Completely Randomized Design Method Research Articles

ANALISIS KOMPOS AMPAS TEBU DENGAN PERBEDAAN PENGECILAN UKURAN BAHAN BAKU DAN JENIS BIOAKTIVATOR

Sugarcane Bagasse is one of the wastes come out from the sugarcane water milling which is currently very much and very abundant in Pidie. Since this garbage cannot naturally disintegrate, it might harm the environment. One way to manage the sugarcane bagasse is by processing become compost. This study examined the results of sugarcane bagasse composting by using a reduction treatment in material size and the addition of several types of bioactivators that aim to accelerate the composting process and obtain the results that fulfil the requirements qualified. This study compraised of two factors, namely the reduction of size material factor and the type of bioactivator factor by using the Completely Randomized Design method. The results showed that the lowest value of C-Organic was obtained in the milling treatment and Orgadec bioactivator, N-total was obtained from manual counting treatment and MA11 bioactivator, the best C/N ratio was obtained in the milling treatment and Orgadec bioactivator, also the highest organic matter value was obtained in manual counting and EM4 bioactivator. Keywords : Compost, Sugarcane Bagasse, EM4, MA11, Orgadec

Pengaruh Pemberian Dosis Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Dua Varietas Kelapa Sawit di Pembibitan Awal

This study aims to determine the best dose of mycorrhizal biological fertilizer for palm oil seedling growth of DxP Simalungun and DxP Sriwijaya 2 varieties in the pre-nursery stage. This research was carried out by the shade house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, from October 2020 to January 2021. The study used the Completely Randomized Design method consisting of eight treatments and four replications, in which there were three plants in each experimental unit. The treatment provided consists of A (Simalungun without mycorrhizal), B (Simalungun given 5 g of mycorrhizal), C (Simalungun given 10 g of mycorrhizal), D (Simalungun given 15 g of mycorrhizal), E (Sriwijaya 2 without mycorrhizal), F (Sriwijaya 2 given 5 g of mycorrhizal), G (Sriwijaya 2 given 10 g of mycorrhizal), and H (Sriwijaya 2 was given 15 g of mycorrhizal). The results showed that the treatment of mycorrhizal biofertilizer with a dose of 5 g is the best treatment to the height of seedlings, the number of leaves, the leaf greenness index, the total leaf area, the diameter of the seedlings, the number of roots, the length of roots, and the dry weight of seedlings. The Sriwijaya 2 variety is more responsive to the provision of mycorrhizal biofertilizers.

Pemanfaatan Kapang Pelapuk Kayu (KPK) Indigenous Mycelioptora thermophilia KLUM1 Untuk Pengolahan Limbah Rumput Taman Sebagai Pakan Ternak

Axonopus compressus as garden waste has the potential to become forage for livestock if it is processed by reducing its lignin content. Lignin is an anti-nutritional substance in animal feed whose presence can reduce the digestibility of feed nutrients. Mycelioptora thermophilia KLUM1 produces ligninase which can degrade lignin. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of fermentation time and the number of spores of the Mycelioptora thermophilia KLUM1 on the levels of lignin, crude fat, and crude protein of Axonopus compressus. This research is a laboratory experimental study using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method, the first factor is fermentation time (14, and 21 days) and the second factor is the number of spores (1,72 x 107 , 4,29 x 107 , and 8,59 x 107 cells). The results showed that the best conditions for the levels of lignin and crude fat in this study were 8.59 x 107 cells for 21 days with a lignin content of 9.98% ± 0.23 and crude fat content of 3.43% ± 0 .04, while the best condition for crude protein content was 1.72 x 107 cells for 14 days of 11.64% ± 0.18.

Efektivitas Proporsi Bunga Dan Pembuangan Mahkota Bunga Betina Terhadap Produksi Benih Mentimun Jepang Di Dalam Greenhouse

Japanese cucumber or Kyuri is a highly demanded agricultural product because of its high economic value and unique characteristics compared to local cucumbers. One of the methods to increase the production of Japanese cucumber seed is by improving the cultivation techniques of the seed producers. Some of those cultivation techniques are flower proportion and female flower petals castration. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of flower proportion and female flower petals castration on the production of Japanese cucumber seed in greenhouses. This study used a factorial CRD (Completely Randomized Design) method by employing two treatments, namely the flower proportion P1 (1♂ : 2♀), P2 (1♂ : 1♀), and P3 (2♂ : 1♀); and female flower petals plucking K1 (without petal) and K2 (with petal). Each of these treatments was repeated four times. The results showed no interaction between the treatment of flower proportions (P) and female flower petals castration (K). The proportion treatment of P3 showed very significantly different results in the parameters of the seed numbers of each plant (784,14), the number of pithy seeds of each plant (460,42), and pithy seeds weight of each plant (11,13 gram); and not significantly different results in the parameters of the number of harvested fruit from each plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, and 1000-seed weight. The female flower petals plucking treatment (K1) showed significantly different results in the parameter of seeds number in each plant (385,22), and not significantly different results in the parameters of the fruit number of each plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, seed number of each plant, pithy seeds weight.

Physical Quality of Fresh Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) with Different Types of Packaging during Low Temperature Storage

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is classified as a horticulture product that easly damaged and it can only survive for 2-3 days in room temperature conditions. In maintaining the quality and self life time of fresh cayenne pepper during storage it is recommended to use the packaging and storage at low temperature. The purpose of this study is to analize the effect of packaging type and storage length on the physical quality of fresh cayenne pepper during low temperature storage (5°C). This study used a complete randomized design method with two factors, each of which consisted of 3 levels, namely storage time (4, 8, and 12 days) and type of packaging (vacuum pack, perforated polypropyline plastic, and wrap plastic). The data were analized by using factorial Anova two mix factors test (α= 5%) and was followed up by Tukey test. The results showed that the best packaging was found in perforated polypropylene plastic with the lowest moisture content 76.45%, the lowest weight loss 3.87%, the highest texture (hardness) 0.027 N/mm², the highest lightness (L*) 44.52, the lowest redness (a*) 26.7, the lowest yellowness (b*) 10.97, the lowest ΔE 23.47, and the lowest water activity 0.889. Physical quality of fresh cayenne pepper can last up to 12 days at low temperature storage (5°C) using perforated polypropylene plastic. Keywords: Cayenne pepper, packaging, storage, low temperature, physical quality.

EFEKTIVITAS TRICHOKOMPOS DIPERKAYA KELAKAI TERHADAP KEJADIAN PENYAKIT FUSARIUM PADA TANAMAN PADI

Brown rice is one of the local rice germplasm that is being developed in wetlands of South Kalimantan. One of the production constraints is Fusarium disease with symptoms of yellowing, drying and the plant will die. Biological control is a disease control solution to replace chemical fungicides which is not only economical but also environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine the effect of the application time of Trichokompos enriched Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) solution on fusarium disease in brown rice. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using the Completely Randomized Design method which consisted of four treatments, namely only inoculated with the pathogen, and three times of application of Trichoderma which was added with a solution of Kelakai namely one week before planting, at planting and one week after planting.. The Fusarium pathogen was isolated from the sacred brown rice plant. In the process of composting goat manure, Trichoderma sp. in rice media was added to produce Trikocompost. The results showed that the application of Trichokompos enriched with Kelakai solution was effective in controlling Fusarium disease in brown rice, both before planting, at planting and after planting. The effectiveness of the control began to decrease in the second week after application, the effectiveness value from 90.48% decreased to only 17.95% in the fourth week. Application of Trichokompos enriched Kelakai solution with various application times can extend the incubation period of the pathogen 16,20 days after inoculation compared to control 9,80 days after inoculation

Quality of Analysis Chicken Nugget with the Addition of Cheddar Cheese

This study aims to analyze the quality of discarded layer chicken nuggets produced from the addition of cheddar cheese as much as 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% which includes shape, color, aroma, texture and taste. This type of research is a pure experiment using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method which has been carried out 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. The object of this research is rejected layer chicken nuggets with the addition of cheddar cheese as much as 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of the quality of the nuggets. The types and sources of data used are primary data obtained directly from 3 expert panelists by filling out the organoleptic test format on the quality of rejected laying hens. Data analysis used ANOVA analysis (ANAVA). If the analysis of variance shows Fcount > Ftable, Duncan's test will be performed. The results showed that the addition of cheddar cheese had a significant effect on the quality of the neat shape (rectangular 6 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm), uniform shape, texture (chewy) of discarded layer chicken nuggets and on the quality of color, aroma and taste. taste has no significant effect. The results of the quality test of laying hens nuggets with cheddar cheese were the best in treatment X1 with the addition of 10% cheddar cheese.

The Quality of Wingko Babat from Green Bean Flour

Wingko is an intermadiate morsture food or snack made from glutinous rice flour mixed with grated half young coconut then added sugar. The main ingredient in making wingkobabat is glutinous rice flour. Wingko tripe variations can be done by diversifying with local agricultural products, namely mung bean flour. The nutritional content of mung bean flour is not inferior to glutinous rice flour. This study discusses the analysis of the quality (shape, color, aroma, texture and taste) of wingko tripe with mung bean flour as much as 10%, 20%, and 30%. This type of research is a pure experiment with a completely randomized design method (CRD) with three treatments and three repetitions. The data used is primary data obtained directly from 5 expert panelists who provide answers from a questionnaire (organoleptic test format) on the quality of greenbean flour wingko babat. The data that has been obtained is then tabulated in the form of a table and an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is performed. If the analysis of variance shows Fcount Ftable, then it is continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that the substitution of mung bean flour had an effect on the quality of color, texture, taste and had no effect on the shape and aroma of wingko tripe with mung bean flour. The results of the quality test of wingko tripe with mung bean flour are the best in treatment (X1) with 10% mung bean flour substitution.

UJI ORGANOLEPTIK DAN ANALISIS KANDUNGAN KIMIA PADA MI KERING DARI TEPUNG KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH

Dried noodles are a food favored by the people of Indonesia. But in general, dry noodles contain low levels of fiber and protein. Fiber and protein levels in food are needed by the body. Sources of fiber and protein can be obtained from vegetable sources, namely red dragon fruit skin and red beans. Utilization of red dragon fruit skin flour and red bean flour in the manufacture of dry noodles can make the dried noodles a source of fiber and protein. This study aims to produce the best dry noodle formulation. This study is an experimental study using the Completely Randomized Design method (CRD). There are 4 additional treatment of red dragon fruit husks and red-bean flour on dry noodles, which are added to F0 (100% : 0% : 0%), F1 (70% : 15% : 15%), F2 (60% : 20% : 20%) dan F3 (50% : 25% : 25%). Analysis is made of organoleptic (hedonic) tests and laboratory tests (protein and fiber levels). The result of this research is that F1 is declared as the most preferred formulation because F1 has a brown color, no unpleasant aroma, slightly savory taste and chewy texture. Based on the nutrient content test, F1 has a protein content of 12.04% and a fiber content of 10.12%. So that the dry noodle formulation F1 was declared the selected formulation and had fulfilled the claim requirements as a food source of fiber and protein.
 Keywords: Dried noodles; Red Dragon Fruit Skin Flour; Red Bean Flour; Fiber; Protein

DRY SYSTEM LIVE FISH TRANSPORT SIMULATION TEST IN BEONG FISH (Hemibagrus nemurus) USING PLANTAIN STEM LIVER EXTRACT (Musa paradisiaca) WITH THE DIFFERENT DOSE

Asian Redtail Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the freshwater fish commodities that lives on several rivers in Indonesia. Unavailability of Asian Redtail Catfish throughout Indonesia causing the provider area to become a target market for distributing Asian Redtail Catfish. This study aims to find out the effect of administering the optimal anesthetic dose of banana stem liver extract for anesthesia and the survival rate of Asian Redtail Catfish in dry system transportation testing. The research method used is the complete random design method (RAL) 3 treatments and 3 repetitions, where P1 (dose 1%), P2 (dose 2%), and P3 (dose 3%). The results showed that a dose of 1% banana stem liver extract gave the best results in the dry system transportation test process with a duration of 76 minutes 35 seconds, a conscious recovery duration of 7 minutes 1 second, and a survival rate. Survival rate Asian Redtail Catfish amounted to 94.43% of the total sample. This proves that the anesthesia of banana stem liver extract affects the survival rate of Asian Redtail Catfish with an optimum dose of 1% and further research is needed on dosing and the correlation between samples and variables

Effect of shrimp waste fermentation feed supplement use on the balance of protein efficiency and color of native chicken egg yolk

Background: Supplement feed with an optimal composition will increase livestock productivity through increased feed digestibility and feed consumption that will provide a balance between amino acid supply and energy to grow, and produce. One of the fishery wastes that can be used as feed supplements is shrimp waste. The purpose of the study was to determine and obtain the level of use of feed supplements of fermented shrimp waste in the ration which resulted in a balance value of protein efficiency and the best egg yolk colour in the native chickens. Materials and Methods: The experiment used 20 native chickens aged 40 weeks in 20-unit cages. The study used the Complete Randomized Design method with 5 kinds of treatment, namely R0 (ration without the use of feed supplement fermentation of shrimp waste), R1 (ration with the use of feed supplement 0.5% fermentation of shrimp waste), R2 (ration with the use of feed supplement 1.0% fermentation of shrimp waste), R3 (ration with the use of feed supplement 1.5% fermentation of shrimp waste), and R4 (ration with the use of feed supplement 2.0% fermentation of shrimp waste), each treatment is repeated four times. The changes observed were ration consumption, protein consumption, egg weight, protein efficiency balance, and yolk colour. Results: Shrimp waste fermentation products as feed supplements have a significant influence (P<0.05) on feed consumption, protein consumption, egg weight, the balance of protein efficiency, and the colour of the yolk. The use of shrimp waste fermentation products gives optimal results at the rate of 1.5% (R3) in the ration against feed consumption and protein consumption, the weight of eggs optimal results at the level of 2.0 % (R4), and the balance of protein efficiency and against the colour of the yolk optimal results at the level of 1.0% (R2). Conclusions: The use of shrimp waste fermentation products of 1.0 levels in the ration results in an optimal balance of protein efficiency and yolk colour. The pattern of the relationship between treatments to the balance of protein efficiency is obtained in linear form with the equation y = 0.1494x + 3.7593 (R2 =93.71%). and in the colour of the yolk in linear form with the equation y = 0.85x + 7.4883 (R2=96.33%). Shrimp waste fermentation products can be used at a rate of 1.0-2.0% in the feed formula of the local poultry layer phase and livestock other than local poultry.

Pematahan Dormansi Benih Gmelia arborea Roxb. Menggunakan Asam Sulfat (H2SO4)

Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) seed is a type of seed that have physical dormancy. This is because water and gases prevent by the hard seed coat during the germination process. Therefore, to break dormancy, preliminary treatment in the form of scarification is required, including using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. This study aims to determine the treatment of soaking in a 96% concentration of H2SO4 solution that produces the best germination ability. The study used a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 5 soaked time treatments, namely control (0 minutes), 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes and each treatment was repeated 3 times with 50 seeds for each replication. The results showed that soaked the seeds in the 96% concentration of H2SO4 solution had a significant effect on on initial time of germination, last time of germination, 80% limit time for germination, percentage of germination and vigor index. Soaking time for 10 minutes is the best treatment for scarification of gmelina seeds. Keywords: physical dormancy; pre-treatment; scarification; soaking time

Evaluation of Pre-ingestive Citronella Residues using Ruminal In Vitro Techniques

Citronella residues (CR) have the potential to be used as an alternative to the fiber diet of ruminants. This study reports on the effects of pre-ingestive CR using ammonia (4 % dry matter (DM)) and fermentation (6 % DM) on in vitro rumen fermentation, metabolism, and methane (CH4) production. Four CR levels of 0, 25, 75, and 100 % DM were used. Each level was repeated 3 times and a complete randomized design method was used. The results showed that pre-ingestive CR significantly increased the pH rumen fluid but decreased ammonia-nitrogen concentration, total iso-volatile fatty acid (iso-VFA) production, and protozoa population (p < 0.01). The pre-ingestive CR significantly decreased the acetic acid composition and rumen microbial protein synthesis (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the proportion of propionic acid, n-butyric acid, and iso-valeric acid (p < 0.05). The total VFA production and rumen CH4 production did not significantly change (p > 0.05). In conclusion, pre-ingestive CR was compatible as a basal diet for ruminants.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Pre-ingestive treated citronella residues used as substitute in ruminant fiber diet
 100 % pre-ingestive citronella residues increased rumen fluid pH compared with napier grass
 100 % pre-ingestive citronella residues reduced NH3, VFA, and protozoa
 100 % pre-ingestive citronella residues had no effect on methane production
 Rumen fermentation profile of pre-ingestive residue treatments are suitable alternative diets
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Providing a combination of chicken manure and broth in a different concentration to the production count of Daphnia magna

This study used a combination of chicken manure and chicken broth which was fermented first with the aim to knowing the effect and the best dose of the combination of chicken manure and broth so as to increase the amount of Daphnia magna production optimally. This research is experimental using Completely Randomized Design method which consists of 4 treatments with 5 replications. Data analysis was processed using ANOVA and Duncan. The results showed that the fermentation of manure and chicken broth with a dose of P3 (7.5 mL/L) on day 8 gave the highest yield (41950 ind/L) compared to other treatments. Based on ANOVA analysis, it was shown that the combination treatment of chicken manure and broth compared with no combination on the count of Daphnia magna production had a significant effect (P<0.05). Duncan's test results showed that P3 treatment was significantly different from P0 and P1 but not significantly different from P2 treatment, with an average difference of P2 (5mL/L) 7419 ind/L and P3 (7.5mL/L) 8328 ind/L for 14 days growth.

Effect of vitamin E supplemented fish feed on growth performance of brood gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius)

Nutrition is the major crucial factor determining the potential of cultured fish to exhibit its genetic capability for growth. In this study, the impact of dietary vitamin E supplementation of fish feed on growth performance, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius, Hamilton, 1822) were investigate. Total 150 number of young M. cavasius (weight 33.0±10.0 g) were used the CRD (completely randomized design) method with five treatments and three replications and fed with one of five diets for 45 days. Five different treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4) with three replication having different level of vitamin E such as 0 mg vitamin E/kg (Control-T0), 50 mg vitamin E/kg (T1), 100 mg vitamin E/kg (T2), 150 mg vitamin E/kg (T3) and 200 mg vitamin E/kg (T4). Feeds supplied at the rate of 5% for first two weeks, 4% for following two weeks and 3% of the body weight for the rest of the experimental period twice daily throughout the study period. At the end of the (15+30) 45 days study period, the highest mean final weight gain 15.65±0.10 in T2, whereas, the minimum final weight gain was 7.725±0.49 in T4. The body length of M. cavasius was not increased significantly (p˃0.05) at different doses of vitamin E supplementation. The food conversion ratio in treatment 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 2.72±0.12, 2.41±0.14, 1.53±0.12, 2.68±0.09, and 3.11±0.10, respectively. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) were found highest (1.96±0.08) at T2 compared to T1 (1.25±0.09), T3 (1.12±0.11) T0 (1.11±0.10), and T4 (0.96±0.10), respectively. The specific growth rate (SGR%/day) in treatment 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 0.79±0.05, 0.91±0.07, 1.37±0.10, 0.87±0.08 and 0.79±0.06, respectively. The best performance found for 100 mg vitamin E/kg containing feed could be the best for growth performance of Gangetic Mystus (Mystus cavasius).

Analisis Kandungan Gizi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Cookies Substitusi Tepung Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor, L)

Cookies are a practical food, easy to make, and can be stored for a long time. The main raw material for making cookies is wheat flour. Considering that the nutritional content of sorghum is not inferior to wheat flour, sorghum has the opportunity to replace wheat in food processing. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nutritional content and antioxidant activity of cookies substituted with sorghum flour. The design used an experimental study using the RAL (Completely Randomized Design) method. Cookies formulation carried out as many as 4 formulas.The best cookies were analyzed descriptively with the mean value and one-way-anova. The nutritional content of cookies was analyzed by gravimetric and titrimetric methods and the antioxidant activity test was analyzed by the DPPH method. The nutritional content of cookies substituted with sorghum flour obtained was the value of carbohydrates (49.9%), protein (5.69%), and fat (25.2%) and the antioxidant activity value of cookies substituted with sorghum flour was 104.48 ppm. The nutritional content of cookies has met the quality requirements of cookies based on SNI. 2793-2011 and the value of antioxidant activity on cookies substituted with sorghum flour is in the medium category based on the IC50 value.

Plant growth and total flavonoid content of Sisyrinchium palmifolium after light intensity and gibberellin treatment

Abstract. Zuaini PAK, Mudyantini W, Solochatun. 2020. Plant growth and total flavonoid content of Sisyrinchium palmifolium after light intensity and gibberellin treatment. Cell Biol Dev 4: 52-63. Dayak onion (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L Syn.: Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.) was a plant that has the potential to be developed as a traditional medicine because it contains flavonoid compounds. This research aimed to determine the effect of the application of differences in light intensity and gibberellins on the plant growth and flavonoid content of S. palmifolium. This research used uniform S. palmifolium with a harvest age of 3-4 months and an 8-9 g weight range from Pasir Besar Village, South Pontianak District, Pontianak, Indonesia. The experiment used the Factorial Completely Randomized Design method with two factors treatment and six replications: light intensity (100%, 75%, 50%) and gibberellin concentration (0, 10, 20 ppm). The control was 100% light intensity treatment and 0 ppm gibberellin concentration. The parameters measured were the number of leaves, length, width, time of flowering, number of flowers, and number of bulbs. In the post-harvest, dry and wet weights of bulbs were measured. Then, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid contents were assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and stomata density was also analyzed. ANOVA analyzed the data, and if the difference was significant, it was continued with the DMRT test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the growth of S. palmifolium was significantly affected by light intensity and gibberellins on the parameters of leaves length; leaves, midrib, and bulbs wet weight; leaves and midrib wet weight; leaves and midrib dry weight; bulbs dry weight; shoot root ratio; leaves carotenoid content, and bulbs carotenoid content. However, parameters had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaves width, time of flowering, number of flowers, number of bulbs, chlorophyll contents, flavonoid, and stomata density. The 50% light intensity and 10 ppm gibberellins were the best treatments to increase leaves length, leaves, midrib, bulbs wet weight, leaves, and bulbs chlorophyll content of S. palmifolium.

BIOINSECTICIDE ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES PRODUCT OF BIOSYNTHESIS USING ENTOMOPATHOGEN AGAINST THE BEET CATERPILLAR SPODOPTERA EXIGUA

Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) is a polyphagous insect pest that is detrimental to farmers. Nanotechnology exists as a renewable technology that can increase effectiveness due to the small size of particles it produces. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from the fungi Metarhizium, Trichoderma, and The Bacillus bacteria which are biocontrol agents. The research started in February and ended in May 2020, at the Biological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education, University of Pendidikan Indonesia. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design method (CRD). Onion armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), two isolates from the fungi Metarhizium and Trichoderma were obtained from the Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute (IVERRI). Each extract of Metarhizium and Trichoderma fungi and 50 mL of extract from Bacillus bacteria were added to 50 mL of Ag + 60 ppm solution in a 250 mL glass tube. The mixture of Metarhizium mushroom extract with 60 ppm Ag + solution or Trichoderma mushroom with Ag + 60 ppm solution was incubated at 400 C with a rotation speed of 200 rpm for five days under a dark condition. For the mixture of bacterial extracts with Ag + 60 ppm solution, incubation was at room temperature with a rotation speed of 150 rpm for three days. Analysis of the effect of NPP on the mortality of S. exiguawas done using the treatments, Metarhizum, Trichoderma, Bacillus, NPP-Metarhizium, NPP-Trichoderma, NPP-Bacillus, NPP, and distilled water as controls. Third instar larvae of S. exigua were immersed for 30 seconds. After immersion, the larvae are placed in sterile Petri dishes that have been lined with sterile filter paper and provided with caterpillar feed. Observation of caterpillar mortality was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 9, 24, 48, 64, 72, 96 and 108 hours after treatment. There were three replicates the results showed that all the treatments caused death of the insect, both entomopathogens and entomopathogenic nanoparticles. We found the three treatments of silver nanoparticles highly lethal to S. exigua. Two treatments, NPP-Metarhizium and NPP-Bacillus even caused 100% mortality after 120 hrs treatment. The possible reason for the pathogenicity of these products is considered to be biosynthesis of nanoparticles and enzymatic substances

Effect of sugar concentration and fermentation time on secang kombucha drink

Secang kombucha drink is a fermented drink by Acetobacter xylinum and Sacharomyces cerevisiae using secang wood. Secang wood contains several nutritional contents that can be used in food diversification and sustainability of food for supporting food security. The use of secang wood is as a substitute for tea leaves in making of kombucha drinks. The study aims to determine the effect of fermentation and the concentration of sugar used on the manufacture of secang kombucha drink. The study was conducted using the factorial CRD (Completely Randomized Design) method, that is the addition of sugar concentration (G): 10%, 20%, 30% and fermentation time (F): 4 days, 7 days, 10 days, 13 days. The parameters observed were total acid, total soluble solid, pH, viscosity, and colour value. The results showed that the effect of addition of sugar concentration and fermentation time had a very significant effect on total acid, total soluble solid, pH, viscosity, and colour value. The best treatment is G2F3 treatment (the sugar concentration of 20% and the fermentation time of 10 days) with total acid of 0.9239%, total soluble solid of 20.8964°Brix, pH 2.9997, viscosity of 1.0906 Pa.s and colour value of 54.9170°Hue.

ANALISA NILAI GIZI DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK BOLU PEPAYA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MAKANAN SELINGAN PADA HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, it was recorded that people with high cholesterol in Indonesia increased every year by 28%, this number is likely to increase to 29.25 in 2025. Papaya fruit is rich in nutrition, contains high fiber and antioxidants. Papaya fruit will be processed into sponge, which is a very popular food as a snack for hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of the study was to know the average value of the color, aroma, texture, taste of the sponge and to know the value of the fiber content of the best sponge. The method used in this study is an experiment using a Completely Randomized Design method consisting of four treatments and two replications. Treatment A (25 grams of papaya), treatment B (50 grams of papaya), treatment C (75 grams of papaya) and treatment D (100 grams of papaya). This research was conducted in July 2021. Sampling was carried out at the researcher's house, while organoleptic tests were carried out at the Perintis Indonesia University campus and the fiber content inspection site at Baristand (Industrial Research and Standardization Center Padang). Based on the results of the organoleptic test, it showed that the panelists' assessment of the papaya sponge product had a very significant effect on the color, aroma, texture, and taste of the papaya sponge. Based on the panelists' assessment, treatment A (pawpaw 25 grams) was the best product, namely color 4.3; fragrance 4.56; texture 4.42 and taste 4.72 with the highest average value of 18. Treatment A contained fiber content of 5.53 with a weight of 50 grams of papaya sponge. In this study it can be concluded that the best papaya sponge is treatment A, the best papaya cake contains fiber content which is very beneficial for hypercholesterolemic patients so that it can meet fiber levels per person in a day.