Complete Decoupling Research Articles

Self-assembly of hierarchically ordered structures in DNA nanotube systems

The self-assembly of molecular and macromolecular building blocks into organized patterns is a complex process found in diverse systems over a wide range of size and time scales. The formation of star- or aster-like configurations, for example, is a common characteristic in solutions of polymers or other molecules containing multi-scaled, hierarchical assembly processes. This is a recurring phenomenon in numerous pattern-forming systems ranging from cellular constructs to solutions of ferromagnetic colloids or synthetic plastics. To date, however, it has not been possible to systematically parameterize structural properties of the constituent components in order to study their influence on assembled states. Here, we circumvent this limitation by using DNA nanotubes with programmable mechanical properties as our basic building blocks. A small set of DNA oligonucleotides can be chosen to hybridize into micron-length DNA nanotubes with a well-defined circumference and stiffness. The self-assembly of these nanotubes to hierarchically ordered structures is driven by depletion forces caused by the presence of polyethylene glycol. This trait allowed us to investigate self-assembly effects while maintaining a complete decoupling of density, self-association or bundling strength, and stiffness of the nanotubes. Our findings show diverse ranges of emerging structures including heterogeneous networks, aster-like structures, and densely bundled needle-like structures, which compare to configurations found in many other systems. These show a strong dependence not only on concentration and bundling strength, but also on the underlying mechanical properties of the nanotubes. Similar network architectures to those caused by depletion forces in the low-density regime are obtained when an alternative hybridization-based bundling mechanism is employed to induce self-assembly in an isotropic network of pre-formed DNA nanotubes. This emphasizes the universal effect inevitable attractive forces in crowded environments have on systems of self-assembling soft matter, which should be considered for macromolecular structures applied in crowded systems such as cells.

Decomposition Analysis in Decoupling Transport Output from Carbon Emissions in Guangdong Province, China

With a continuously growing share of the world’s overall energy consumption, the transport sector has been acknowledged as one of the most important contributors to global carbon emissions. This paper applies a complete decomposition and decoupling analysis to investigate and quantitatively analyze the main factors influencing the energy-related carbon emissions of the transport (TCE) sector during 1995–2012 in Guangdong, the richest and most populated province in China. Results showed that decoupling level between transport output and TCE was relatively low, especially when compared with year 1995, in which case it remained as expansive coupling. Optimization of tertiary industry structure was the main factor inhibiting TCE increase. However the rapid growth of GDP per capita and population was more powerful at boosting TCE, resulting in elasticity index rising directly. 2005 was a turning point when environmental friendly policies took action, after which decoupling state improved significantly, achieving weak decoupling when comparing adjacent years. By studying TCE and its components, we found that the National 5-Year Plan policy impacts TCE tremendously, which leads to a 5-year periodic pattern of fluctuations. This highlights policy as potentially the most important factor behind Guangdong’s decoupling effort, dwarfing the impact from energy and other inner-drivers.

A serialization-based partial decoupling approach for multidisciplinary design optimization of complex systems

The optimization for multidisciplinary engineering systems is highly complicated, which involves the decomposing of a system into several individual disciplinary subsystems for obtaining optimal solutions. Managing the coupling between subsystems remains a great challenge for global optimization as the existing methods involve inefficient iterative solving processes and thus have higher time cost. Some strategies such as discipline reorder, coupling suspension and coupling ignoring can to some extent reduce the execution cost. However, there are still some deficiencies for these approaches such as uniform handling of the couplings, complete decoupling and heavy burden of system optimizer. To overcome the above drawbacks, a serialization-based partial decoupling approach is proposed in this study, which consists of three main steps. First, different disciplines are clustered into some subsystems by analyzing the interdisciplinary sensitivities. Then, for each subsystem, a serialization process is proposed to ensure no coupling loops exist and the subsystem can be solved with no iteration, which can reduce the time cost for solving the disciplinary problem to a large degree. Finally, a local optimization model is constructed for each subsystem to maintain the scale of the global optimizer and ensure mutual independence and parallel processing. The proposed three-layer framework ensures the feasibility of solving for each subsystem and improves the efficiency of optimization execution. Several experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.

Decoupling control in statistical sense: minimised mutual information algorithm

This paper presents a novel concept to describe the couplings among the outputs of the stochastic systems which are represented by NARMA models. Compared with the traditional coupling description, the presented concept can be considered as an extension using statistical independence theory. Based on this concept, the decoupling control in statistical sense is established with the necessary and sufficient conditions for complete decoupling. Since the complete decoupling is difficult to achieve, a control algorithm has been developed using the Cauchy-Schwarz mutual information criterion. Without modifying the existing control loop, this algorithm supplies a compensative controller to minimise the statistical couplings of the system outputs and the local stability has been analysed. In addition, a further discussion illustrates the combination of the presented control algorithm and data-based mutual information estimation. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Multiplicative logarithmic corrections to quantum criticality in three-dimensional dimerized antiferromagnets

We investigate the quantum phase transition in an $S = 1/2$ dimerized Heisenberg antiferromagnet in three spatial dimensions. By performing large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations and detailed finite-size scaling analyses, we obtain high-precision results for the quantum critical properties at the transition from the magnetically disordered dimer-singlet phase to the antiferromagnetically ordered N\'eel phase. This transition breaks O($N$) symmetry with $N = 3$ in $D = 3 + 1$ dimensions. This is the upper critical dimension, where multiplicative logarithmic corrections to the leading mean-field critical properties are expected; we extract these corrections, establishing their precise forms for both the zero-temperature staggered magnetization, $m_s$, and the N\'eel temperature, $T_N$. We present a scaling Ansatz for $T_N$, including logarithmic corrections, which agrees with our data and indicates exact linearity with $m_s$, implying a complete decoupling of quantum and thermal fluctuation effects even arbitrarily close to the quantum critical point. We also demonstrate the predicted $N$-independent leading and subleading logarithmic corrections in the size-dependence of the staggered magnetic susceptibility. These logarithmic scaling forms have not previously been identified or verified by unbiased numerical methods and we discuss their relevance to experimental studies of dimerized quantum antiferromagnets such as TlCuCl$_3$.

Gender differences in methamphetamine use in a Mexico-U.S. border city

This paper formulates a theoretical model which allows different waste management strategies in equilibrium, depending on the technology of waste recovery and the utility functional specification. In the model there are two waste treatment alternatives: ‘not-recovered waste’, composed of landfill and incineration without recovery and ‘recovered waste’, which is the aggregate of recycling, composting and incineration with recovery. We show that if recovery activities present constant or economies of scale then it is optimal to have zero not-recovered waste. The presence of diseconomies of scale in recovery of waste can either result in an equilibrium with zero or positive not-recovered waste, but recovery of waste is necessarily positive. We test for the presence of an EKC, and find that it is only compatible in our model when we assume decreasing marginal utility of consumption, and diseconomies of scale are limited. However, in the presence of (constant) economies of scale in recovery, we observe complete decoupling.

A new decoupling method for asymmetry‐parameter quadruple‐circuit lines on same tower

Quadruple‐circuit lines with different self‐impedances have been applied in power system with the development of power industry. However, the different self‐impedances in quadruple‐circuit lines will cause problems in fault analysis and related relay protection in the lines. The impedance matrix of these lines is different from that of symmetrical lines, and existing methods cannot completely eliminate all mutual impedance. A new method is proposed to decouple these asymmetrical quadruple‐circuits lines in this paper. The phase‐to‐phase mutual impedance is eliminated first, and then the line‐to‐line mutual impedance is eliminated according to the circulating current method. The mathematical deduction is formulated to ensure the complete decoupling of the impedance matrix. The fault conditions can be used to obtain the relationship between the independent sequence networks, which can be used to calculate the fault current. Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) simulations indicate that the decoupling method is suitable for fault analysis of the quadruple‐circuit lines with different self‐impedances. The related fault analysis method is quite accurate and easy to be applied. The fault analysis accuracy is not affected by the fault resistance, fault type, fault location, or length of lines. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Enhanced superconducting transition temperature in hyper-interlayer-expanded FeSe despite the suppressed electronic nematic order and spin fluctuations

The superconducting critical temperature, $T_{\rm c}$, of FeSe can be dramatically enhanced by intercalation of a molecular spacer layer. Here we report on a $^{77}$Se, $^7$Li and $^1$H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the powdered hyper-interlayer-expanded Li$_{x}($C$_2$H$_8$N$_2$)$_y$Fe$_{2-z}$Se$_2$ with a nearly optimal $T_{\rm c}=45$~K. The absence of any shift in the $^7$Li and $^1$H NMR spectra indicates a complete decoupling of interlayer units from the conduction electrons in FeSe layers, whereas nearly temperature-independent $^7$Li and $^1$H spin-lattice relaxation rates are consistent with the non-negligible concentration of Fe impurities present in the insulating interlayer space. On the other hand, strong temperature dependence of $^{77}$Se NMR shift and spin-lattice relaxation rate, $1/^{77}T_1$, is attributed to the hole-like bands close to the Fermi energy. $1/^{77}T_1$ shows no additional anisotropy that would account for the onset of electronic nematic order down to $T_{\rm c}$. Similarly, no enhancement in $1/^{77}T_1$ due to the spin fluctuations could be found in the normal state. Yet, a characteristic power-law dependence $1/^{77}T_1\propto T^{4.5}$ still comply with the Cooper pairing mediated by spin fluctuations.

Introduction: Keeping Time

Introduction:Keeping Time Jocelyn Holland (bio) and Wolf Kittler (bio) Already in what they call their “pre-history,” humans kept, measured, and calculated time by looking at the revolutions of the sun, the planets, and the stars in the sky. Within the long history of time, one could define modernity by two technological innovations that shift timekeeping from the macrocosm to the microcosm. The first innovation, an initial step away from astronomical time, is the invention of the pendulum clock. The legend of Galileo’s epiphany, as recorded by his biographer Vincenzo Viviani, defines a decisive moment: the moment in the cathedral of Pisa when he became aware of the isochronism of the pendulum, that the time it takes to swing back and forth is independent of the amplitude of the swing. The pendulum clock emerged from Galileo’s experiments, and Huygens’s implementation of the laws discovered by means of these experiments, into a working device during the seventeenth century. The second major technological innovation in timekeeping that is definitive of the modern era is the atomic clock. This clock brought time down to earth once and for all and initiated the complete decoupling of time measurement from astronomical time. Claude Audoin and Bernard Guinot note in The Measurement of Time that the cesium beam–frequency standard began regular operation in the United Kingdom in 1955, heralding the use of atomic properties for time measurement,1 and that the first commercial [End Page 133] cesium clock—the “atomichron”—was manufactured a year later.2 At the Thirteenth General Conference on Weights and Measures, the atomic definition of the second was officially ratified. No longer a fraction of an hour or a day, “the second is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of cesium 133 atoms.”3 Although one of the most radical events in the history of timekeeping, the invention of the atomic clock took place in the twentieth century with little public fanfare, and even years later the atomic clock remains widely unknown. Perhaps, as Audoin and Guinot speculate, this is due to “a reaction to the lack of poetry in atomic clocks, or their inscrutable accuracy.”4 Conditioned to think of time in terms of solar and lunar revolutions, could it be that we are neither ready nor easily able to integrate an alternative into our daily lives? In our social practices and internal awareness of time, are we not keeping up with the inventions of newer and more accurate modes of timekeeping driven by scientific and technological innovation? Part of the strangeness of atomic time lies precisely in this perceived detachment from the communal experience of time that informs our lives, despite the fact that relatively common objects, such as GPS devices, are implicated in the coordination of atomic clocks through satellites. Although atomic clocks synchronize our lives in basic ways, it is fair to say that they have not yet claimed a foothold in the popular imagination. Even if the cultural implications of the atomic clock are for future generations to discover, there is ample evidence that the history of modern timekeeping technology up to that point is far more than a simple record of its scientific discoveries and practical applications: a look at earlier cases quickly reveals that it includes far-reaching effects on the human experience and recording of time. In literary studies, for example, where the study of time in terms of the temporality of narration or the narrated time of events is a familiar topic, very recent scholarship has taken up the many connections between technological progress in timekeeping and the manifold strategies and preferences of time organization that inform a literary text. In Telling Time, a study of the relation between clocks and diurnal literary forms in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century England, [End Page 134] Stuart Sherman writes about the fundamental relationship between the “counting” and “telling” of time—between techniques of calculation and modes of expression: “clocks count time (OE tellan, to narrate, is cognate with Middle Low German tellen, to count, reckon), or rather, they make it available for human...

An Integrated Device View on Photo-Electrochemical Solar-Hydrogen Generation.

Devices that directly capture and store solar energy have the potential to significantly increase the share of energy from intermittent renewable sources. Photo-electrochemical solar-hydrogen generators could become an important contributor, as these devices can convert solar energy into fuels that can be used throughout all sectors of energy. Rather than focusing on scientific achievement on the component level, this article reviews aspects of overall component integration in photo-electrochemical water-splitting devices that ultimately can lead to deployable devices. Throughout the article, three generalized categories of devices are considered with different levels of integration and spanning the range of complete integration by one-material photo-electrochemical approaches to complete decoupling by photovoltaics and electrolyzer devices. By using this generalized framework, we describe the physical aspects, device requirements, and practical implications involved with developing practical photo-electrochemical water-splitting devices. Aspects reviewed include macroscopic coupled multiphysics device models, physical device demonstrations, and economic and life cycle assessments, providing the grounds to draw conclusions on the overall technological outlook.

Giant Magnetoresistance and Structure of Electrodeposited Co/Cu Multilayers: The Influence of Layer Thicknesses and Cu Deposition Potential

The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and structure was investigated for electrodeposited Co/Cu multilayers prepared by a conventional galvanostatic/potentiostatic pulse combination from a pure sulfate electrolyte with various layer thicknesses, total multilayer thickness and Cu deposition potential. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed superlattice satellite reflections for many of the multilayers having sufficiently large thickness (at least 2 nm) of both constituent layers. The bilayer repeats derived from the positions of the visible superlattice reflections were typically 10 – 20% higher than the nominal values. The observed GMR was found to be dominated by the multilayer-like ferromagnetic (FM) contribution even for multilayers without visible superlattice satellites. There was always also a modest superparamagnetic (SPM) contribution to the GMR and this term was the largest for multilayers with very thin (0.5 nm) magnetic layers containing apparently a small amount of magnetically decoupled SPM regions. No oscillatory GMR behavior with spacer thickness was observed at any magnetic layer thickness. The saturation of the coercivity as measured by the peak position of the MR(H) curves indicated a complete decoupling of magnetic layers for large spacer thicknesses. The GMR increased with total multilayer thickness which could be ascribed to an increasing SPM contribution to the GMR due to an increasing surface roughness, also indicated by the increasing coercivity. For multilayers with Cu layers deposited at more and more positive potentials, the GMRFM term increased and the GMRSPM term decreased. At the same time, a corresponding reduction of surface roughness measured with atomic force microscopy indicated an improvement of the multilayer structural quality which was, however, not accompanied by an increase of the superlattice reflection intensities. The present results underline that whereas the structural quality as characterized by the surface roughness generally correlates fairly well with the magnitude of the GMR, the microstructural features determining the amplitude of superlattice reflections apparently do not have a direct influence on the GMR.

Waste management alternatives: (Dis)economies of scale in recovery and decoupling

This paper formulates a theoretical model which allows different waste management strategies in equilibrium, depending on the technology of waste recovery and the utility functional specification. In the model there are two waste treatment alternatives: ‘not-recovered waste’, composed of landfill and incineration without recovery and ‘recovered waste’, which is the aggregate of recycling, composting and incineration with recovery. We show that if recovery activities present constant or economies of scale then it is optimal to have zero not-recovered waste. The presence of diseconomies of scale in recovery of waste can either result in an equilibrium with zero or positive not-recovered waste, but recovery of waste is necessarily positive. We test for the presence of an EKC, and find that it is only compatible in our model when we assume decreasing marginal utility of consumption, and diseconomies of scale are limited. However, in the presence of (constant) economies of scale in recovery, we observe complete decoupling.

A Complete Decoupling PI Control of UPQC in α-β Coordinate System

Aiming at the existing strong coupling problem of UPQC model in synchronous rotating coordinate system, in order to realize the control process easily and accomplish the complete decoupling, two-phase coordinate system α-β was introduced to the complete decoupling PI control of voltage and current compensation unit. According to the corresponding mathematical model, the topology map of voltage and current compensation unit was gained. Direct single closed-loop control method was used, meantime, parameter was set and the structure chart of PI control unit was designed. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the control method is proved by Matlab/Smulink simulation and hardware experiment.

Modeling the elastic transmission of tidal stresses to great distances inland in channelized ice streams

Abstract. Geodetic surveys suggest that ocean tides can modulate the motion of Antarctic ice streams, even at stations many tens of kilometers inland from the grounding line. These surveys suggest that ocean tidal stresses can perturb ice stream motion at distances about an order of magnitude farther inland than tidal flexure of the ice stream alone. Recent models exploring the role of tidal perturbations in basal shear stress are primarily one- or two-dimensional, with the impact of the ice stream margins either ignored or parameterized. Here, we use two- and three-dimensional finite-element modeling to investigate transmission of tidal stresses in ice streams and the impact of considering more realistic, three-dimensional ice stream geometries. Using Rutford Ice Stream as a real-world comparison, we demonstrate that the assumption that elastic tidal stresses in ice streams propagate large distances inland fails for channelized glaciers due to an intrinsic, exponential decay in the stress caused by resistance at the ice stream margins. This behavior is independent of basal conditions beneath the ice stream and cannot be fit to observations using either elastic or nonlinear viscoelastic rheologies without nearly complete decoupling of the ice stream from its lateral margins. Our results suggest that a mechanism external to the ice stream is necessary to explain the tidal modulation of stresses far upstream of the grounding line for narrow ice streams. We propose a hydrologic model based on time-dependent variability in till strength to explain transmission of tidal stresses inland of the grounding line. This conceptual model can reproduce observations from Rutford Ice Stream.

Partial coupling and differential regulation of biologically and photochemically labile dissolved organic carbon across boreal aquatic networks

Abstract. Despite the rapidly increasing volume of research on the biological and photochemical degradation of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) in aquatic environments, little is known of the large-scale patterns in biologically and photochemically degradable DOC (BDOC and PDOC, respectively) in continental watersheds, and on the links that exist between these two key properties that greatly influence the flow of carbon from continents to oceans. Here we explored the patterns in the concentrations and proportions of BDOC and PDOC across hundreds of boreal lakes, rivers and wetlands spanning a large range of system trophic status and terrestrial influence, and compared the drivers of these two reactive pools of DOC at the landscape level. Using standardized incubations of natural waters, we found that the concentrations of BDOC and PDOC covaried across all systems studied but were nevertheless related to different pools of dissolved organic matter (DOM; identified by fluorescence analyses) in ambient waters. Concentrations of nutrients and protein-like fluorescent DOM (FDOM) explained nearly half of the variation in BDOC, whereas PDOC was exclusively predicted by DOM optical properties, consistent with the photochemical degradability of specific FDOM pools that we experimentally determined. The concentrations of colored DOM (CDOM), which we use here as a proxy of terrestrial influence, almost entirely accounted for the observed relationship between FDOM and the concentrations of both BDOC and PDOC. The concentrations of CDOM and of the putative biolabile fluorescence component shifted from complete decoupling in clear-water environments to strong coupling in darker streams and wetlands. This suggests a baseline autochthonous BDOC pool fueled by internal production that is gradually overwhelmed by land-derived BDOC as terrestrial influence increases across landscape gradients. The importance of land as a major source of both biologically and photochemically degradable DOC for continental watersheds resulted in a partial coupling of those carbon pools in natural freshwaters, despite fundamental contrasts in terms of their composition and regulation.

Study on Decoupling Scheme of Three-Phase Synchronous Motor Vector Control System

In this paper, firstly,the mathematical model of three-phase asynchronous motor based on vector control system is introduced. Then,the question of coupling of flux, torque and current regulator is analyzed. The comparative study of feedback decoupling, feed-forward decoupling and cross coupling are developed qualitatively and quantitatively. According to this, the deviation decoupling method is proposed to realize the complete decoupling of current regulator. The simulation and experimental results show that, combined with the deviation decoupling and vector control, the decoupling of torque and flux linkage can be implemented completely, while the voltage coupling of current regulator can be eliminated. The results show that the proposed control scheme is feasible and has a fast dynamic respond.

High-sensitivity, broadband-decoupled (13) C MR spectroscopy in humans at 7T using two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum coherence.

Carbon-13 ((13) C) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has an intrinsically low NMR sensitivity that often leads to large acquisition volumes or long scan times. While the use of higher magnetic fields can overcome the sensitivity limitations, high radiofrequency (RF) power deposition associated with proton-decoupling limits the achievable gain. Two-dimensional (2D) heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) MRS is a method that uses the high chemical specificity of (13) C MRS while retaining the high sensitivity of (1) H detection. Due to the 2D nature of the method, proton-decoupled (13) C MR spectra can be obtained without the use of high-powered decoupling pulses. A novel three-dimensional (3D) localized 2D HSQC method based on 3D STEAM localization is presented and implemented at 7T. The low RF power deposition of the method allows TR variation along the indirect dimension which, in combination with controlled aliasing, leads to an acceleration of 11.8 relative to a standard 2D NMR acquisition. Artifact-free, high-quality and high-sensitivity 2D HSQC spectra were obtained for all subjects in 19 min from a small (9 mL) volume placed in the leg adipose tissue. Complete proton decoupling was achieved along the indirect (13) C dimension despite the absence of broadband proton-decoupling pulses. The high chemical specificity along the indirect (13) C dimension allowed the detection of 19 unique resonances from which the lipids could be characterized in terms of saturation and omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio. It has been demonstrated that high-quality 2D HSQC NMR spectra can be acquired from human adipose tissue at 7T. The HSQC method is methodologically simple and robust and is flexible regarding trade-offs between temporal and spectral resolution. 2D HSQC has a strong potential to become a default method in natural-abundance or (13) C-enriched studies of human metabolism in vivo.

The Application of Simple and Easy to Implement Decoupling Pulse Scheme Combinations to Effect Decoupling of Large J Values with Reduced Artifacts

Of the various problems in decoupling one nucleus type from another using standard decoupling pulse schemes for broadband decoupling, a particular challenge is to effect full, artifact-free decoupling when the size of the coupling constant is very large. Herein it is demonstrated that 1H decoupling of the 31P NMR spectrum of diethyl phosphonate {HP(=O)(OCH2CH3)2} can be accomplished with reduced artifacts despite the large JH,P1 value of 693 Hz by using a combination of decoupling pulse schemes involving continuous-wave (CW) irradiation and either adiabatic-pulse decoupling (APD), MPF decoupling, or traditional composite-pulse decoupling (CPD) schemes such as WALTZ or GARP. The considered strategy is simple, efficient, and easy to implement on most instruments. The best result was attained for a combination of CW and CPD using GARP with a standard pulse width of 60 μs. Altogether, the advantages of the methodology include low power requirements, complete decoupling, tolerance of a range of large J values, large bandwidth for normal-sized J values, and the suppression of sidebands.

Electronic and structural properties of graphene-based metal-semiconducting heterostructures engineered by silicon intercalation

The initial decoupling of the (6√3×6√3)R30° buffer layer also called zero layer graphene (ZLG) on 6H-SiC(0001) by Si intercalation has been investigated by means of high resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and microscopy imaging techniques. A combination of complementary techniques has shown that the annealing above 700°C of amorphous Si deposited on ZLG leads to the diffusion of the silicon over the surface. Two competing processes are then observed. Part of the silicon contributes to a progressive decoupling of the ZLG from the substrate (partial decoupling) while the rest agglomerates at the surface to form oriented silicon clusters. After sequences of Si deposition, followed by annealing at 750°C, complete decoupling is observed into quasi-free standing monolayer (ML) graphene. Investigation of the evolution of the C1s and Si2p core levels during the intermediate states shows that the appearance of the graphene contribution coincides with the creation of an extra SiC bulk component, indicating their electronic decoupling. At partial decoupling of the ZLG, we have the coexistence of structurally linked metal-semiconducting materials presenting mutual electronic interactions and composed of nanometric metal-semiconducting heterojunctions.

A highly optimized code for calculating atomic data at neutron star magnetic field strengths using a doubly self-consistent Hartree–Fock–Roothaan method

A highly optimized code for calculating atomic data at neutron star magnetic field strengths using a doubly self-consistent Hartree–Fock–Roothaan method