Compensation Technique Research Articles

Mitigating Camera Interference Arising From RF High Transmit Power: The Role of Common Mode Filters and Receiver Compensation Techniques

Mitigating Camera Interference Arising From RF High Transmit Power: The Role of Common Mode Filters and Receiver Compensation Techniques

Gain-Bandwidth Product Compensation Technique by 16-Unit Tail Current Control for a Radiation Tolerant Preamplifier With 0.9% Amplitude Drop up to 5 Mrad

Gain-Bandwidth Product Compensation Technique by 16-Unit Tail Current Control for a Radiation Tolerant Preamplifier With 0.9% Amplitude Drop up to 5 Mrad

Phase Error Compensation Technique Based on Phase-Shifting Fringe Analysis: A Review (Invited)

Phase Error Compensation Technique Based on Phase-Shifting Fringe Analysis: A Review (Invited)

Adaptive Event-Triggered Fuzzy Control for Stochastic Highly Nonlinear Systems With Time Delay and Nontriangular Structure Interconnections

The problem of adaptive fuzzy control based on the switching event-triggered mechanism for stochastic highly nonlinear system with time-varying delays, actuator faults and non-triangular structure interconnections is investigated in this article. By constructing the corresponding Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and variable separation method, the complex nonlin- ear functions with time-varying delays and highly nonlinearity can be handled. With the help of the fuzzy logic systems and adaptive compensation technique, the processing difficulty of the unknown nonlinear terms and the parameters of actuator faults is reduced. Simultaneously, the proposed control scheme can greatly decrease the waste of communication resources by a switching event-triggered mechanism. Then, all signals in the system are ensured to be bounded under Lyapunov stability theorem. Ultimately, the simulation example demonstrates the availability of the developed control scheme.

A conservative implicit scheme for three-dimensional steady flows of diatomic gases in all flow regimes using unstructured meshes in the physical and velocity spaces

A conservative implicit scheme in the finite volume discrete velocity method framework is proposed for solving the three-dimensional steady flows of molecular gases in all flow regimes from continuum one to free-molecular one. This work is based on the Boltzmann–Rykov model equation, which is a nonlinear relaxation model and can describe the thermodynamic non-equilibrium of diatomic gas flows. The macroscopic equations are solved implicitly together with the Rykov model equation to find a predicted equilibrium distribution first at each iteration step. As a result, the collision term of the Rykov model equation can be discretized in a fully implicit way for fast convergence in all flow regimes. At the cell interface, an asymptotic preserving simplified multi-scale numerical flux is developed to relieve the limitation of grid size and time step in all flow regimes, which can keep the multi-scale property and achieve high computational efficiency. The integral error compensation technique is used to keep the scheme conservative and greatly reduce the number of unstructured discrete velocity space (DVS) meshes. Furthermore, an empirical criterion based on the numerical experiments of the Apollo 6 command module is suggested to guide the generation of three-dimensional unstructured DVS. The accuracy and efficiency of the present method are demonstrated by a number of three-dimensional classic cases, covering different flow regimes.

An Optimized Temperature Compensated Ring Oscillator with Low Power Consumption and Low Variation

In this paper a low power ring oscillator with three differential delay stages and one output buffer stage is designed for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. The proposed oscillator is designed with neural network model and its parameters are optimized with Teaching–Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The central frequency of the oscillator becomes independent of the temperature with the help of two temperature compensation techniques. In the first technique, the PMOS load transistor of each stage is connected to the NMOS diode connected - in series - transistor. Since these two transistors work in complement of each other, the temperature variation of each stage’s output voltage is decreased. In the second technique, the current variation of oscillator stages versus temperature is reduced since the diode connected transistor is employed in the current source structure. The simulation is done in 0.18 µm Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology with the help of Cadence software and the chip area of the layout designed with this software is 19×25 µm2. The designed oscillator exhibits the following parameters: a central frequency of 7.5 MHz, the power dissipation is 238 nW and the frequency deviation is 210 ppm/̊C in the temperature range of 0 to 120ºC, the noise phase and the period jitter are -87.05 dBc/Hz and 0.578 ns (rms), respectively, at 100 KHz offset frequency and 10000 clock cycle.

TEST PLATFORM PARADIGM FOR UNDERWATER DYNAMICS MEASUREMENTS

This paper presents a test platform paradigm for underwater dynamics measurement. The platform aims to ad- dress the limitations of current measurement techniques and provide a comprehensive understanding of underwater dynamics. The proposed platform incorporates advanced control systems and compensation techniques to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements. The effectiveness of the platform is demonstrated through experimental results, showing improved performance compared to existing methods. The test platform paradigm offers a promising approach for underwater dynamics measurement in various applications.

An Isolated Frequency Compensation Technique for Ultra-Low-Power Low-Noise Two-Stage OTAs

An Isolated Frequency Compensation Technique for Ultra-Low-Power Low-Noise Two-Stage OTAs

Reduction of Dynamic Spatial Distortion of Miniaturized Streak Tube Using Deflection Compensation Technique

Reduction of Dynamic Spatial Distortion of Miniaturized Streak Tube Using Deflection Compensation Technique

Iterative multi-photon adaptive compensation technique for deep tissue two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging

Iterative multi-photon adaptive compensation technique for deep tissue two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging

Real-Time Structural Damage Detection Using EMI under Varying Load a and Temperature Conditions

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a critical aspect of maintaining the safety and integrity of infrastructure. In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards adopting innovative techniques, and one of the most promising methods is Electromechanical Impedance (EMI). EMI involves the utilization of piezoelectric transducers to assess the health of structures in real-time by examining changes in their electrical characteristics. The presence of load causes a change in structural stiffness, which alters the resonant characteristics of the structure. Understanding how external factors like load and temperature influence the electrical impedance of these sensors is essential for its reliable application in damage detection. This article presents an experimental and numerical study to investigate the effects of load and temperature on the electrical impedance of a piezoelectric sensor used in the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique. The experimental setup uses an impedance analyzer (Agilent 4294A model) to measure the in-situ EMI of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) attached to the monitored structure. The numerical model uses ANSYS software to simulate an aluminum beam at varying temperatures. The results show that the load and temperature have a significant effect on the impedance of the transducer. However, it is shown that it is still possible to detect damage using EMI even under varying load and temperature conditions. The results also show that the accuracy of EMI-based damage detection can be improved by using temperature and load compensation techniques.

Time delay in a mechatronic Power-HIL system: Analysis and model-based compensation

The Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) methodology enables testbed solutions that support the development of complex mechatronic components. In PHIL testing, a unit under test (UUT) is coupled with a virtual representation of its surroundings. As an example, a real railway pantograph current collector UUT can be tested in real-time interaction with a virtual overhead catenary. However, due to the closed-loop feedback interconnection and the exchange of power between real and virtual systems, such a PHIL control structure is highly sensitive to time delays in the signal paths which limits its performance, accuracy, and stability. In this work, methods to evaluate and compensate for the effect of time delays in a typical PHIL structure are proposed. A model-based PHIL control system is introduced to demonstrate the effect of time-delay compensation techniques, including utilising specific reduced-order models to achieve efficient time-delay compensation. The performance of the control system is demonstrated and validated via simulations and experiments on a scaled PHIL test setup, which is related to railway pantograph testing. In addition, criteria to analyse system stability are formulated and demonstrated with respect to uncompensated time delays and unknown UUT contact stiffness.

A High-Precision Bandgap Reference with Chopper Stabilization and V-Curve Compensation Technique.

The MEMS sensor converts the physical signal of nature into an electrical signal. The output signal of the MEMS sensor is so weak and basically in the low-frequency band that the MEMS sensor interface circuit has a rigorous requirement for the noise/offset and temperature coefficient, especially in the bandgap reference block. However, the traditional amplifier has low-frequency noise and offset voltage, which will decrease the precision of the bandgap reference. In order to satisfy the need of the MEMS sensor interface circuit, a high-precision and low-noise bandgap reference is proposed in this paper. A novel operational amplifier with a chopper-stabilization technique is adopted to reduce offset and low-frequency noise. At the same time, the V-curve compensation circuit is used to realize the second-order curvature compensation. The circuit is implemented under the 0.18 μm standard of the CMOS process. The test result shows that the temperature coefficient of the bandgap is 2.31 ppm/°C in the range of -40-140 °C, while the output voltage noise is only 616 nV/sqrt(Hz)@1 Hz and the power-supply rejection ratio is 73 dB@10 kHz. The linear adjustment rate is 0.33 mV/V for supply voltages of 1.2-1.8 V at room temperature, the power consumption is only 107 μW at 1.8 V power supply voltage, and the chip active area is 0.21 × 0.28 mm2.

Robust fuzzy model predictive control for nonlinear discrete‐time systems

SummaryThis paper studies the issue of Robust Fuzzy Model Predictive Control (RFMPC) of nonlinear discrete‐time systems in the presence of disturbance. To this end, Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is adopted in order to characterize uncertain nonlinear systems and facilitate providing controller for such systems. Non‐parallel distributed compensation (non‐PDC) technique is applied to design improved RFPMC with better performance. The optimization problem of RFMPC is represented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) so as to decrease online computational burden. Besides, feasibility and stability which are decisive factors in MPC theory are investigated for the proposed method. Ultimately, two examples including cart‐damper‐spring system are simulated to evaluate the results of this research work.

How to Perform Reliable IR Compensation in Electrocatalysis?

iR compensation is one of the most used techniques in electrochemical analysis, which is designed to correct the voltage loss between the working electrode and the reference electrode in the electrolyte (Rsolution).[1] It is conducted using two methods frequently, namely the after-the-scan and the on-the-fly methods. A factor is often engaged when performing the iR compensation, which is an empirical value (e.g., 80%~100%) chosen by researchers. After the compensation, the experimental data (mainly electrocatalytic indicators like overpotential and Tafel slope) can be greatly “improved”.[2] However, the abuse of iR compensation, especially in electrocatalysis studies, can generate misleading and exaggerated results.In this study, we present a detailed analysis of the applicability of the iR compensation technique in current electrocatalysis studies by revisiting the technical assumptions.[3] A few considerations are discussed. Firstly, it is pointed out that the resistance obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is not always the resistance that needs to be compensated. The main reason is the involvement of the catalyst material resistance (Rcatalyst) and the contact resistance between the substrate and the catalyst material (Rcontact) (Figure 1). Depending on the types of activity (intrinsic activity, sample activity, electrode activity, and industrial activity) of interest, one should choose different resistance values. For example, only Rsolution should be compensated when studying the electrode activity, but both Rcontact and Rsolution should be compensated for sample activity analysis. Secondly, the resistance may be potential/time-dependent, meaning the value should be measured at the reaction condition, other than the often-used open circuit potential. Thirdly, the distribution of resistance on the catalyst surface sites is uneven, suggesting that one single value cannot be used for sites at different surface traits. Fourthly, most researchers use linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) where the current is always contributed by both the Faradic current and non-Faradic current. However, only the Faradic current should be compensated because non-Faradic current does not flow between the working and reference electrodes.Regarding these considerations and experimental methods, we further suggested a standard workflow to perform iR compensation in electrocatalysis studies.[3] Figure 1. Voltage loss across a three-electrode system with a modified working electrode and the corresponding equivalent circuit diagram. (1) surface of the substrate; (2) surface of the catalyst contacting the substrate; (3) surface of the catalyst contacting the electrolyte solution; (4) outer boundary of the diffuse layer; (5) junction of the reference electrode. Reference: Bard, A. J.; Faulkner, L. R. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001 Anantharaj, S.; Noda, S. J. Mater. Chem. A 2022, 10, 17, 9348– 9354 Zheng, W. ACS Energy Lett. 2023, 8, 4, 1952–1958 Figure 1

No murder without a clue: An intersemiotic translation of murders in And Then There Were None

The aim of this study is to analyze the detective novel titled And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie to find out the implicit or explicit clues in the conflict part of the plot to allow the readers to be able to draw inferences or anticipations on the resolution. Following the identification of the relevant contexts in the source text, the TV mini series adaptation of the novel is also analyzed in comparison to the source contexts to find out the extent of preservation or omission of the meaning in intersemiotic translation. The contexts with implicit or explicit clues are discussed in relation to discursive techniques in a narration, particularly anticipation and amorce techniques. The relevant contexts in the source text are mostly found to be preserved in the target text. However, this preservation does not come directly copying or transferring the content to the target text, rather the dynamics different between a literary text and audiovisual text could impel the intersemiotic translator to employ the compensation technique in the adaptation process. A text of visual and cognitive nature is translated to another semiotic system incorporating the auditory aspect to TV adaptations, resulting in translation decisions different from interlingual translations. As a result of the analysis, it is recommended that compensation technique could allow the target viewers to gather anticipations as regards the resolution as is the case with source readers in intersemiotic translation. Therefore, what counts in novel-to-TV adaptations turns out to be the extent of similarity rather than a quest for sameness.

Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator with Phase Compensation Technique for Jitter Reduction in 180 nm CMOS Technology

This paper presents a novel jitter reduction technique for a voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO). This technique is helpful in employing VCRO-based circuits like Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and time-based circuits whose performance is severely degraded by high jitter. In the proposed technique, the jitter is extracted using Excess Phase Discrimination (EPD) block and is transformed into Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal, which is then fed into the Phase Compensator (PC) block. This block reduces the jitter by about half its value after enabling the Single Ended Injection Locking (SEIL). The proposed work is designed in SCL 180 nm CMOS technology at 1.8 V supply. On enabling the proposed circuit, the Root Mean Square (RMS) jitter reduces from 5.94 to 2.58 ps (about 56%) for VCRO running at 58 MHz and consumes a total power of 375.84 [Formula: see text]W. The overall performance of the proposed circuit does not vary much in the post-layout simulations, hence demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

Dynamic PDC and HMM-based asynchronous output feedback strict dissipative control for nonlinear singular incomplete jumping systems with actuator saturation

This paper investigates the asynchronous output feedback strict dissipative control for nonlinear singular incomplete jumping systems with actuator saturation via dynamic parallel distributed compensation technique and hidden Markov model mechanism. Dynamic parallel distributed compensation technique is used to design the asynchronous fuzzy dynamic output feedback controller and hidden Markov model is employed to describe the asynchronous phenomenon between the singular Markov jump system modes and the dynamic output feedback controller modes. Novel conditions of stochastic admissibility and strict dissipativity for the fuzzy closed-loop singular Markov jump systems are derived based on singular value decomposition technique and improved L-K functional. The asynchronous dynamic output feedback controller gains are developed in terms of linear matrix inequalities and the minimization optimization scheme is proposed by established ellipsoid. Single-link robot arm simulation results illustrate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Convergence speed of dynamic consensus with delay compensation

A well-known drawback in distributed average consensus of multi-agent systems is that the exchanged information is usually delayed due to the time elapsed during the data transmission process. Using classical dynamic average consensus, delays may lead to poor performance or even instability. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic consensus method that counteracts the negative effects of delays by means of delay compensation techniques. The interest of our dynamic consensus method with delay compensation is that it converges under mild conditions on graph connectivity and bounded reference signals, no matter how large the delays are, as long as delays are fixed and known. We also provide a formal characterization of the convergence speed of our method. Additionally, our results apply to fixed directed strongly connected, and undirected topologies.

Elastomagnetic Sensor-Based Long-Term Tension Monitoring of Prestressed Bridge Member with Temperature Compensation

Continuous monitoring of the prestressed members of a bridge under construction using the free cantilever method (FCM) is crucial for ensuring bridge safety. Temperature-sensitive sensors require special considerations as they may misinterpret the signal and tension. Moreover, the unnecessary and inappropriate use of features obtained from the sensor signal can deteriorate the efficiency of the signal and, therefore, tension analysis. This study proposes a tension estimation method using an embedded elastomagnetic (EM) sensor with a temperature-compensation technique. Changes in the signal due to the tension in the temporary steel rods were analyzed using a full-scale test, and the sensor data were acquired for 15 months via the field application. The temperature effect on the signal could be removed by subtracting the tension from the signal using the thermistor data, reducing the error by 91.99% when considering permeability. Additionally, linear regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) algorithms were adopted to predict the tension. Furthermore, the performances of both algorithms were compared using mean absolute error (MAE) and R2. For the prediction using each feature in magnetic hysteresis, LR surpassed ML and the permeability exhibited the highest prediction performance. Meanwhile, predictions using multiple features were attempted to investigate the applicability of ML. Two cases of prediction were performed using ML: on using all the features and the other using three features excluding coercivity, which showed poor relevance to tension. As a result, the performance of the tension prediction was improved significantly compared to the results obtained by LR. In summary, the obtained results have demonstrated that the utilization of selective features of data with temperature compensation techniques could enhance predictive power.