Rhinitis Complaints Research Articles

The effect of mask use on allergic rhinitis symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic

Aims: Inspiratory particle load including the allergens in the inhaled air is decreased by the use of the mask, which is one of the methods for COVID-19 protection. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of masks used by seasonal allergic rhinitis patients with pollen allergy on the control of rhinitis symptoms.
 Methods: Mask usage characteristics of patients (mask type used, average number of days per week for mask usage, daily usage time),whether there was a change in the time spent outdoors during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, and rhinitis complaints and frequency of rhinitis-related drug use before the pandemic compared to the pandemic period were investigated.
 Results:The frequency of nasal discharge (6.62±1.69; 6.00±1.89: p

Effect of different solvent role, intermolecular forces, allergies and inflammations receptors (H1R & GPCRs) interactions of (2R)-2-{2-[(1R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethoxy] ethyl}-1-ethylpyrrolidine

The title compound is (2R)-2-{2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethoxy] ethyl}-1-methylpyrrolidine (CLS) and its market name is clemastine. The present molecule is a first-generation antihistamine that treats both colds and allergy-related rhinitis complaints. Antihistamines, which include clemastine, are a class of drugs. It performs by blocking the body's particular histamine from causing allergy symptoms. In this study, the comparison of the spotted geometrical optimization and chemical vibrational spectrum data obtained from the FT-IR and FT-Raman bands with the calculated values obtained from the DFT technique simulation. The structure of the molecule has been determined by the Raman approach using absorbed IR light and scattering radiation, with a focus on the major functional groups (Cl, O, and N). The differences in electro-negative have been addressed, and their effects on biochemistry and medicine were examined. The MEP-map, ELF, and LOL parameters of the molecule were used to describe its chemical reactivity. NHO, NLMO, and NBO's intramolecular relationships were studied. The HOMO-LUMO space of energy in the outer limits of the molecular orbital system was further determined. The primary protease activity of people's histamine H1 cell receptor in complex with the doxepin inhibitor, as well as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), were the targets of the biological investigation of the title's molecule, which was carried out by employing molecular docking study. GPRs have become important therapeutic targets in recent years. The results of the molecular investigation show that the most effective inhibitory anti-allergic pharmacological molecule for use in contemporary therapeutic targets is clemastine.

The Relationship Between Family Smoking Habits and the Use of Room Perfume with Complaints of Allergic Rhinitis in Children Aged 13-14 Years in Rungkut District, Surabaya City

ABSTRACT Background: Allergic rhinitis is defined clinically as a symptom of nasal hypersensitivity triggered by a certain allergen present in the environment. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased over the past 5 years. Indoor air quality is influenced by the number of pollutants according to the place, climate, culture, local ambient air, characteristics of buildings and indoor activities. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between family smoking habits and room perfume use with complaints of allergic rhinitis in children aged 13-14 years in Rungkut District, Surabaya City. Methods: This research method was quantitative research with an analytical type of observational research with a cross-sectional research design. The sample size in this study was 94 children aged 13-14 years and the sample was taken using systematic random sampling. Data collection by conducting interviews, observations and measurements directly. The test used is chi-square Results: There was a relationship between family smoking habits and complaints of allergic rhinitis in children (p = 0.000) and there was a relationship between the use of room perfume and complaints of rhinitis in children (p = 0.029). Conclusion: Family smoking habits and the use of room perfume have a significant relationship with complaints of allergic rhinitis in children. Families are encouraged to eliminate smoking and minimize the use of room perfume in order to minimize risk factors for complaints of allergic rhinitis in children.

Utility of Allergy Testing in Patients with Chronic Laryngopharyngeal Symptoms

To determine the utility of allergy evaluation in patients with chronic refractory laryngeal symptoms. Case series with chart review. Tertiary academic medical center. All patients who underwent in vitro allergy testing at a single institution from 2006 to 2010, for a total of 998 patients. Charts of patients who underwent in vitro allergy testing were identified. The charts were reviewed for the primary indication for allergy testing, as categorized into rhinitis complaints, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, and refractory laryngeal symptoms (globus, cough, throat clearing, increased secretions, and hoarseness). Results of allergy tests and comorbid conditions were analyzed and compared among groups. The positive yield of allergy testing in patients with primary laryngeal indications was 51.8%, 63.3% for rhinitis, 60.9% for sinusitis, and 33.3% for otitis media. The odds ratio of having a positive test was not statistically different for patients with laryngeal symptoms, rhinitis, or sinusitis. Patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms and positive allergy testing were most often sensitized to dust mites (63%) and least often sensitized to molds (1.3%). Allergy testing in patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms yields positive results in equivalent proportion to patients with other common presenting symptoms. Dust mites sensitization is the most common sensitization in patients with allergic laryngitis.

Defining thresholds of specific IgE levels to grass pollen and birch pollen allergens improves clinical interpretation

BackgroundCut-off values and predictive values are used for the clinical interpretation of specific IgE antibody results. However, cut-off levels are not well defined, and predictive values are dependent on the prevalence of disease. The objective of this study was to document clinically relevant diagnostic accuracy of specific IgE for inhalant allergens (grass pollen and birch pollen) based on test result interval-specific likelihood ratios. Likelihood ratios are independent of the prevalence and allow to provide diagnostic accuracy information for test result intervals. MethodsIn a prospective study we included consecutive adult patients presenting at an allergy clinic with complaints of rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis. The standard for diagnosis was a suggestive clinical history of grass or birch pollen allergy and a positive skin test. Specific IgE was determined with the ImmunoCAP Fluorescence Enzyme Immuno-Assay. ResultsWe established specific IgE test result interval related likelihood ratios for clinical allergy to inhalant allergens (grass pollen, rPhl p 1,5, birch pollen, rBet v 1). The likelihood ratios for allergy increased with increasing specific IgE antibody levels. The likelihood ratio was <0.03 for specific IgE <0.1kU/L, between 0.1 and 1.4 for specific IgE between 0.1kU/L and 0.35kU/L, between 1.4 and 4.2 for specific IgE between 0.35kU/L and 3.5kU/L, >6.3 for specific IgE>0.7, and very high (∞) for specific IgE >3.5kU/L. ConclusionTest result interval specific likelihood ratios provide a useful tool for the interpretation of specific IgE test results for inhalant allergens.

Uriticaria and angioderma after ingestion of grapes

Case report We report the case of a 28-year-old female who developed acute generalized urticaria and facial angioedema one hour after ingesting grapes of several varieties. The reaction was treated at Emergency Room level with parenteral administration of corticoids and anti-histamines. She previously ingested grapes and other fresh fruits with no reaction and denied rhinitis complaints. Skin prick tests with a large battery of aeroallergens, including latex, were positive to peach LTP, peach, apple, and plum but were negative with grape commercial extract. Prick by prick procedure performed with the pulp and peel of a variety of red and white grapes yielded positive results, as well as with fresh cherry. Specific IgE (kUA/l; ImmunoCAP, Phadia) were present for peach (1.16), peach LTP (1.79), apple (1.17), plum (1.36) and cherry (0.8) and were negative for grape.

Mast cell activation after adenosine inhalation challenge in patients with bronchial asthma

A total of 7.5% of the males and 2.2% of the females had persistent wheezing complaints. Wheezing symptoms were found to be significantly high among males and smokers. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and dermatitis were 24.1% and 6.8% respectively. Rhinitis rates were 16.5% among males and 7.6% among females. The eczema rate was 5.2% among males and 1.6% among females. Prevalence of having a pet at home was 11.7% and family history of atopy was 11.9%. Pet ownership [OR: 1.25 (0.94–1.65)] and family history of atopy [(OR: 3.77(2.88–4.94)] were significantly associated with rhinitis. Smoking rate was 23.3% in the whole group, 20.3% in males and 3.0% in females. Wheezing, asthma-like symptoms, cumulative asthma, current asthma and rhinitis were less common related in students who did not smoke. The rates of asthma, and asthma-like symptoms were found to be higher among smoking students than in non-smoking students, statistically. The low prevalence of asthma in our low-income population may depend on geographical and climatic variation, as well as to the low socioeconomic status of our population. The higher prevalence of rhinitis may depend on that some students may have confused the question about rhinitis and some with sinusitis or other nonallergic rhinitis complaints may have answered the same question with yes , because nonallergic rhinitis patients may have the same complaints like allergic rhinitis patients (5). In conclusion, asthma and/or asthmalike symptoms among university students in the eastern region of Turkey are lower than the developed countries, and habitual smoking is an important risk factor for allergic diseases.

Crohnʼs Disease Manifested as Rhinitis

This vignette relates an extremely rare manifestation of Crohn's disease and underscores the neccesity of considering Crohn's disease as the underlying cause of symptoms of obscure etiology. Past medical history was obtained, and physical examination and biopsies were performed ona patient with complaints of rhinitis. A 54 year old female with a history of active Crohn's colitis presented to her otolaryngologist with a complaint of rhinitis. She had persistent upper respiratory symptoms of cough and nasal congestion for several months that did not respond to various non-prescription medications. She also noted pain and irritation, localized to the inside of the right nostril, increasing in intensity over the last two to three weeks with small amounts of clear nasal discharge. Physical examination revealed a well appearing female in no distress. She was normotensive and afebrile. She was noted only to have bilateral high septal deflections. No facial tenderness or purulent discharge was noted. Her serum chemistries and complete blood count were within normal limits. Nasal endoscopy was normal. Biopsy, however, showed edema, giant cells and multiple noncaseating granulomas in the right nasal passage. Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease of the gastrointestinal tract are a well recognized phenomena. Biopsy typically shows edema of the lamina propria, perivascular inflammation with infiltrates and noncaseating granulomas with multinucleated Langerhans type giant cells. The differential diagnosis in this case included Wegener's granulomatosis and Crohn's disease. Nasal involvement is extremely rare. To date, only five cases of nasal Crohn's disease have been reported and is typified by chronic mucosal inflammation, obstruction, bleeding and occasionally septal perforation. All prior five patients were treated with oral steroids and or systemic corticosteroids with good results. Nasal involvement in Crohn's disease is extremely rare. Its findings after benign physical and endoscopic examination of the nasal passages suggest that this may be an underreported phenomenon.

A 49-year-old male with intractable dyspnea, wheeze, and cough

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS A 49-year-old nonsmoking male initially presented to our institution 3 years ago with a history of steroid-dependent asthma since age 14. Before this evaluation he had been on glucocorticoid (GC) doses as high as 120 mg prednisone daily and had rarely been weaned completely from oral GCs. Chronic symptoms included dyspnea on exertion, episodic wheeze that symptomatically responded to bronchodilator, and cough that was productive of clear sputum. There was no history of chest pain or hemoptysis. Viral upper respiratory tract infections frequently led to exacerbations requiring a transient increase in his oral GC dose. He had noted that the duration of these increases was becoming longer over time. Repeated chest imaging in the past did not show evidence of infiltrates or other significant abnormalities. Confounding factors related to his asthma included allergic rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and aspirin intolerance. His aspirin allergy resulted in flares of his asthma and rhinitis symptoms, but he had been successful in avoiding all overthe-counter preparations containing aspirin before and during our evaluation. His medication regimen for his asthma included oral GC, a high-dose inhaled steroid, a long-acting -agonist, and a rescue inhaler. Skin testing demonstrated sensitivity to trees, grasses, weeds, and cats. He was treated aggressively for his rhinitis complaints with nasal steroids as well as new generation antihistamines. His reflux disease was also treated with twice-daily proton pump inhibitor. With this therapy his rhinitis as well as reflux symptoms improved, but he did not experience relief with regard to his wheeze and dyspnea on exertion. Given his aspirin allergy it was decided that he should undergo aspirin desensitization. We felt that his asthma symptoms may improve if his upper respiratory symptoms responded favorably to this procedure. He completed the desensitization procedure without difficulty and was maintained on 650 mg twice a day. His medication regimen was also augmented at that time to include a leukotriene receptor antagonist as well as a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Six months after this, he again reported that his lower respiratory symptoms were progressive. His dose of oral prednisone at that point was 20 mg daily. His past medical history was remarkable for eczema that resolved as a child and osteopenia associated with chronic oral steroid use. There was no history of trauma to the chest. He was a lifelong nonsmoker and had no occupational exposures or occupation-related triggers for his symptoms. He has been employed as a software engineer for the past 25 years. Hobbies were confined to watching movies and walking. Family history was positive for atopy and asthma. The patient lived in a new home, which was carpeted. The house had forced air heating and a humidifier. He also had 3 dogs as pets, but they remained outdoors. Review of systems was remarkable for weight gain associated with his steroid use and profound snoring according to his wife.

Irritant Rhinitis in Allergic, Nonallergic, Control and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Populations

ABSTRACTBackground: Irritation symptoms after exposure to “nonspecific” stimuli are often attributed to nonallergic rhinitis (vaso-motor rhinitis). This is a heterogeneous syndrome of exclusion based on nasal symptoms with negative allergy skin tests.Method: Control (n = 114) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS, n = 120) subjects scored the severity of nasal congestion and rhinorrhea sensations that they attributed to 9 irritants. The sum was the “Irritant Rhinitis Score” (IRS maximum 72). A positive IRS of > 19 defined “Irritant Rhinitis.” Demographic, allergy skin test and other assessments were done to characterize the Irritant Rhinitis population.Results: Irritant Rhinitis was present in 11% of control and 47% of CFS subjects. In multivariate analysis, positive IRS was correlated with a history of rhinitis complaints, systemic complaints such as fatigue, sensations of congestion and rhinorrhea induced by meteorological conditions, tobacco smoke, odors, perfumes, and other volatile materials, and diagnos...

Rhinitis symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome.

Atopy and allergic rhinitis are thought to be increased in prevalence in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). To investigate this hypothesis, 51 CFS (CFS), 34 normal (N), 27 allergic rhinitis (AR), and 17 patients with other rheumatologic diseases filled out an Airway Symptom Severity self-report questionnaire to determine the frequencies of nasal, sinus, and chest symptoms, and a Systemic Complaints self-report questionnaire to determine the frequencies of complaints referable to neurologic, rheumatologic, gastrointestinal, and other systems. All subjects received a standard set of allergy skin tests, and were subdivided into those with positive and negative results. Allergy skin tests were positive in 35% of CFS and 44% of N subjects (difference not significant by Chi2). Significant rhinitis complaints were present in 83% of skin test positive CFS, 76% of skin test negative CFS, 74% of AR, and 23% of N subjects. Systemic Complaints scores were significantly elevated in skin test positive (94%) and negative (94%) CFS groups compared with AR (35%) and N (6%) groups. This score could significantly discriminate between CFS and N subjects. These data indicate that in this CFS population, 24% had no significant rhinitis complaints, 30% had positive skin tests suggesting the potential for allergic rhinitis complaints, and 46% had nonallergic rhinitis. The mechanism of the nonallergic component may offer insights into the pathogenesis of CFS.

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory performance in workers exposed to grain and grain based food dusts.

A health surveillance study of male grain food manufacturing workers used a respiratory health questionnaire and spirometry to assess the prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms and impaired ventilatory performance. The prevalence of cough, breathlessness, wheeze and chest tightness was between 8-13% but was 20% for rhinitis. Rhinitis was the most common symptom with 37% of those reporting rhinitis describing this as work-related. A case-control analysis of workers reporting rhinitis did not identify any specific occupational activities associated with increased risk of rhinitis. Smoking habit and all respiratory symptoms apart from rhinitis had a significant effect upon ventilatory performance. Occupational exposure to raw grains, flour, ingredients and finished food was categorized as high, medium or low in either continuous or intermediate patterns. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the effects of height, age and smoking upon ventilatory performance. However, occupational exposure to grain, flour, food ingredients and cooked food dusts had no effect upon ventilatory performance. It is concluded that smoking habit is the major determinant of respiratory symptoms and impaired ventilatory function. The excess complaints of rhinitis warrant further study but it would appear that the current occupational exposure limits for grain, flour, food ingredients and cooked food dusts are adequate to protect workers against impairment of ventilatory performance.

Occult Sinus Abnormalities in the Asthmatic Patient

Unrecognized sinusitis has been cited by others as a significant unrecognized factor in patients with asthma, chronic rhinitis, and urticaria. The current study examines the utility of roentgenography of the paranasal sinuses in such patients. Forty-seven percent of patients with flare-ups of asthma had abnormal sinus roentgenograms, a highly significant difference from the 29% prevalence in patients presenting with complaints of rhinitis. The patient's clinical history was most often not helpful in predicting whether or not roentgenographic abnormalities of the sinuses would be detected. Since maxillary sinusitis is the most frequent finding, the erect Waters' view is the most useful single roentgenogram.

Occult sinus abnormalities in the asthmatic patient

• Unrecognized sinusitis has been cited by others as a significant unrecognized factor in patients with asthma, chronic rhinitis, and urticaria. The current study examines the utility of roentgenography of the paranasal sinuses in such patients. Forty-seven percent of patients with flare-ups of asthma had abnormal sinus roentgenograms, a highly significant difference from the 29% prevalence In patients presenting with complaints of rhinitis. The patient's clinical history was most often not helpful in predicting whether or not roentgenographic abnormalities of the sinuses would be detected. Since maxillary sinusitis is the most frequent finding, the erect Waters' view is the most useful single roentgenogram. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1987;147:2194-2196)

Symptoms of chronic and allergic rhinitis and occurrence of nasal secretion granulocytes in university students, school children and infants.

The prevalence of chronic and allergic rhinitis was studied in an unselected population sample consisting of 315 university students and 319 school children. History was taken by questionnaire, nasal appearance was examined by rhinoscopy, and a nasal smear was studied in all subjects. For comparison, nasal smears were also collected from 60 normal infants. Allergic rhinitis complaints were reported by 28% of the students and by 13% of the school children, with no significant difference in sex distribution. The cytological examination revealed secretion eosinophilia in 20% of the students, 28% of the school children, and 22% of the infants. Secretion eosinophilia correlated significantly with allergic rhinitis history, and with nasal mucosal swelling and nasal secretion seen on rhinoscopy. Nasal secretion neutrophilia, which occurred in 47% of the students, 79% of the school children and 97% of the infants, seemed to have an adverse effect on the reliability of secretion eosinophilia as an indicator of active nasal allergy. Possible reasons for the rising prevalence rates of allergic rhinitis are discussed.