Complementarity Model Research Articles

Consonant Perception in Connected Syllables Spoken at a Conversational Syllabic Rate.

Closed-set consonant identification, measured using nonsense syllables, has been commonly used to investigate the encoding of speech cues in the human auditory system. Such tasks also evaluate the robustness of speech cues to masking from background noise and their impact on auditory-visual speech integration. However, extending the results of these studies to everyday speech communication has been a major challenge due to acoustic, phonological, lexical, contextual, and visual speech cue differences between consonants in isolated syllables and in conversational speech. In an attempt to isolate and address some of these differences, recognition of consonants spoken in multisyllabic nonsense phrases (e.g., aBaSHaGa spoken as /ɑbɑʃɑɡɑ/) produced at an approximately conversational syllabic rate was measured and compared with consonant recognition using Vowel-Consonant-Vowel bisyllables spoken in isolation. After accounting for differences in stimulus audibility using the Speech Intelligibility Index, consonants spoken in sequence at a conversational syllabic rate were found to be more difficult to recognize than those produced in isolated bisyllables. Specifically, place- and manner-of-articulation information was transmitted better in isolated nonsense syllables than for multisyllabic phrases. The contribution of visual speech cues to place-of-articulation information was also lower for consonants spoken in sequence at a conversational syllabic rate. These data imply that auditory-visual benefit based on models of feature complementarity from isolated syllable productions may over-estimate real-world benefit of integrating auditory and visual speech cues.

A link-node-based complementarity model for traffic equilibrium with ride-sharing and trunk-sharing

ABSTRACT Trunk-sharing (TS), a nascent ride-sharing (RS)-based crowdsourced delivery service, has been reshaping the pattern of urban logistics and the spatial distribution of urban traffic congestion. However, it is not yet clear how RS and TS interact and affect the urban traffic system. To this end, a link-node-based user equilibrium model -is proposed to describe the users’ decisions in the presence of RS and TS program and thereby to forecast the long-term effects of these two modes and of existed policies, such as car restrictions and cordon tolling. The model is formulated as a nonlinear complementarity problem and the existence of equilibria is proven under some mild conditions. Numerical results showed that integrating RS and TS can dramatically decreases the total travel time . Moreover, car restriction- can incentivize more TS to enter the central business districts (CBDs), while cordon tolling- can incentivize more RS participants to enter the CBDs .

North American Natural Gas Markets Under LNG Demand Growth and Infrastructure Restrictions

Strong liquefied natural gas (LNG) demand growth, especially in Asia, could increasingly motivate gas infrastructure development in North America. Nevertheless, opposition to new gas infrastructure is formidable in some of the U.S. states and Canadian provinces that are well positioned to supply LNG to the Asian market. In this paper, we investigate the combined effects of LNG demand growth and export infrastructure restrictions on North American natural gas markets through 2050. To do so, we build a mixed complementarity model with endogenous capacity investments. It is parameterized using publicly available data sources. Our results show that even if new export terminals cannot be constructed on the West Coast, LNG exports largely shift to other regions rather than suffer an overall decline. Increasing external demand for LNG puts upward pressure on regional prices in North America, and directs production and pipeline flows toward the regions that export LNG.

An optimization model and method for supply chain equilibrium management problem

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we establish a nonlinear complementarity model and algorithm for supply chain equilibrium management problem consisting of manufacturers, retailers and consumer markets. This work focus on the price of the goods of retailer sell to consumer market in which is a function of the amount of products that are transacted between the retailer and the consumer. Based on this, we investigate the optimizing behavior of the various decision-makers, derive the equilibrium conditions of the manufacturers, the retailers and the consumer markets respectively, and establish a nonlinear complementarity model of this problem. To obtain optimal decision for the problem, we propose a new type of algorithm based on established model, and its global convergence is presented without the assumption of global Lipschitz continuous in detail. The efficiency of given algorithm is also illustrated through some numerical examples.</p>

Complementarity Modeling of a Ramsey-Type Equilibrium Problem with Heterogeneous Agents

We contribute to the field of Ramsey-type equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents. To this end, we state such a model in a time-continuous and time-discrete form, which in the latter case leads to a finite-dimensional mixed complementarity problem. We prove the existence of solutions of the latter problem using the theory of variational inequalities and present further properties of its solutions. Finally, we compute the growth dynamics in a calibrated model in which households differ with respect to their relative risk aversion, their discount factors, their initial wealth, and with respect to their interest rates on savings.

A complementarity model for electric power transmission-distribution coordination under uncertainty

The growing penetration of stochastic renewable energy sources increases the need for operational flexibility to cope with imbalances. Existing proposals for flexibility procurement are envisioning markets where the transmission system operator (TSO) can access flexible resources located at the distribution system operator (DSO)-level and vice versa, but the coordination between these two entities is a matter of active research. We consider two trading floors, i.e., day-ahead and real-time markets, and propose a method for day-ahead coordination on how to share flexible resources, described as a complementarity model. The proposed coordination approach is to optimize prices and capacity limits at the physical interface of TSO and DSO, the so-called “coordination variables”. For given values of these variables, the DSO pre-qualifies the participation of DSO-level resources in the day-ahead market by capping their quantity bids. This way, the DSO ensures that the constraints of its system, modeled by a conic program, will be respected. Pursuing computational tractability, we decompose the model using a multi-cut Benders’ decomposition approach. It separates the conic modeling of real-time power flows under each scenario from the mixed-integer linear formulation of the day-ahead market-clearing problem. We quantify the potential benefit of the proposed coordination method in terms of improved social welfare. Using an ex-post out-of-sample simulation, the performance of the proposed coordination method is assessed against two benchmarks: (i) a fully uncoordinated scheme which obtains a lower bound for the expected social welfare, and (ii) an ideal benchmark which co-optimizes the TSO and DSO problems, providing an upper bound for the expected social welfare.

A complementarity model and algorithm for multi-commodity flow supply chain network equilibrium with random demands

This research aims to establish a nonlinear complementarity model and method for multi-commodity supply chain network equilibrium problems consisting of manufacturers and retailers in which the demands associated with the retail outlets are random. This work is different from previous research in that it focuses on a condition in which a manufacturer cannot sell all of its products. Based on this, the optimizing behaviour of the various decision-makers is modelled, the equilibrium conditions of the manufacturers and the retailers are derived, respectively, and nonlinear complementarity model of this problem is established. Qualitative properties of the equilibrium pattern in terms of existence, boundedness and global uniqueness are provided under milder conditions. Neither strict complementarity nor global Lipschitz continuity are required, and non-singular assumption is replaced by local error bound. A modified smoothing Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm to solve this model is proposed, and its global convergence and quadratic convergence rate are established, respectively. Finally, the model is illustrated through several numerical examples for which equilibrium prices and product shipments are computed under a variety of scenarios. Numerical results indicate the validity of the model, the availability of the algorithm, as well as the variation characteristics of equilibrium price and product shipment pattern.

Mitigating the risk of photovoltaic power generation: A complementarity model of solar irradiation in diverse regions applied to Brazil

Several countries face the challenge of reducing the intermittency of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation due to changes in climatic conditions. Considering that Brazil has continental-scale dimensions and diversified geography, an alternative that allows smoothing the intermittency in solar PV power generation is needed. The novelty of this study lies in the proposal to allocate the production of PV solar energy between the interconnected regions of the country efficiently, forming an optimal portfolio with the highest productivity and the least intermittency. Thus, the regional allocation process for solar generation is formulated through an optimization problem with two objective functions: to increase the country's productivity and simultaneously control the variability of the supply of solar energy. This study concluded that the current planning models for the expansion in Brazil (both centralized and distributed generation) do not consider the variability of incident solar radiation in its five regions; therefore, the formation of the current regional portfolio of investments in power generation from solar PV energy is not efficient.

Comparison of Common Ground Models for Human--Computer Dialogue

Common ground processes [26] can improve performance in communication tasks [72, 42, 43, 24], and understanding these processes will likely benefit human--computer dialogue interfaces. However, there are multiple proposed theories with different implications for interface design. Fusaroli and Tylén [40] achieved a direct comparison by designing two models: one based on alignment theory and the other based on complementarity theory that encapsulated interpersonal synergy and audience design. The current research used these models, extending them to differentiate between interpersonal synergy and audience design. Few studies have tested multiple common ground models against tasks representative of envisioned human--computer interaction (HCI) applications. We report on four such tests, which allowed examination of generalizability of findings. Results supported the complementarity models over the alignment model, and were suggestive of the audience design variant of complementarity, providing guidance for HCI design that differs from contemporary approaches.

Linear complementarity model predictive control with limited iterations for box-constrained problems

This paper presents a sufficient condition and its certification algorithm for solving box-constrained linear model predictive control (MPC) problems within a certain number of iterations equal to the number of constrained prediction points. For implementing a model predictive controller in industrial applications, it is crucial to guarantee a concrete upper bound on the computational load so that the processor specifications can be determined. To address this matter, we transform the constrained quadratic optimization of MPC into an equivalent linear complementarity problem (LCP). Then, we show that if a modified n-step vector exists for a given problem, the corresponding LCP is feasible and solvable within a predetermined number of iterations, each comprising fundamental arithmetic operations. The existence of a modified n-step vector is independent of the current states and box constraint bounds. Thus, the total computational load required to solve an MPC problem can be explicitly determined. In addition, an explicit certification algorithm for checking the existence of a modified n-step vector is proposed. Utilizing this algorithm, the existence range of a modified n-step vector is investigated for various problem configurations. Numerical tests show that the computational speed of the proposed method is competitive with those of commonly available algorithms.

Systemic complementarity model for Mexican tourist MSMEs, contrasted with analytical hierarchy process

Systemic complementarity model for Mexican tourist MSMEs, contrasted with analytical hierarchy process

Systemic complementarity model for Mexican tourist MSMEs, contrasted with Analytical Hierarchy Process

The micro, small and medium tourist enterprises (MSMEs) have an organisational structure that restricts their adaptative capabilities to a highly competitive environment. The purpose of this articl...

Maximum likelihood reconstruction of ancestral networks by integer linear programming.

The study of the evolutionary history of biological networks enables deep functional understanding of various bio-molecular processes. Network growth models, such as the Duplication-Mutation with Complementarity (DMC) model, provide a principled approach to characterizing the evolution of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) based on duplication and divergence. Current methods for model-based ancestral network reconstruction primarily use greedy heuristics and yield sub-optimal solutions. We present a new Integer Linear Programming (ILP) solution for maximum likelihood reconstruction of ancestral PPI networks using the DMC model. We prove the correctness of our solution that is designed to find the optimal solution. It can also use efficient heuristics from general-purpose ILP solvers to obtain multiple optimal and near-optimal solutions that may be useful in many applications. Experiments on synthetic data show that our ILP obtains solutions with higher likelihood than those from previous methods, and is robust to noise and model mismatch. We evaluate our algorithm on two real PPI networks, with proteins from the families of bZIP transcription factors and the Commander complex. On both the networks, solutions from our ILP have higher likelihood and are in better agreement with independent biological evidence from other studies. A Python implementation is available at https://bitbucket.org/cdal/network-reconstruction. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Hybrid Femininities: Making Sense of Sorority Rankings and Reputation

Gender researchers have only recently begun to identify how women perceive and explain the costs and benefits associated with different femininities. Yet status hierarchies among historically white college sororities are explicit and cannot be ignored, forcing sorority women to grapple with constructions of feminine worth. Drawing on interviews with women in these sororities (N = 53), we are able to capture college women’s attitudes toward status rankings that prioritize adherence to narrow models of gender complementarity. Sorority chapters were ranked according to women’s perceived heterosexual appeal to elite men. Women believed that top-ranked sororities conferred social power whereas middle- and bottom-ranked sororities offered greater freedom from policing over members’ bodies, fashion, and socializing. However, middle- and bottom-ranked sororities sometimes sought to rise in the rankings. When this occurred, existing members were marginalized, and a new pledge class with a greater tolerance for socializing with high-status “rapey” fraternities was sought. Women’s discussions of sorority rankings show evidence of a hybrid femininity that fuses practices from traditional models of gender complementarity and more recent models of women’s empowerment.

How Strategic Behavior of Natural Gas Exporters Can Affect the Sectors of Electricity, Heating, and Emission Trading during the European Energy Transition

The European demand for natural gas imports may change through the energy transition, which may affect natural gas exporters’ strategic behavior and consequently the natural gas prices. Changes in natural gas prices in turn influence the European energy sector in terms of gas consumption in the short-term and investments in the long-term. The present paper develops a large-scale partial equilibrium market model formulated as a mixed complementarity model (MCP) with conjectural variations. This model considers the global natural gas market and the European markets of electricity, heating, and emission trading in one equilibrium. We apply this model to investigate the long-term impact of market power by gas exporters on the mentioned energy-related markets on the horizon of 2050. The results of the study show that a decrease in the market power by gas exporters decreases natural gas prices, leading to cheaper electricity and CO2 prices in the mid-term. However, a very tight emission cap in 2050 can result in the reverse phenomenon.

Secularisation of Religion as the Source of Religious Gender Stereotypes

Secular–religious dichotomy has been criticised in discourse on secularisation theory as well as in discussions of the relationship between secular and religious feminism. Feminist theorists have criticised the secular–religious divide of feminism for overlooking facts such as the inherent gendering of this dichotomy, the participation of women believers in the gender equality movement since its inception, and the contributions of feminist theologians and gender studies scholars who use their respective religious traditions as a basis for gender egalitarianism. This article will criticise secular–religious dichotomy for overlooking the fact that secular, rather than religious, principles underlie gender stereotypes. Namely, Christian and Islamic theological anthropology has accepted philosophical postulates regarding the nature of women and used them to build models of subordination and complementarity of gender relations, thereby neglecting the egalitarian anthropology that can be developed based on the holy scriptures of both traditions. One of the challenges in exploring the secular-religious dichotomy can be found in the anti-gender movement in which believers join secular organizations and use secular discourse to advocate and preserve gender stereotypes.

A complementarity model and algorithm for direct multi-commodity flow supply chain network equilibrium problem

In this paper, a three-level supply chain network equilibrium problem with direct selling and multi-commodity flow is considered. To this end, we first present equilibrium conditions which satisfy decision-making behaviors for manufacturers, retailers and consumer markets, respectively. Based on this, a nonlinear complementarity model of supply chain network equilibrium problem is established. In addition, we propose a new projection-type algorithm to solve this model without the backtracking line search, and global convergence result and \begin{document}$ R- $\end{document} linearly convergence rate for the new algorithm are established under weaker conditions, respectively. We also illustrate the efficiency of given algorithm through some numerical examples.

Strategic-Agent Equilibria in the Operation of Natural Gas and Power Markets

We consider strategic gas/power producers and strategic gas/power consumers operating in both gas and power markets. We build a flexible multi-period complementarity model to characterize day-ahead equilibria in those markets. This model is an equilibrium program with equilibrium constraints that characterizes the market behavior of all market agents. Using a realistic case study, we analyze equilibria under perfect and oligopolistic competition. We also analyze equilibria under different levels of information disclosure regarding market outcomes. We study as well equilibria under different ownership schemes: no hybrid agent, some hybrid agents, and only hybrid agents. Finally, we derive policy recommendations for the regulators of both the gas and the power markets.

Solving oligopolistic equilibrium problems with convex optimization

The approach of choice to analyze markets with oligopolistic competition has traditionally been complementarity modeling. In this paper we show that the majority of partial equilibrium models under imperfect competition in the (energy-)economic literature can in fact be cast as optimization models, not requiring the derivation and implementation of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. This is achieved by adding appropriate terms accounting for market power exertion to the well-known social welfare maximization objective. The method is applicable to both spatial Cournot oligopoly models and hybrid competition forms often implemented using conjectural variation approaches. We show how optimization and complementarity problems are equivalent, and provide a rationale for the terms accounting for market power exertion. Resulting models are solved orders of magnitude faster using off-the-shelf optimization software, compared to solving complementarity problems. Large problem instances take minutes rather than hours, and one instance solves 640 times faster. The drastically reduced solution times greatly enhance modeling capabilities as they allow increased geographical scope and represent economic, technical and other characteristics in much more detail in equilibrium problems with imperfect competition. We present practical implications for the partial and multi-level equilibrium modeling community.

Complementarity Modeling of a Ramsey-Type Equilibrium Problem with Heterogeneous Agents

We contribute to the field of Ramsey-type equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents. To this end, we state such a model in a time-continuous and time-discrete form, which in the latter case leads to a finite-dimensional mixed complementarity problem. We prove the existence of solutions of the latter problem using the theory of variational inequalities and present further properties of its solutions. Finally, we compute the growth dynamics in a calibrated model in which households differ with respect to their relative risk aversion, their discount factors, their initial wealth, and with respect to their interest rates on savings.