Project Completion Time Research Articles

Improving Delirium Assessment in Palliative Homecare - A Quality Improvement Project at CanSupport.

Delirium increases distress in patients and caregivers and often leads to hospitalisation and increased health-care costs. It is early diagnosis and management improves the quality of life (QoL) of advanced cancer patients as well as their families. This quality improvement (QI) project aimed at increasing delirium assessment in poor performance advanced cancer patients receiving palliative homecare. The A3 methodology for QI was used. Our SMART goal was to increase the assessment of delirium in poor performance advanced cancer patients from 25% to 50%. The Fishbone and Pareto analysis helped to determine the reasons for low assessment rates. A validated screening tool for delirium assessment was selected and the homecare team doctors and nurses were trained to use it. A flier was designed to help educate families about delirium. Regular use of the tool helped to increase delirium assessment from an initial 25-50% at the time of project completion. The homecare teams learnt the importance of early delirium diagnosis and the need for regular delirium screening. Family caregivers were empowered through education and use of fliers. The QI project helped to improve delirium assessment and leading to improved QoL of patients and their caregivers. Regular training and awareness and continued use of a validated screening tool should help to sustain the results.

Estimating Project Completion Time with Monte Carlo Simulation

Risk and uncertainty are factors that construction project managers have been increasingly had to deal with. Project completion time is one of the areas where the expected time is often underestimated or shorter than the actual completion time. Monte Carlo simulation is a widely used simulation technique in modeling a process that is difficult to predict due to its random variables. This study provides a practical way to use Monte Carlo simulation to simulate a project using functions available in a spreadsheet application. A project with five activities was simulated 2000 times using minimum, maximum, and expected duration. The mean, mode, and median simulation results were then plugged into their respective precedence diagram networks to compare them. The precedence diagram computations found that mean, mode, and median project completion times were longer than the initially expected completion time. The mean, mode, and median were 50, 53, and 48 days, respectively, which were 8, 11, and 6 days longer, respectively, than the 42 days initially expected. The study showed that the Monte Carlo simulation could assist the project manager in planning a project schedule that deals with risk and uncertainty more realistically.

Evaluation of critical risk factors in the implementation of modular construction.

Modular construction is considered as a preferred construction method over conventional construction due to a number of benefits including reduction in project completion time, improved environmental performance, better quality, enhanced workers’ safety and flexibility. However, successful implementation of modular construction is hindered by various risk factors and uncertainties. Therefore, it is imperative to perform a comprehensive risk assessment of critical risk factors that pose a negative impact on the implementation of modular construction. Moreover, there is also a relatively less rate of modular construction adoption in developing countries, highlighting the need to focus more on underdeveloped regions. This study aims to propose a risk assessment framework for identification, evaluation and prioritization of critical risk factors affecting the implementation of modular construction in Pakistan. 20 risk factors were identified from previous literature which were then evaluated to shortlist the most significant risks using Fuzzy Delphi. The most significant risk factors were then prioritized using a novel Full-Consistency Method (FUCOM). The results specified ‘Inadequate skills and experience in modular construction’, ‘Inadequate capacity of modular manufacturers’ and ‘Inability to make changes in design during the construction stage’ as top three critical risks in the implementation of modular construction. This is the first study to propose a risk assessment framework for modular construction in Pakistan. The results of the study are useful to provide insights to construction industry practitioners in highlighting and eliminating risks involved in modular construction planning and execution.

Non Linear EVM based on Support Vector Regression Growth Model for Predicting Project Completion Time

Earned Value Management (EVM) is a method used to monitor and to predict project completion time. This method uses a linear approach in predicting project time completion. Unfortunately, most of the projects run in dynamic environments with complex characteristics, causing project progress to require a non-linear approach. That is why the use of EVM in monitoring and predicting non-linear project completion time is less effective. This study proposes a more realistic alternative approach using non-Linear EVM based on the Support Vector Regression (SVR) - Growth Model. The SVR-growth model is used to accommodate the non-linear progress of the project, while the EVM is used to represent the predicted results of the project completion time. For model validation, 5 data on oil and gas field development construction projects in Jawa, Bali and Nusa Tenggara Regions were used as case studies. The results of this study indicate that the results of project completion time prediction using the SVR-Growth Model provide high accuracy and precision compared to the traditional EVM method

ANALISA CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM ) PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN CEKDAM PAKET 2 – KOTA PADANG

Time control is part of project management which also plays an important role in the quality of the implementation of a job. But in reality perfect implementation is very difficult to realize. Sometimes in project implementation there is often a delay in project completion time which results in swelling of project implementation costs. So that the biggest loss and problem is the termination of the contract. It takes a method in project control. Critical Path Method (CPM) can be used in controlling project execution time to minimize deviations in project implementation. The objectives of this thesis include: 1). To know the critical path of work and to calculate the length of time for project implementation using the CPM (Critical Path Method). The results of the analysis there are several activities that are in the critical path. From the results of calculations and rescheduling, the total duration is 165 days, while the duration of the contract 195 days. The activity is completed 30 days earlier.Keywords: Project Management, Cost, Time, Critical Path Method.

BULANIK CPM İLE DOĞRUSAL PROGRAMLAMA: İNŞAAT ENDÜSTRİSİNDE BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

İnşaat sektöründe karmaşık projelerin planlanması ve kontrolü için Kritik Yol Metodunun (KYM), yaygın olarak kullanılan yararlı bir araç olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Ancak, faaliyetlerin süresi net sayılarla temsil edildiğinden, kritik yol analizinde faaliyet sürelerini kesin olarak tahmin etmek zorlaşır. Buna ek olarak, vakaların çoğu, görev sürelerinin sübjektif olarak hesaplanmasını gerektirir ve bu da faaliyetlerin süresi hakkında belirsizliğe neden olur. Bu makale, bulanık kümelere dayalı bir yaklaşım önererek bu sorunları ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir inşaat projesinin kritik yolunu ve tamamlanma süresini hesaplamak için bulanık sayıların nasıl kullanılacağını göstermektir. Çalışma kapsamında proje faaliyetlerine üçgen bulanık süreler verilerek iki ayrı çözüm algoritması oluşturulmuştur. Örnek bir inşaat projesinin kritik yolu ve proje süresi ilk çözüm algoritmasında proje faaliyetlerine üçgen bulanık süreler atanarak ve doğrusal programlama modeli kullanılarak hesaplanırken, ikinci çözüm algoritmasında bulanık proje süresi ve kritik yol Alfa kesme yöntemi (α -Kesme Yöntemi) kullanılarak hesaplanmış ve daha sonra Centroid yöntemi (Alanların Merkezi Yöntemi) kullanılarak netleştirilmiştir. Bu proje için kritik yol ve tamamlanma süresi önceden bilindiğinden, iki çözüm algoritması karşılaştırılmıştır. Kritik yol yöntemi yerine Bulanık kritik yol yönteminin kullanılmasının bu çalışmanın önemini vurgulayacağı umulmaktadır.

Activity Overlapping Technique for Early Completion of Construction Project

Abstract: An effective and well-known method for the early completion of construction projects is the overlap of the project’s critical activities or phases that would normally be carried out in sequence. The overlapping technique reduces the project completion time with a minimum cost overrun. Overlapping is also called a fast-tracking mechanism. It is risky because it increases the probability of rework resulting in increasing the cost of the project. The Overlapping in construction projects must be carried out effectively because each pair of activities cannot overlap, since some previous activities may not allow overlap due to maximum rework. Various overlapping strategies exist in a construction project which all can result in time-saving. so, the cost of these strategies varies significantly depending on the overall Rework. A favorable overlapping strategy leads to minimal time savings costs. To find such a strategy, the question arises: “Which activities have to be overlapped and to what extent to reduce the project duration at the minimum cost?” This study addresses the question and generates an Overlapping Decision algorithm.

ANALYSIS OF COMPARISON OF CERAMIC FLOOR INSTALLATION PRODUCTIVITY AND WAGE COST BASED ON LABOR COMPOSITION

Completion time of construction project that consist of many work items should not exceeds the given time requirement and the cost should not exceeds the planned budget. This study analyzed a work item that is floor ceramic installation by acquiring the comparison of labor productivity and the comparison of wage cost based on different labor compositions. Out of the three (3) studied labor compositions in floor ceramic installation, the composition that consist of 2(two) masons and 2(two) journeymen produces the highest productivity that is 1,73 m2 and based on the productivity the incurred wage cost, composition 2(two) is the cheapest with IDR. 9.046,-/m2.

Utilization of fuzzy critical path method and fuzzy program evaluation and review technique for building a hydroelectric power station

In this paper, fuzzy critical path method and fuzzy program evaluation and review technique are used to calculate the earliest project completion time for constructing a hydroelectric power plant project. Fuzzy trapezoidal numbers are used to estimate the activity time and determine the range of pessimistic to optimistic variation of time. Furthermore, the minimum and maximum times of project completion duration were calculated by using arithmetic operations and ranking of fuzzy trapezoidal numbers. These hybrid methods are able to deal with the limitations associated with classical critical path method and program evaluation and review technique. The fuzzy techniques were applied to network activities in a manner similar to the classical methods for optimizing the project completion duration, thereby minimizing the cost of the project. Analysis was carried out to determine the critical path through the use of fuzzy critical path method. The fuzzy program evaluation and review technique was also used to determine the probability of completing the project at a scheduled time. These two methods were then compared and the most probable scenarios were analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that fuzzy program evaluation and review technique is better than fuzzy critical path method and more efficient in terms of early project completion time.

IMPROVEMENT OF DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE IN CRITICAL PATH METHOD USING Z NUMBER

Recently, Z-number has been introduced by Zadeh to model fuzzy numbers with a degree of confidence. Linguistic decision-making problems can be easily and effectively handled using it. In this work, we have tried to propose a new methodology for estimating the expected project completion time under an uncertain environment of Z-number. KEYWORDS: Algorithm, Machine Learning, z number

PENERAPAN METODE EARNED VALUE ANALYSIS MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE PRIMAVERA PROJECT PLANNER PADA PEMBANGUNAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH

<em>PT Gasd Geosby Indonesia is a company engaged in environmental services and construction. PT Gasd Geosby Indonesia is handling a Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPAL) construction project in Cikarang for an industrial company. The project experienced delays due to several factors supporting activities. Factors that can affect delays include people, materials, costs, and the tools used. Delay cannot be avoided but can be controlled. One form of project control is to calculate the project completion time and the amount of costs that will be incurred until the project is completed. One of the methods used to estimate the time and cost of the project according to the budget according to the work that has been completed is Earned Value Analysis (EVA). The result of data processing using the Primavera application is Estimate At Completion (EAC) in the 4th week of Rp. 185.682.084, the estimated cost is greater than the project planning cost of Rp. Rp. 147.794.994 if the trend of project implementation during the visit did not change until the end of implementation. From the data obtained based on the results of the field visit at week 4, the estimated completion of the project for 43 days or 14 days from the last day of visit was </em><em>obtained</em><em>.</em>

Forecasting Project Duration in the Face of Disruptive Events: A Resource-Based Approach

Disruptive events are the main source of delays in projects. A key task for construction managers is to revise the project schedule plan based on time delays caused by these events. Consequently, project management research has developed various forecasting methods to evaluate the prospective impact of disruptive events on project completion time. This article tackles three shortcomings of the available forecasting methods: (1) the extrapolative and judgmental nature of these methods, (2) the lack of an explicit focus on project resources, and (3) the lack of attention to the disproportionate impact of disruptive events on project resources. The method developed in this study takes into account the detrimental effects of disruptive events on project resources in the case where there is no historical precedence. In this method, project resources are first mapped into reliability block diagrams (RBDs) to develop a stochastic variable that reflects the impact of resource shortages on project activity. A Monte Carlo simulation analysis is performed to simulate the uncertainty in acquiring resources during disruptions. The impact of resource shortages on the completion time of project activity is then quantified by means of the stochastic variable developed in the first step. The proposed method is demonstrated in a real-life construction project. The validation results prove the better performance of the new method in forecasting time delays caused by unexpected events compared to the existing methods. The proposed method assists construction managers in revising project schedule plans and provides benefits in framing and solving problems that arise when disruptions occur.

Analisis Network Planning Dan Crash Program Pada Proyek Pembangunan Rumah Susun Yayasan Pondok Modern Al Kautsar

The cause of project delays in terms of planning and scheduling is the management aspect. To avoid project delays, Yayasan Pondok Modern Al Kautsar development project was delayed due to lack of manpower, changes in work items, and difficulty getting into the project so that one alternative was needed, namely analysis of Network Planning with Critical Path Method (CPM), Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Crash Program. Alternatives are the increase in the amount of labor to get maximum acceleration and the addition of alternative minimum costs. Implementation of acceleration with Critical Path Method (CPM), Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Crash Program and using Micorosft Project 2019 software to facilitate in analyzing Network Diagrams and determining critical trajectories. The alternative goal is to find out how many days the project schedule can be accelerated and the cost of acceleration. The initial planning of the project was carried out for 198 days at a cost of Rp. The 6.738.000.841,66. most optimal alternative is Crash Program 2 with a maximum acceleration increase of 2 days with a project completion time of 196 days with an acceleration cost of Rp. 59,580,000.

Identifying Key Risk Factors in Product Development Projects

In a rapidly changing world, most operational processes of enterprises are conducted in the form of development projects. The development of new products is an important organizational strategy to meet consumer needs. During this process, enterprises often encounter many bottlenecks and risks that can cause delays in, and even the failure of, development projects. In this study, we developed a research framework based on relevant literature and expert interviews and then used the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and the analytic network process (ANP) to determine the relationships among and the importance of risks in the development of new products. The results of a case study show that the six key risks of product development projects include project completion time, mastery of key technical capabilities, controlling the progress of the project, uniqueness and complexity of the project, ability to control the market, and functional integrity of the product. According to the results of importance performance analysis, six key factors were classified in the concentrate quadrant. The optoelectronic manufacturing industry should focus on reducing risks to the project. A cause-and-effect diagram shows that if an enterprise wants to improve performance in terms of these key factors, it should first improve the project completion time or the mastery of key technical capabilities. Therefore, it is appropriate to start by improving the project completion time. In this study, we developed a practical and simple decision support system that allows managers of research and development to examine the risk of projects and assess the relevant risks. A case study was also conducted to test the accuracy of the proposed risk-management method.

Developing a Model for Assessing Project Completion Time Reliability during Construction Using Time-Dependent Reliability Theory

Developing a Model for Assessing Project Completion Time Reliability during Construction Using Time-Dependent Reliability Theory

Multiobjective Project Scheduling with Multiple Compression Capabilities of the Multistate Activities with Project Reliability Approach using the Metaheuristic Algorithm

We examine the time-cost-reliability-project balance of the project by considering the limitations of renewable and nonrenewable resources and performing multistate group activities in the same conditions and with the possibility of multiple compression activities. This study aimed to select the best mode for conducting actions in each subset and find the best execution method by determining the number of compression time units of actions to maximize project reliability and minimize project completion risk, time, and cost. Drilling projects will also be implemented for evaluation in the Azar oil field. The exact Epsilon Limitation method was used to solve this problem in low dimensions. The combined genetic metaheuristic algorithm and particle swarming were used to solve high dimensions problems. The low-dimensional Epsilon solution method could clearly balance the objective functions. Also, the Taguchi experimental design method was used to adjust the parameters of the problem algorithm. The correct value of the algorithm parameters is also specified. Based on the results, the hybrid metaheuristic algorithm has less solution time than the exact method. In high dimensions, as it was observed, GAMS software could not solve the problem. Still, the hybrid metaheuristic algorithm solved the problem well in high dimensions.

ANALISIS PENYIMPANGAN ANGGARAN PROYEK MENGGUNAKAN PERT DAN CPM (STUDI KASUS PADA PT ARION INTAN JAYA)

This study aims to analyze the causes of deviations in the project budget of Rp. 103,249,432.15 and the delay of time for 2 weeks in the clean water pipe installation project in Aek Najaji Village, Padang Sidempuan Batunadua District. This research was conducted at PT Arion Intan Jaya for the period March-July 2019. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis technique using Planning, Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM). The results showed that the high budget deviations and project time delays occurred due to rocky soil excavation activities, HDPE pipe installation and pipe stockpiling carried out per kilometer, from KM-1 to KM 6.5. The sequence of activities that are not suitable, causes a waste of time and variable labor costs as well as fixed costs. The total budget allocated for manpower is Rp. 456,435,000.00 for an implementation period of 150 days and the total realized labor cost is Rp. 522,745,000.00 with a project completion time of 164 days. If a review of critical activities is carried out using PERT and CPM, the project completion time changes to 96 days with a total cost of Rp. 413,760,000.00. So there is a decrease in the budget of Rp. 42,675,000.00.

Evaluation of Different Kinds of Formwork Systems in Indian Construction Industry

In the construction industry, formwork plays a critical role in the construction of cast in situ reinforced concrete structures. Due to the rapid growth of the Indian economy, population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, the demand for housing and other built structures is increasing. To meet these requirements, quick construction is needed with less project completion time. The conventional system of formwork comprises nearly 50% of the total project completion time. Wastage and labour requirement is also high in conventional formwork systems. So, the use of modern formwork systems like aluminium formwork, tunnel formwork, etc., is increasing in the Indian construction industry. This paper aims to discuss and evaluate the various formwork systems available, and to show their impact on project duration, cost, quality, cycle-time, number of repetitions, labour requirements. Through literature review, data about various formwork systems available all over the world are collected. The current practices in India are known from various stakeholders through a questionnaire survey. Data analysis will be done using the data collected from the literature review and the questionnaire survey. The research will highlight the benefits and comparison of various types of formworks in terms of project duration, cost, quality, cycle-time, number of repetitions, labour requirements. This study concluded that implementing the modern formwork systems will improve the quality, safety, efficiency and minimise the cost and waste in construction. Keywords: Conventional formwork; Modern formwork systems; fast-track construction; Comparison; Indian construction sector.

Adopting a Method for Calculating the Impact of Change Orders on the Time it Takes to Complete Bridge Projects

If the employer believes that changing the shape, quality, or quantity of the work or some part of it is appropriate, he has the authority to order the contractor to do so. These instructions would extend the time it takes to accomplish the task and, as a result, the project's completion time. In the majority of situations, the employer and the contractor couldn't agree on how to compute the extra time the contractor was provided as a result of change orders. The aim of this research is to find a mechanism to determine the additional time required to carry out these works, which will vary based on the type of work, the increase in quantity for any work within the contract, etc.. Modify the nature, quality or type of any work, change the levels, lines, position and dimensions of any part of the work, and perform any additional work necessary to finish the works. A field visit and survey will be conducted on the various bridge projects as part of the research to determine the types of change orders and the additional time required for each of them, in addition to the most important reasons for not using the relative change length and how each project differs from the other. Mathematical software can be enhanced to reliably calculate the additional time for each form of change order. Most of the works expected to appear in variation order are steel and concrete works, and asphalt cladding works, with a frequency of each of them (25 percent), followed by excavation works, which have a frequency of (16.66 percent) in bridge projects.

Impact of Construction Delay-Controlling Parameters on Project Schedule: DEMATEL-System Dynamics Modeling Approach

Project delay has been a phenomenon contending with the construction sector opposing time, cost, and quality. This study develops a model, which is a combination of two mathematical decision-making methods DEMATEL and system dynamics modeling, to investigate the impact of the factors on the entire project schedule. The simulation results reveal the importance of minimizing design error to reduce the project delay at the beginning (or preconstruction stage) of the project. Rework, design changes, and change orders must also be closely monitored during the construction to ensure work productivity and on-time project completion. The results also reveal that experienced designers and the use of updated design technology help reduce design errors, thus enhancing work performance in the long term. As shown in the simulation results, the actual project completion time and magnitude of delay steadily reduce with the project series. This explains the fact that the more the consistency and effectiveness in handling the delay factors as similar projects are performed in turns, the better the project performance in terms of time. Therefore, careful consideration of the delay factors reduces the time lag and delay magnitude in construction projects. Other improvements, such as effective supervision during construction which is a function of experienced supervisors, good project management, and cooperation among key stakeholders, including owners, consultants, and contractors, also assist in reducing the construction delay in the long term.