Complementary Application Research Articles

Aile Hekimi ve Pediatristlerin Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıbba (GETAT) Bakışı

Amaç: Son yıllarda ülkemizde ve tüm dünyada isimlendirilmesinde hâlâ fikir birliği sağlanmamış olan, bir dizi geleneksel, tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları hekimler/hekim dışı kişilerce uygulanır hale gelmiştir. Hekimlerin bu gelişmelere bakışı merak edilmekte ve hastaların GETAT ile ilgili uygulamalar konusunda soruları olmaktadır. Biz de hedef grup olarak Pediatrist ve Aile Hekimlerinin GETAT Uygulamalarına Bakışı, Yaklaşımı ve Bilgi Düzeylerini ölçmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışma; Nisan-Haziran 2019 aylarında Aile Hekimleri ve Pediatristler ile Google online anket aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; gerekli literatür taraması sonucunda oluşturulan 33 soru katılımcılara online olarak yöneltilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 106 kişi katıldı. Katılımcıların %69’u Aile Hekimi, %31’i pediatrist idi. Aile hekimlerinin GETAT sertifikası sahip olma oranı pediatristlere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Bu uygulamaları hekimlerin %47’si hastalarına önerebileceklerini ifade ederken, %22’si önermeyeceğini söyledi, geri kalanı (%31) kararsızdı. Pediatristler, aile hekimlerine göre GETAT uygulamalarını daha az tavsiye ediyordu. Hekimler; %51 oranda GETAT yöntemlerini faydalı bulurken, %18’i faydasız buldu. GETAT konusunda bilgi düzeyi sorgulandı. Hiç yok %7, Az %54, Orta %28, İyi %8, Çok iyi %3 idi. “GETAT uygulamlarının koruyucu hekimliklik uygulamaları açısından olumlu etkilerinin olup olmayacağını” sorduğumuzda %48’i olumlu katkı sunacağını düşünüyordu. Sonuç: GETAT konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin iki büyük hekim grubu olan Aile Hekimleri ve Pediatrilerde yeterli düzeyde olmadığı, eğitimin hiçbir aşamasında geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp ile ilgili bir eğitim almamakla birlikte Türk toplumunun bunu pratikte kullanıyor olması bu konuda bilimsel çalışmalar yapmayı ve bilgi sahibi olmayı zorunlu kılmakta, tutum ve davranışların daha doğru alınması sonucunu doğuracaktır.

Empirical study of gap and correlation between philosophies Safety-I and Safety-II: A case of Beijing taxi service system

In contrast to the conventional safety philosophy (Safety-I) which focuses on ‘what goes wrong’, a newborn one (Safety-II) focusing on ‘what goes right’ endows people with more opportunities to realize productive safety in complex socio-technical systems. Yet, it is challenging to make the best of both the philosophies in a period of knowledge transition when they may have to coexist. This work investigates how Safety-II may resemble, differ from, and correlate to Safety-I. From individual, environmental and organizational aspects, 9 impacting factors are identified and expounded comparatively in the two philosophies. To examine impact of the factors on accidents and resilience respectively, an empirical approach is presented in the context of Beijing taxi service system (BTSS). Multiple means such as questionnaire surveys, semi-structured interviews, and statistical analysis with bi-method (Correlation Analysis, and Data Envelopment Analysis) cross-checking are utilized comprehensively to support the empirical study. The results show that: a) individual factors play a dominant role in system risk/performance management, in respect to views of both Safety-I and II; and b) organizational factors are more influential in creating and maintaining system resilience. Based on the findings, possible patterns of integrating the two philosophies are instantiated through mutually complementary application to BTSS. Despite the context of BTSS, this work provides a feasible way of comparing between Safety-I and Safety-II, for beneficial reference of other socio-technical systems.

Bal Arısı Ürünleri ve Apiterapi

Bal arısı ürünleri içerisinde en çok bilineni baldır. Oysa bal dışında besleyici ve tedaviye destek özellikte başka arı ürünleri de vardır. Polen, arı sütü ve propolis son yılarda yapılan araştırma sayısı en fazla olan arı ürünleri arasında yerini almıştır. Bununla birlikte arı ekmeği (perga) ve erkek arı larvası (apilarnil) gibi ürünler ise çok bilinmeyen ve hakkında az çalışma olan ürünlerdir. Apiterapi; arı ve arı ürünlerinin koruyucu ve bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde tamamlayıcı uygulama yöntemi olarak kullanılması biçimidir. Ancak bu uygulamaların başarılı bir şekilde yapılabilmesi için bu ürünlerin kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerinin bilinmesi gereklidir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada arı ürünlerinin tanımı, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri ile terapötik aktivitelerine yer verilmiştir.

A comparative study on the application of single-layer MoS2 and WS2 for probing methylated and mutated nucleobases: a vdW-DFT study†

Low-cost, swift and reliable DNA sequencing, if achieved, is expected to set the stage for accessible personal medicine and there is an ongoing quest to leverage two-dimensional (2D) materials for the realization of single-molecule-precision DNA sequencing. Towards this, in the present work, we report a comparative van der Waals density functional theory (vdW-DFT) investigation on the adsorption characteristics of one mutated, two methylated, and four canonical DNA nucleobases on single-layer molybdenum disulfide (SL-MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (SL-WS2) substrates. Our findings show that all of the considered nucleobases are physisorbed with negligible electron transfer, in the range of 0.007|e| to 0.041|e| (0.004|e| to 0.032|e|) for SL-MoS2 (SL-WS2), from the adsorbate to the substrate. We demonstrate that, compared to SL-WS2, nucleobase adsorption tends to decrease the work function of SL-MoS2 more drastically which may pave the way for electronic detection of the nucleobases. It is also observed that upon adsorption, the bandgap value of SL-MoS2 (SL-WS2) shrinks by as much as 49% (30%). It is found that nucleobase adsorption gives rise to the emergence of distinct electron energy loss spectra, thereby pointing to the potential offered by the complementary and concurrent application of SL-MoS2 and SL-WS2 to identify both canonical and modified DNA nucleobases.

Deep furrow and additional liming for coffee cultivation under first year in a naturally dense inceptisol

Naturally dense soils have been commonly managed for coffee plantations in Vertentes Fields physiographic zone of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Such dense soils in association with the irregular rainfall in recent years have increased risks for crop productivity. Therefore, management practices aiming at improving subsoil root exploration have been recommended for enhancing absorption of water and nutrient uptake, thus mitigating the edaphic drought process and ensuring the development, productivity, and longevity of the coffee crop. A field experiment was carried out in an area of dense Inceptisols through the planting of the coffee crop to investigate the effect of deep furrowing with additional liming on soil quality indexes and as a function of normalized pore distribution by volume [S*(h)]. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 5 treatments: 40 (conventional soil preparation with furrows at 0.40 m of depth); 60 (soil preparation with furrow to 0.60 m of depth with conventional (60S) and complementary liming application (60C)); 80 (soil preparation with furrow to 0.80 m of depth with conventional (80S) and complementary liming application (80C)). These treatments were compared to an area under native Cerrado vegetation. Undisturbed soil samples were collected at different depths in each treatment. On these samples, water content was measured at different matrix potentials, and physical quality indicators along with the S*(h) were calculated. The results indicated that soil management practices, compared to the native condition, promoted a better distribution of water and air (PAWC, RFC, PMAC and S index) as well S*(h) up to 0.40 m. Below this depth, none of the management practices were able to promote significant improvements (p < 0.05) of these variables in relation to the soil native condition. The 80C treatment had the best air and water availability, with increased of pore size class having functions of drainage and aeration. Moreover, this treatment stood out in comparison to the conventional management (40) for all measured variables, maintaining the adequate conditions of the native area in depth. For the managed areas, the depth of 0.60 m gave the best improved growth and vegetative vigor of the coffee plants.

Wavelet spectral testing: Application to nonstationary circadian rhythms

Rhythmic data are ubiquitous in the life sciences. Biologists need reliable statistical tests to identify whether a particular experimental treatment has caused a significant change in a rhythmic signal. When these signals display nonstationary behaviour, as is common in many biological systems, the established methodologies may be misleading. Therefore, there is a real need for new methodology that enables the formal comparison of nonstationary processes. As circadian behaviour is best understood in the spectral domain, here we develop novel hypothesis testing procedures in the (wavelet) spectral domain, embedding replicate information when available. The data are modelled as realisations of locally stationary wavelet processes, allowing us to define and rigorously estimate their evolutionary wavelet spectra. Motivated by three complementary applications in circadian biology, our new methodology allows the identification of three specific types of spectral difference. We demonstrate the advantages of our methodology over alternative approaches, by means of a comprehensive simulation study and real data applications, using both published and newly generated circadian datasets. In contrast to the current standard methodologies, our method successfully identifies differences within the motivating circadian datasets, and facilitates wider ranging analyses of rhythmic biological data in general.

First principles investigation of Y2O3-doped HfO2

First-principles calculations based on a truncated Coulomb hybrid functional were used to elucidate Y2O3 doping of HfO2. We calculated the formation enthalpies as well as density of states of nearly 1200 defective structures of two phases of HfO2: room-temperature monoclinic and high-temperature cubic structures. For dilute doping, the monoclinic phase is retained and electron trapping states are introduced near the conduction band minimum. For doping concentrations near to 12.5 at. %, the cubic phase is stabilized and the gap is free from charge trapping defect states, making it a suitable high-dielectric constant material for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor applications.

Molecular mechanism for the activation of the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid by Mn(III): First detection and unequivocal identification of the critical N-centered isoniazidyl radical and its exact location

Isoniazid (INH), the most-widely used anti-tuberculosis drug, has been shown to be activated by Mn(III) to produce the reactive carbon-centered isonicotinic acyl radical, which was considered to be responsible for its anti-tuberculosis activity. However, it is still not clear whether the previously-proposed N-centered isoniazidyl radical intermediate can be initially produced or not; and if so, what is its exact location on the hydrazine group, distal- or proximal-nitrogen? Through complementary applications of ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods, here we show that the characteristic and transient N-centered isoniazidyl radical intermediate can be detected and identified from INH activation uniquely by Mn(III)Acetate not by Mn(III) pyrophosphate. The exact location of the radical was found to be at the distal-nitrogen of the hydrazine group by 15N-isotope-labeling techniques via using 15N-labeled INH. Diisonicotinyl hydrazine was identified as a new reaction product from INH/Mn(III). Analogous results were observed with other hydrazides. This study represents the first detection and unequivocal identification of the initial N-centered isoniazidyl radical and its exact location. These findings should provide a new perspective on the molecular mechanism of INH activation, which may have broad biomedical and toxicological significance for future research for more efficient hydrazide anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Database of Historical Atlases: An Interactive Web Application

Abstract. Within the currently solved project of Czech Historical Atlas, an extensive analytic research of existing historical atlases was conducted with the aim of creating a large database of Czech (Czechoslovak) and foreign historical atlases released after 1950. During the analysis, the team collected information about more than 400 items. Beside the standard bibliographic description (title, author, country of origin, language, availability in the library, etc.), the database contains additional detail information on the content of the atlases, such as a chronological or spatial determination of the maps or applied methods of thematic cartography, that cannot be found in any library catalogue. The database is published as a complementary web application to Czech Historical Atlas web portal. Besides the large amount of collected information, the database of historical atlases in the form of an interactive web application provides a user-friendly visual analytic platform that enables the user to analyse information about historical atlases easily and effectively across fully interactive dashboards. The database can be used not only by academics in the field of historical and atlas cartography but also by broad public interested in this topic. The web application exists in Czech and English version to meet both, Czech and international public.

Dialogic listening: how music may help us become better philosophers

This paper is about dialogic listening as a precondition for meaningful engagement in Socratic dialogues and for music. In order to arrive at a better understanding of what constitutes dialogic listening in the context of educational philosophical dialogues, I first shed light on the practice of philosophy teaching based on Nelson &amp; Heckmann’s neo-Socratic paradigm and link this practice to Plato’s dialogues. I then argue that the activity of listening to an interlocutor during Socratic dialogues on the one hand, and listening to music on the other, may in both cases be understood as a precondition for the process of engagement and, consequently, the co-creation of meaning as a central objective to the philosophical practice. I show this by discussing both Buber and Gadamer, combining their insights into three interrelated features of dialogic listening: 1) openness, 2) reciprocity, and 3) awareness, which apply to both philosophical dialogues and music. Ultimately, I attempt to make a case for the complementary application of music in the philosophical educational practice.

Managing Product Complexity and Variety for Operational Performance through an Integrated Green Supply Chain

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of product variety and product complexity on firm’s operational performance when they are operating in a globally connected green supply chain. A survey utilizing a self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 161 frontend merchandisers of apparel manufacturing firms in Sri Lanka. The results indicate that the relationship between product variety and operational performance is fully mediated by green supply chain management while the relationship between product complexity and operational performance is partially mediated by green supply chain management. Thus, organisations that operate dynamic product portfolios (i.e., a variety of complex products) need green supply chain management practices to improve operational performance. This study emphasises the complementary application of the resource based view with coordination theory to explain how resources of the firm should be allocated and coordinated with regard to variety and complexity.

Matrix-dependent size modifications of iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxytol) spiked into rat blood cells and plasma: Characterisation with TEM, AF4-UV-MALS-ICP-MS/MS and spICP-MS

Engineered nanoparticles such as iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (IONPs) offer several benefits in nanomedicine, notably as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ferumoxytol, a suspension of IONPs (with a manufacturer's reported particle diameter of 27 nm–30 nm) was characterized as a standard by spiking into rat blood plasma and cell fractions. Nanoparticle separation, and characterisation was investigated with asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled online to ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detectors; also with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MALS signal of pristine Ferumoxytol indicated radii of gyration (Rg) between 15 and 28 nm for the Fe-containing fraction and 30–75 nm for the non-Fe fraction. IONPs spiked into blood plasma indicated a polydisperse distribution between 40 nm - 120 nm suggesting matrix-induced size alterations. Spiking of the IONPs into cells showed a shift in ICP-MS Fe signal to 15 min, however the MALS signal was undetected within the Fe containing fraction of the IONPs suggesting NP loss due to membrane-particle attraction. spICP-MS analysis of IONPs spiked in rat plasma suggested the release of Fe-containing colloids into plasma causing an increase in diameter of IONPs to 52 ± 0.8 nm; whereas no major variation in particle size and distribution of the IONPs spiked in cell fractions was observed (33.2 ± 2.0 nm) suggesting non-alteration of the NP Fe core. A complementary application of microscopic, light scattering, and mass spectrometry techniques for the characterisation of NPs in challenging biological matrices like blood has been demonstrated.

Complementary Application of Inoculant in Post-emergence on Soybean Crop

Objective: Inoculation is an important agricultural practice in soybean cultivation that guarantees high productivity without the external input of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the complementary of liquid inoculant (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), via leaf, in different times and different application rates, affects the nodulation, plant growth and soybean productivity.&#x0D; Study design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, with four replications, in a 5x3 factorial scheme, evaluating the complementary inoculant application, via foliar (0; 75; 150; 225 e 300 mL ha-1), in three stages of vegetative development of the crop (V2, V4 e V6).&#x0D; Location and duration of the study: The study was performed in a commercial area, in the municipality of Sinop, in the northern of Mato Grosso State, between October 2017 and February 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: The cultivation was in soil classified as Red-yellow Latosol with of clayey texture, was in a direct seeding system, using the cultivar NS7901RR. The seeds used were treated and inoculated at sowing, with turfous inoculant and liquid. The experimental units received the complementary applications of inoculant, via pulverization, at 15, 21 and 28 days after emergence, according to the treatment.&#x0D; Results: It was verify that the different times of application of foliar inoculant, does not condition significant differences to the parameters measured in this study. The complementary inoculant application affected, significantly, the leaf chlorophyll index (P &lt;0.05), as well as the dry matter mass of the plants (P &lt;0.001). Up to 300 mL ha-1, a gradual increase in grain yield was verified.&#x0D; Conclusion: The complementary supply of liquid inoculant (B. japonicum), via foliar, in different rates application, affects the nodulation and development of the plants and the productive yield of the crop.

Smart City System Design

Recent global smart city efforts resemble the establishment of electricity networks when electricity was first invented, which meant the start of a new era to sell electricity as a utility. A century later, in the smart era, the network to deliver services goes far beyond a single entity like electricity. Supplemented by a well-established Internet infrastructure that can run an endless number of applications, abundant processing and storage capabilities of clouds, resilient edge computing, and sophisticated data analysis like machine learning and deep learning, an already-booming Internet of Things movement makes this new era far more exciting. In this article, we present a multi-faceted survey of machine intelligence in modern implementations. We partition smart city infrastructure into application, sensing, communication, security, and data planes and put an emphasis on the data plane as the mainstay of computing and data storage. We investigate (i) a centralized and distributed implementation of data plane’s physical infrastructure and (ii) a complementary application of data analytics, machine learning, deep learning, and data visualization to implement robust machine intelligence in a smart city software core. We finalize our article with pointers to open issues and challenges.

Evaluation of REDCap to Supplement Foodborne Disease Surveillance Systems

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the use of a supplementary data management application to meet surveillance demands for foodborne disease in Tennessee and to highlight successes, challenges, and opportunities identified through this process.IntroductionThe Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) Foodborne Disease Program conducts routine surveillance for foodborne illnesses and enteric disease outbreaks and participates in statewide enhanced surveillance as part of the Foodborne Disease Center for Outbreak Response Enhancement (FoodCORE) and the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). TDH uses the CDC NEDSS Base System (NBS) application for routine disease surveillance. However, NBS serves multiple disease programs within TDH and modifications to the system for the rapidly changing data demands, grant requirements, and outbreak needs of the foodborne program, may not be a priority for the system as a whole. In 2014, the TDH Foodborne Disease Program began using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) application as a solution to changing surveillance needs. FoodCORE, FoodNet, and routine surveillance data elements are entered into REDCap to supplement NBS, depending on program specific needs and system capability.MethodsREDCap was queried for FoodCORE, FoodNet, and routine surveillance projects. Projects were categorized by surveillance activity type. Epidemiologists provided qualitative feedback on successes and challenges in using REDCap to supplement NBS, which were then categorized into attributes according to existing frameworks for evaluating public health surveillance systems.1, 2ResultsAs of August 2018, the TDH Foodborne program housed 45 individual REDCap databases dedicated to surveillance. Four primary database categories were identified: routine case-based surveillance (8), enhanced/active surveillance (6), aggregate outbreak/cluster surveillance tracking (6), and outbreak-specific databases (25). The REDCap application programming interface (API) and an open database connection to NBS within SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) were used to create unilateral data flow from NBS to REDCap, where possible. Successes and challenges in using REDCap fell into six main surveillance system attributes: Flexibility, Ease of Data Management, Stability, Simplicity, Efficiency, and Acceptability. Successes included the high level of control over data and databases offered by REDCap, the flexibility to rapidly implement program-specific changes, and the accessibility and reliability of REDCap as a de facto back-up of NBS data. Challenges included lack of interoperability between REDCap databases and with NBS, leading to dual data entry, overuse of REDCap resulting in unnecessarily complex and decentralized data storage (Figure 1), and increased personnel time on data management and extraction for metrics and reports.ConclusionsUsing REDCap in Tennessee to supplement an existing disease surveillance application increased flexibility and functionality of the foodborne disease surveillance system, but also added complexity and time involved in data management. The Nationally Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System Modernization Initiative (NMI) is developing a standardized message mapping guide (MMG) in collaboration with states and CDC, which incorporates FoodNet data elements and would transition data collection tools in NBS for foodborne diseases to a more portable and flexible format. Implementation of this MMG could minimize case-based data entry into REDCap. Tools that offer increased interoperability between NBS and REDCap and between REDCap databases could also improve the efficiency of using complementary applications for rapidly changing foodborne disease surveillance needs.

Reduction of Threshold Voltage Hysteresis of MoS2 Transistors with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Passivation and Its Application for Improved Synaptic Behavior.

Although molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is highlighted as a promising channel material, MoS2-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have a large threshold voltage hysteresis (Δ VTH) from interface traps at their gate interfaces. In this work, the Δ VTH of MoS2 FETs is significantly reduced by inserting a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) passivation layer at the MoS2/SiO2 gate interface owing to passivation of the interface traps. The Δ VTH is reduced from 23 to 10.8 V by inserting the 1%-APTES passivation layers because APTES passivation prevents trapping and detrapping of electrons, which are the major source of the Δ VTH. The reduction in the density of interface traps ( Dit) is confirmed by the improvement of the subthreshold swing (SS) after inserting the APTES layer. Furthermore, the improvement in the synaptic characteristics of the MoS2 FET through the APTES passivation is investigated. Both inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic currents (PSC) are increased by 33% owing to the reduction in the Δ VTH and the n-type doping effect of the APTES layer; moreover, the linearity of PSC characteristics is significantly improved because the reduction in Δ VTH enables the synaptic operation to be over the threshold region, which is linear. The application of the APTES gate passivation technique to MoS2 FETs is promising for reliable and accurate synaptic applications in neuromorphic computing technology as well as for the next-generation complementary logic applications.

Wireless Sensor Networks Composed of Standard Microcomputers and Smartphones for Applications in Structural Health Monitoring.

Wireless sensor networks have attracted great attention for applications in structural health monitoring due to their ease of use, flexibility of deployment, and cost-effectiveness. This paper presents a software framework for WiFi-based wireless sensor networks composed of low-cost mass market single-board computers. A number of specific system-level software components were developed to enable robust data acquisition, data processing, sensor network communication, and timing with a focus on structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The framework was validated on Raspberry Pi computers, and its performance was studied in detail. The paper presents several characteristics of the measurement quality such as sampling accuracy and time synchronization and discusses the specific limitations of the system. The implementation includes a complementary smartphone application that is utilized for data acquisition, visualization, and analysis. A prototypical implementation further demonstrates the feasibility of integrating smartphones as data acquisition nodes into the network, utilizing their internal sensors. The measurement system was employed in several monitoring campaigns, three of which are documented in detail. The suitability of the system is evaluated based on comparisons of target quantities with reference measurements. The results indicate that the presented system can robustly achieve a measurement performance commensurate with that required in many typical SHM tasks such as modal identification. As such, it represents a cost-effective alternative to more traditional monitoring solutions.

How often do women use non-drug treatment methods for psyschiatric symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum periods?

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medical applications (CAM) and non-drug treatments of women during their pregnancies, postpartum periods and the changes between these periods. The Screening Form for Non-pharmacologic Methods Used during Pregnancy and Postpartum period was administered to the participants. Passiflora (Incarnata), Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort), omega 3 supplements, bright light treatment, transmagnetic stimulation, S-adenosyl- methionine, herbal teas, biofeedback/neurofeedback, amulets, exercise, acupuncture and psychotherapy were investigated. The ratio of the use of one of the CAM methods for psychiatric complaints during people’s lifetime was found to be 33.3% (n=162). Herbal teas were the main practice used during pregnancy (58.8%) and the postpartum. The use of CAM according to the utilization periods of the participants statistically significantly decreased in those who were currently pregnant (Cochran’s Q=298.007; P<0.05). The use of participants’ non-drug treatments in the periodical follow-up decreased in those who are currently pregnant and increased during the postpartum period.

Disparate Catalytic Scaffolds for Atroposelective Cyclodehydration.

Catalysts that control stereochemistry are prized tools in chemical synthesis. When an effective catalyst is found, it is often explored for other types of reactions, frequently under the auspices of different mechanisms. As successes mount, a unique catalyst scaffold may become viewed as "privileged". However, the mechanistic hallmarks of privileged catalysts are not easily enumerated or readily generalized to genuinely different classes of reactions or substrates. We explored the concept of scaffold uniqueness with two catalyst types for an unusual atropisomer-selective cyclodehydration: (a) C2-symmetric chiral phosphoric acids and (b) phosphothreonine-embedded, peptidic phosphoric acids. Pragmatically, both catalyst scaffolds proved fertile for enantioselective/atroposelective cyclodehydrations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the determinants of often equivalent and high atroposelectivity are different for the two catalyst classes. A data-descriptive classification of these asymmetric catalysts reveals an increasingly broad set of catalyst chemotypes, operating with different mechanistic features, that creates new opportunities for broad and complementary application of catalyst scaffolds in diverse substrate space.

How often do women use non-drug treatment methods for psychiatric symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum periods?

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medical applications (CAM) and non-drug treatments of women during their pregnancies, postpartum periods and the changes between these periods. The Screening Form for Non-pharmacologic Methods Used during Pregnancy and Postpartum period was administered to the participants. Passiflora (Incarnata), Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort), omega 3 supplements, bright light treatment, transmagnetic stimulation, S-adenosyl-methionine, herbal teas, biofeedback/neurofeedback, amulets, exercise, acupuncture and psychotherapy were investigated. The ratio of the use of one of the CAM methods for psychiatric complaints during people's lifetime was found to be 33.3% (n=162). Herbal teas were the main practice used during pregnancy (58.8%) and the postpartum. The use of CAM according to the utilization periods of the participants statistically significantly decreased in those who were currently pregnant (Cochran's Q=298.007; P&lt;0.05). The use of participants' non-drug treatments in the periodical follow-up decreased in those who are currently pregnant and increased during the postpartum period.