Complementary Application Research Articles

Semantic Segmentation Based on Geometric Calibration Using AI and AR in Health Care

In the medical field, medical imaging is essential for precise diagnosis, treatment planning, and condition monitoring. The goal of this work is to improve the field of healthcare imaging by investigating the complementary applications of augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) in semantic segmentation. More precise identification and delineation of anatomical structures and abnormalities in medical images is made possible by AI-driven semantic segmentation, opening the door to more precise diagnosis and treatment plans. Modern AI algorithms are employed in the suggested methodology to perform semantic segmentation in a variety of medical imaging modalities, including ultrasound, CT, and MRI scans. The detection of anomalies such as tumours, irregularities in organs, and neurological disorders is made easier by these algorithms. The foundation for integrating augmented reality technologies into the healthcare ecosystem is provided by the segmented medical images. AR enhances the interaction and visualization of segmented medical data in the context of healthcare. Real-time augmented reality overlays help surgeons by improving surgical navigation and precision. Additionally, AR apps help with medical education by offering professionals and students alike an immersive learning environment. AR provides interactive visualizations to help patients understand their medical conditions when they are going for therapy and rehabilitation. The difficulties in integrating these technologies in the healthcare industry are discussed in this paper, with a focus on the significance of data privacy, regulatory compliance, and easy integration with current healthcare systems. The successful deployment of AI technologies necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration among AI developers, healthcare professionals, and AR specialists to ensure compliance with ethical, legal, and clinical standards mandated in the healthcare domain. The proposed Segmentation mask is redefined with geometric calibration and used with U-Net for image segmentation. The segmentation is experimented on Cityscapes and PASCAL VOC 2012 datasets. The experimental results show that proposed semantic segmentation based on geometric calibration yields more accuracy than its counterparts.

Unusual and Persistent Free Radical Intermediate Production from 2-Pyridyl Ketones via UV Irradiation: A Direct ESR Study.

Aryl ketones are often used as photosensitizers and photoinitiators. Free radical intermediates have been suggested, but not confirmed, to be generated after photoirradiation. Here we found, unexpectedly, that a persistent radical was produced from di-2-pyridyl ketone after UV irradiation, which was detected by the direct ESR method. Interestingly, the persistent radical was very sensitive to oxygen and the pH of the reaction medium. A similar persistent radical was also observed from phenyl-2-pyridyl ketone, but not from 3-benzoylpyridine, 4-benzoylpyridine, and benzophenone, suggesting that the presence of a carbonyl group connected to the ortho-position of the pyridine ring is critical for such radical production. By complementary applications of ESR, HPLC, and ESI-Q-TOF-MS, the possible chemical structures of the persistent radical and final product were identified, and the possible underlying reaction mechanism was proposed. This represents the first report on UV-induced persistent radical generation from 2-pyridyl ketones, which should be of great significance for future studies.

Drain self-blocking ambipolar transistors for complementary circuit applications

The development of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (CMOSFET) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials offers an important opportunity to reduce static power and increase the integration density of integrated circuits. One promising approach to realize these CMOSFETs is to employ ambipolar 2D materials as channel materials with designed device structure to control the carrier transport properties for CMOSFET characteristics. However, these devices always suffer from complex multi-gate electrode structure, and hence face challenges in complicated inter-connection design and excessive voltage source requirement for circuit implementation. Here, we develop a three-terminal CMOSFET using ambipolar 2D material based on the drain electric field-induced carrier injection self-blocking mechanism. The designed drain electrode can effectively suppress carrier injection from the drain to the channel material, while the gate voltage can only regulate carrier injection in the source region. As a result, we can configure the device as either N-field-effect transistors (FET) or P-FET with a high current on/off ratio of over 105 by adjusting the three voltages (gate, source, and drain). Furthermore, we utilize these devices to demonstrate multifunctional wave modulator, low-static-power logic inverter (<5 pW), and combinational logic computing in the form of a compact complementary circuit. Our work would explore an efficient approach for implementing complementary circuits using 2D materials.

Complementary Application of NPK 15.15.15 Fertilizer with Different Source of Ash Materials on the Soil Properties, Nutritional Composition and Yield Performance of Ipomoea batatas

Complementary Application of NPK 15.15.15 Fertilizer with Different Source of Ash Materials on the Soil Properties, Nutritional Composition and Yield Performance of Ipomoea batatas

A tunable chiral metasurface useable in terahertz imaging and wavefront shaping

We proposed a tunable chiral metasurface comprising a reflective bottom layer of gold, a dielectric layer of polyimide, and a structural top layer of gold-graphene. Its main properties were studied via numerical simulations conducted using CST Studio Suite. The results indicate that, based on the chiral metasurface, we achieved dual-band circular dichroism of −0.5 and 0.77 at 0.9 THz and 1.06 THz, respectively, and complementary near-field imaging applications were realized by tuning the Fermi level (E f ) of graphene. Subsequently, exploiting the exceptional selective characteristics of circularly polarized waves using a chiral metasurface, eight chiral phase-gradient metasurfaces were constructed by rotating the chiral structure. Moreover, based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle, tunable wavefront shaping applications were further realized, including anomalous reflection, vortex beams, and focusing. In anomalous reflection, the reflection angles for left-circularly polarized (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) incidences are opposite when adjusting the E f of graphene. For example, when the graphene E f is 0 eV and the LCP wave is incident at 0°, the reflection angle is −18°. Conversely, when the graphene E f is 1 eV and the RCP wave is incident at 0°, the reflection angle is 18°. In the application of vortex beams, by adjusting the E f of graphene, we achieved vortex beams with opposite topological charges under different circularly polarized incidences. In the focusing application, the incident LCP and RCP can achieve focusing and defocusing, respectively. And the graphene E f can dynamically control the focusing efficiency at the incident LCP, increasing it from 13.63% to 44.84%.

Customized Plant Growth Promotion with Soil- and Cultivar-Compatible Microbial Biofertilizers

Organic fertilizers and microbial biofertilizers are now widely recognized to effectively complement traditional mineral fertilizers for plant growth. The present study shows that bio-organic fertilizers can be enhanced by the addition of functional plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that provide additional benefits to plants. We hypothesized that not all beneficial soil bacteria are functional in different farm soils and plant varieties; hence, the most effective PGPR that are suitable to each farm’s individual cropping conditions were selected. Five different field soils and their respective crops were tested for compatibility with six microbial biofertilizers (including three new bacterial strains) to supplement a commercially available bio-organic fertilizer. In pot trials with lucerne plants, four out of the six microbial treatments led to significant (p < 0.05) growth promotion benefits (up to 79.8% more leaves and dry weight) compared to mock-treated or bio-organic fertilizer-only-treated control plants. A trial with industrial hemp demonstrated that compatibility with PGPR occurs in a cultivar-specific manner, leading to growth promotion ranging from −3.4% to 68.9%, with each cultivar displaying a preference for a different PGPR. Finally, pot trials with Rhodes grass and two different soils demonstrated high yield increases compared to control plants, with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 33YE being most effective for one soil and Bacillus velezensis UQ9000N/Pseudomonas lini SMX2 for the other soil. Yield advantages reduced after several cuts of grass, but a repeat biofertilizer treatment at 69 days after the initial treatment restored high yield advantages, with the same PGPR again being most effective. These results demonstrate the importance of customization of microbial inoculants to identify the most compatible PGPR–cultivar–soil interaction. The customization of microbial biofertilizers to soils and plant cultivars, combined with complementary fertilizer applications, can potentially lead to more reliable and more sustainable agricultural practices.

High-resolution mapping of urban Aedes aegypti immature abundance through breeding site detection based on satellite and street view imagery

Identification of Aedes aegypti breeding hotspots is essential for the implementation of targeted vector control strategies and thus the prevention of several mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Training computer vision models on satellite and street view imagery in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, we analyzed the correlation between the density of common breeding grounds and Aedes aegypti infestation measured by ovitraps on a monthly basis between 2019 and 2022. Our findings emphasized the significance (p ≤ 0.05) of micro-habitat proxies generated through object detection, allowing to explain high spatial variance in urban abundance of Aedes aegypti immatures. Water tanks, non-mounted car tires, plastic bags, potted plants, and storm drains positively correlated with Aedes aegypti egg and larva counts considering a 1000 m mosquito flight range buffer around 2700 ovitrap locations, while dumpsters, small trash bins, and large trash bins exhibited a negative association. This complementary application of satellite and street view imagery opens the pathway for high-resolution interpolation of entomological surveillance data and has the potential to optimize vector control strategies. Consequently it supports the mitigation of emerging infectious diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti, such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, which cause thousands of deaths each year.

An optimal dispatch strategy of off-grid park integrated energy system considering source volatility

An off-grid integrated energy system (IES) with hydrogen storage at park-level is proposed, utilizing wind, solar and natural gas as the main energy supply to replace fossil fuels, in order to overcome the insufficient consideration of energy source conversion and information exchange in the traditional energy system. Firstly, an IES schematic consisted with typical devices is proposed, and all the components are modelled in detail. Then, based on the renewable energy (RE) input requirements and the facility parameters, an optimal dispatch model for multi-energy conversion based on hydrogen storage has been demonstrated. In addition, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is also introduced to improve the strategy. Combined with the environmental characteristics, the multi-objective solution with the lowest economic cost and environmental cost, the highest energy supply reliability and energy efficiency as the optimization objectives is determined. Finally, a case study is conducted using the practical data of the Chongli Large-Scale Wind-Solar Complementary Coupled Hydrogen Production System Application Demonstration Project to validate the feasibility of the study under real conditions. The result shows that the RE consumption rate is greater than 99 % under the premise of considering the environmental cost and ensuring the operation reliability, which can effectively improve the operation economy and user economy of the power grid

Ergonomic evaluation of assembly line work activity in the automotive industry: a case study

The automotive industry is growing worldwide with new technologies and seeking maximum cost savings. This sector is essential for the economic development of the country, with modern industries that invest in technological innovations and control of the activities of the production process. With this, the workstations become increasingly dynamic and characterized in the logic of productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the work activity of operators of an assembly line of automotive components, from the ergonomic analysis. Through a descriptive and exploratory field study, the work activity of 30 operators of an assembly line of metallic components of the automotive industry was evaluated. Using instruments such as sociodemographic questionnaire; Nordic questionnaire; open interview, with collective questions about the development of the function, listed in an ergonomic demand items (EDIs) ranking; and complementary application of the NIOSH and OCRA methods. As a result, all respondents were male, with an average age of 30.13 ± 8.57 years, most had completed high school (76.7%), with an average working time in the company of almost two years (21.93 ± 12 months). Regarding relationships with coworkers, it was observed that the sector has a great relationship during the activities, with both colleagues and the boss. This study demonstrated a lower frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms in operators when compared to other studies. Symptoms that caused work leave were neck (3.3%), shoulders (3.3%), upper (6.7%) and lower back (6.7%), and hips/thighs (6.7%), ankle/foot (6.7%) were reported.

Surface crystallization effects on tellurium oxide thin films for low-power complementary logic circuit applications

Van-der-Waals-structured tellurium (IV) has demonstrated its potential as a promising building block for complementary logic device due to its superior electrical and optoelectronic features. Here, we demonstrated the novel approach for developing high-performance tellurium oxide (TeOX) thin film through TeOX formation and surface crystallization (SC). The crystalline structures and chemical bindings of the TeOX surfaces were carefully engineered by time- and temperature-dependent UV-ozone treatment and ALD-grown-Al2O3-assisted crystallization. The huge enhancement of device performance was achieved in the optimized SC-TeOX transistor, especially high on–off current ratio of 2.19 × 106, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of TeOX formation and SC process resulting in the enlarged bandgap, strong valence band edge localization, and the improved crystallinity. The performance enhancement mechanism was systematically studied by constructing SC-TeOX transistor with different TeOX region, where the TeOX creation in both Te channel and source/drain electrode regions dramatically improved performance owing to the decreased contact resistance and enhanced charge transport. Consequently, we achieved the high-performance low-power complementary logic circuits with SC-TeOX transistors, even reaching the maximum gain of 67.9 and low static power of 0.5 nW. Thus, this work demonstrates the great potentials of SC-TeOX transistor for developing advanced low-power complementary logic circuits.

Effects of mineralization on the hierarchical organization of collagen-a synchrotron X-ray scattering and polarized second harmonic generation study.

The process of mineralization fundamentally alters collagenous tissue biomechanics. While the structure and organization of mineral particles have been widely studied, the impact of mineralization on collagen matrix structure, particularly at the molecular scale, requires further investigation. In this study, synchrotron X-ray scattering (XRD) and polarization-resolved second harmonic generation microscopy (pSHG) were used to study normally mineralizing turkey leg tendon in tissue zones representing different stages of mineralization. XRD data demonstrated statistically significant differences in collagen D-period, intermolecular spacing, fibril and molecular dispersion and relative supramolecular twists between non-mineralizing, early mineralizing and late mineralizing zones. pSHG analysis of the same tendon zones showed the degree of collagen fibril organization was significantly greater in early and late mineralizing zones compared to non-mineralizing zones. The combination of XRD and pSHG data provide new insights into hierarchical collagen-mineral interactions, notably concerning possible cleavage of intra- or interfibrillar bonds, occlusion and reorganization of collagen by mineral with time. The complementary application of XRD and fast, label-free and non-destructive pSHG optical measurements presents a pathway for future investigations into the dynamics of molecular scale changes in collagen in the presence of increasing mineral deposition.

Improving soil chemical properties and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) yield through complementary applications of biochar, and organic and inorganic fertilizers

In spite of okra’s importance to food security in developing countries, its production is limited by low soil nutrient and health status. A screenhouse study examined soil chemical properties, okra growth and yield under complementary application of biochar, organic and inorganic fertilizer in an Ultisol. The treatments comprised 5 kg soil each amended with 5 t biochar ha−1, 5 t poultry manure compost (SPM) ha−1, urea at 56 kg N ha−1, urea (28 kg N ha−1) + 5 t biochar ha−1, 5 t ha−1 (2:1, PM: biochar) (SPMB), urea (28 kg N ha−1) + 5 t ha−1 (2:1, PM: biochar) (SPMBF2). The treatments, replicated thrice, were arranged in a completely randomized design. There were two sets of plants terminated at 50% flowering (dry matter yield (DMY) and nutrient uptake) and at 10 wk post-planting for growth and yield determination. Results revealed that soil chemical properties, okra growth and yield increased responsively to the organic amendments. The SPM, followed by SPMB and SPMBF, enhanced soil pH (0.18–0.19 unit), total N (79–100%), organic carbon (75–100%), available P (55–58%) and exchangeable cations over the control and others (p < 0.05). These treatments also increased the plant’s agronomic parameters: plant height (10–19%), number of leaves, leave area (21–31%), stem girth (33–51%), DMY (59–67%), and tissue Ca, Mg and K. The SPMBF2 – treated soil had the highest fruit yield (45 g pot−1). Conclusively, sole and complementary applications of biochar and compost improved soil chemical properties, and okra growth and yields.

Advances in the application of the bony window technique in endodontic microsurgery

The bony window technique refers to cutting the intact bone plate to form a bone window and a free bone block to get access to lesions under the bone. At the end of the surgery, the dislocated bony lid needs to be repositioned to its original position. In endodontic microsurgery, compared with conventional osteotomy, the bony window technique has the advantages of improving the view of surgery and operability, reducing postoperative bone defects, promoting bone healing, and maintaining the integrity of the jaw outline. Accurate positioning and preparation of the bony window are important prerequisites for subsequent operations during the surgery, but it's difficult in some situations, such as when the operative area is located posteriorly or the bone cortex on the lesion surface is thick and intact. What's more, whether the free bone block can be stabilized in situ after repositioning is closely related to the prognosis of the surgery. The complementary application of digital navigation technology and bone cavity filling materials may help to improve the bony window technique and provide more possibilities for the retention of affected teeth in difficult cases.

Promotion of Processability in a p-Type Thin-Film Transistor Using a Se-Te Alloying Channel Layer.

p-type thin-film transistors (pTFTs) have proven to be a significant impediment to advancing electronics beyond traditional Si-based technology. A recent study suggests that a thin and highly crystalline Te layer shows promise as a channel for high-performance pTFTs. However, achieving this still requires specific conditions, such as a cryogenic growth temperature and an extremely thin channel thickness on the order of a few nanometers. These conditions critically limit the practical feasibility of the fabrication process. Here, we report a high-performance pTFT incorporating a 60-nm-thick highly crystalline Se-Te alloyed channel layer, produced using pulsed laser ablation at room temperature. The Se0.5Te0.5 alloy system enhances crystalline temperature and widens the band gap compared to a pure Te channel. Consequently, this approach results in a field-effect mobility of 3 cm2/V·s, with an on/off current ratio of 3 × 105, a subthreshold slope of 2.1 V/decade, and a turn-on voltage of 6.5 V, achieved through conventional annealing at 250 °C. To demonstrate its applicability in complementary circuit applications, we integrate a complementary-type inverter using a p-type Se0.5Te0.5 TFT and an n-type Al-doped InZnSnO, demonstrating a high voltage gain of 12 and a low static power consumption of 17 nW. This suggests that the Se-Te alloyed channel approach paves the way to a more straightforward and cost-effective process for Te-based pTFT devices and their applications.

Valorization of Hermetia illucens breeding rejects by chitins and chitosans production. Influence of processes and life cycle on their physicochemical characteristics

Breeding of the black soldier fly is carried out to produce proteins. It is accompanied by releases during the life cycle of this insect. This work is a study of the valorization of these rejects through the production of chitins and chitosans with controlled characteristics. An extraction process is developed with an order of treatments and reaction conditions that provide chitins with high contents. These contents increase as the stages of the life cycle progress and drop for the adult. However, the exuviae chitins present organic impurities which will be eliminated at the N-deacetylation reaction for pupe and after a purification treatment for chitosan from larval stages. All these chitins have an α structure although certain physicochemical characteristics of the larval exuviae chitins are close to those presented by γ chitin. The observed shifts are linked to the effect of impurities rather than to a difference in structure. N-deacetylation of chitins makes possible the valorization of all rejects by the production of pure chitosans with high yields which retain a porous structure for the exuviae and fibrous for the adult which allow complementary applications. These chitosans are highly to completely deacetylated and their molar masses can vary depending on the process and life stage.

V-Mail: 3D-Enabled Correspondence About Spatial Data on (Almost) All Your Devices.

We present V-Mail, a framework of cross-platform applications, interactive techniques, and communication protocols for improved multi-person correspondence about spatial 3D datasets. Inspired by the daily use of e-mail, V-Mail seeks to enable a similar style of rapid, multi-person communication accessible on any device; however, it aims to do this in the new context of spatial 3D communication, where limited access to 3D graphics hardware typically prevents such communication. The approach integrates visual data storytelling with data exploration, spatial annotations, and animated transitions. V-Mail "data stories" are exported in a standard video file format to establish a common baseline level of access on (almost) any device. The V-Mail framework also includes a series of complementary client applications and plugins that enable different degrees of story co-authoring and data exploration, adjusted automatically to match the capabilities of various devices. A lightweight, phone-based V-Mail app makes it possible to annotate data by adding captions to the video. These spatial annotations are then immediately accessible to team members running high-end 3D graphics visualization systems that also include a V-Mail client, implemented as a plugin. Results and evaluation from applying V-Mail to assist communication within an interdisciplinary science team studying Antarctic ice sheets confirm the utility of the asynchronous, cross-platform collaborative framework while also highlighting some current limitations and opportunities for future work.

Corpus linguistic exploration of Russian-Vietnamese mutual perceptions

Despite long-term fruitful relations between Russia and Vietnam, there is still a need for studies that would deepen intercultural understanding between the two peoples. In this paper, Russian-Vietnamese mutual perceptions are analyzed relying on corpus linguistic methods. Data collection was conducted in the course of a preceding study aimed at the reconstruction and investigation of mutual representations of the Russian and Vietnamese peoples through experimentally obtained ethnic portraits and self-portraits of the two respective nations. Here, the empirical data of the collected data is further deeper examined by corpus linguistic tools (Sketch Engine, Atlas.ti). In order to gain a more comprehensive picture of the two nations’ mutual and self-perceptions, Russian-Vietnamese pairs of characteristics were identified and semantically contrasted to Russian and Vietnamese reference corpora as common parts of mutual perceptions. Connotational differences of the studied characteristics were identified, analyzed, and categorized and unique traits of the Russian and Vietnamese mutual and self-perceptions were identified and investigated. Collocations and thesauri of the relevant characteristics were examined, complemented by the corpus-based analysis of the two nations’ perceptions. The obtained results suggest that the Top-10 most typical common traits of mutual and self-perceptions of the two peoples comprise noteworthy semantic differences. The research confirmed the effectiveness of the complementary application of the questionnaire-based and the corpus linguistic methods. It is concluded that the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches gives a more comprehensive picture of how the ethnic portraits and self-portraits are reflected in languages and cultures.

Molecular mechanism of the metal-independent production of hydroxyl radicals by thiourea dioxide and H2O2

It is well-known that highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (HO•) can be produced by the classic Fenton system and our recently discovered haloquinone/H2O2 system, but rarely from thiol-derivatives. Here, we found, unexpectedly, that HO• can be generated from H2O2 and thiourea dioxide (TUO2), a widely used and environmentally friendly bleaching agent. A carbon-centered radical and sulfite were detected and identified as the transient intermediates, and urea and sulfate as the final products, with the complementary application of electron spin-trapping, oxygen-18 isotope labeling coupled with HPLC/MS analysis. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to further elucidate the detailed pathways for HO• production. Taken together, we proposed that the molecular mechanism for HO• generation by TUO2/H2O2: TUO2 tautomerizes from sulfinic acid into ketone isomer (TUO2-K) through proton transfer, then a nucleophilic addition of H2O2 on the S atom of TUO2-K, forming a S-hydroperoxide intermediate TUO2-OOH, which dissociates homolytically to produce HO•. Our findings represent the first experimental and computational study on an unprecedented new molecular mechanism of HO• production from simple thiol-derived sulfinic acids, which may have broad chemical, environmental, and biomedical significance for future research on the application of the well-known bleaching agent and its analogs.

Protection and Modeling in the Use of S, Ca, and Mg Alternatives for Long-Term Sustainable Fertilization Systems

The complexity of NP and NPK fertilizers in stationary and long-term system yields is proven to determine substantial changes in soil fertility, revealing interaction possibilities related to the chemistry and requirements of other nutrients (S, Ca, Mg, and microelements), while sustainable fertilization can exert control over them through rational fertilization practices and complex nutritive management. Revealing the extent of the modifying effects in the application of S, Ca, and Mg correlated to the soil-plant system conditions relates to the hypothesis of the present research in the context of long-term experiments in Romania at the Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies Alba (OSPA Alba) and the Turda Agricultural Research and Development Station (SCDA Turda) with 55 years of a fertilizing effect over the 1967–2022 period, but not solely. This study shows that for sustainable fertilization systems, the complementary application of S, Ca, and Mg with NP and NPK has proven to be effective and unitarily constitutes a measure for the sustainable protection and enhancement of soil fertility.

Field Applications of Fluorinated Nematicides for Meloidogyne enterolobii Management on Tomato.

Mexico is the 8th largest producer of tomatoes. Meloidogyne enterolobii is reported in Sinaloa, affecting tomato cultivars with genetic resistance to Meloidogyne spp. We aimed to evaluate field applications of fluopyram, fluensulfone, and fluazaindolizine treatments for managing M. enterolobii on tomatoes. Experiments were set on raised beds in a shade house. Nematicides were applied via drip irrigation. Under fluopyram treatment, M. enterolobii did not reduce the number of extra-large-size fruits. The number of large-size fruits with fluopyram and fluazaindolizine plus fluopyram treatments was also unaffected by M. enterolobii. Yield from the treatments fluopyram, fluazaindolizine plus fluopyram, and fluensulfone plus fluopyram was similar to the control treatment without M. enterolobii. Finally, fluazaindolizine plus fluopyram, fluopyram, and fluensulfone plus fluopyram treatments showed the highest reduction of root galling. We conclude that the fluopyram was more effective as an individual treatment. Pre-plant applications of fluensulfone and fluazaindolizine reduced the damage to the plant and the loss of yield; however, the complementary application of fluorinated nematicides improved the management of M. enterolobii in the tomato crop.