Speaking Competence Research Articles

Analisis Buku Teks Pelajaran Bahasa Arab SMA/SMK Muhammadiyah Pada Maharah Al-Kalam Sesuai Standar Common European Framework Of Reference (CEFR)

Learning Arabic in SMA/SMK Muhammadiyah aims to develop language competence in the aspects of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This research is literature research with the object of research is an Arabic textbook for class X SMA/SMK Muhammadiyah by Helmy Fauzi Awaliyah and Fauzi. This study focuses on the speaking competence in the book. Analysis of the data using content analysis techniques with the method of observing data sources, both primary data and secondary data, who wants to explore the question of whether the contents of the book and the material presented are relevant to the correct book standards? What level of Arabic speaking competence is in the book based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Language (CEFR) reference? The results showed that in general, Arabic textbooks had fulfilled the material aspects, linguistic aspects, material presentation aspects, and graphic aspects. Then based on the CEFR standard reference, the textbooks are included at levels A1, A2, and B1.

The outcomes of a methodology for developing prospective pharmacists' English lexical competence

This study assessed the effectiveness of a methodology aimed at developing prospective pharmacists' professionally oriented English lexical competence in reading and speaking during individual study. The methodology considered students' interests and experience, forming lexical skills in reading, speaking, listening, and writing, integration with professional subjects, learning metacognitive, cognitive, and compensatory strategies, enhancing students' autonomy through purposeful forming their reflexive abilities, developing professionally oriented English lexical competence in reading and speaking within three stages, using the suggested system of exercises that consists of corresponding groups (correlating with the stages) and subgroups. The paper also substantiates the criteria for assessing the level of prospective pharmacists in mastering professionally oriented English lexical competence in reading and speaking: the accuracy of understanding, the correctness of guessing a lexical unit's meaning, the adequacy of lexical unit's usage, and lexical concentration. In addition, the paper describes the results of the experiment and validates the data obtained with the help of the multifunctional statistic criterion ∏* - of Fishers angular transformation.

PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI BERBICARA GURU BAHASA JERMAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA DIGITAL

The activity under the title Improving the Speaking Competence of German Language Teachers using Digital Media aims to improve German speaking skills of teachers at the BI level by using digital media. The importance of improving teachers' speaking skills, is one of the factors supporting the career of German language teachers, in addition to their pedagogical competence. Beside of that, teachers can apply it in the process of learning German in class. The expectation is teachers are able to develop themselves and learn for the advancement of their career and compete globally. According to observations, it is seen that not all teachers understand the model test of German language skills at level B1. In addition, some teachers still do not take advantage of developing digital media to improve language competence. One of the language skills that is deemed necessary to be trained is speaking. As one of the productive competencies, speaking skills need to be trained continuously as part of improving language competence. As an institution which produces professional educators, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Pattimura University needs to provide knowledge and experience in helping German language teachers improve speaking competence at B1 level. This activity involved 16 German Language teachers from high school in West Seram Regency. The used methods were varied, namely playing, lecturing, question and answer, discussion, partner work and group work. This activity is carried out in several stages. First, it begins with the introduction of the B1 level of speaking competency test. Second, providing material about digital media and techniques that can be used. Third, implementation. In this stage, the teachers practiced speaking with partners. Then they discussed and working the task in groups. Finally, presenting the project of the group's work about tourism spot in West Seram

Conventional Teaching and an Interactive-Based Teaching Methods to adjust Learners’ Grammar and Speaking Competence in English Classrooms: A Comparative Study for effectiveness methods in learning

The study discusses the effectiveness of Conventional Teaching Method utilizing whole-class member group and an Interactive-based Teaching Method employing small group works for improving both learners’ Grammar and Speaking competences in English Grammar classrooms. Data were taken from 68 first-year students of English Education Department of UNIDAYAN University, Bau-Bau, South-East Sulawesi province, who sit in a pre-test and post-test of two English competences; Grammar and Speaking in English. The research design is quasi experimental assigning 5 group works as the independent variables and 2 English competences; Grammar and Speaking in English as the dependent variables. The group works consist of various number of students. The treatment of all group works were reduplicated twice. The study reveals that the interactive-based teaching method utilizing small group works is far more effective for improving both learners’ Grammar and Speaking competences compared to those of conventional teaching method employing whole-class member group work in English Grammar classroom. The learners’ mean achievement is 25.04 points and 8.8 points respectively. The t-test confirms that there is a significant difference between the two methods. Moreover, the less the number of group members the more effective to the achievement of the learning target of the classrooms.

Situational Problems as a Major Factor of Inadequacy of Speaking Competency in Sri Lankan Adult ESL Learners

The main objective of the current study was to explore the impact of situational problems i.e. poor input, low topical knowledge, lack of time for practice, lack of opportunities to practice, the inability to make constructions, and low feedback on adult English as a second language (ESL) learners in learning speaking skills at a government monitored institute of higher education. The current research was prompted by a major research done previously in the same local context on problems faced by ESL learners in learning speaking skills which revealed that cognitive and psychological problems are made worse by situational problems. This qualitative exploratory study was done with 50 adult ESL learners following the higher national diploma in English HNDE at this institute. Open questionnaires and interviews were used as the data gathering instrument of the study that followed the grounded theory. A triangulation of questionnaire data and transcripts of interview data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings confirm the existence of situational problems in the particular context and disclose the lack of time and space given to the subject speaking skills in the curriculum following unwise revisions brought to it. The main cause of students’ low speaking competence is sadly bad teaching.

Criteria for selection of educational material for the formation of future philologists’ Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking

As we can see, the modern processes of modernization of higher education cause particular importance for the formation of professionally-oriented communicative socio-cultural competence, the primary task of the institution is the formation of professional and communicative competence. Korean language didactics needs research, developing and testing of the new teaching methods, because the Korean language is typologically different from the Ukrainian language, the culture of nonverbal behavior of Koreans has no analogues in the world. The study raises issues of modern methods of teaching foreign languages, focuses on the relationship between language and culture, based on the formation of socio-cultural competence.
 The article is devoted to the definition of the main criteria, for which the selection of didactic material for the teaching of Korean oral students can be developed, as well as the formation of Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking. The concept of Korean-speaking linguistic and socio-cultural competence in conversations with future philologists is determined, its role and place in the university curriculum are analyzed. The analysis of structural-component conformity of competence is carried out, special attention is paid to the main tasks and stages of formation of linguistic and sociocultural competence in accordance with the level of students' language proficiency. The definition of the concept of culturally marked vocabulary in the Korean language is proposed. The procedure for selecting educational material is outlined. The selection of educational lexical material for the formation of Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking on the basis of qualitative and quantitative indicators is done. The selection and the analysis of culturally marked lexical items, culturally marked monologues-samples and dialogues-samples are carried out. Methodical recommendations for the formation of Korean linguistic and socio-cultural competence in speaking are also given

TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING (TBLT) TO INCREASE ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL OF INDONESIAN SECONDARY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits and challenges of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in the development of students’ speaking ability in Indonesian Secondary School Context. This study used comprehensive literature review from various sources. From the discussion, it is informed that TBLT is useful to increase English speaking competence of students. Firstly, TBLT is applicable to fosters students’ oral fluency. Secondly, TBLT can improves the speaking accuracy of students. Thirdly, TBLT helps students to enhance their speaking confidence. However, several challenges need to be addressed by the English teachers in order to use TBLT effectively. The finding of this study provides valuable literature for English teachers in Indonesia regarding the use (benefits and challenges) of TBLT to teach speaking skill.

Modified International Toastmaster Approach to Improve Public Speaking Competence

Competency Based Education is very much needed in the era of the industrial revolution 5.0 and the determination of Toba Caldera as a UNESCO Global Geopark provides opportunities, encourages economic and sustainable development, requires skilled worker who has various competencies in a field of work. This competency improvement is also the outcomes of Independent Learning-Independent Campus. This research was the type of online survey tools associative research conducted factual information to obtain the truth. Online Survey Tools Research generally uses a google form as questionnaire instrument filled out by participants used certain methods. (Vasanta Raju 2018). Modified International Toastmaster model, testing and evaluating the model created by the Public Speaking training program involving 30 students of the English Literature Department Universitas Negeri Medan. The findings related to competence using the 10 Toastmaster International project speech delivery have shown at the pie chart (see figure 3.1 to 3.10). Modified International Toastmaster is associated with the six tasks models of Indonesian National Qualification Framework called KKNI to maximize the improvement of various competence in public speaking.

THE SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED ENGLISH SPEAKING

An important component of foreign language communicative competence of teachers who implement subject-language integrated learning (CLIL) is their professionally oriented competence in speaking, which, as evidenced by experience in teaching foreign languages in Ukraine and the world, needs improvement.The relevant research analysis also indicates the actuality of developing CLIL teachers’ linguistic competence. The research aims at substantiating a sequence of activities for the development of professionally oriented speaking skills of CLIL teachers. It has been established that the requirements for the level of language proficiency of teachers are not the same in different educational contexts and are determined in the range from level B1 to C2 according to the Common European Framework of Reference. The sequence of activities has been developed within the electronic refresher course for teachers. The necessity to ensure the development of professionally oriented speaking competence of subject teachers through formal education and self-education, in particular, via an electronic course has been substantiated. E. Gierlinger’s L4C model has been analysed and recognized as the basis for the development of exercises and tasks for the e-course lesson “Language” within the topic “CLIL in the classroom”. The structure of the sequence of exercises and tasks, their types and kinds have been determined. We consider it expedient to distinguish two groups of exercises in the sequence structure: 1) to improve general speaking skills and abilities; 2) to improve professionally-oriented speaking skills. The sequence includes receptive non-communicative, reproductive semi-communicative exercises for substitution of elements into speech patterns, transformation and additions, expansion and completion of speech patterns, answers to questions, productive semi-communicative exercises for combining speech patterns into supra-phrase dialogic units monologues and dialogues) and communicative tasks. Examples of these exercises and tasks have been given. Exercises and tasks of the sequence have been discussed with colleagues, piloted in classes on methods of teaching foreign languages, and approved by experts. A conclusion has been made about the need to increase the motivation of teachers to self-education to teach subjects in a foreign language. The prospect of further research lies in peer evaluation of the course content and piloting the course on the MOODLE platform.

Learning Arabic as an L2

Arabic as a foreign language for Indonesians is an important part, but in reality learning Arabic as L2 is faced with various serious problems, this is further exacerbated by the learning carried out in Covid-19. This research aims to reveal the impact of online learning on learners' Arabic language skills particularly on aspects of speaking skills. This research is carried out with a qualitative approach, data collection techniques are carried out with observations, interviews and documentation studies. Based on the results of the study, it was found that online learning greatly impacted the speaking competence Arabic language. Learning Arabic as L2 in boarding schools that are carried out online causes many learners who do not hear both arabic words and sentences spoken by teachers, the desire to repeat the teacher's speech and students are afraid because it is not clear what will be said. This reality may be due to inadequate and inaccuracy in the selection of media, but from the existing data the ability of learners to speak using Arabic does not show an increase. The recommendation of this study is that learning Arabic as L2 should maximize offline learning forms.

Facilitating EFL Students’ Development of Speaking Skills through Cue Card Media

This paper aims to investigate the use of Cue Card Media to facilitate the improvement in the English speaking competence through storytelling based on the recount text at the grade 10 students of SMK 1 public vocational high school using Cue Card Media. This Classroom Action Research employed four main stages by Kemmis and McTaggart’s (2014) model, including planning, action, observation, and reflection. The present proposed CAR study was undertaken at the SMK 1 public vocational high school Gorontalo as the site for this study, with the grade ten students majoring the program stream of travel business or Usaha Perjalanan Wisata (henceforth UPW) being the subject of this study. The data in this research were collected by using several instruments, to include checklist observation, questionnaire, and speaking test. Further, the analysis reports of this CAR study relied heavily upon the qualitative interpretation, whilst quantitative served to strengthen the qualitative data interpretations. The results found that the application of the Cue Card successfully enhanced students’ speaking skills by 26.28% statistically, with 55.56% in the first cycle and 81.84% in the second cycle. Following the open-ended survey questionnaires, it appeared that due to the efficacy of Cue Cards, these attractive speaking media benefitted students when it comes to speaking performance activities, yet the drawbacks of Cue Card learning media in speaking were also recognized. Discussions as to how Cue Cards may develop the practice of speaking instruction were also provided. This study adds to the growing pool of literature on the Cue Card implementation in the teaching of speaking skills in English.

Emotional (UN) Wellness in Learning Speaking Among University Students

Emotional (un)wellness in the time of learning speaking among university students is recognized as an important issue, thus more data on students’ psychological problems level and effective strategies to overcome such problems are needed. All enrolled 2nd semester students from English Education Department at the University of Mataram were invited to complete an online-based survey. The psychological problems were assessed using qualitative method. Results showed that the psychological problems encountered by the students included: anxiety (62%, High), fear of making mistakes (54%, Moderate), feeling embarrased (48%, Moderate), lack of confidence (51%, Moderate), and lack of motivation (19%). Leading psychological problem is anxiety that comprises more than one tenth percent of the total problems. The main causes of the problems were associated with: fear of negative responses from the classmates, fear of sounding silly when speaking, and feeling embarassed to speak. In coping with these problems, the students preferred to use talk-to-the-mirror and talk-to-a-friend methods. Despite the many problems, majority of the students have very low demotivation level (19%), meaning that they have very high motivation to learn, to participate and to improve their speaking competence in learning speaking (81%). These results provide evidence that psychological problems in learning speaking among university students do exist. They also highlight the need for serious efforts to overcome the problems.

Movies as an authentic input in L2 speaking class: A Dynamic Usage-Based approach in EFL teaching in Indonesia

One of the characteristics of a Dynamic Usage-Based (DUB) approach to the second language is schematic patterns emerge through use and interaction where the intense focus is in input. Video or movie as an example of authentic input often provides a natural context for conversations to emerge among the students and teacher in class since students want to know or share their opinions about the characters or events in the movie. This recent study's objective was to demonstrate that movies or videos provide an authentic input in L2 class. This study's population sample was 30 students of the second-year English Education program in 2021 at Artha Wacana Christian University Kupang in Indonesia. A simple random sampling technique was applied to select this sample. The study was conducted over 12 teaching periods using the DUB approach, where the procedure was processed by a pre-test, treatment, and ended by post-test. The instruments used in this study were speaking class lesson plans and English speaking tests (both pre-test and post-test). The Mean and Paired Sample T-Test was employed in the data analysis. The result shows a significant difference between students' English speaking competence taught using movies and those taught using a conventional method. Therefore, using movies in classroom teaching is in line with the DUB approach as one of its principles is authentic input.

Movie Exploratory Study for Appropriate Cultural Contents for Enhancing Thai EFL Students’ English-Speaking Skills and Intercultural Communicative Competence

Currently, English is regarded as the global language used in communication by people in multicultural backgrounds, and language and culture are inseparable. Therefore, teaching and learning English need to address the cultural knowledge and develops the learners’ skills of intercultural communicative competence through authentic texts. Movies provide rich cultural content with real language used for communication contexts. This paper intends to investigate problems and needs of Thai EFL students in developing English speaking skills and intercultural communicative competence (ICC), and to explore appropriate English movies with cultural contents for enhancing students’ English speaking and intercultural communicative competence. The participants, 65 in total are divided into three group involving experts in movie fields, English teachers, and students in undergraduate level who enrolled for English for Communication. The research instruments employed in this research consists of the Needs Analysis Survey Questionnaire for Teaching and Learning English and Intercultural and Movie Exploratory Survey Questionnaire. The results revealed that the students realized the importance of learning English and culture and they indicate that they would feel more confident in communicating in English in reality. However, they lacked opportunity to expose to using English in the real context. The study also found top ten English movies which provide fruitful English language communication and cultural contents in the movie scenes for developing Thai EFL students to learn English speaking and intercultural communicative competence. EFL teachers, course designers, or language educators can make use of these findings for developing the curricula or revise existing English curricula to suit needs and problems of students and integrating the list of movies with cultural contents for enhancing Thai EFL learners’ communicative competence.

EFL students’ reluctance to speak in the classroom — a lesson not learned?

A recapitulation of speaker reluctance before and during the pandemic It would be far from true to say the global Covid-19 pandemic is over. Looking at secondary education, however, a number of English teachers must feel that they went full circle: From the ‘usual’ teaching in a classroom to online-lessons, distance learning, some hybrid models and back to the classroom. Looking back at the time before the outbreak of Coronavirus, teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) included various difficulties, students’ reluctance to speak being one of the omnipresent ones. As a ubiquitous problem, teachers invest great amounts of energy into convincing their students to vocally take part in class — rightly so, given the importance of speaking for the students’ development of speaking competence. To build and foster speaking competence, also phrased as communicative ability, verbal student interaction is required in every phase of learning the language. This again relies on positive attitudes towards speaking activities that allow for practice of oral production and reproduction (Szpotowicz 2012, Savaşçı 2013). Despite all efforts, too little student participation appeared to be a recurring problem already before the pandemic (Savaşçı 2013). But when the virus outbreak became a global pandemic and schools switched to online lessons, different studies showed the same pattern: Participation decreased in general and feelings of restraint regarding oral participation grew (Meşe & Sevilen 2021, Bray et al. 2021, Unger et al. 2020).

The Correlation Between Students’ Speaking Self-Efficacy and Collocation Competence in Speaking at SMPN 1 Parengan

Speaking, among the four basic language skills – speaking, listening, writing, reading-, is of an exclusive importance in daily life and it is a vital complementary tool in communication skills. Unfortunately, it is not that easy to master English speaking skill and use it to communicate, especially for students who learn English as foreign language (EFL), where they rarely find the situation to use English. Meanwhile, self-efficacy is one of the factors that affect the success of EFL students speaking skill. On the other hand, collocation is a succession of two or more words that must be learned as an integral whole and not pieced together from its component parts which is also an important factor in mastering speaking. This research was carried out to know whether there is a correlation between students’ speaking self-efficacy and collocation competence in speaking. The researcher chose ninth grade students of SMPN 1 PARENGAN to conduct this study. The researcher used the students 9A, 9B, and 9C as the sample which involved 103 students. The data was obtained from a speaking self-efficacy questionnaire and a speaking test. The result of the data correlation coefficient is 0,760 with 0.00 Significant (ρ = 0.00). So, null hypothesis (Ho) can be rejected. It means there is a positive and high correlation between students’ speaking self-efficacy and collocation competence in speaking. It can be concluded that the higher the speaking self-efficacy, the higher the collocation competence in speaking.

DOES EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND INFLUENCE STUDENTS’ PUBLIC SPEAKING SKILL? REALITY VS STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE

The purposes of this study are to investigate the substantial difference in public speaking abilities between students with a natural science and social science background in their high school, and to investigate the students’ point of view related to this issue. This study is a case study approach that is naturally qualitative, which involved 163 students of English Education Study Program, at one state university on North Sumatera province. Semi-structured techniques were used for data collection. The data collected in this study then were inspected out by using two methods; statistical count for quantitative data related to students’ senior high school educational background, and particular substances analysis for qualitative data related to students’ performance in their public speaking. Questionnaire and interview were conducted to assemble the data related to students’ experiences and involvements in taking the public speaking subject and its practice based on their educational background in senior high school, and to collect the students’ opinion related to this difference. The analysis resulted that natural science students in average achieve score 3.58, meanwhile social science students in average achieve score 3.51. The difference is 0.07 point or 1.4%. The average score between the students in natural science and social science can be stated as not significantly different. In addition, generally, all the students who were interviewed believed that public speaking competency is not correlated with majoring in senior high school.

Oral Language Proficiency: Basis for Material Design and Development

This study was conducted to examine the perceived level of oral language proficiency of the first-year college students enrolled in the Purposive Communication course during the school year 2019-2020 in a private university of Davao City. It also aimed to determine the challenges experienced in speaking activities. This study used embedded mixed-method design. An adopted survey questionnaire was used in quantitative that contained six constructs: comprehension, fluency, vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, and non-verbal communication. Whereas, in qualitative data, it employed focus group discussion. Sixty respondents participated in quantitative data selected through simple random sampling, and eight respondents participated in interview sessions. Results reveal that: (a) students’ overall perceived level of their oral language proficiency is high; (b) the themes that flourished in the FGD are dilemmas in comprehending the subject matter/topic, drawbacks in analyzing the question, troubles in organizing thoughts and ideas, predicament brought by stage fright, shortfall of vocabularies, insufficiency of terms, hurdles with difficult words, struggles on how to pronounce words correctly, problems with sentence construction, lack of mastery of the rules of subject-verb agreement, experiencing uneasiness through physical reactions, and exhibiting anxiousness through physical activities/discomfort. It is recommended that the proposed instructional material should be utilized to aid the needed speaking competence. 
 

English Intercultural Tutorial for University Students Majoring in Japanese

This paper is the first attempt to present the implementation results of the language-learning tutorial based on intercultural and communicative approaches in a classical university in Ukraine. The authors present a new tutorial method for teaching English at Departments of the Far East Languages in Classical Universities of Ukraine. This method is aimed to facilitate the acquisition of essential aspects of knowledge about a country as a regional and cultural subject as well as to improve students’ English speaking and conversational skills. The experimental research involved 2nd and 3rd year university students majoring in the Japanese and English languages. The authors proposed the original design of the tutorial to be used both for English speaking practice and as a part of the course content. Considering the psycholinguistic peculiarities of Ukrainian students to percept and understand the English and East Asian languages, the tutorial under review stimulates students’ cognitive activity during the English learning process and when developing sociocultural competence with regard to the Far East. Compare and Contrast activities in the English language classroom can create a favourable learning environment resulting in students gaining knowledge and acquiring skills necessary for proficient English users. At the same time, they get the opportunity to pick up more information about Japan using the sources about the country available in the English language. The ability to categorise and compare things in terms of their differences and similarities corresponds to the main stages of cognitive development. Compare and contrast as teaching and learning strategies can be applied when teaching monologic and dialogic production, in particular when discussing similarities and differences of cultural, natural, geographical, historical, political and art objects of Ukraine and Japan. In this article, the interdependence between the use of the tutorial method and academic achievements in English speaking competence has been proved, since the students have significantly improved their speaking fluency in English about the Far East.

The effect of in-class and one-on-one video feedback on EFL learners’ English public speaking competency and anxiety

Video feedback (VF) is a useful learning technique in acquiring public speaking skills due to its capacity to retain both verbal and non-verbal elements of multimodal communication. Previous research has focused on video self-critique, peer VF, online feedback, or one-on-one VF in the first language (L1) context and has yielded varied results regarding the impact of VF on public speaking competence and anxiety. Therefore, this quasi-experimental classroom-based study compared the impact of the one-on-one VF and in-class VF on public speaking competency and anxiety of learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Three intact university-level English classes in China (n = 74) were assigned to the three conditions (in-class VF, one-on-one VF, and verbal feedback). Data on students’ speaking competence were validated using many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM). Subsequent gain score analysis and ANCOVA showed that in-class VF significantly improved students’ delivery skill and global competence and reduced their speaking anxiety compared with the verbal feedback group. It is proposed that in-class VF be employed as an instructional procedure to help EFL learners improve their public speaking skills and reduce their public speaking anxiety, particularly in the teaching context of a large class size together with comparatively limited logistic and teaching resources.