Compatibility Tables Research Articles

A new function in the Stabilis database: physical compatibility and incompatibility of injectable drugs to secure Y-site administration

ObjectivesIn intensive care units, the mixing of injectable drugs via Y-site administration is often necessary. However, some mixtures can lead to physical incompatibility or chemical instability. To assist healthcare professionals,...

Using Hierarchical Compatibility Tables to Study the Factors Affecting the Iraqi Dinar Exchange Rate for The Period (2011 – 2018)

The exchange rate is of great importance as it is a link between the local economy and the global economy, and there are many factors that determine the trends of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate against the US dollar. And measuring the extent of the impact of each factor, and the results have shown that the most affecting factor in the exchange rate is the annual inflation rate, where its impact ranges between (1-4) times that of revenue, surplus or deficit, and the interest rate, which shows a clear difference in that effect.

Development of a Two-Dimensional Compatibility Table for Intravenous Y-Site Drug Administration in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Development of a Two-Dimensional Compatibility Table for Intravenous Y-Site Drug Administration in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Compatibility of drugs administered as Y-site infusion in intensive care units: A systematic review

ObjectivesTo gather all published information about the stability of drugs commonly used in Intensive Care Units (ICU); evaluate the methodology of published data; and generate a compatibility table. Design(i) A systematic review was conducted searching the following databases: Medline, Stabilis, Handbook of Injectable Drugs and Micromedex. Articles published from 1990 to 2017 in English, Spanish and French were included. (ii) Article quality was analyzed according to the stability studies practice guidelines. (iii) A compatibility table was produced with data for 44 binary combinations of drugs frequently used in the ICU. ScopeSpanish and international hospital ICU. ResultsThe systematic review included 29 studies (27 originals, 2 reviews). None of the included studies followed all the methodological requirements. However, 93% guaranteed correct reproducibility. Accordingly, drug stability knowledge was available for 50.3% of the studied admixtures, in which 77.1% of the binary combinations proved compatible and 16.8% proved incompatible. ConclusionsThis review provides new reliable evidence about the physicochemical stability of drugs commonly used in the critical care setting. The study contributes to the safe administration of intravenous drugs in critical patients with a view to avoiding adverse events in this frail population.

50. Magnetic Resonance Imaging optimization for liver SBRT: Breath-triggered acquisition in treatment position to improve lesion contouring

Introduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) acquisition in treatment position was implemented in our institution for the need of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) program. During imaging acquisition, significant liver motion is usually observed due to breathing motion. The aim of this study is to report the benefits of setting out a breath-triggered MRI protocol optimized for radiotherapy (RT) planning in order to account for liver motion. Material and methods Prior to imaging, three internal gold fiducials were implanted under echo or CT guidance in the vicinity of the lesion site in order to improve images registration, patient’s positioning and target volume tracking during SBRT treatment. A 4D CT scan was acquired in treatment position. Images were reconstructed in six phases across the respiratory cycle with CT50 being the exhale image set used for MR image registration. MRI was acquired with a 18-channel design body ex coil on a 1.5T MR scan. The patients were set up with the same immobilization and positioning devices as for CT imaging thanks to a MR compatible table. The three sequences were systematically used:- For lesion visualization, axial single shot fast spin echo T2-weighted (T2) with fat saturation was first acquired with breath triggering on exhale. – Fiducials are visible on ultra-fast gradient echo T1-weighted DIXON (T1 DIXON) water reconstructed images acquired in exhale breath hold. – Lesion are also well defined after injected T1-weighted Fast Low Angle Shot (T1 TFL) imaging sequence acquired with breath triggering on expiration phase. Gold fiducials are also visible on this sequence. Slice thickness was set to 2 mm and all sequences were acquired in the same plane with the same slice position in order to ease image registration in the treatment planning software. The entire MRI protocol acquisition lasts around 20 min depending on the regularity of the patient’s breathing pattern. Results The lesion was not always visible on 4D CT scan, even on images with contrast enhancement hence the need of MRI to better define the lesion. Target motion range was assessed based on fiducials’ displacement. Most frequently, treatment planning is performed on expiration phases but when lesion movement is small with breathing, target contouring is done over all phases and treatment planning is achieved in free breathing. The use of the same table and immobilization device for MRI minimized uncertainties due to patient position for image registration. An example of MR/CT50 registration and target volume definition is illustrated on Fig. 1. Download : Download high-res image (447KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusion The use of MR imaging sequences optimized to account for fiducial visualization and tumor delineation allow high precision target delineation for treatment planning. Increasing cases of patients eligible for SBRT and its proof of benefit have stimulated the effort to setup and improve new imaging protocols at our institute for a personalized and optimal SBRT treatment. Recent developments in 4D MRI demonstrated the possibility to sort and reconstruct the images according to the respiratory phases [1] , [2] , [3] . Future implementation of 4D MRI in our institution would allow better registration with 4D CT planning over the entire breathing cycle and delineation accuracy will benefit from significant improvements.

P13. Spine SBRT: Benefit of Magnetic Resonance Imaging acquisition in treatment position and first results of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy dose plan

Purpose In stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), high-gradient dose is delivered and target volumes have to be delineated precisely in order to avoid irradiation of healthy tissue. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) acquisition in treatment position allows same spine curvature reproduction and shows to be useful to delineate organs at risk such as spinal cord. The aim of this study is to report the benefit of setting out an imaging protocol optimized for SBRT planning and to present a Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) methodology to treat spine metastasis. Material and methods Patient immobilization and positioning was first set up at the GE Healthcare Planning CT scan with dedicated thermo-plastic nets, supports and cushions. An MR compatible table was designed by Orfit Industries and approved for testing by Siemens Healthcare. The same patient’s immobilization devices were used at the MR scan to perform optimized imaging series to reproduce treatment position. At the 1.5T Siemens Aera MR scan, head and body ex coils were used and imaging sequences were optimized to account for the table and immobilization devices. Coronal 3D Turbo Spin Echo T2-weighted and T1-weighted (3D TSE T2-w and 3D T1-w TSE) had the same acquisition matrix size and field-of-view with 1.00 mm slice thickness, resulting in isotropic voxel size of 1.00 mm3. TR/TE were 1100 ms/132 ms (T2-w) and 400 ms/18 ms (T1-w), respectively. Gross Target Volume (GTV) was contoured as the visible lesion on CT scan or hyper-signal on MR images. Clinical Target Volume was delineated upon GTV location according to [1]. The Planning Target Volume was defined as CTV + 2 mm. An optimized PTV was created: PTV2 = [PTV { (medullary canal + (spinal cord + 3 mm))]. VMAT dose plans were performed with AAA algorithm (Eclipse v11), 6MV fields and 1 mm calculation grid. The prescription was 3 * 9 Gy on the median volume of the PTV2. We compared different methods to decrease the dose outside the PTV2 (NTO function (Normal Tissue Objective) vs; NTO automatic vs. rings). A second study was performed to compare different configurations: 2 coplanar 360° arcs (collimators 15°/345° or 100°/80°) and 4 coplanar 360° arcs (collimators 15°/345/100°/80°). Results There was no problem of registration on the spine curvature between CT and MR images thanks to the table and immobilization devices (Fig. 1A). Examples of MR/Planning CT registration with benefit for target volume and organs at risk delineation are illustrated on Fig. 1B. Different geometries of PTV were considered, when spinous process was involved, 4 arcs are needed to better conform the PTV and respect the dose to the spinal cord. Dose plans reach good coverage of PTV2 (95% PTV received 96.8% of the prescribed dose), maximum dose for PTV2 was 105%. For the spinal cord +2 mm, max dose was 19.85 Gy, V11.1 Gy = 0.64 cc and V18Gy Conclusion Optimized imaging protocol in RT treatment position allows high precision registration with planning CT scan for a better delineation of target volume and organs at risk. All dose planning simulations fulfilled [1] , [2] , [3] the international recommendations. Download : Download high-res image (342KB) Download : Download full-size image

Compatibility Study of Viton, NBR 70 and EPDM O-rings with Selected Solvents

The major part of O-rings is caoutchouc, which is not resistant to several solvents, acids, oils, or bases, and this can cause structural deviations in sealing. The present work shows a compatibility study of O-rings to solvents at laboratory scale. The tested O-rings are the following ones: Viton, NBR 70 and EPDM, and the applied solvents are levulinic acid (LA), formic acid (FA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), lactic acid (LAA), gamma-valerolactone (GVL) and acetonitrile (AC). Based on the measured geometric parameters of O-rings and the weight increments obtained in different solvents, we set up a compatibility table from which we can suggest the proper O-ring for a given solvent or vice versa: which type of O-ring is compatible with which solvent. This work offers a supplementary table to the O-ring handbook, which can contribute to proper selection of O-ring and solvent pairs in the future.

Retrograde femoral nailing of periprosthetic fractures around total knee replacements

IntroductionThe incidence of primary total knee replacement (TKR) is increasing with a resultant rise in those patients sustaining distal femoral periprosthetic fractures around TKRs. The management of these fractures pose a significant challenge. The compatibility of retrograde femoral intramedullary (IM) nails with femoral TKR components needs to be considered preoperatively when this complex pathology is addressed. The aim of this study was to update the literature and assess the compatibility of the most commonly used primary TKR prostheses and retrograde femoral IM nails using a Sawbone anatomical model. Methods and materialsEight of the most commonly used primary TKR prostheses and four of the most commonly used retrograde femoral IM nails were identified. The femoral components of the TKRs were implanted onto left sided femoral Sawbones using the manufacturer's guides and cutting blocks and positioned appropriately. The retrograde IM nails were inserted using the conventional entry point and a nail was deemed compatible if this was possible through the femoral prosthesis. Details of whether a posterior entry point was required to allow insertion, whether the femoral nail was scratched by the femoral TKR prosthesis on insertion and whether excess force was required to insert the retrograde femoral IM nail were recorded. ResultsThe Biomet AGC Cruciate Retaining (CR) and Posterior Stabilised (PS) TKR were the only prostheses that were compatible with all the nails used. The other TKR prostheses were not compatible because of the force required to gain entry, scratching of the retrograde femoral IM nail or because a posterior entry point was required to gain entry through the intercondylar notch. ConclusionThe majority of standard sized retrograde femoral nails are technically feasible for insertion through most femoral TKR components but this study has found that they are not compatible due to excessive force required for insertion, damage to the nail during insertion or the risk of anterior cortex perforation. Further studies are required to update the compatibility table and cadaveric studies would confirm the findings and allow further mechanical testing.

A Comprehensive Approach for Embodiment of Security Activities with Agile Methodologies

among the software is seeking importance during the development phase, as it promotes adaptive planning, incremental and evolutionary development with many other features that are lightweight in nature. Security is one of the major issues in today's highly agile software development industry. More emphasize is on to produce a secure software, so as to minimize the amount of risk and damage caused by the software. Developing secure software with high agile characteristics is always a hard task to do because of heavy weight nature of security activities. This paper proposes a novel approach by which security activities can be integrated with agile activities by calculating the mean agility value of both activities i.e. agile as well as security keeping in mind the factors such as cost, time, recurrence, benefits affecting the agility of the activity. By using fuzzy value compatibility table (FVCT), extend of compatibility of embodiment of both the activities is done with fuzzy values. In this paper, the proposed noble approach for the embodiment the security activity in agile method by calculating the mean agility value (MAV) i.e. compatibility level for the security activities as well as agile activities with various agile characteristics and also the various other factors such as time, cost, benefits and recurrence that affect the embodiment are considered. Moreover, the use of Fuzzy Value Compatibility Table (FVCT) which uses fuzzy value that shows extend to which a security activity can be embodiment into agile activity. In the last this paper proposed an algorithm for the efficient embodiment of security activities with the agile methodology's agile activities.

Symmetry analysis of the interplay between local moment anisotropies and propagation vectors in the borocarbides

Representational analysis is used to examine the interplay between Fermi surface nesting and local moment effects in the formation of the magnetically ordered states of the rare-earth nickel borocarbides, RNi2B2C. We derive compatibility tables for the propagation wavevector k, the local moment anisotropy and the ordered moment direction μ k for materials with this tetragonal crystal structure. The magnetic structures observed in the rare-earth nickel borocarbides are discussed in this context.

Assessment, Management, and Minimization

Regulations and public attitudes remain a focus of hazardous waste management. McManus (1996) presented the voluntary, external environmental audit as a useful method for managing risk and keeping up with regulations. Partnerships among envi ronmental organizations and businesses were evaluated by Wal ton (1996). He emphasized that regulations focus on paper compliance instead of real performance and that a market-driven paradigm is required to integrate environment and business, which relies on economic incentives. Niemeyer (1996) conducted a survey to profile Nebraskans' attitudes to ward household hazardous-waste-management practices. She found that the majority reported that they had no community household hazardous-waste-collection programs, and many re ported they were disposing of household hazardous waste in potentially harmful ways, such as pouring on the ground, down the drain, or burning. James et al (1996) discussed an economic risk-cost-benefit analysis in hazardous waste management using a specific case study and stressed the usefulness of such analyses even in the absence of quality data. Databases, software, and surveys have provided important information for hazardous waste management personnel. Clarke et al (1996) developed a database that includes nearly 2 000 values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concen trations and toxicity equivalencies for fish in the U.S. and inter national waterways. They found that there are quantifiable amounts of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and poly chlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) for fish in waterways throughout the world and in the U.S., regardless of habitat and feeding habits. Currently available process simulator software packages were reviewed by Hilaly and Sikdar (1996), who con cluded that the simulation packages currently available need to be augmented with pollution-prevention models. Cailas et al (1996) proposed an indicator of solid waste generation potential (SWGP), based on socioeconomic variables, as a means of as sisting in the development of integrated solid waste manage ment plans. The use of geographic information systems (GISs) to depict the spatial distribution of the SWGP will help planners visualize the expected overall refuse generation pattern and identify critical regions. McCaulon et al (1996) reviewed the literature to develop a chemical compatibility table for 73 chemicals and 28 commonly used sampling well materials. Common compatibility problems were discussed. A screening model was presented by Spriggs and Smith (1996) for the selection of alternative technologies for solving environmental problems. The screening model can be applied quickly and is compatible with the more rigorous models in detailed environmental assessments. Elemental solu bility limits have extremely large ranges; therefore, the recom mendation of a set of procedures was presented by McKinley and Savage (1996) that would aid in the comparison of solubility databases for hazardous waste site and facility assessments. Peer reviews involving cross-comparison between different solubil ity studies and fully traceable and reproducible database selec tions were considered important components.

Compatibility of NAPLs and Other Organic Compounds with Materials Used in Well Construction, Sampling, and Remediation

AbstractStructural integrity of well construction, sampling, and remediation materials may be compromised at many hazardous sites by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) and their dissolved constituents. A literature review of compatibility theory and qualitative field experiences are provided regarding the degradation and corrosion of materials in contact with NAPLs and organic compounds. A chemical compatibility table, compiled from several sources of compatibility testing results, is presented for 73 chemicals and 28 commonly used materials. Field experiences illustrate the compatibility problems of some of the common wastes and materials found at hazardous waste sites.

Partial shape recognition: a landmark-based approach

A method of recognizing partially occluded objects is presented in which each object is represented by a set of landmarks. Given a scene consisting of partially occluded objects, a model object in the scene is hypothesized by matching the landmarks of the model with those in the scene. A measure of similarity between two landmarks is needed to perform this matching. A local shape measure, sphericity, is introduced. It is shown that any invariant function under a similarity transformation is a function of the sphericity. To match landmarks between the model and the scene, a table of compatibility is constructed. A technique, known as hopping dynamic programming, is described to guide the landmark matching through the compatibility table. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least-squares fit among the matched landmarks. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if the model is in the scene. >

Identification of maximal common substructures in structure/activity studies

A new approach is described for the identification of the two-dimensional maximum common substructure (MCS) in studies of structure/activity relationships. The structures of compounds are converted to superatom trees by division into three categories: ring systems, functional groups and chains. The MCS can be identified more efficiently by comparison of such trees than by the usual comparison at the atom/bond level, because there are fewer nodes. The algorithm used is based on a compatibility table.

State identification, existence of sequences and machine classification

An essential part of fault analysis of sequential circuits is the identification of their initial or final state by use of synchronizing, homing and distinguishing sequences. Algorithms are developed for deciding the existence of these sequences. They make use of the well-known compatibility table technique universally employed for the minimization of state sets. The technique is then expanded to permit the classification of machines based on these three sequences. It unifies the various known graph theoretical methods and presents new insights into the structure theory of finite state machines.

Compatibility of intravenous drugs in a coronary intensive care unit.

In a coronary intensive care unit (CCU) it is often necessary to utilize extensive pharmacologic interventions and multiple intravenous medications in order to stabilize a critically ill patient. However, the necessity of several intravenous infusions often presents the problem of compatibility of these medications when infused within a common line. The pharmacist must possess adequate skill to identify potential incompatibilities by retrieving information on the physical and chemical compatibilities of various intravenous medications. In a critical care setting, time is an important factor, and information that can be obtained rapidly and reliably is vital for the pharmacist to prevent the administration of an irritating substance or a medication that has undergone deterioration as a result of chemical inactivation. A compatibility table containing the most commonly used drugs in a CCU has been developed based on currently available literature, including standard reference texts, about these medications. The table outlines the potential for interactions, within a single intravenous line, when several drugs are infused concurrently. In addition, a review of the concepts of physical and chemical incompatibility is presented. The stability of an admixture is defined utilizing requirements established in the USP NF monographs and manufacturers' specifications. The resulting table concisely organizes vital information in a form that allows rapid, accessible information to the pharmacist in a critical care setting, where it is most needed.

Information System for Building Products

In a building process that enables a proper flow of product information among the “Users of Information” (Agents), a “Product Information System” is proposed. The system established in connection with a set of criteria involves five subsystems (Thesaurus, Summarized Data, Manufacturers, Compatibility Tables, and Detailed Data) linked with each other. Agents looking for product information can enter the system through the subsystems Thesaurus or Manufacturers, and they can decide on the choice of appropriate products at the first stage (Summarized Data), whereby they can find access to the subsystem Detailed Data afterwards for the detailed information needed. The complete code presents a medium for a common language among the users of product information.

Study of the Single and Double Groups CS and SS and Properties of Their Two Isomorphisms

AbstractThe C8 group is isomorphic to the S8 group, so with the inversion isomorphism for these double groups, the character table, the multiplication table, and the full rotation group compatibility table are established. Another isomorphism, Tisza's isomorphism, is defined. The study of the properties in the two isomorphisms shows the main advantages of the inversion isomorphism. Finally for groups having the Sn operation (n = 5, 8, 10 and 12) the correspondence between improper and inverse rotations is given and for a doubly degenerate species (with J = 1) the character value is calculated which is irrational.

Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for the corepresentations of Shubnikov point groups. III. Groups of tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic crystal systems

For pt.II see ibid., vol.14, no.7, p.1543-56 (1981). The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for single- and double-valued corepresentations for even and odd bases of 44 anti-unitary Shubnikov (magnetic) point groups of tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic (crystal) systems have been calculated. Basis functions, multiplication tables and compatibility tables are presented. A method based on the Racah lemma has been applied. The coefficients can be applied in crystal field theory and solid state spectroscopy (selection rules, Wigner-Eckart theorem, etc.).

Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for the corepresentations of Shubnikov point groups. IV. Groups of hexagonal and trigonal systems

For pt.III see ibid., vol.15, no.3, p.711-24 (1982). The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for single- and double-valued corepresentations for even and odd basis functions of 35 anti-unitary Shubnikov (magnetic) point groups of hexagonal and trigonal systems have been calculated. Basis functions, multiplication tables and compatibility tables are also presented. A method based on the Racah lemma has been applied. The coefficients are necessary in solving problems of crystal field theory and solid state spectroscopy (selection rules, Wigner-Eckart theorem, etc.).