Comparison Of Personality Traits Research Articles

Adolescents' personhood and the effects of their institutionalization

This paper aims to make a comparison of personality disorders in adolescents in residential care versus adolescents raised in natural families. The aim is to identify differences in personality traits and personal autonomy between adolescents living in residential care and those living in natural families, and to compare personality traits between the two groups, including by gender and age.

Comparison of Personality Traits, Mental Health, and Sensation Seeking between Adolescents with Substance-Dependent and Normal Parents

Comparison of Personality Traits, Mental Health, and Sensation Seeking between Adolescents with Substance-Dependent and Normal Parents

Profiling health professionals’ personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review

BackgroundNon-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions.MethodsEmpirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible.ResultsThree hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores.ConclusionPersonality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.

Comparison of personality traits among medalist and non-medalist handball players

The main purpose of the study was to compare the personality traits among medalist and non-medalist handball players of Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior& Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, College of Physical Education and Pune. For this study total 30 National level handball players of 18-25 years were selected respectively from Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior & Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), College of Physical Education, Pune. Researcher applied the famous Big Five Personality Traits to collect data from the subject’s i.e. Extroversion, agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. The result revealed that there is no significant difference in extroversion. The result also shows that there is significant difference found in agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness.

Personality profiles and engagement with the augmented reality game Pokémon GO: a cross-sectional study

Background: Since its release in 2016, Pokémon GO™ has achieved not only extensive popularity but has also accrued evidence that it helps to increase physical activity and sense of belonging. Personality traits may explain a differential engagement and fidelity with the game, hence potentially allowing for prediction of different patterns of game engagement as well as its health benefits. Our objective was to compare personality traits between Pokémon GO game players and non-players. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in participants aged 18+ years through an online survey. The following categories of game engagement were defined: active players, occasional players, former players, and never players. Personality was measured with the NEO-FFI inventory that evaluates personality across five domains: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. ANOVA and MANOVA models were performed to test differences in personality traits’ scores. Multivariate regression models were also used to describe specific differences across groups of game engagement. Results: Data from 654 participants, average 28.6 years of age, 75% male, were included in the study. In the ANOVA analysis, we observed differences between the three players' subgroups in openness (p=0.015) and conscientiousness (p=0.032). In MANOVA and multivariate regression analyses, we found that active players presented higher scores in openness and agreeableness, but lower scores in conscientiousness compared to former or non-players. Conclusions: We found evidence that people that actively play Pokémon GO are more likely to be friendlier and more open to new experiences, but also scored less on conscientiousness which is related to discipline. This gives us better insight on how personality may help identification of people and their involvement with activities that demand fulfillment of tasks. These findings could help inform the engagement with health-related behaviors, including physical activity and medication adherence.

How to behave when marooned: the behavioural component of the island syndrome remains underexplored.

Animals on islands typically depart from their mainland relatives in assorted aspects of their biology. Because they seem to occur in concert, and to some extent evolve convergently in disparate taxa, these changes are referred to as the ‘island syndrome’. While morphological, physiological and life-history components of the island syndrome have received considerable attention, much less is known about how insularity affects behaviour. In this paper, we argue why changes in personality traits and cognitive abilities can be expected to form part of the island syndrome. We provide an overview of studies that have compared personality traits and cognitive abilities between island and mainland populations, or among islands. Overall, the pickings are remarkably slim. There is evidence that animals on islands tend to be bolder than on the mainland, but effects on other personality traits go either way. The evidence for effects of insularity on cognitive abilities or style is highly circumstantial and very mixed. Finally, we consider the ecological drivers that may induce such changes, and the mechanisms through which they might occur. We conclude that our knowledge of the behavioural and cognitive responses to island environments remains limited, and we encourage behavioural biologists to make more use of these ‘natural laboratories for evolution’.

Comparison of Personality Traits and Executive Functions (Inhibition and Decision) in Successful and Unsuccessful Drug Users in Quitting Addiction

Comparison of Personality Traits and Executive Functions (Inhibition and Decision) in Successful and Unsuccessful Drug Users in Quitting Addiction

The impact of personality traits on clinical practice

Background. In terms of personality, medical challenges consist in a wide spectrum of interindividual differences which impose a high level of creativity in order to face and overpass these daily challenges. Thus, clinical communication was proven to be strongly related to creativity. Aim. The aim of this study was to compare personality traits in both medical students and young residents. Material and methods. We performed a correlational, cross-sectional study on residents and students from clinical years (years IV to VI) of “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu Mures between July 2021 and December 2021, who agreed to answer both BWAS and DECAS scales in order to assess their creativity and personality traits. Results. In terms of residents, we found a significant positive correlation between Openness and Extraversion (r = 0.6742, p < 0.0001), a negative correlation between Openness and Agreeability (r = -0.4601, p = 0.0138), a negative correlation with Agreeability (r = -0.4088, p = 0.0308) and a significant positive correlation between Conscientiousness and BWAS revised Scale (r = 0.4192, p = 0.0264). Contrariwise, we observed a negative significant correlation between Agreeability and Creativity since we found negative correlations between Agreeability and both BWAS Original Scale (r = -0.4132, p = 0.0289), and BWAS Revised Scale (r = -0.4637, p = 0.0129). For the students from the clinical years we observed a significant negative correlation with both Conscientiousness (r = -0.2681, p=0.0401) and Agreeability (r = -0.3883, p=0.0024) in term of Extraversion, a negative correlation with Extraversion (r = -0.2681, p=0.0401) and a significant positive correlation between Openness and BWAS revised Scale (r = 0.2803, p = 0.0315). We found a significant difference for BWAS original scale, p < 0.0001 and for BWAS revised scale, p < 0.0001, and extraversion, p = 0.0130, suggesting that students express a higher creativity level when compared to residents. Conclusions. Personality traits and communication skills in health-care providers represent two mandatory conditions for an effective doctor-patient relationship. Our study revealed a higher BWAS scores in students suggesting that students have a higher creativity level when compared to residents. In addition, our study suggests that residents with increased Openness might associate a higher level of Extraversion and a lower level of Agreeability. We also noticed that students with an increased level of Openness seem to be more creative.

Comparison of personality traits and attachment style and high-risk behavior in normal adolescents with conduct disorder

هدف: پژوهش حاضر، مقایسه ویژگی ­های شخصیتی، سبک­ دلبستگی و رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان دارای اختلال سلوک و عادی بود. روش: مطالعه توصیفی از نوع پس­رویدادی و جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل تمام نوجوانان پسر دارای اختلال سلوک و عادی در کانون اصلاح و تربیت شهر قم در نیمه دوم سال 1399 بود، که از میان آن ها 70 نفر(35 نفر نوجوان اختلال سلوک و 35 نفر نوجوان عادی) با روش نمونه­‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. در مطالعه حاضر داده ها از طریق پرسشنامه ویژگی‌های شخصیتی فرم کوتاه 60 سوالی(NEO-FFI)، پرسشنامه سبک های­‌دلبستگی 18ماده‌­ای کولینز و رید (1990) و پرسشنامه رفتارهای پرخطر 11سؤالی شجاعی باغینی (1387) جمع‌­آوری و با استفاده از واریانس آزمون تحلیل چند متغیره و آزمون تی­دو نمونه ای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت و به وسیله نسخه 24 نرم افزار SPSS انجام گردید.یافته‌­ها: نتایج نشان داد که از منابع با استفاده از فن آماری تحلیل واریانس چند متغیرنشان می دهد که 5مولفه ویژگی­ شخصیتی در نوجوانان سلوک و عادی با یکدیگر متفاوت است؛ دست کم در مولفة دلبستگی‌­ناایمن بین دو گروه تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. و همچنین نتایج تحلیل آزمون تی­زوجی نشان داد که در شرایط پیش‌­فرض برابری واریانس­‌ها در نوجوانان دارای اختلال سلوک و عادی در متغیر رفتارهای پرخطر تفاوت معناداری با یکدیگر دارند­. نتیجه گیری: بر این اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر را می­توان در افراد دارای اختلال سلوک و بزهکاران به کار برد و به کاهش بروز رفتارهای پر خطر در آنان کمک کرد.

The prognostic utility of personality traits versus past psychiatric diagnoses: Predicting future mental health and functioning.

Past psychiatric diagnoses are central to patient case formulation and prognosis. Recently, alternative classification models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) proposed to assess traits to predict clinically-relevant outcomes. The current study directly compared personality traits and past diagnoses as predictors of future mental health and functioning in three independent, prospective samples. Regression analyses found that personality traits significantly predicted future first onsets of psychiatric disorders (ΔR2=06-.15), symptom chronicity (ΔR2=.03-.06), and functioning (ΔR2=.02-.07), beyond past and current psychiatric diagnoses. Conversely, past psychiatric diagnoses did not provide an incremental prediction of outcomes when personality traits and other concurrent predictors were already included in the model. Overall, personality traits predicted a variety of outcomes in diverse settings, beyond diagnoses. Past diagnoses were generally not informative about future outcomes when personality was considered. Together, these findings support the added value of personality traits assessment in case formulation, consistent with HiTOP model.

Favorable Personality Traits in Women Who Have Undergone Cosmetic Breast Augmentation Surgery.

Breast augmentation surgery is one of the most common cosmetic procedures among women. In the present study, we compared personality traits, self-esteem, and body perception between women who had undergone breast augmentation surgery and a control group of women who had not. We hypothesized that the personality traits of women who had vs those who had not undergone breast augmentation surgery would differ. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients who had undergone breast augmentation surgery and age- and education-matched, healthy women were included in the present study. The breast augmentation group and control group were compared in terms of personality traits under the Basic Personality Traits Inventory. Additionally, self-esteem, which was assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and body perception, which was evaluated using the Body Cathexis Scale, were measured and compared between the two groups. When the patients (n = 80) and the control group (n = 100) were compared, the Body Cathexis Scale, extroversion, and openness scores were statistically significant and were found to be higher in the breast augmentation group (p<0.05). In regression analysis, it was found that age, openness, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale score had statistically significant effects on extroversion. We argue that there may be a presupposition, based on stigma, that women who undergo breast augmentation surgery are more neurotic than those who do not. Consequently, this may influence the outcomes of studies evaluating the personalities of these women. Our results indicate that women who had undergone breast augmentation had more positive personality traits than women in an un-operated control group.

A Comparative Study on Personality Traits Based on High and Low Level of Resilience of High School Female Students

Aims: The Purpose of the current study was to compare personality traits of high school female students based on their Resilience level..&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Government Girls Senior Secondary School No1 JJColony Bawana, Delhi, India, on 3rd Feb 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: This is a comparative study with a quantitative research design involving 85 (eighty-five) female students, age ranges between 16-18 years (mean age 17.43 years) studying in class XII (humanities stream), from Sec- A, B and C from Government Girls Senior Secondary School No. 1 JJColony Bawana, Delhi were randomly selected as a sample of research. Every odd roll no student (Roll no. 1,3,5,7…) from Sec- A, B and C from GGSSS No. 1 JJC Bawana, Delhi were randomly selected as a sample of research. The standardized questionnaires of the Big Five Personality Test and Ego Resilience Scale were used as the tool of the study. The data was collected using both the questionnaires and interpreted using an Independent sample t-test at a significance level p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results: All 85 high school female students filled both of the questionnaires and in accordance with the findings of the analysis it was established that the average scores of resilient students in the extroversion (t (83)= 6.28, P=.00), openness to experience (t(83)=8.54, P=.00), agreeableness (t(83)=10.48, P=.00) and conscientiousness (t(83)=11.34, P=.00) were higher than non-resilient students. Just the mean scores of resilient students in neuroticism (t(83)= -6.71, P=.00) were lower than the mean scores of non-resilient students. &#x0D; Conclusion: It is evident from the results that students with high Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience personality traits have higher resilience which helps them to recover from any obstacle and support them to approach new circumstances, people, or experiences with a positive mindset and confidence which ultimately will help them succeed.

A systematic literature review on personality traits in social entrepreneurship

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic literature review on personality trait research in social entrepreneurship, clarify the prevailing research categories and research themes, and suggest potential future research directions. The review process follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 60 publications in the research topic from Web of Science and Scopus were analyzed. This study identifies four main categories in studies of personality traits in social entrepreneurship: ‘comparison of personality traits,’ ‘description of personality traits of social entrepreneurs,’ ‘personality traits and social entrepreneurial intention,’ and ‘personality traits and other factors.’ In addition, the themes in each category are also determined and several research gaps deserving of future investigation are recognized. Policymakers and educators gain a deeper understanding of personality traits in social entrepreneurship to have policies that trigger a change in social entrepreneurship education by cultivating personality traits towards sustainable development. This study classifies publications related to personality traits in social entrepreneurship and provides a guide for researchers by providing a systematic understanding of the research structure in this topic.

A comparison of personality traits, learning style, and perceived stress among surgical and nonsurgical residents in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Introduction:It is often perceived that the presence of a distinct surgical personality plays an important role in predicting success in their surgical career. This study compares the personality profiles, perceived stress, and learning styles of surgical and nonsurgical residents.Aim:The aim of this study is to examine the differences in personality traits, learning style preferences, and perceived stress among surgical and nonsurgical residents.Setting and Design:A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing surgical and non-surgical residents in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Materials and Methods:The 50-item International Personality Item Pool Big- Five Factor Marker questionnaire was used to score 5 personality domains. The 24-item Learning Style Inventory Questionnaire was used to determine the preferential learning styles (visual, auditory, or tactile). The Perceived Stress Scale was administered to assess the perception of stress in the residents.Statistical Analysis:t-test and chi-square test were done for statistical analysis.Results:A statistically significant difference was found in learning style preferences with visual (14.78 ± 3.73 vs. 7.4 ± 2.25) and kinesthetic styles being (13.84 ± 4.37 vs. 6.96 ± 1.47) preferred by surgical residents whereas auditory style was preferred by nonsurgical residents (P < 0.05). Surgical residents scored higher in extraversion (P = 0.00), conscientiousness (P = 0.00), and openness to experience (P = 0.00) which was statistically significant. Nonsurgical residents were found to have a higher perception of stress which was statistically significant (13.40 ± 7.10 vs. 21.12 ± 7.52) (P = 0.01).Conclusion:The significant trait variance supports the concept of surgical personality.

Comparison of Personality Traits and Demographic Factors of the Entrepreneurs: The Case of Erzincan Province

Purpose – Entrepreneurship is a major force that forms the economic basis of developed countries today. Entrepreneurs contribute greatly to the strengthening of the economy by using resources effectively, generating innovative ideas, providing employment opportunities, and creating various markets. Each of the entrepreneurial individuals has various personality traits. This study aims to compare entrepreneurs' personality traits with demographic factors. Design/methodology/approach – The data used in the study were obtained from 281 entrepreneurs who have their own business in Erzincan province between 01.05.2019-01.07.2019, using the survey method, which is the primary data collection tool. The Survey forms were analyzed with SPSS for Windows 20.0. Findings – In the study it is found that female entrepreneurs are more extroverted than male entrepreneurs while the agreeableness levels of male entrepreneurs are higher than female entrepreneurs, single entrepreneurs are more extroverted than married entrepreneurs while the level of conscientiousness of married entrepreneurs is higher than single entrepreneurs, conscientiousness levels of aged 43 and over entrepreneurs are higher than other age groups while young entrepreneurs were found to have more openness than older entrepreneurs. Agreeableness levels of entrepreneurs with postgraduate are higher than entrepreneurs at other education levels. As education increases, agreeableness increases. Conscientiousness levels of entrepreneurs with postgraduate are higher than other education levels. As education increases, conscientiousness increases. Discussion – It was seen that some dimensions of the personality traits of the entrepreneurs were statistically significant in terms of demographic variables. Previous studies on the subject were examined, similar and different results were compared with this research. In entrepreneurship research, it was emphasized that personality traits and demographic factors are important and should be the subject of other studies in different place time and examples in the future. Some suggestions have been made to support especially women and young entrepreneurs.

Daily cognitive complaints and engagement in older adulthood: Personality traits are more predictive than cognitive performance.

Cognitive complaints and engagement in cognitive activities are two consistent predictors of cognitive aging outcomes, including risk for nonnormative decline. Though research has considered predictors of complaints and engagement in general, little work has attended to the fact that these fluctuate at the daily level. The current study examined individual difference predictors of means and variability for engagement and complaints across 10 days in a sample of older adults (n = 136; Mage = 70.45 years). When comparing personality traits to indicators of cognitive performance, personality differences appeared better unique predictors for these measures of daily cognitive life. Specifically, even when accounting for demographics, measures of cognitive performance, and the other personality traits investigated, older adults higher on openness to experience reported fewer daily cognitive complaints and more engagement on average, as well as greater daily variability in engagement. In addition, higher neuroticism predicted greater variability in reports of cognitive complaints across days. Implications are discussed with respect to how these findings advance our understanding of cognitive complaints and engagement in daily life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Personality traits in substance use disorders and obesity when compared to healthy controls.

Although personality traits are implicated in substance use disorders (SUDs) and obesity, differences and similarities between them have not been assessed. Our main aim was to compare personality traits between people with different SUDs, obese people and healthy controls. This was a secondary analysis of personality scores obtained from participants in neuroimaging studies from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health. United States. Individuals with obesity (OB) n=41, alcohol use disorder (AUD) n=39, marijuana use disorder (MUD) n=24, cocaine use disorder (CUD) n=100, and healthy controls (HC) n=117 (237 males and 84 females). The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, which characterizes positive emotionality (PEM), negative emotionality (NEM) and constraint (CON) traits. Adjusted covariates included cigarette smoking status, age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Multivariate analysis of covariance showed a main group effect (i.e. OB, AUD, MUD, CUD and HC) only on NEM (P<0.0001, η2 =0.17) and CON (P=0.005, η2 =0.12). Specifically, NEM was higher in AUD (P<0.0001, d=10.4), CUD (P<0.0001, d=8.2) and MUD (P=0.001, d=9.2), but not in OB (P>0.05, d=2.8) relative to HC. CUD showed lower CON (P=0.015, d=5.4) and PEM (P=0.018, d=4.8) than HC; however, these differences were not significant in the other groups. NEM and CON were negatively correlated for groups combined (r=-0.26, P<0.0001), and separately for OB (r=-0.49, P=0.001) and CUD (r=-0.22, P=0.03). Cigarette smoking status did not influence group differences in NEM, PEM or CON. Compared with healthy controls, people with substance use disorders appear to show higher negative emotionality, and people with cocaine use disorders appear to show lower positive emotionality and constraint traits. Similar findings were not found among people with obesity.

Comparison of Personality Traits among Patients with Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Stress: A Pilot Study

Background: Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are chronic skin diseases that greatly affect the quality of life. Both diseases can be triggered or exacerbated by stress. Objective: We aimed to differentiate personality traits between patients with chronic skin conditions and people treated for stress in a pilot study. Methods: Patients participating voluntarily in educational programs in Belgium and Switzerland were recruited to complete personality trait questionnaires, including the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). A comparison was made with patients treated for work-related stress. Results: A total of 48 and 91 patients suffering from skin diseases and work-related stress, respectively, were included in the study. Based on the questionnaires, we found that dermatology patients were less persistent and impulsive than those with work-related stress. Dermatology patients also exhibited more rigidness and less focus on performance. Finally, patients with work-related stress seem more likely to change in response to health-promoting programs than patients with chronic dermatoses. Conclusion: Patients with chronic skin diseases may perceive and cope with stress differently in comparison to patients with work-related stress due to inherent personality traits. Therefore, stress coping mechanisms may differ among different diseases. More research is needed into the design of educational interventions and the impact of personality traits in disease-specific groups.

Creativity and Personality Traits as Foreign Language Acquisition Predictors in University Linguistics Students.

Foreign (second) language (FL/SL) proficiency is one of the most important competencies for a modern person, and is necessary for both professional and personal fulfillment. The purpose of this study is to consider and compare personality traits and creativity as predictors of success in foreign language acquisition (FLA). The sample includes 128 (105 female and 23 male) first- and second-year university linguistics students. Creativity is measured by the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA). The FFM personality traits are measured by the Russian NEO Five-Factor Inventory adaptation by S. Biryukov and M. Bodunov. To assess the level of FL proficiency, we used a traditional academic achievement indicator (the semester’s final grades in English), as well as the English teachers’ assessment of the level of language proficiency of their students according to the “Foreign Language Proficiency Scale” (10 indicators and total score). Descriptive statistics methods and a multiple regression analysis were used to process the data in the R software environment, version 3.5.2. The findings of our research showed that creativity indicators have a stronger but contradictory impact on the level of FL proficiency compared to personality traits. We suggest that teachers, most likely, lack knowledge on the manifestations of student creativity in the process of FL learning.

The relationship between personality traits and BMI categories.

OBJECTIVE:To compare personality traits between average weight, overweight and obese people using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated Form (EPQR-A). Study design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Place and duration of study: S. B. U Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital Family Medicine Obesity Policlinic and Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics, from November 2018 to January 2019.METHODS:Participants aged between 18 and 65 years (279 female and 150 male) were layered according to Turkish Endocrinology and Metabolism Society (TEMD) Body Mass Index (BMI) categories to compare personality traits between normal weight, overweight and obese people. Each layer was compared to each other in this study. A questionnaire, including socio-demographic form, and EPQR-A Form were applied to the participants.RESULTS:Patients aged between 18 and 65 years (279 female and 150 male) were evaluated according to BMI categories. There was a significant difference in psychoticism score averages by BMI categories (p<0.001). The mean of psychoticism scores showed a V-shaped distribution according to the BMI categories. There were no significant differences between the average scores of neuroticism and extraversion according to BMI categories (p=0.094; p=0.157, respectively).CONCLUSION:There was a significant difference in psychoticism score averages by BMI categories. The mean of psychoticism scores showed a V-shaped distribution according to the BMI categories.