Project Completion Time Research Articles

A trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy optimization approach for crashing a budget constrained project

While the classical fuzzy applications have gained popularity in many different areas, intuitionistic fuzzy set theory emerged as an advancement to better identify various complex circumstances such as the hesitancy of a decision maker under uncertainty. In this study, we propose a project scheduling model in which the allocated budget for crashing is treated as an intuitionistic fuzzy number. With the intuitionistic fuzzy approach, the uncertainty inherent in the project completion time as well as the hesitancy of a decision maker in using the budget amount are integrated into decision making process. The proposed model numerically provides more information than that of the classical ones and better represents the complexity of decision making related to time and cost in project management. Decision makers are provided not only with an optimal schedule but also with a determined degree of satisfaction/dissatisfaction related to the budget and project completion time. Our experimental results show that the decision makers can substantially save money with some delays in the project completion time. Thus, a broader perspective encompassing the satisfaction/dissatisfaction level of a decision maker is presented to schedule a project under uncertain conditions.

Simulation-based comparison of push- and pull-based planning in panelized construction

Offsite construction involves the prefabrication of construction components in a factory environment, followed by transportation to the construction site for assembly. In planning the sequences for construction tasks, a push approach can maximize the offsite manufacturing capacity, while a pull approach can achieve just-in-time delivery. Both approaches need to consider the logical constraints and resources of offsite construction processes. This complexity fuels a debate of the effectiveness of push- and pull-based planning, highlighting the necessity to study the impacts of these approaches on planning. This study utilizes Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) and Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) approaches to compare planning outcomes for offsite construction. The results demonstrate that the pull-based planning approach resulted in an overall 12.6% reduction in project completion time and an 80.3% reduction in product waiting time, demonstrating pull-based planning as a more efficient solution for offsite construction planning.

A Analysis of Time and Cost Optimization in Building Contruction Using Time Cost Trade Off Method

The construction of both buildings and roads has several success factors. One of the influencing factors is the timely completion of the project and the costs incurred in accordance with the Budget Plan (RAB) that was prepared during planning. Many projects experience problems with delays in completion time, if the project is completed late then they will be subject to fines. So it is necessary to carry out appropriate calculations so that construction implementation can proceed based on the initial planning. For this reason, this research was carried out by analyzing time and cost optimization using one method, namely Time Cost Trade Off, by calculating the fastest implementation time and the minimum costs incurred. The results obtained from this research are that, by increasing the working hours by 1 hour, the project duration is reduced to 106 days and the cost decreases to Rp. 2,722,750,086, 05. Meanwhile, if workers are added equivalent to an additional 1 hour of working hours, the project duration is reduced to 106 days and costs also decrease to Rp. 2,720,684,806.69. For additional working hours of 3 hours, the project duration becomes 59 days and the cost becomes Rp. 2,552,212,214, 71. Meanwhile, if you add workers equivalent to adding 3 hours of work, the project duration will be 59 days, but the cost will decrease to Rp. 2,545,208,046.33. It can be concluded from this research that by speeding up the project completion time, total costs will decrease and it is most efficient to increase labor rather than increase working hours (overtime). This is done so that the project does not experience delays and incur fines.

Lean Construction Practice on Toll Road Project Improvement: A Case Study in Developing Country

Construction is a crucial industry that drives a nation's economic growth, yet it often faces inherent challenges related to productivity and waste generation. Lean Construction (LC) has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges. However, despite its success in various construction projects, some gaps in the practical adoption of LC hinder its widespread practitioner uptake. Therefore, to close the gap, the objective of this study is threefold: identify waste factors of construction activities, determine suitable lean tools for project performance improvement, and assess the impacts of the implementation of lean tools on project completion time and costs. A toll road project in Indonesia was investigated as the case study. A combined research method was employed by administering a questionnaire survey to pertinent project participants, conducting in-depth interviews, and analyzing relevant documents to achieve these objectives. This study discovered 15 non-value-added (NVA) activities that can be eliminated to enhance overall project performance. Most of these activities can be accommodated using coordination and collaboration, while some require a more comprehensive approach, including standardization, the Five S, crash programs, and overlapping techniques. Implementing lean tools resulted in a 19.17% reduction in project completion time, although it contributed to a 5.33% decrease in organizational profit compared to traditional approaches. The findings of this study hold the potential to benefit those facing similar issues, not only in emerging countries but also in developed economies grappling with similar contexts. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-016 Full Text: PDF

Simulating the Software Development Lifecycle: The Waterfall Model

This study employs a simulation-based approach, adapting the waterfall model, to provide estimates for software project and individual phase completion times. Additionally, it pinpoints potential efficiency issues stemming from suboptimal resource levels. We implement our software development lifecycle simulation using SimPy, a Python discrete-event simulation framework. Our model is executed within the context of a software house on 100 projects of varying sizes examining two scenarios. The first provides insight based on an initial set of resources, which reveals the presence of resource bottlenecks, particularly a shortage of programmers for the implementation phase. The second scenario uses a level of resources that would achieve zero-wait time, identified using a stepwise algorithm. The findings illustrate the advantage of using simulations as a safe and effective way to experiment and plan for software development projects. Such simulations allow those managing software development projects to make accurate, evidence-based projections as to phase and project completion times as well as explore the interplay with resources.

Acceleration Strategy of Ship Reparation Project Using the Ranked Positions Weight Method: Comparative Evaluation Between Adding Manpower and Work Time

Delays in settlement of a ship repair project in an Indonesian shipyard are still common, resulting in a schedule that cannot be carried out according to the contract schedule. This study investigates the acceleration duration by calculating the track balance using the Ranked Positions Weight Method (RPWM), used within the scheduling system to obtain a balanced schedule arrangement with an even distribution of labor resources or manpower. This method is used to solve the MT Poka Jo (IMO: 9918119) ship repair's acceleration of duration analysis at the Tegal shipyard in Indonesia. The study aims to achieve efficient project scheduling by reducing project completion time and cost-effectiveness. The analysis was performed to assess the amount of labor produced, network diagram, critical track, balance of the critical track, acceleration of the project's duration, increase in labor, and additional working hours (overtime). The network diagram, which comprises 18 tasks on the important track, has a tracking efficiency of 98% after one day, according to the findings. The addition of labor of 10% could reduce the duration of the project up to 16.92% from 65 days to 54 days, with an increase of cost of 3.83% from the initial condition total cost (from US$ 706.62 to US$ 733.7). On the other hand, with the addition of 3 working hours, a duration acceleration of 10.77% from 65 days to 58 days, with an increasing cost of 59.35% (from US$ 706.62 to US$ 1,126.02) can be obtained. As a result, the increase in labor could be a valuable reference for shipyard personnel to anticipate project completion delays.

Evaluasi Perencanaan Proyek Pembangunan SDS X Menggunakan Network Diagram dan Crashing Project Guna Mengoptimalkan Waktu Dan Biaya Proyek

The research focuses on evaluating the project time planning to know exactly when the project will be completed, the estimated budget to be spent, using the CPM and PERT methods to carry out an analysis of the SDS X Development Project Planning Evaluation. The results are with the CPM and PERT methods, the project's critical path is found in activities A – D – E – F – G – H – I – L – M – N with a project completion time using the CPM method is 52 days, while for the PERT method the project completion time is 54 days with a great chance of completing project work of 99, 94%. As for the results of the evaluation of cost planning using the crashing project method, it was found that there was an increase in costs of Rp. 6,902,000. So that the normal cost of a development project which is IDR 372,126.00 becomes IDR 379,028,000

Studi Perencanaan Pipa Penstock Pada Pembangunan PLTA Poso

Development of water through the construction of dams where development has a goal to improve the quality of all aspects of people's lives, namely social, cultural and economic aspects in order to realize social welfare. The implementation of a dam construction project that requires more expertise to complete the final work, always requires a project completion time and that has been specified in the work contract. The active role of management is one of the main keys to the success of project management in achieving targets in terms of cost, quality and time. In the construction of this dam requires an implementation method which includes: preparatory work (land clearing and stripping, mobilization, work roads, making board directors, and project nameplates, building facilities and infrastructure for office buildings, workshop warehouses, and providing clean water and lighting, and connecting roads from the highway to the project site.), construction of evasion channels, excavation of soil and used to make upstream and downstream cofferdams. The Poso River that flows from Lake Poso to generate electricity With an average discharge of 148 m3 per second, its energy potential is enormous. PT Poso Energy has 3 concessions for hydroelectric power plants on the river with a total of 600 MW

Multi-skill resource-constrained project scheduling problem considering overlapping: fuzzy multi-objective programming approach to a case study

Resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) is a broadly researched issue in the literature. The purpose of the classic form of the problem is scheduling a set of activities considering resource and precedence constraints for minimizing the project completion time. Companies mostly deal with the issue of properly assigning multi-skilled workforces and maintaining the needed skill levels while implementing projects. In this study, a novel MILP model with three objectives is presented to tackle multi-skill RCPSP (MS-RCPSP). This study concentrates on minimizing project makespan, minimizing resource costs as well as tardiness costs, and maximizing quality under uncertainty. However, the standard MS-RCPSP is not able to consider several practical engineering requirements owing to its narrow assumptions. Therefore, key assumptions including overlap between activities, tardiness penalties of activities and the rework duration concept for activities in this model are considered. Due to the complexity of the real world, interval valued fuzzy numbers are taken into account for some of the problem’s parameters. The efficiency of the proposed mathematical framework is represented using both a real case study to construct a railway bridge with 34 activities and large-size problem instances from MMLIB (MM50 and MM100). Since this model is multi-objective, a new extended IVF-ABS approach is presented in this study. Finally, the proposed approach is compared with two methods, namely SO and ABS, from the literature.

Embedding extreme events to mine project planning: Implications on cost, time, and disclosure standards

Extreme events, characterized as infrequent and catastrophic occurrences, can present significant challenges in various industries. These events can be associated with earthquakes, landslides, hurricanes, floods, rainfalls, and wildfires. The mining industry is also highly vulnerable to extreme events because it threats operation sustainability, employees' safety, and environmental compliance. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of earthquakes in a mining area and evaluates their impacts on a mining operation through a case study based on a mine construction project. To this end, Extreme Value Theory (EVT) using both the Block Maxima (BM) and Peaks Over Threshold (POT) methods was employed to analyze the historical earthquake data and estimate the return levels corresponding to the planned mine project completion time. Furthermore, a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model was developed to perform a comprehensive risk assessment, allowing for a detailed examination of the potential consequences that a specified magnitude earthquake could have on the project's cost and duration. 1000 earthquake scenarios for the period covering the project life were generated for a thorough risk assessment. The case study focused on a hypothetical open pit mine construction project located in the province of British Columbia, Canada. Historical earthquake data specific to the selected region were analyzed, and the potential consequences of earthquakes on the project were evaluated. According to the results, the return level of 4.7 ML earthquake was obtained corresponding to the return period defined as the planned project completion time. In the event of an earthquake with this specified magnitude, simulation results revealed that there is a 95% probability that the project will experience a delay of at least 6.28% of the project completion time, ultimately leading to project costs exceeding the normal project cost by a minimum of 4.85%. The study highlights the importance of considering extreme natural events, such as earthquakes, in mining project planning and risk mitigation. The results provide valuable insights into the likelihood and potential consequences of earthquakes, contributing to better risk assessment, strategic planning, informed decision-making, and improved project management practices in the mining industry.

An optimization model for energy project scheduling problem with cost-risk-quality-social consideration trade-off under uncertainty: A real-world application

To complete a successful energy project, all aspects and criteria which can influence the project should be considered. Classic time-cost trade-off (TCT) is used when the completion time of project is not acceptable for customers or top managers. This paper proposes a new cost-risk-quality-social consideration trade-off (CRQST) model for energy projects in a time-constrained problem for achieving specified due date under uncertainty. Moreover, a new comprehensive definition of risk criterion is proposed, and a novel approach for the quality criterion of project based on the dependence of the quality of activities with each other is presented. The internal and external environment of the energy project are considered simultaneously and a new criterion in TCT problem, called social consideration criterion, is introduced. A developed fuzzy augmented ε-constraint method is introduced for the presented multi-objective model to generate Pareto-optimal solutions. To depict the accuracy of results, the proposed model is solved by goal attainment method, and the results of two methods are compared. As a case study, a real oil and gas project is presented, and results show that the proposed method enables managers to effectively handle construction projects in real-world uncertain environments.

Optimization of Resource Allocation and Task Allocation with Project Management Information Systems in Information Technology Companies

This study proposes a novel approach to designing an integrated Resource Allocation and Task Allocation Optimization System (RATAOS) using Enterprise Architecture (EA) to improve project management efficiency. The proposed approach integrates Project Management Information System (PMIS) with an optimization system designed using a random forest model and Natural Language Programming (NLP). The integrated system optimizes resource and task allocation, reducing operational costs by 14% and planning phases by 88.7%. Project completion time increased by 50.80%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the integrated system. The purpose of this study is to find a solution for PMIS to be used as an automatic data-driven Resource and Task Allocation Optimization System. The technique used in this study is service integration between the existing PMIS with the Resource and Task Allocation Optimization System.

Pengendalian Waktu dan Biaya dengan Metode Earned Value Analysis (Studi Kasus: Rekonstruksi Jalan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara)

This research aims to describe the effect of changing control of the reconstruction on Sangasanga-Dondang road, Kutai Kartanegara Regency that have an impact on the time and cost. The length of the road is ± 18.02 km, starting from the intersection of three Sanga Sanga sub-districts and ending at the Dondang Bridge. The road often receives traffic loads from light vehicles and heavy vehicles. This disrupted the stability of the road structure so that some of the road segments experienced structural damage.This research used Earned Value Analysis (EVA), this method used three paramaters, namely Planned Value (PV), Earned Value (EV), and Actual Cost (AC). Based on analysis that had been done when a deviation occurs at estimate the project completion time for 36 weeks. From the parameters, the result obtained were earned value analysis was carried out in 2 weeks with BCWS value of Rp. 73,628,055.56, BCWP value of Rp. 214,691,666.67, and the ACWP value is Rp. 15,099,335,843.68.

Analisis Penjadwalan Proyek Dengan Program Microsoft Project 2019 (Studi Kasus Proyek Pembangunan Ruang Pelayanan dan Business Centre di SMK Muhammadiyah Kawali)

In the construction of a construction project, of course, there is a scheduling of a project. In practice, sometimes these two things deviate from what has been planned, so it is necessary to control and manage a project. In addition to being seen from the quality, the success of a project can also be seen in terms of time control. The CPM method can be used to manage project completion times more efficiently and effectively. The tools for operating this method are with the Microsoft Project program. Data analysis for the CPM method is to analyze which activities are included in the critical path in order to obtain the optimal duration. In this study, the duration of the project was 182 days. After analyzing the calculations, the duration of the project activities using the CPM method and the Microsoft Project program was found for 181 days.

Analisa Percepatan Proyek Pembuatan Mesin Grinding Cat Dengan Time Cost Trade Off Method (Studi Kasus : PT TDI Sidoarjo)

The case study in this research is a project to manufacture a paint paste grinding machine at PT Pabrik Cat Tunggal Djaja Indah. In its implementation, this project is considered to have a delay of 2 weeks, with a total project completion time of 120 days, so project acceleration is needed. The scheduling method is carried out using PDM (Precendence Diagram Method) with the help of Microsoft Project 2016 software to find the critical path, then after knowing the critical activities, crashing is carried out with the alternative of adding working hours or overtime and adding optimum workers. The Time Cost Trade Off method will analyze the time after crashing. The optimal duration to complete this project is 107 days with an acceleration of 13 working days with a percentage of 10.38% and an optimal total cost of Rp 262,947,693 with a cost efficiency of 3.56%.

Understanding requirements dependency in requirements prioritization: a systematic literature review

Requirement prioritization (RP) is a crucial task in managing requirements as it determines the order of implementation and, thus, the delivery of a software system. Improper RP may cause software project failures due to over budget and schedule as well as a low-quality product. Several factors influence RP. One of which is requirements dependency. Handling inappropriate handling of requirements dependencies can lead to software development failures. If a requirement that serves as a prerequisite for other requirements is given low priority, it affects the overall project completion time. Despite its importance, little is known about requirements dependency in RP, particularly its impacts, types, and techniques. This study, therefore, aims to understand the phenomenon by analyzing the existing literature. It addresses three objectives, namely, to investigate the impacts of requirements dependency on RP, to identify different types of requirements dependency, and to discover the techniques used for requirements dependency problems in RP. To fulfill the objectives, this study adopts the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Applying the SLR protocol, this study selected forty primary articles, which comprise 58% journal papers, 32% conference proceedings, and 10% book sections. The results of data synthesis indicate that requirements dependency has significant impacts on RP, and there are a number of requirements dependency types as well as techniques for addressing requirements dependency problems in RP. This research discovered various techniques employed, including the use of Graphs for RD visualization, Machine Learning for handling large-scale RP, decision making for multi-criteria handling, and optimization techniques utilizing evolutionary algorithms. The study also reveals that the existing techniques have encountered serious limitations in terms of scalability, time consumption, interdependencies of requirements, and limited types of requirement dependencies.

Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Efficiency and Growth Potential (A Case of Pakistan and China)

The current study undertakes an empirical investigation aiming to find out how ecological, economic and environmental factors, such as energy consumption, GDP growth rate, and ecological footprint per person, influence CO2 emission in the CPEC region. The study relies on the panel data series for Pakistan and China over the period of 1980-2030, because the year 2030 is the most probable time of the CPEC project completion. The forecasted values of the respective factors with possible influence of CPEC projects assisted the authors in gaining a clearer picture of their interrelationship. According to regression results, energy consumption and production have been significant positive determinants of CO2 emission, while energy intensity has had a considerable negative impact on this emission. Among economic factors, the dynamics of GDP, GPI, per capita income, HDI, unemployment rate, and GINI coefficient are found to have made a positive impact on CO2 emission; as to GDP growth, the regression unexpectedly showed its insignificant negative impact. Among ecological factors, the expenditures on environmental protection appear to be negative determinants of CO2 emission, while environmental footprint and costs of elimination of natural disasters positively impact the CO2 emission. The mediation analysis showed that the population growth would be the key factor of influence on CO2 emission. It is therefore recommended that, being a developing economy, Pakistan should reconsider its strategies towards CPEC projects, especially those involving coal energy production which may accelerate the CO2 emission in the country and lead to additional costs in terms of natural hazards and climate change.

Building networks: Investigating the quid pro quo between local politicians & developers

Mutually beneficial arrangements between politicians and real estate developers are common in many developing countries. We document what happens when the politician-developer nexus is disrupted by an election. We construct a novel dataset of real estate projects and electoral constituencies in Mumbai’s municipal government. We find that an incumbent party losing the election increases real estate project completion times by 5%. We find no effect of quasi-random redistricting or changes in voter preferences on project delays. We investigate two mechanisms for the slowdown associated with party turnover — delays in construction approvals around the time of the election and increase in litigation against projects after the election. While we see no rise in litigation, we find that delayed approvals near an election explain 23% of the increased total delays due to party change.

Analisis Penjadwalan Proyek Menggunakan Critical Path Method (CPM) Studi Kasus pada Pembangunan Gapura Taman Hutan Lindung Kota Langsa

Scheduling is an important thing to do when completing a project. But sometimes the implementation deviates from the plan, so it is necessary to supervise and control the project so that the completion of the project is not delayed. Such was the case with the Langsa City Forest Park gate construction project where the completion of this project was pushed back a few days from scheduled. Delays occur due to hampered availability of materials needed, as well as weather and field conditions. So thatthis research was carried out with the aim of knowing the project control method in the Langsa City Forest Park gate construction project and to find out the comparison of project completion time using the CPM method with the Bar Chart method used by CV. Mechanical Structure. This study uses CPM (Critical Path Method) to determine network planning, critical activities, and critical paths, as well as analyze the optimal duration and cost needed for the Langsa City Forest Park gate construction project to avoid delays. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, direct observation, and documentation. In this study, it is known that the normal duration of the project is 21 weeks with a total cost of Rp 1,223,049,144.00. After using the CPM method, it is known that the critical path lies in activities A–C–E–G–H–I–J–K. The project can be completed with a duration of 11 weeks and costs Rp 1,488,737,722.90

Probabilistic Scheduling Based On Hybrid Bayesian Network–Program Evaluation Review Technique,

Project scheduling based on probabilistic methods commonly uses the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT). However, practitioners do not widely utilize PERT-based scheduling due to the difficulty in obtaining historical data for similar projects. PERT has several drawbacks, such as the inability to update activity dura- tions in real time. In reality, changes in project conditions related to resources have a highly dynamic nature. The availability of materials, fluctuating labor productiv- ity, and equipment significantly determine the project completion time. This research aims to propose a probabilistic scheduling model based on the Hybrid Bayesian Network-PERT. This model combines PERT with Bayesian Network (BN). BN is used to accommodate real-time changes in resource conditions. The modeling of BN diagrams and variables is obtained through an in-depth literature review, direct field observations, and distributing questionnaires to experts in project scheduling. The model is validated by applying the proposed model to a 60 m concrete bridge construction project in Indonesia. The simulation results of the proposed model are then compared with the case study project to assess the model’s accuracy. The result of the study shows that the proposed hybrid Bayesian-PERT model is accurate and can eliminate the weaknesses of the PERT method. Besides being able to provide an accurate prediction of project completion time (93.4%), this model can also be updated in real-time according to the actual condition of the project