate with failure demand. We present a framework that can be used to identify ‘system failure’, the trigger for later repeat consumption. This provides new insight into understanding whether common events represent system failure. A diagnostic framework was developed from observations, the literature, and brainstorming. Commonly observed exit scenarios in health care were tested against the framework to create a system-failure list. The framework and the categorisation table were shared with eight international Lean health-care experts. Following feedback, the framework and categorisations were fine-tuned and consensus was achieved via member-checking. Identifying and managing failure demand for these settings can lead to a reduced system load, thus reducing costs and increasing system efficiency and quality.

Основные проблемы технологического присоединения распределенной генерации к электрическим сетям в России на основе анализа законодательства зарубежных стран

The paper compares the connection of distributed generation facilities to grids rated at up to 35 kV in Russia and in Germany. Notably, whilst distributed generation (DG) is used prolifically in Russia, there is still no uniform terminology nor legal regulation with regard to connecting DG units to the existing distribution grids. The paper substantiates the need for better legal regulation of this matter in Russia; other jurisdictions, e.g., Germany, can provide a good reference. Thus, analysis of the German legislation shows that is has a complex hierarchical system of regulatory frameworks that address the connection of DG facilities to grids, including international acts, EU directives, federal laws, by-laws, codes, standards, technical regulations, etc. They address the issue from the organizational and legal perspective alike. The paper concludes with proposals on optimizing DG connection to grids rated at up to 35 kV in Russia.

Философия ответственности в освоении целостности социального бытия

The author connects the demand for social and philosophical research of the responsibility phenomenon with the need to strengthen the processes of self-identification, due to the decrease in the influence of the value and cultural space of modern society on the individual. The article substantiates the position on the irreducibility of the content of the responsibility category only to its ethical content due to the wider range of its social functions and socio-project potential. It is emphasized that in the space of social relations and their structures, the necessary condition for maintaining the influence of the moral and value world on organizational and technological processes is the development of relations between a person and society based on the relationship of responsibility. For this reason, the importance of a fundamental sociophilosophical study of the content of the responsibility category is associated in the article with overcoming the one-sidedness and incompleteness of its study in certain areas of social relations – medicine, business ethics, law, pedagogy, ecology – and identifying its integrative and project meanings as a factor of sustainable functioning and development of society. Revealing a number of historical and philosophical approaches to the analysis of responsibility, the author shows the connection of this category with the category of "freedom" both in its personal (existentialism of J.-P. Sartre) and transpersonal (representative of the philosophy of the Russian Diaspora S.A. Levitsky) dimensions. However, historical and philosophical experience testifies to the similarity of different methodological positions, which are determined by the fact that the content of the responsibility category reveals the forms of finding the personal meaning of life. The directions of philosophical searches of the XX century also point to the need to take into account, through the perspective of responsibility, the diversity of possibilities in different social circumstances and the understanding that only one of them will be realized. The disclosure of the meaning of responsibility as a norm of intersubjective interaction, in which the interests and needs of society are manifested, indicates its multidimensional nature and differences in the manifestation of the activities of individual and collective subjects of responsibility. Proceeding from this, it is shown that responsibility can be represented as a complex hierarchical system in which the levels that characterize it at the level of general and specific, as well as systemic and specialized knowledge are organically linked. Specifying the working model of connections that reveal the socio-philosophical content of responsibility, the author identifies a number of categories: general theory (society, person, state, social institution, nation, family, etc.); philosophy of Economics (property, labor, production, money, etc.); ethics (justice, conscience, duty, etc.); philosophy of religion and religious studies (God, fate, faith, sin, etc.); axiology (values). Based on the research, it is concluded that the socio-philosophical study of the category "responsibility" is promising, linking its philosophical, ethical and specifically scientific aspects, which is important for the theoretical and practical development of the human dimension and the morally-oriented development of modern society.