Competitive Fight Research Articles

The metamorphoses of denationalization of 1993. Report-I. The market fight for medications import

In the history of the Russian pharmaceutical market the year of 1993 became the year of formation of rules of market relations and changing under them of market landscape. The significant segment of state-centralized purchases moved under responsibility of regional authorities and their health care authorities. At that, powers of three former state organizations being occupied with purchases of imported medications were distributed between new state companies of Ministry of Health and commercial organizations and firms that entered pharmaceutical market. This diversity rather soon gave rise to competitive fight for budget funds and experiments of Government with market regulation. The traces of these clashes and attempts to make market regulated can be found in Ministry of Health archives and journal publications. The Report I reveals circumstances of entrance of Ministry of Health into market relationships and its acquisition of market player identity.

Показники змагальної діяльності кваліфікованих спортсменок України у таїландському боксі (IFMA)

The features of technical and tactical actions of female athletes in muaythai are understudied, the topic of sports training of women in muaythai remains out of attention of researchers, and the vision of building special physical training is often equalized for representatives of different weight categories, or, even more erroneously, is considered in the context of the training system for men. Purpose: to establish the peculiarities of technical and tactical actions of qualified female athletes of Ukraine of different weight categories in muaythai (IFMA). Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific information, analysis of documentary materials, pedagogical observation, methods of mathematical statistics. To obtain objective scientific information about competitive activity, the content of competitive fights of Ukrainian athletes was studied on the basis of video recordings of the highest level muaythai competitions in Ukraine among women, namely the 2019-2023 Ukrainian Championships, which took place in the cities of: Odesa and Vinnytsia, Ukrainian Cups 2019-2023 – Kharkiv, Lviv, Vinnytsia, Odesa. Results. Mixed martial arts, including muaythai, are rapidly gaining popularity in Ukraine. Compared to the state of scientific substantiation in most types of Olympic combat sports, the amount of scientific data on mixed martial arts, in particular muaythai, at the national and international levels is small. According to the results, most of the fights lasted the entire time allotted by the regulations 78.0 % of the fights and 22 % of the fights ended early. The ratio of punches, knees, elbows and kicks among Ukrainian female athletes showed that only 2 % were elbow strikes, 30 % were knee strikes, 42 % were punches and 26 % were kicks. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of technical and tactical actions of qualified female athletes of Ukraine of different weight categories in muaythai (IFMA) demonstrate the urgent need to change the approach to the training process.

Ефективність змагальної діяльності в хортингу

Purpose: to investigate the efficiency of the competitive activity of skilled sledders in the competitive section «duel». Material and methods. The following methods were used in the research: the analysis and generalization of data of the special scientific literature; the analysis of protocols and video recordings of the competitive activity of the qualified greyhounds; methods of mathematical statistics. The competitive activity (47 fights) at the championships and cups of Ukraine in 2021-2023 in the section «duel» in all weight categories of male athletes among adults (18 years and older) was studied. Results: the study of competitive activity showed that 67 % of the time of fights in the competitions in the field of hornting is held in the stand, and 33 % in the floor. Scoring points in the ground can be obtained by holding (1 and 2 points) and strikes that hit the opponent (1 point). From the stand-up position, the athletes scored 54 points (65 %), and 29 points (35 %) in the ground. In 31 % of the fights, the victory was achieved by scoring points, 31 % by painful techniques, 23 % by choking techniques and 15 % by knockout blows. An early victory in the sport of horting is possible by executing an effective painful or choke hold, a knockout punch, and one of the athletes scoring 6 points. The distribution of early wins by competition round shows that in the first round, 67 % of athletes won. In the second round, athletes achieved early victories in 33% of the matches. In 45 % of the fights, the athletes achieved an early victory through painful techniques. Of these, 75 % were arm holds and 25 % were leg holds. In 33 % of the fights, the athletes achieved victory through choke holds. The winner was determined by knockout in 22 % of fights. Conclusions. Adult male athletes use striking and wrestling techniques in the fights of the «duel» competitive section. The most effective technique for achievement of victory by points and early victory is a wrestling technique. In competitive fights in a stance, the most effective throws are those with a leg grab. Insufficient mastery of wrestling technique leads to the defeat of an athlete in the first round by a suffocating or painful hold. It is determined that transfers to the ground are not evaluated by judges, but create conditions for the further implementation of holds, painful and suffocating techniques. In the ground, the most effective are painful arm holds and chokes. Striking techniques are used mainly as a preparatory technique for throws and painful and suffocating holds. In the second round, the importance of performing holds increases.

Аналіз змагальної діяльності висококваліфікованих таеквондистів на Чемпіонаті Європи 2023

Purpose: to analyze the competitive activity of highly skilled taekwondo athletes at the European Championships 2023. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of scientific and methodical information and sources of the Internet; video computer analysis of competitive activity of highly skilled taekwondoists; methods of mathematical statistics. To analyze the fights, a specialized computer program «Martial Arts Video Analysis» was used. The research analyzed 56 rounds (28 competitive fights) of highly qualified taekwondo fighters in weight categories in the range of 58-92 kg of the European Taekwon-Do ITF Championship. Results: the analysis of scientific and methodical publications and sources of the Internet determined that scientific and methodical support of training of highly skilled taekwondo fighters requires the increase of efficiency of technical and tactical training and its further improvement. On the basis of the analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified taekwondo fighters, it was found that some winners performed significantly more technical actions than those who lost (by 72,2 %); fight winners achieved higher scores (on average by 7 points) and had higher efficiency of actions compared to those who lost, but the level of variability in these indicators in winners (V=28,5 %) and losers (V=22,0 %) is quite significant, and it is important to take into account the abnormal distribution of results; the efficiency of technical and tactical actions of the winners during the fight increases (76,7±12,64, V=16,5 %), and of the losers - decreases (26,7±21,73, V=81,4 %); time intervals between technical actions in winners amounted to 32,7±6,26 (V=19,1 %), in losers - 35,4±6,33 (V=17,8 %); the number of various effective actions in winners amounted to 4,2±0,82 (V=19,5 %), in losers - 3±0,61 (V=20,3 %); most often athletes perform a blow with the hand closer to the opponent (5,8 times), the effectiveness of this action is 11,2 % and brings 1.4 points; the blow «Yop chagi (upper level, the leg is closer to the opponent)» is performed less often, only 1,6 times, but has a much higher efficiency – 17,5 % and brings 2 points. Conclusions. The analysis of fights of highly skilled taekwondoists of weight categories in the range of 58-92 kg at the European Taekwon-Do ITF Championships allows to optimize the training process and is a prerequisite for the development of new approaches of training. It is established which technical and tactical actions of highly qualified taekwondo athletes of different weight categories contributed to the achievement of maximum results: for weight categories 58-71 kg - a punch «Dollo chagi (medium level, the leg is closer to the opponent)» and a punch in a jump; for weight categories 78-92 kg - a punch with a hand closer to the opponent and «Dollo chagi (medium level, the leg is far from the opponent)».

Content of Technical Training of Young Kuresh Player (Wrestlers) at the Stage of Initial Sports Specialization

This article discusses some features of the technical training of young kuresh player at the initial stage of training in the chosen sports specialization. Since wrestling kuresh is a complex coordination sport, the article describes its inherent tactical and technical actions and teaching them at the initial stage of educational and training processes starting from a young age. These include psychological, physiological, physical and features of tactical and technical actions, taking into account the age and characteristics of the body: perception of the opponent by visual, tactile, musculoskeletal and vestibular sensations, starting with the systematic approach of the training process; conditions for sparring fights half to competitive fights; tactics of fighting in the rack and in the stalls in general confrontation; manifested reactions to the actions of the opponent both in attack and in defense when fighting both in the stand and in the stalls using various techniques; instantaneous flow of thought processes and factors during motor activity during the fight, which have a high impact on the psycho-emotional state of the kuresh player. On the physical performance of a young kuresh player using rational physical exertion, performing them in parts (phases) in the application of technical and tactical actions in wrestling kuresh in practice with the identification of the style and analysis of the conduct of the duel at various points of the competition. The article also analyzes the opinions and statements of prominent scientists in this field, in the preparation of novice young wrestlers of various styles and types of wrestling.

The effect of adding exergame boxing to balance functions of elderly women

Background: The average incidence of falls in elderly women exceeds that of elderly men in all age groups. Exercise had a consistent effect on reducing the risk of falls when prescribed correctly and was successful in reducing fall rates in the community, with an even greater effect seen in a balance-challenging exercise program. The exercise in question is a series of combined activities that maintain or increase flexibility, endurance, strength and balance. Compared to traditional sports, sports games are more interesting and challenging, are not affected by the weather, and being able to practice at home increases safety and comfort. Exergame boxing is considered a fun and competitive fighting video game, so it has an effect on psychological and social interactions in the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding exergame boxing on the balance function of elderly women. Methods: This study is a true experimental research with pre and post-test randomized control group design. The research participants were 32 elderly women, with each group consisting of 16 elderly women. Participants in the treatment group received exergame boxing, which was carried out 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Participants in both groups are required to take part in conventional exercises programmed by Nursing Home 5x/week for ±15 minutes. The outputs were assessed at the beginning (initial value) and after 8 weeks of intervention (final value). Results: There were significantly significant differences in the One Leg Stance (OLS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) values in the control and treatment group (p<0.005), but the effect size was higher in the treatment group. Conclusions: The addition of exercise boxing for 8 weeks can improve the static and dynamic balance function of elderly women as measured by OLS and TUG.

Law Enforcement In Responding To Social Media User's Provocation That Results In Competitive Fights

This study aims to determine the role of law in Indonesia in tackling cases with provocation types on social media. Like the provocation that occurs on social media, it triggers a fight. In this study, the authors review the negative side of social media in throwing provocations which result in duels, because duels are fights in physical or verbal contact involving 2 (two) different individuals to duel to resolve problems between the two. In conducting research, the author uses a normative juridical approach using laws and regulations as study material. With reference to Law no. 19 of 2016 and Articles 182 – 183 of the Criminal Code are expected to be able to answer questions regarding problematic. The purpose of this study is to reinforce the rule of law in social media provocations which are expected not to recur, This research is a normative juridical research method that originates from written regulations in the form of statutory regulations in the positive law applicable in Indonesia. As well as the authors use descriptive research, where the authors will provide studies and an overview of law enforcement in social media and implementation in the real world by measuring the policy of imposing criminal penalties against perpetrators of duel fights.

Analytical review of the technical preparation of highly qualified athletes who specialize in Sambo wrestling, finalists of the 2022 World Championship

Based on the results of the monitoring of specialized Internet resources (analysis of scientific and methodological and reference literature), the members of the scientific research group determined that the urgent issue of conducting an analytical review of the technical and tactical preparedness of athletes who specialize in wrestling sports based on the results of their participation in competitions of the highest ranks - the insufficient amount of research is devoted, this in turn emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research.
 The main goal of the study is to conduct an analytical and statistical analysis of the technical readiness of highly qualified Sambo wrestlers, finalists of the 2022 World Championship (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan). Research methods: abstraction, measurement, expert evaluation, survey, comparison, observation.
 As a result of the theoretical research, the members of the research group conducted an analytical and statistical analysis of the technical readiness of highly qualified Sambo wrestlers, finalists of the 2022 World Championship (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan).
 We consider it expedient to take the results of the theoretical research into consideration by leading coaches who specialize in Sambo wrestling (sports section). Taking into account the above, it is advisable to focus the attention of coaches on increasing the indicators of activity and efficiency of competitive actions of Sambo wrestlers, namely on: 1) thorough study of the current Rules of Sambo wrestling; 2) development and improvement of technical and tactical preparation of fellow wrestlers; 3) expanding the arsenal of "crown technical actions" in the rack and parterre; 4) development of individual tactical schemes for conducting a competitive fight on the ground floor with the use of pain techniques on the arms and legs after holding the opponent; 5) improving indicators of the subsystem of biological control of highly qualified Sambo wrestlers.
 Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include an analytical and statistical analysis of the technical readiness of highly qualified (female) Sambo wrestlers, finalists of the 2022 World Championship (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan).

ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЧАСТОТЫ СЕРДЕЧНЫХ СОКРАЩЕНИЙ У ФЕХТОВАЛЬЩИКОВ САБЛИСТОВ 14-15 ЛЕТ В СОРЕВНОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ БОЯХ

Special endurance in fencing provides long-term speed-strength work with high coordination complexity when performing competitive actions of athletes. Analysis of the available scientific literature revealed that information about the pulse values of competitive loads in modern conditions is not available for both elite saber fencers and saber fencers of mass categories. The aim of the study is to identify the indicators of heart rate in saber fencers aged 14-15 in competitive fights to clarify the time of work in fight in various power zones. To solve the problem of identifying saber fencers' heart rate indicators during competitive fights, we used Polar system heart monitors, monitoring was carried out in fights both in the preliminary round up to 5 touches and in the direct elimination round up to 15 touches. In addition, video filming and analysis of all competitive fights of the subjects was carried out. Each fight was presented graphically using a notation, however, in deciphering the fighting, we took into account not only the actual techniques, as in the generally accepted record of the fight, but also the false actions used by young athletes, which allowed us to distribute all the technical and tactical actions during fight, as well as determine the time of work in different power zones. As a result of the data obtained, we determined the average duration of work of young saber fencers in power zones in competitive fights for the entire competitive day, which will allow us to further develop a methodology for improving the special endurance of saber fencers aged 14-15, taking into account the specifics of competitive activity.

Revolutionary innovation and the incumbent business: Patterns of relationship and coping strategies

Revolutionary innovations bring about drastically new ways of doing business that potentially challenge the dominance and even the survival of many powerful incumbent firms. The choice of the incumbent firms’ strategies in coping with a revolutionary innovation depends on the specific patterns of relationship between the revolutionary innovation and the incumbent firms’ core business, be it substitutive, complementary, or parallel . In the situation of a substitutive relationship, the incumbent firms could exit from the incumbent business through swift divesting or gradual harvesting before it is eventually displaced or eroded. In a complementary relationship, the incumbents could absorb the innovation into the incumbent business by embracing the innovation that enables them to add entirely new functions to their incumbent business or assimilating the innovation to enhance the value of the incumbent business. In a parallel relationship, the revolutionary innovation either results in the retrenchment of the incumbent business or leaves it undisturbed, which, respectively, calls for specializing in certain niches of the incumbent business or further solidifying the incumbent business. In addition to the above coping strategies focusing primarily on the incumbent business, the incumbent firms also need to deal simultaneously with the new businesses inspired and propelled by the revolutionary innovation. They could fend off the potential disruptions of the innovation by engaging in a competitive fight in the market domain or a nonmarket fight in the sociopolitical domain. They could also enter those new businesses through greenfield entry or merger and acquisition .

Criteria and levels of readiness of trainers who specialize in Martial Arts to build tactical schemes for conducting a competitive fight with an opponent

Taking into account the results of the analysis of scientific and methodological, special and reference literature, the members of the scientific research group established, that the issue of determining the criteria, indicators and levels of readiness of Martial Arts coaches (in the system of independent work) to build rational tactical schemes – devoted insufficient amount of scientific research, which requires the continuation of scientific research and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research. The main goal of the scientific research is to determine the criteria, indicators and levels of readiness of coaches who specialize in Sambo wrestling to build tactical schemes for conducting a competitive fight with an opponent. The following methods were used during the research: abstraction, analysis, deduction, induction; modeling, comparison, synthesis, formalization. As a result of the theoretical research, the members of the research group determined: criteria (analytical and evaluative content, motivational), as well as their corresponding main indicators (self-development of Martial Arts coaches in the direction of building effective tactical schemes for conducting competitive matches with subordinate athletes at various stages of their long-term training with the use of modern pedagogical technologies; formed the ability to make reasonable and rational tactical decisions in various variable conditions of the competitive activity of subordinate athletes; formed theoretical knowledge in the organization of the educational and training process of athletes who specialize in Martial Arts using rational technical and tactical schemes for conducting educational and training (competitive) matches with opponents of different qualifications; the formation of a motive that arises from the need of an individual and ends with his motivation to complete mastery of theoretical knowledge and practical skills (skills) necessary to achieve the maximum-high performance of subordinate athletes who specialize in Martial Arts in competitive activities; motivation to rationally and effectively design (build) tactical schemes for conducting competitive matches with opponents of different sports qualifications by subordinate athletes, taking into account their potential capabilities in various conditions of competitive activity, etc.); levels (highest, high, sufficient and satisfactory); approaches (activity, complex, person-oriented, systemic, as well as structural) – formation of the readiness of trainers who specialize in Sambo wrestling (Olympic and non-Olympic types of Martial Arts, or sports wrestling) to the construction of tactical schemes for conducting duels with the opponent. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific research involve the development of pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of coaches who specialize in Sambo wrestling to build tactical schemes for conducting duels with an opponent in the system of their independent work.

Peculiarities of the competitive activity of taekwondo players aged 12-13 years before and after the changes in the rules


 Purpose: improving the technical and tactical readiness of qualified taekwondo wrestlers at the stage of specialized basic training to improve the effectiveness of competitive activity.
 Material and methods. The study involved 30 athletes aged 12-13 years. Athletes are engaged in WTF taekwondo in the Dnepropetrovsk region. The research was carried out on the basis of the Communal out-of-school educational institution "City Specialized Children's and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve" of the Dnipro City Council (Taekwondo Department of the WTF) and the sports club "Bars" (Dnipro). Created control and experimental groups in the amount of 15 young men in each group. Anthropometric methods, the index method were used; pedagogical methods for studying the physical and technical-tactical readiness of taekwondo fighters aged 12-13, analysis of video recordings of competitive fights of qualified taekwondo fighters in weight categories up to 33 kg, up to 37 kg, up to 41 kg, up to 45 kg, up to 49 kg, up to 53 kg, up to 57 kg ; methods of mathematical statistics.
 Results. After conducting a pedagogical experiment based on the results of general physical training among athletes in the experimental group, the increase in performance indicators was from 8.97% to 54.91%; in athletes of the control group - from 1.90% to 31.03%. Also, the taekwondo players of the experimental group significantly outweighed the athletes from the control group for all indicators of special physical fitness, the increase in indicators was from 10.79% to 32.30%; in the control group - from 1.25% to 17.62%. The analysis of performance indicators showed that the athletes of the experimental group significantly reduced all indicators (p < 0.01), in addition to the number of effective performance programs. Indicators of technical and tactical readiness among athletes in the control group grew from 2.38% to 19.85%; in taekwondo players of the experimental group, the increase in indicators of claves was from 13.22% to 56.53%.
 Conclusion. Analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the problem of training taekwondoists at the stage of specialized basic training revealed a number of problematic issues. This concerns the features of improving the process of technical and tactical training of taekwondo cadets. The structure of the annual training of taekwondoists at the stage of specialized basic training has been developed and experimentally substantiated, which is built taking into account the individual style of conducting a competitive taekwondo duel, the manifestation of physical qualities and the calendar of competitions. An improvement in the level of physical fitness of taekwondo wrestlers, a better performance of complex technical and tactical actions and a higher efficiency of indicators of the competitive activity of athletes have been established. It has been determined that the most dominant and effective fighting styles are game and tempo, which is associated with the specifics of the WTF taekwondo and the rules of the competition.

Metabolic and physiological demands of 3×3-min-round boxing fights in highly trained amateur boxers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy requirements of the aerobic oxidative, anaerobic lactic (glycolytic), or anaerobic alactic systems in highly trained amateur boxers during a 3×3-min-round boxing fight. On three separate occasions, 10 highly trained male amateur boxers undertook a progressive treadmill run, a progressive bag-punching exercise, and a full-contact competitive boxing fight of the 3×3-min format. Expired gas and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout all exercise tasks, with the exception of a gas analysis during the competitive fight. Total energy expenditure and the contribution of the three major energy-supply systems were calculated based on oxygen uptake (V̇O<inf>2</inf>) and HR during exercise, blood lactate accumulation, and excess V̇O<inf>2</inf> during the fast phase of the recovery. The blood lactate concentration was >15 (range: 12-18) mmol·L-1 after the fight. The HR reached >93% of the maximal (HR<inf>max</inf>) in rounds 1 and 2 and >97% in the final round and was strongly correlated with HR<inf>max</inf> (r=0.885). The average calculated O<inf>2</inf> uptake during the boxing fight was 89% of V̇O<inf>2max</inf>, whereas O<inf>2</inf> uptake equivalent calculated from the involvement of all three major energy supply systems was 122% of V̇O<inf>2max</inf>. The calculated energy provision during the fight was 73% aerobic, 19% anaerobic alactic and 8% anaerobic glycolytic. In highly trained male amateur boxers, 3×3-min boxing match elicits very high HR and blood lactate levels with predominant involvement of aerobic and substantial contribution of anaerobic alactic energy systems.

Foregrounding in English Advertisements: A Research based on Advertisements on TIME

Advertising forms an essential component of the business field, where the competition fight is the significant marker. Advertisements can give a psychological hint to consumers so that they purchase a product by using image ideology association. More than any other sign or symbol system, language employs a strong effect on consumers and their behaviors. The paper aims to apply Leech’s foregrounding theory on English advertisements on TIME and clarify the “language games,” including deviation and parallelism, so as to figure out its effects on market promotion. The author employs case analysis to examine the theoretical foundation, then presents and exhibits parallelisms and deviations in advertising using classification standards and standard examples. It is found that advertisement language parallelism and deviation is one of the essential linguistic attention-grabbing methods. With the help of the foregrounding, information contained in the advertisement acquires a new, often unexpected sound: at the minimum of the text, the maximum expression.

‘The man in the middle’: mixed martial arts referees and the production and management of socially desirable risk

ABSTRACT Mixed martial arts (MMA) competition involves one-on-one, full-contact fighting, most often held within the spatial confines of a steel cage and in front of a paying audience. The spectacular entertainment value of this sport, as well as its intrinsic psychological appeal to competitors, is steeped in risk. While the perspectives of athletes and fans on this issue are reasonably well-researched, little is known about a crucial third party in the production and maintenance of risk in competitive fights: that of the referee. In this paper, I attempt to bridge this gap by arguing that referees’ work is centrally important in the construction of socially desirable forms of risk. Specifically, their role involves protecting fighters’ bodies from the damaging excesses of the action which otherwise constitutes the sport’s raison d’être in the eyes of competing athletes and paying fans; but at the same time, this action is something which referees themselves both facilitate and promote. As such, this work sees referees navigate a core tension residing at the heart of MMA, as with other high-risk sports: how and when to define dangerous action as either desirable or undesirable; as exciting or excessive. The paper concludes by highlighting some wider contextual factors shaping referees’ work, which may bear consideration in future studies of the production of risk in sport.

Corporate intelligence as a competitive fighting tool

All existing companies today want not only to remain in the service market, but also to gain a foothold in it, and methodically develop from year to year. And in the modern world, this is simply impossible to imagine without corporate intelligence. Those firms that did not realize this in time simply went bankrupt or their business does not develop, and economic indicators remain in one place from year to year. Today, there is a wide variety of ways of business intelligence in the world. All types of competitive intelligence can be divided into two large groups: direct and indirect business intelligence. Let’s look at each of them in more detail. A separate subspecies is business intelligence, which can relate to both indirect and direct intelligence, depending on the surrounding circumstances.

The influence of the highlands on the performance of athletes in freestyle men’s and women's wrestling at the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo

The article analyzes the performance of participants and winners in men's and women's freestyle wrestling at the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo after the training camp in the highlands during the 2nd final stage of preparation for these competitions, which took place in Ivano-Frankivsk region . at the educational and sports base "Zaroslyak" taking into account the age and qualifications of athletes. The base is located at an altitude of 1330 m above sea level. Tokyo, the host of the Olympic Games, is located at an altitude of 40 meters above sea level. The meeting was held from June 17 to July 4, 2021 (17 days) for the men's team and from June 12 to July 3, 2021 (21 days) for the women's freestyle wrestling team. The duration of the meeting and the period of time after it when returning to the plain and the immediate days of the competition were also taken into account.&#x0D; The topical of training athletes also lies in the fact that this is the first Olympic Games after the coronavirus pandemic. The training plan was changed from the usual four-year training cycle to a five-year one. And the next games will take place in three years in Paris.&#x0D; Analysis of the results of the study indicates that the best result and, accordingly, the peak of functionality and endurance at the Olympic Games showed athletes who underwent a training camp lasting 21 days and in which competitive fights came on the 30-32nd day after descending from the mountains.&#x0D; Each sport has its own optimal range of heights for training before the main start, the duration of the training camp and the day the body reaches the peak of functionality and efficiency.

Prospects of Small Business Development in Russian Distribution Sector in the Context of Development of Communication Technology and Trade and Information Globalisation

The paper outlines research findings concerning the aspects and impact of the global environment for small, micro, individual, and family businesses and the self-employed engaged in the distribution sector. It also explores the potential of the information and communications sector for their online transformation. These findings allow the conclusion that internal and global information and communications resources combined with digital tools help to create conditions for a successful online transformation of small, micro, individual, and family businesses and the self-employed in the distribution sector on single digital platforms. This online transformation would help them avoid a direct competitive fight with major retail chains enjoying meaningful advantages in the online environment. One of the successful directions of online transformation for small, micro, individual, and family businesses and the self-employed in the distribution sector is the C2C market operating on global digital platforms.

The interpersonal dynamics of taekwondo fighting

ABSTRACT This study investigates the interpersonal dynamics of a taekwondo fighter–fighter system through the lens of ecological dynamics. The aim was to identify: 1) stable states of fight-fighter system coordination, 2) how the system organised in defensive and 3) attacking situations. Spatio-temporal data of taekwondo fighters from competitive fights was collected. Data was processed to express the taekwondo fighter–fighter system by the continuous time series parameter of interpersonal distance (IPD), the distance between two fighters over time. Data was analysed using linear mixed models, Pearson’s correlations and descriptive statistics. The fighter–fighter system spent most of the fight time (M = 60.43 %, SD = 7.76 %) at 101–200 cm IPD. From this distance, fighters fluctuated between attack (breaking IPD) and defence (maintaining IPD). Findings revealed how taekwondo fighters form a dyadic system that has specific metastable patterns of behaviour. These patterns of behaviour are likely shaped by individual intentions and action capabilities in interaction with task constraints (hit without getting hit). Results highlight the sensitivity that fighters have to their own and their opponent’s action capabilities. Findings have implications for the design of representative practice and research tasks in combat sports.

THE ROLE OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS DEFICIT

The growing demands of many countries in highly qualified specialists and their lack on the national labor markets push countries to use various opportunities from ongoing globalization in the education sector. Countries and their education sectors thus engage into a competitive fight for the brightest foreign graduates, gradually transforming national migration policies and adapting national migration legislation. In this article we are carrying out a comparative analysis of the migration policies applied across the world with the aim to attract foreign students onto national labor markets. We are also considering the toolkit used for migration regulation along with the major contradictions observed.