Compatibility Relations Research Articles

DAP-MAC: A delay-aware probability-based MAC protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

The long propagation delay of underwater acoustic communications has made traditional handshaking-based medium access control (MAC) protocols inefficient for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). We envision that this unique feature, although often taken as negative, can be leveraged to improve the parallelism between multiple senders, i.e., transmitting data simultaneously so as to achieve higher channel utilization. In this paper, we propose a novel Delay-Aware Probability-based MAC protocol, DAP-MAC, which eliminates the handshaking process and utilizes concurrent transmissions to significantly improve the network throughput. Compatibility relation among senders based on their distances to the common receiver is derived at run-time. A utility-optimization framework uses this compatibility relation to determine the best transmission strategies for senders. Our extensive simulations demonstrate that DAP-MAC achieves better system throughput than the existing representative underwater MAC protocols.

Mejorando un método de balanceo de rotores acoplados directamente a un motor de inducción utilizando la corriente residual

An efficient method for single-plane rotor balancing which requires some components of the electric signal spectrum from each phase of the electric motor to which it is directly coupled is developed. The signal readings, which are scalar quantities that reflect residual complex values (offset with magnitude and phase) when there is no imbalance, produce a nonlinear behavior of the data with respect to the unbalanced forces. This requires an algorithm to determine, based on readings of residual values for the balanced condition, and the imbalanced rotor, the complex values that directly relate to the imbalance. The signal errors that are present in the readings, more pronounced in these Hall-type sensors, are decreased by means of a system of equations of perturbations and compatibility relations that are applied to these data. This algorithm was verified by running several study cases, with the same order of precision of the traditional balance method that uses vibration data. The alternative approach presented in this paper may offer an advantage in recording and monitoring of the rotor imbalance

Combinatorial structure of -semiprimitive matrix families

Protasov's Theorem on the combinatorial structure of -primitive families of non-negative matrices is generalized to -semiprimitive matrix families. The main tool is the binary relation of colour compatibility on the vertices of the coloured graph of the matrix family. Bibliography: 14 titles.

CONSUMERS’ INTENTION TO SWITCH FROM PRINTED BOOK TO E-BOOK IN SURABAYA

The objective of this research is to know the factors that drives consumer to changes their reading behaviour from printed books to e-book using the switching behaviour theory. There are 5 variables that were used in this research, and those variables are new product attributes, social influences, price, switching cost, and intention to switch. This research finds that compatibility, convenience and switching cost have a significant impact on intention to switch, as well as the moderating effect of low switching cost between the relation of compatibility and social influences with intention to switch.

Multi-cluster complexes

We present a family of simplicial complexes called \emphmulti-cluster complexes. These complexes generalize the concept of cluster complexes, and extend the notion of multi-associahedra of types ${A}$ and ${B}$ to general finite Coxeter groups. We study combinatorial and geometric properties of these objects and, in particular, provide a simple combinatorial description of the compatibility relation among the set of almost positive roots in the cluster complex.

Meta-operation conflict resolution for human–human interaction in collaborative feature-based CAD systems

Conflicts resolution is one of the key issues in maintaining consistency and in supporting smooth human---human interaction for real-time collaborative systems. This paper presents a novel approach of meta-operation conflict resolution for feature-based collaborative CAD system. Although commutative replicated data type (CRDT) is an emerging technique for conflict resolution, it is not capable of resolving conflicts among meta operations for 3D CAD systems. By defining 3 types of meta operations, this work extends CRDT capability to meta operation conflict resolution from 1D to 3D applications. The paper defines the dependency, casuality, conflict and compatible relations specific for 3D collaborative CAD systems. The conflicts of feature-based operations are automatically detected by tracking topological entity changes with the assistance of a persistent data structure, topological entity structure tree ($$TES\_Tree$$TES_Tree). An efficient commutativity-based confliction combination method is proposed to preserve the design intention of each user in a transparent way and maintains the eventual consistent state of the system. The proposed methods are tested in a prototype system with case studies, time complexity analysis and correctness proof.

Deformation stages of technical aluminum at reverse

Durability and reliability of machines and mechanisms are determined, mainly, by their fatigue resistance as far as, in the most cases, variable load impacts on machine components. Accordingly, the problem of fatigue failure is extremely topical, still. Its complexity is connected with a wide range of factors. First of all, at cyclic load the compatibility relations of a material surface layer, which is loaded over the yield point and the elastic-loaded substrate layer, play a very important role. This fact determines involvement into plastic flow and failure of all the scale hierarchy of deformation structural levels. Reverse loading under the condition of the elastic-loaded substrate layer causes strong localization of plastic deformation in the surface layers. In the deformation localization areas the material reaches its limit state, when fatigue cracks arise and expand. The paper presents the mechanisms of fatigue deformation for technical aluminum at various fatigue stages.

Compatibility and Conjugacy on Partial Arrays

Research in combinatorics on words goes back a century. Berstel and Boasson introduced the partial words in the context of gene comparison. Alignment of two genes can be viewed as a construction of two partial words that are said to be compatible. In this paper, we examine to which extent the fundamental properties of partial words such as compatbility and conjugacy remain true for partial arrays. This paper studies a relaxation of the compatibility relation called k-compability. It also studies k-conjugacy of partial arrays.

Re-Ranking Retrieval Model Based on Two-Level Similarity Relation Matrices

Web-based specialized retrieval systems for scientific fields extremely restrict the expression for user's information requests. Therefore the process of information content analysis and that of the information acquisition become inconsistent. In this paper, we apply the fuzzy retrieval model to solve the high time complexity of the retrieval system by constructing a reduced term set for the term's relatively important degree. We also perform a cluster retrieval to reflect the user's query exactly through the similarity relation matrix satisfying the characteristics of the fuzzy compatibility relation. This paper proves the performance of a proposed re-ranking model based on the union of similarity of the fuzzy retrieval model and the document cluster retrieval model.

Transfer of an implied incompatible spatial mapping to a Simon task

When location words left and right are presented in left and right locations and mapped to left and right keypress responses in the Hedge and Marsh (1975) task (Arend & Wandmacher, 1987), a compatible mapping of words to responses yields a benefit for stimulus–response location correspondence (sometimes called the Simon effect), whereas an incompatible mapping yields a benefit for noncorrespondence (called the Hedge and Marsh reversal). Experiment 1 replicated the correspondence benefit and its reversal by using Chinese location words 左 (left) and 右 (right) in the Hedge and Marsh task. Experiments 2 and 3 examined whether the tendency to respond with the noncorresponding response when the mapping is incompatible transfers to the task version in which the mapping is compatible, and Experiment 4 examined whether transfer similarly occurs from the compatible mapping to the task version with incompatible mapping. Transfer of the incompatible relation was apparent in a lack of correspondence benefit when the mapping was changed to compatible, but transfer of the compatible relation to the incompatible mapping did not occur. The results suggest that an association between noncorresponding stimulus–response locations is acquired when the word–response mapping is incompatible, even though this relation is only implicit, regardless of whether through misapplication of a logical recoding rule or spatial representations shared by the locations and words. These associations then continue to affect processing of location when the mapping is compatible.

Thermoelastic and creep analysis of a functionally graded rotating cylindrical vessel with internal heat generation

In this paper we propose exact thermoelastic stress, and iterative creep solutions for a non-uniformly heat generating and rotating cylindrical vessel made of functionally graded thermal and mechanical properties. Equations of equilibrium, compatibility, stress-strain, and strain-displacement relations are solved to obtain closed-form initial stress and strain solutions. It is found that material gradient indices have significant influences on thermoelastic stress profiles. For creep analysis, Norton’s model is incorporated into rate forms of the above-mentioned equations to obtain time-dependent stress and strain results using an iterative method. Validity of our solutions are at first verified using finite element analysis, and numerical results found in the recent literature are improved. Investigation of effects of material gradients reveals that radial variation of density and creep coefficient have significant effects on strains histories, while Young’s modulus and thermal property distributions only influence stress redistribution at an early stage of creep deformation.

Design of Optimal Scan Tree Based on Compact Test Patterns for Test Time Reduction

Scan tree architecture has been proposed to reduce the test application time of full scan chain by placing multiple scan cells in parallel. Most existing techniques rely on non-compact test pattern sets to construct the scan tree. However, they produce inefficient scan tree when highly compact test sets with few don't cares are used. In this paper, the depth of the scan tree based on approximate compatibility relation for completely specified test data set is analyzed probabilistically by modeling its construction as a vertex coloring problem. The upper bound of edges-per-vertex is computed and demonstrated to be a prime factor that limits the efficiency of scan tree construction based on both compatible and approximately compatible test data between two flip-flops. Inverse compatibility and aggressive approximate compatibility are then proposed to increase the edges-per-vertex for vertex coloring. The Q′-SD connection between two adjacent scan cells is exploited to implement the inverse compatibility with no cost or timing impact. To maintain the fault coverage, the missing faults under the tree scan mode can be detected by switching the same base architecture into the linear scan mode with negligible hardware overhead as shown by the experimental results on ISCAS89, ISCAS99 and LGSynth93 benchmark circuits. On average, the scan tree generated by our method reduces the test time of the full scan chain by 56.65 percent, and that of the scan tree designed by the approximate compatibility method by 39.18 percent under the same compact test sets.

Realization problems for limit cycles of planar polynomial vector fields

We show that for any finite configuration of closed curves Γ⊂R2, one can construct an explicit planar polynomial vector field that realizes Γ, up to homeomorphism, as the set of its limit cycles with prescribed periods, multiplicities and stabilities. The only obstruction given on this data is the obvious compatibility relation between the stabilities and the parity of the multiplicities. The constructed vector fields are Darboux integrable and admit a polynomial inverse integrating factor.

Detection-Free Multiobject Tracking by Reconfigurable Inference With Bundle Representations.

This paper presents a conceptually simple but effective approach to track multiobject in videos without requiring elaborate supervision (i.e., training object detectors or templates offline). Our framework performs a bi-layer inference of spatio-temporal grouping to exploit rich appearance and motion information in the observed sequence. First, we generate a robust middle-level video representation based on clustered point tracks, namely video bundles. Each bundle encapsulates a chunk of point tracks satisfying both spatial proximity and temporal coherency. Taking the video bundles as vertices, we build a spatio-temporal graph that incorporates both competitive and compatible relations among vertices. The multiobject tracking can be then phrased as a graph partition problem under the Bayesian framework, and we solve it by developing a reconfigurable belief propagation (BP) algorithm. This algorithm improves the traditional BP method by allowing a converged solution to be reconfigured during optimization, so that the inference can be reactivated once it gets stuck in local minima and thus conduct more reliable results. In the experiments, we demonstrate the superior performances of our approach on the challenging benchmarks compared with other state-of-the-art methods.

Reductions and extensions in mesoscopic dynamics.

Reduction of a mesoscopic level to a level with fewer details is made by the time evolution during which the entropy increases. An extension of a mesoscopic level is a construction of a level with more details. In particular, we discuss extensions in which extra state variables are found in the vector fields appearing on the level that we want to extend. Reductions, extensions, and compatibility relations among them are formulated first in an abstract setting and then illustrated in specific mesoscopic theories.

Solution strategy for non‐linear finite element analyses of large reinforced concrete structures

AbstractWhen performing non‐linear finite element analyses during the design of large reinforced concrete structures, there is a need for a general, robust and stable solution strategy with a low modelling uncertainty which comprises choices regarding force equilibrium, kinematic compatibility and constitutive relations. In this paper, analyses of experiments with a range of structural forms, loading conditions, failure modes and concrete strengths show that an engineering solution strategy is able to produce results with good accuracy and low modelling uncertainty. The advice is to shift the attention from a detailed description of the post‐cracking behaviour of concrete to a rational description of the pre‐cracking compressive behaviour for cases where large elements are used and the ultimate limit capacity is sought.

Wave gradiometry and its link with Helmholtz equation solutions applied to USArray in the eastern U.S.

AbstractWave gradiometry is an array processing technique utilizing the shape of seismic wavefields captured by USArray TA stations to determine fundamental wave propagation characteristics. We first explore a compatibility relation that links the displacement spatial gradients to seismogram displacements and velocities through two unknown coefficients, and . These coefficients are solved for through iterative, damped least squares inversion to provide estimates of phase velocity, back azimuth, radiation pattern, and geometrical spreading. We show that the coefficient corresponds to the gradient of logarithmic amplitude, and the coefficient corresponds approximately to the local wave slowness. and vector fields are interpolated to explore a second compatibility relation through solutions to the Helmholtz equation. For most wavefields passing through the eastern U.S., we show that the coefficients are generally orthogonal to the coefficients. Where they are not completely orthogonal, there is a strong positive correlation between and changes in geometrical spreading, which can be further linked with areas of strong energy focusing and defocusing. We finally obtain isotropic Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps for 15 periods between 20 and 150 s, by stacking results from 37 earthquakes, which show a velocity change along the approximate boundary of the early Paleozoic continental margin. We also observe two low‐velocity anomalies, one centered over the central Appalachians where Eocene basaltic volcanism has occurred and the other within the northeastern U.S., possibly associated with the Great Meteor Hotspot track.

A Numerical Method to Material and Geometric Nonlinear Analysis of Cable Structures

In this article, a numerical method is presented for computing the stiffness matrix and compatibility relations of cables under uniform distributed loads on any direction. Both the geometrical and material nonlinearities, including softening and yielding of material, are taken into account and the catenary cable element with gauss integration scheme is employed. The proposed formulation includes the effect of uniform distributed loads on any direction and 3D nodal forces to assess the geometric and possible material nonlinearity of cables. The derived equations are then applied to the analysis of cable structures. The accuracy of the responses obtained by the proposed method is evaluated by several benchmark solutions available in the literature. Results of numerical examples indicate the capability of the proposed stiffness matrix in prediction of the elastic and inelastic responses of cables. The proposed formulation is therefore recommended for cable elements to be used in the analysis of cable structures.

A fuzzy document clustering approach based on domain-specified ontology

Document clustering techniques include automatic document organization, topic extraction, fast information retrieval or filtering, etc. Numerous methods have been developed for document clustering research. Despite the advances achieved, however, document clustering still presents certain challenges such as optimizing feature selection for low-dimensional document representation and incorporating mutual information between the documents into a clustering algorithm. This paper mainly focuses on these two questions. First, we construct a domain-specific ontology that provides the controlled vocabulary describing the hazards related to dairy products. Synonyms of the controlled vocabulary in document set are considered to be relatively prevalent and fundamentally important for feature selection. Second, in combination with the vector space model (VSM), we perform singular value decomposition (SVD) to translate all of the term-document vectors into a concept space. We then obtain the mutual information between documents by calculating the similarity of every two document vectors in the orthogonal matrix of right singular vectors. As the mutual information matrix is also a fuzzy compatible relation, a fuzzy equivalence can be derived by calculating max–min transitive closure. Finally, based on the fuzzy equivalence relation, all of the data sequences are easily allocated into clusters under the guidance of a cluster validation index. Our method both reduces the dimensionality of the original data and considers the correlation between the terms. The experimental results show that encoding the ontologies in the aggregation process could provide better clustering results. Moreover, the proposed work has been applied to food safety supervision which is beneficial for government and society.

Counting relations on Ockham algebras

We find all finite Ockham algebras that admit only finitely many compatible relations (modulo a natural equivalence). Up to isomorphism and symmetry, these Ockham algebras form two countably infinite families: one family consists of the quasi-primal Ockham algebras, and the other family is a sequence of generalised Stone algebras.