Comparison Of Personality Traits Research Articles

Personality of young adults born prematurely: the Helsinki study of very low birth weight adults

Today, the first generations of very low birth weight (VLBW <or= 1500 g) infants are entering adulthood but very little is known of their personality traits, associated with both psychopathological vulnerability and resilience. In this cohort study we compared personality traits among young adults (age range 18 to 27 years, mean 21.4, SD 2.19) with VLBW (n = 158) with those of term-born controls (n = 168) of same gender, age, and maternity hospital. The participants completed the Neo-Personality Inventory. Of the five main traits, the VLBW participants scored significantly higher in conscientiousness (MD .1, 95% CI .0 to .3; p < .03), agreeableness (MD .2, 95% CI .0 to .3; p < .001), and lower in openness to experience (MD -.1, 95% CI -.2 to .0; p < .02). In addition, the VLBW group differed from the controls with regard to facets of neuroticism (lower hostility and impulsivity, ps < .05) and extraversion (less assertiveness p < .01). Furthermore, there were fewer undercontrolled personality profiles among the VLBW subjects (p < .01). All differences were independent of gender, age at assessment, parental education, individual school grade average, and maternal pre-eclampsia and smoking during pregnancy. Young adults born with VLBW showed markedly different personality traits compared with their controls. The VLBW group displayed less negative emotions, were more dutiful and cautious, and displayed more warmth in their social relationships than their term-born peers. We present two potential mechanisms underlying these findings. The first relates to parental influences and the other to evidence linking biological mechanisms associated with prematurity with personality characteristics in adulthood.

Temperament and character traits in patients with bipolar disorder and associations with comorbid alcoholism or anxiety disorders

Temperament and character traits may determine differences in clinical presentations and outcome of bipolar disorder. We compared personality traits in bipolar patients and healthy individuals using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and sought to verify whether comorbidity with alcoholism or anxiety disorders is associated with specific personality traits. Seventy-three DSM-IV bipolar patients were compared to 63 healthy individuals using the TCI. In a second step, the bipolar sample was subgrouped according to the presence of psychiatric comorbidity (alcoholism, n = 10; anxiety disorders; n = 23; alcoholism plus anxiety disorders, n = 21; no comorbidity, n = 19). Bipolar patients scored statistically higher than the healthy individuals on novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence and lower on self-directedness and cooperativeness. Bipolar patients with only comorbid alcoholism scored statistically lower than bipolar patients without any comorbidity on persistence. Bipolar patients with only comorbid anxiety disorders scored statistically higher on harm avoidance and lower on self-directedness than bipolar patients without any comorbidity. Limitations of this study include the cross-sectional design and the small sample size, specifically in the analysis of the subgroups. However, our results suggest that bipolar patients exhibit a different personality structure than healthy individuals and that presence of psychiatric comorbidity in bipolar disorder is associated with specific personality traits. These findings suggest that personality, at least to some extent, mediates the comorbidity phenomena in bipolar disorder.

Elective cesarian section vesus planned vaginal delivery-A prospective cohort study of healthy primiparae

NIH has-in a state of the science conference-commented on the lack of well designed studies on the effects of elective cesarean section (ECS) as compared with planned vaginal delivery (PVD). This study compares personality traits, medical outcome, breastfeeding and birth experience in the two groups.

Do the Personalities of International and U.S. Medical Graduates in Psychiatry Differ? A Preliminary Study

To compare personality traits of psychiatry residents with various characteristics. The authors administered Cloninger's personality inventory to residents at two schools. There were no trait differences between international medical graduates (IMGs) and U.S. medical graduates (USMGs) or those for whom psychiatry was a first or second choice. Perceived differences between IMG and USMG psychiatry residents appear unrelated to personality.

Personality measures in former heroin users receiving methadone or in protracted abstinence from opiates

Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) and detoxification to abstinence are among the most common treatment options for opiate-dependent patients. This paper compares personality traits in detoxified former heroin users and those on MMT in order to assess their relevance to treatment selection. Twenty-six formerly heroin-dependent subjects receiving MMT (MM), 33 formerly heroin-dependent subjects withdrawn from MMT (MW), and 43 healthy controls were compared on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). On the TCI, MM patients had higher novelty seeking and lower self-directedness scores than controls. Both MM and MW subjects scored higher than controls on multiple MCMI-II scales. MW but not MM subjects scored higher than controls on two Cluster A Scales and the delusional disorder scale. Schizophrenia-spectrum pathology in former opiate users may be greater than previously recognized and could potentially be relevant to treatment selection.

Affective instability and impulsivity in borderline personality and bipolar II disorders: similarities and differences

Objectives: many studies have reported a high degree of comorbidity between mood disorders, among which are bipolar disorders, and borderline personality disorder and some studies have suggested that these disorders are co-transmitted in families. However, few studies have compared personality traits between these disorders to determine whether there is a dimensional overlap between the two diagnoses. The aim of this study was to compare impulsivity, affective lability and intensity in patients with borderline personality and bipolar II disorder and in subjects with neither of these diagnoses. Methods: patients with borderline personality but without bipolar disorder ( n=29), patients with bipolar II disorder without borderline personality but with other personality disorders ( n=14), patients with both borderline personality and bipolar II disorder ( n=12), and patients with neither borderline personality nor bipolar disorder but other personality disorders (OPD; n=93) were assessed using the Affective Lability Scale (ALS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), the Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-7B). Results: borderline personality patients had significantly higher ALS total scores ( P<0.05) and bipolar II patients tended to have higher ALS scores than patients with OPD ( P<0.06). On one of the ALS subscales, the borderline patients displayed significant higher affective lability between euthymia and anger ( P<0.002), whereas patients with bipolar II disorder displayed affective lability between euthymia and depression ( P<0.04), or elation ( P<0.01) or between depression and elation ( P<0.01). A significant interaction between borderline personality and bipolar II disorder was observed for lability between anxiety and depression ( P<0.01) with the ALS. High scores for impulsiveness (BISTOT, P<0.001) and hostility (BDHI, P<0.05) were obtained for borderline personality patients only and no significant interactions between diagnoses were observed. Only borderline personality patients tended to have higher affective intensity (AIM, P<0.07). Conclusions: borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder appear to involve affective lability, which may account for the efficacy of mood stabilizers treatments in both disorders. However, our results suggest that borderline personality disorder cannot be viewed as an attenuated group of affective disorders.

Humor and Giftedness

Two studies investigated humor among gifted adolescents. The first compared the choices received on a sociometry of humor test by a group of gifted adolescents and by their peers in 30 classrooms. It was found that while sociometric choices were normally distributed in the general population, gifted adolescents received either few or many choices, in a bimodal distribution. The second study compared personality traits of gifted adolescents receiving high and low scores on a humor test. The results showed that gifted adolescent humorists were more extroverted, more creative and lower in their needs for social approval. Tentative explanations for these findings as well as practical implications are presented.

Characteristics of Drop-outs from a long-term behavioral treatment program for obesity

Severely obese subjects (n = 68) were treated in a combined behavioral modification program and monitored for a 4-year period of time. Ten subjects dropped out, and two subjects died during the study, resulting in a 18% dropout rate. The Karolinska Scales of Personality were used to compare personality traits between the subjects in the drop-out group and the group who completed (n = 56) the program. The drop outs showed significantly higher scores in the Impulsiveness and the Monotony Avoidance scales and lower scores in the Socialization scale as compared with the group who completed the program. Thus, those who left the program had higher scores in psychopathic-related personality traits. There were no drop outs during the last 1 1/2 years of this 4-year follow-up period.

Some comparative personality traits of the mildly retarded.

A selected sample of 38 mildly retarded teenagers and young adults from two institutions in Western Kentucky was administered the California Psychological Inventory and the MMPI to compare personality traits. The mean profiles on each test were interpreted and some broad recommendations and cautions made for improving personality function among the retarded.

Alcoholic women; personality traits during adolescence.

There have been few attempts to study the relationship between adult drinking patterns and prealcoholic personality traits in women. The present study compares personality traits using adolescence of 30 alcoholic women with those of their nonalcoholic biological sisters. The picture of the prealcoholic adolescent which emerges is one of an insecure, withdrawn, moody, self-indulgent girl who is nonetheless basically competent. She lacks those traits (found in her nonalcoholic sister) which are considered culturally to be stereotypically "feminine." Adolescent personality traits which differentiate between alcoholics and their sisters in the present study merit attention in future studies.

Background and career orientations of women with mathematical aptitude

A “person-thing” career motivation continuum was tested as a model for structuring this investigation of the personal characteristics and career influences of women in mathematics who entered teaching or nonteaching careers. Women mathematicians who chose to teach were hypothesized to be more person-oriented in career development (i.e., they would be more influenced in the development of career interest by people). In contrast, women who chose careers in mathematically oriented fields, until recently considered nontraditional for their sex (engineering, physical science, accounting, economics, computer science), were expected to be more attracted to the “ideas” or “things” of mathematics. This hypothesis was tested in its null form by comparing personality traits and career influences for two groups of university senior women. Each group was composed of 30 subjects who had elected at least 24 semester credit hours in mathematics. Subjects were randomly selected after individuals were first stratified into two groups, according to whether they chose teaching or nonteaching careers in math-related areas. Second order personality traits derived from subjects' responses to Cattell's 16 PF Questionnaire were employed to assess personality differences. A biographical questionnaire was utilized for collecting data relative to career-influence factors. Multivariate analysis of variance and chi square statistical models were employed for data analysis. The two groups differed significantly in overall personality profiles. This difference was related to the nonteaching group's having scored significantly higher (than did the teaching group) on both the creativity and independence personality factors. Related to career influence, the nonteaching women appeared to develop their interests in mathematics somewhat earlier than did their counterparts who chose to teach. Women teachers were more attracted to their careers because of the influence of people engaged in mathematically oriented work. More of the nonteaching women cited influences associated with mathematics, itself, such as books, demonstrations and independent studies, as paramount in their career decision-making. Also, men were seen as more influential in fostering their career development by the non-teaching group, while in contrast, the teachers chose women as more influential in the development of their interests in mathematics. These findings appear to support the “person-thing” hypothesis associated with the development of career interests for women in mathematics.

Comparing personality traits of male and female dental students: a study of two freshman classes

The marked increase in women enrolled in dental school warrants a reassessment of dental student personality profiles. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to compare personality profiles of two first-year dental classes, (2) to compare male and female dental student profiles to their respective norm populations, and (3) to compare male and female dental student personality traits with each other. The Comrey Personality Scales were administered to two first-year dental classes at the University of California at Los Angeles. Between sex and within sex comparisons were made over ten inventory scales. Results indicated that the collective personality profiles of male and female dental students were markedly similar to each other for both classes. These results do not reflect the differences encountered between the sexes in the norm population. It was also noted that the "average" male dental student differed from the male norms on Orderliness versus Lack of Compulsion, Social Conformity versus Rebelliousness, and Emotional Stability versus Neuroticism. In addition, "average" female dental student differed from the female norms on Masculinity versus Femininity.

A comparison of personality traits in ulcerative colitis and migraine patients.

A comparison of personality traits in ulcerative colitis and migraine patients.

Increasing the Predictive Efficiency of Preference Counts from Paired Comparisons of Personality Traits

Increasing the Predictive Efficiency of Preference Counts from Paired Comparisons of Personality Traits

A racial comparison of personality traits.

A racial comparison of personality traits.