Comparative-typological Methods Research Articles

Issues in the Classification and Typology of Antique Masonry in the Writings of Foreign and Russian Scholars

The article examines the problems in developing approaches for the description and stylistic interpretation of antique masonry, as well as the issues in their stylistic dating. The task of dating construction remains belonging to the 7th century B.C.E. to the turn of the era, has attracted the scholarly attention of the scientific community since the 1940s and has been considered by both foreign and Russian researchers. The article's research object is the construction remains of Greek civil and military architecture in the Mediterranean and the Northern Black Sea regions - territories considered to have been the center and periphery of the Greek Oikumena. The study applied the comparative-typological method, the synchronization of objects in time and space, and dating by analogy. Both in Russian and foreign studies a significant amount of data has been collected for the analysis and construction of appropriate conclusions regarding the distribution and popularity of certain masonry in particular periods of time. However, due to the presence of many factors affecting the ancient construction and stone-carving craft, a number of exceptions due to local natural, economic, raw material, and administrative factors can be distinguished in the observed patterns. Thus, the whole picture of the formation of the construction and stone-carving craft (with the allocation of the corresponding types of masonry in a certain historical period) can be reconstructed only with a comprehensive examination of all of them. As the most interesting objects in this regard, the article cites a number of architectural remains belonging to the monuments of the distant chora of Tauric Chersonesos dating to the second half of the 4th century B.C.E.

Історія зародження тренажерних засобів рекреаційно-оздоровчої діяльності

Актуальність теми дослідження. Засобами рекреаційно-оздоровчої діяльності є тренажерні пристрої, інвентар, предмети, все фізичні вправи, ігри, естафети – все це пов’язано з розвагою. Основна мета рекреа­ційно-оздоровчої діяльності за допомогою тренажерних засобів, предметів та інвентарю є організація дозвіллє­вої діяльності в інтересах зміцнення і збереження здоров’я, а не досягнення максимальних результатів в рухової діяльності. Саме вивчення історії створення та розповсюдження тренажерів у рекреаційно-оздоровчої діяль­ності дозволить визначити особливості їх функціонування для різних груп населення. Мета дослідження – дослідити історію зародження тренажерних засобів рекреаційно-оздоровчої діяльності. Методи дослідження. Для досягнення поставленої мети дослідження використовували історичний підхід. У межах історичного підхо­ду активно застосовували порівняльно-історичний метод, який уключав два види: порівняльно-типологічний метод, та порівняльно-історичний. Теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення літературних джерел проводили задля дослідження історичних аспектів розвитку тренажерних засобів у рекреаційно-оздоровчій діяльності. Результати дослідження. У ході дослідження визначено основи зародження тренажерів у античні часи. Проаналізовано зародження та масове розповсюдження тренажерів у другій половині ХІХ століття. Визначено, що фундаментатором сучасних тренажерних засобів рекреаційно-оздоровчої діяльності став шведський лікар Густав Вільгельм Зандер (1835−1920), який здійснив справжній прорив у сфері оздоровлення людей за допомогою тренажерних пристроїв. Висновки. Винахід тренажерів має історичний характер, так як інтерес до здорового і сильного тіла був з давніх часів. Особливу увагу рекреаційно-оздоровчому обладнанню зростає з кожним днем, тому що кількість людей що бажає бути здоровим та гарним зростає. З появою нових технологій виробництва, матеріалів, нових розробок в конструкціях і можна досягти величезного успіху в сфері оздоров­лення людей.

ISOMORPHISM AND ALLOMORPHISM OF ROMANCE TERMINOLOGICAL WORD COMBINATIONS

The article reflects the main results of comparative-typological study concerning the organization of terminological phrases on the basis of four closely related languages - French, Spanish, Italian and Romanian. Attention is focused on the study of theme-rheme organization of phrases on the material of multilingual and bilingual dictionaries in some of the most priority areas of electronics and electrical engineering. Despite the isomorphism of the studied languages, the complex use of a number of methods (comparative-typological method, quantitative analysis, actual division method, questioning of specialist informants) allowed to detect several allomorphic features in the theme-rheme organization of their word combinations. They consist in the use of possessive and definite articles, prepositions, and ordinal numbers. The presence of possessive articles in the Romanian language is recognized as the most striking allomorphic property, thanks to which theme-rheme organization of a Romanian word-combination becomes more transparent in comparison with other Romance languages. The importance of the study of allomorphic features of languages for lexicography, theory and practice of translation is emphasized.

Dance in Sculpture of the Early 20th Century

This article is concerned with the ratio of plastic arts as exemplified by sculptural works depicting dances of the early 20th century. Special attention is paid to the Greek motives in the Russian art of this period, which became the subject of inexhaustible aesthetic and artistic interest. The representation of ancient dance motifs, their figurative image and the nature of antiquity in sculptural plastics, various approaches to the interpretation of ancient plots and themes, the role and significance of the “antique” component in their artistic structure are considered in the article. The study of multi‐level interactions between sculpture and dance in the context of antiquity calls for a comprehensive approach, including historical‐cultural, theoretical‐analytical and comparative‐typological methods. Relating to ancient Greek images, ballet images of S. Konenkov, M. Ryndzyunskaya, N. Andreev, V. Vatagin, V. Beklimishev and S. Erzya provide a purely individual, unique and peculiar vision of dance corresponding to the ancient era. The categories and expressive means of dance were simultaneously analyzed close to the sculptural style of the masters because they are difficult to be divided methodologically and exist as an established artistic system. The concepts of “plastic expressiveness” in relation to the dancers imprinted in sculptures were interpreted. Analyzing the museum materials and sculptures depicting the dancing process, it was concluded that the ancient influence of plastic images on structural and genre determinants may vary.

Fibula-Brooch with Pendants from the Barrow Studied in the Northern Surrounding Areas of Cherkessk

Introduction. The article is devoted to characterizing the decorative features of the fibulabrooch discovered during the study of the mound in the northern surrounding areas of Cherkessk (territory of the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia) and stored in the collection of the Stavropol State Museum. The aim of the publication is to introduce the poorly known scientific material into scientific use. A full set of illustrations and accurate measurements will further avoid confusion with the description of the specific artifact (in existing publications there are no drawings; conclusions are based only on photos). Explanations relate to the history of the brooch and details of its decoration. Methods. The comparative typological method is used as a working one. It is based on the classification by material, processing method, form, ornamentation, as well as identifying and studying types of brooches with pendants. The comparative analysis of the decor of the brooch from the Stavropol museum and similar brooches with pendants found in the western part of the North Caucasus shows the variety of polychrome decoration production technologies in the region in the 3rd – 1st centuries BC: preserving the traditions of Bosporan jewelry art; distribution of the elements of Colchian toreutics. Analysis. The paper considers design features of brooches from the Stavropol museum and monuments of the Western Ciscaucasia: details of zoomorphic figurines; characteristics of caste design; wire inlay; form and features of enamel inserts; character of pendant weaving and features of the design of suspended discs. Results. In the production of hollow zoomorphic images of the 3rd – 1st century BC there were two lines of development: 1) simplified modeling of figurines modeled on the pattern of Colchian products of the 5th – 4th centuries BC (Psenafa and others); 2) continuation of the tradition of producing jewelry with enamel (brooch from the mound in the land of Rodina state farm). In the first case, the simplicity and negligence of execution evidence established local production of imitations of Colchian images. In the second case, elegance of images and refinement of execution emphasize the creation of brooches of Karachay-Cherkessia in one of the centers of Bosporus toreutics which was under the influence of Colchian jewelry.

Anniversary Sylvets of Yuriy Stefanyk “Ulas Samchuk – his seventy years anniver- sary”and the memoir research “The Wise man “on a horse-raven”

The purpose of the work: to determine the place of Y. Stefanyk’s scientific work in Ukrainian literary criticism, to find out the value of his contribution to understanding the literary process in Ukraine in the twentieth century, to summarize scientific research of the life and workof the Ukrainian diaspora writer Ulas Samchuk. Research methods. We practice comparative-historical, biographical, descriptive, aestheticfunctional, comparative-typological methods, analysis and synthesis method, induction and deduction method, method of collecting, selecting and generalizing information data method in the given article. The scientific novelty of the study is to demonstrate a new, independent point of view of the work of the writer of the Ukrainian diaspora Ulas Samchuk; its presentating, analysis and study through the prism of Yuriy Stefanyk's literary study. Conclusions. Yuriy Stefanyk articles and essays examination on the study of the writers of the Ukrainian diaspora, namely: “Ulas Samchuk. Ulas Samchuk – his seventy years anniversary”, “Wise man “on a horse-raven”; convinces that the critic subtly feels the inherent features of each artist own style, draws attention to the aesthetic value of a particular author. He has a good feel for the colors of the language, especially the poetics of the writings of the writers he writes about. The literary school, acquired even with his father, and later in the publications with which he collaborated, the experience of research and textual work, and first of all, the literary talent led to the professionalism of his judgments, the credibility of assessments of aesthetic phenomena. We discovered the fate of the Ukrainian writer who was deprived of the right to create in Ukraine and for the Ukrainian people, but he found the conditions for creativity, the power for creation, and all this gradually returns, enriches our spiritual and cultural treasury, makes it eternal and immortal. Y. Stefanyk is a reprentative of a whole galaxy of creators-memoirists, such as Mykola Bazhansky, Yuriy Smo- lych and others. Y. Stefanyk’s research may be rarity in the study of the work of the writers of the Ukrainian diaspora.

Современные интеллектуальные журналы как явление культуры и цивилизации

The relevance of the research is connected with the leading directions of the development of modern journalistic science, which prioritizes studying the transformation of traditional media under the influence of the realities of the information society and modern civilization. The processes of penetration of the civilization factor into the media sphere are particularly clearly seen in the segment of magazine publications, which is connected with the globalization of the magazine market and the scale of its influence on the audience. Among the main vectors of modern magazine sactivities are the creation of cultural values and the creation of civilization values. If an intellectual magazine creates cultural values, broadcasting information at a qualitative level and focusing on a high level of audience training, the “new intellectual magazine” as an interdisciplinary publication creates the values of civilization and forms the lifestyle of the audience. The study of modern intellectual publications as translators of cultural values and values of civilization requires studying the modern intellectual magazine as a type of publication, identifying its main features, substantiating the differentiation of intellectual magazines into two subgroups – the classic intellectual magazine (for example, “Inviolable Reserve: Politics and Culture Debate”, “New Literary Review”) and a new intellectual magazine (for example, “Snob” and “Esquire”). The methodological basis of this work is based on a systems approach and a comparative typological method. In particular, the systems approach was used to identify evidence of an intellectual magazine as a type of publication. The comparative typological method was used to determine the differentiating measure of the subgroups of the intellectual magazine. The key factor in the emergence of a new intellectual magazine was the formation of a young generation of intellectuals with discrete, interactive thinking, a special value system. The magazines broadcast a model of modern civilization with its ideas and meanings, which proves the inclusion of this media phenomenon in civilizational communication processes.

Анализ соревновательной инфраструктуры спортивно-бальных танцев в контексте деятельности международных организаций по спортивно-бальным танцам

We consider current problems of scientific and theoretical representations development about competitive infrastructure of Sports and ballroom dancing which are not provided with sufficient scientific comprehension. The purpose is to determine the basis of division used in the world practice of international organizations for sports and ballroom dancing for the classification of competitions, performers, their skills, etc. Interest in sports and ballroom dancing, as a form of social, cultural and leisure activities, increases every year not only abroad but also in Russia. Sports and ballroom dancing in its structure have two programs: Latin American, which includes dances – Cha-cha-cha, Rumba, Samba, Jive, Pasodoble and European, dance – slow waltz, Viennese (fast) waltz, Slow Foxtrot, Quickstep, Tango. Dance and sports clubs cover in their work all age categories from children of three years to people of retirement age. Dance associations are based in cultural institutions, cultural and leisure type, in secondary schools, and in higher educa-tion institutions in the framework of additional education or the organization of cultural and leisure activities. Each dance and sports club, as an element of the structure, is registered in any Russian official organization for ballroom dancing, which, in turn, is a regional and part of the international organization for ballroom dancing. Now, there are actively there are four: 1) WDSF – World DanceSport Federation; 2) WDC – World Dance Council; 3) IDSU – International Dance Sport Union; 4) IDSCA – International Dance Studios and Clubs Association. Each of the organizations provides, contests, competitions, tournaments, Championships of Europe, Asia, world, etc. To analyze the material, we use a comparative typological method. We discover the similarities features and differences in the international organizations activities in sports and ballroom dancing, this information is scientifically investigated for the first time. We define the importance of sports and ballroom dancing competitive and amateur infrastructure for the development of culture and strengthening of a population healthy lifestyle. Also, for the first time in scientific circulation we introduce a systematic material on the activities of international organizations in sports and ballroom dancing.

КОНЦЕПТИ «РОЗУМНОЇ АРЛЕКІНАДИ» У СЦЕНІЧНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ ЙОСИПА ГІРНЯКА 1922-1933 РР.

The article covers the aesthetic and artistic vectors of acting art of the 1920's and 1930's and expanded knowledge about the work of Y. Hirnyak. In particular, theorized episodes related to the formation of a universal artist's performing manner. The process researches provided a phenomenological (generalization of individual characteristics of the performing manner of Y. Hirnyak), historical and comparative and comparative-typological methods designed to reveal the similarity and distinction between the phenomena of the theater of the 1920's and 1930's, to determine the genetic affinity, general and specific in their development . As a result, new theoretical generalizations of Y. Hirnyak's creative work on the Beryazil horse are derived. In particular, attention was focused on the concepts of "reasonable harlequinade", which related the stage practice of the actor with director's reflections Les Kurbas on the model of universal actor of that time.

Сlassification of ukrainian jazz festival events in the period of independence (1991–2012)

The purpose of the article. On the basis of the review of jazz festivals, typological features and differentiation of jazz-festival actions in Ukraine during the period of 1991–2012, to develop their classification. The methodology of work is to use theoretical methods (analytical, synthesis, abstraction, generalization) for the systematization of research material; empirical methods – observation of the processes of organizing and conducting musical festivals and their description; systematic and comparative-typological methods that helped to identify the common and distinctive features of Ukrainian jazz festivals with the aim of systematizing and developing the classification . The scientific novelty consists in studying the actual problem of domestic jazzology – the development of the jazz festival movement in Ukraine. The peculiarities of differentiation were determined and the typology of Ukrainian jazz festivals in the period 1991-2012 was determined, on the basis of which their classification was created, the development of which was based on the quantitative and qualitative principle of analysis. According to the typological characteristics of jazz festivals, performed by the method of non-strict classification, it was represented by the relevant categories. Conclusions . On the basis of the review of established and restored from previous years of jazz festivals during 1991–2012 it became clear that in Ukraine there were founded about 100 jazz festivals, except for those that continued to function since the 80's. Based on the above-mentioned parameters, an author's classification was developed, which was presented by the following categories: international festivals, jazz festivals with participation of only Ukrainian performers (all-Ukrainian, regional, city), children's and youth jazz festivals and special typologies of jazz festivals.

Chamber-vocal works by S. Rakhmaninov as model of the development for archetypal features of russian classical romance (on the example of early-period romances for the average voice)

The target of the work is investigating the development of archetypal features of the Russian classical romance in the chamber-vocal S. Rakhmaninov’s creation of early period on the example of romances for the average voice. Vocal miniatures are the kind of lyric diary of the composer, which fully embodies the whole range of characteristic images and feelings. In this sense, romances are the kind of encyclopedia of Rakhmaninov’s creativity: it is impossible to find such wealth and variety of states, perhaps even in his brilliant concerts and symphonies. The methodology of the study is to use the art history, historical and cultural, analytical and comparative typological methods. This methodological campaign allows you to analyze the features of the genres of elegy, Russian song, „gesture romance” and their own interpretation by the composer. The scientific novelty of the work consists in broadening the concept of the imaginative multidimensionality of Rakhmaninov’s vocal miniatures, which is due to the synthesis of various traditions of the national school. Vocal works „contain” a full thematic „spectrumˮ of his musical world. Conclusions. The archetypal features of the Russian classical romance and the origins of vocal lyrics are most evident in the early period of the composerʼs work. Obviously, the scope of the scientific article does not allow paying serious attention to the entire vocal creativity of the author of the Bells, to consider 83 romances in full. Therefore, the work is limited studying of works for medium voice and piano. They fully embody the main genre and style features of Rakhmaninov’s chamber-vocal creativity. The early romances of the composer-lyric poet determine the future development of the chamber-vocal genre, anticipating the innovative treatment of vocal plays.

Thomas Moore’s Poetry in the Translations of A. A. Kursinsky and V. Ya. Bryusov

Objectives: The article provides a detailed, holistic analysis of ten translations of the lyrical works of the Irish poet Thomas Moore, created by A.A. Kursinsky and included into his poetic collection “Poluteny. Lyrical poems published in 1894 and 1895 years”. Peculiarities of the perception of this poetic collection are characterized by V.Ya. Bryusov, who noticed A.A. Kursinsky's intention to “imitate ruthlessly” to K.D. Balmont, with the adoption of both his “appearance” and “the very sense of his poetry” and proposed his own interpretations of two Thomas Moore’s poems from the list of previously translated by A.A. Kursinsky. Methods: In the methodological aspect, the article is based on the foundations of historical poetics, set forth in the fundamental works of Alexander N. Veselovsky, V.М. Zhirmunsky, the theses of M.M. Bakhtin's theory about dialogue and “stranger's word”, the works of the representatives of the Leningrad school of comparative-historical literature, created by M.P. Alekseev. In the process of analysis, sociocultural, comparative-historical, cultural-historical and comparative-typological methods of research are used. Findings: At the time of the appearance of A.A. Kursinsky's translations from the lyrical poetry of Thomas Moore, the free translating-imitations that freely interpreted the ideological and artistic content of the original were widely known to the public as well as the “realistic” translations that were intended to reproduce as accurately as possible the spirit and form of the Irish original. A.A. Kursinsky found some valuable material for philosophical reflection in the poetry of Moore and skillfully preserved the features of the rhythm and melodies of the original works. Moore’s poetry attracted V.Ya. Bryusov’s attention dew to the interpretations of A.A. Kursinsky. V.Ya. Bryusov offered his vision of the works of the Irish poet, reinterpreted separate thoughts and images in a new way. Novelty: In the framework of the comparative analysis of Thomas Moore’s translations written by A.A. Kursinsky and V.Ya. Bryusov, the authors of the article form representations of Russian translators about the peculiarities of perception of ideas, images, artistic details, which characterize the original texts of the Irish poet-predecessor.

Survival Patterns: Marriage Migration of Women from the CIS in South Korea

The paper is based on the theoretical assumption that the use of the word ‘survival’in the context of international migration can characterize the main problems associated withsettling and adapting to life in Korea. The author pursues the goal to reveal social representations,processes of psychological nature, the changed states of consciousness of women who aremarriage migrants from the countries of the post-Soviet space to South Korea. To realize thisgoal, the author conducted an analysis of the content of the Internet forum of Russian-speakingwomen. The information blocks which predetermine the perception of the surrounding realityand cultivated stereotypes were identified. The research was carried out within the frameworkof interdisciplinary analysis using historical-cultural and comparative-typological methods, aswell as methods of cognitive linguistics, semiotics and statistical analysis.

ОБРАЗ ПРОСТРАНСТВА В ПРОЗЕ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ ПРИЕНИСЕЙСКОЙ СИБИРИ

Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях глобализации проблеме региональной идентичности. Предметом исследования являются произведения Н. Волокитина, В. Астафьева, А. Бондаренко и других писателей Приенисейской Сибири. Объектом исследования выступает образ регионального пространства в данных произведениях.Цель. Рассмотреть особенности художественного пространства в произведениях, выявить основные маркеры, характеризующие пространство Приенисейской Сибири.Методы исследования: в основу исследованы положены описательный метод, метод контекстуального анализа, сравнительно-типологический метод.Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования выявлено, что изучение региональной идентичности ведется в различных направлениях [1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12]. Маркерами регионального пространства в художественной литературе являются как природные образы (реки, озера, горы, тайга (лес), так и образы культуры (дом, село (город), архитектурные объекты и др.).Хронотоп Сибири в произведениях писателей Красноярского края второй половины ХХ в. качественно изменился: это «мертвый» край, но не в силу природных условий (долгая зима, убивающие все морозы), а в результате деятельности человека (вырубленная тайга, захламленные реки и озера, исчезнувшие деревни).Река – один из устойчивых маркеров регионального пространства. В произведениях сибирских писателей это не только знак, привязывающий к месту действия, но и смыслообразующий образ.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при рассмотрении вопросов региональной идентичности при изучении таких дисциплин, как «Фольклор и литература Красноярского края», «Локальные тексты русской литературы и культуры» (раздел «Сибирский текст»), «Культура Сибири», «Сибирская ссылка».

Ritual discourse about christmas entertainments in bukovinian dialects: ethnocultural and linguistic aspects

The purpose of the article is to elucidate the ethnocultural and linguistic specifics of the dialect discourse about Christmas entertainment in Bukovinian dialects, to describe the relics of the archaic (mythological) thinking of the nation. The article uses descriptive, structural, comparative-typological methods of research, as well as a modeling method. With the help of the descriptive method observations on the actual material are generalized, the structural method allowed to inventory and systematize language phenomena, comparative-typological - to emphasize the specificity of linguistic phenomena. The simulation is used to analyze the structure of the DT. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian linguistics, a system analysis of the dialect discourse on Christmas entertainments on the material of Bukovynian dialects was carried out, and a linguistic manifestation of the ethno-cultural specificity of DTs was clarified. Conclusions. In the dialectal discourse of Christmas, recreations of secular character (dances) and religious-secular (caroling) are reproduced. Ethnocultural specifics of DT Bukovynian dialects are emphasized by cultural terms, among which there are many local cultural concepts - indissoluble word combinations.

Gradual Antonyms in the English and Azerbaijani Languages

<p>The article has been written on the basis of comparative-typological method in the study of the English and Azerbaijani languages belonging to different language systems. The main aim of the investigation is to discover different shades of gradual meaning of adjectives in the both languages.</p><p>The article studies peculiarities of gradual antonyms. It is revealed that distinguishing feature of the given class of words is graduality of their opposition where the utter members of opposition have maximal degree of feature. The placement of other words, for which middle degree of feature is typical between these members, is allowed.</p>

The Spatial Hierarchy in the Poetics of Anna Akhmatova: Ontological, Mythological and Psychological Aspects

Objectives: The article aims at understanding the role of the space and time categories in the artistic world of Anna Akhmatova. The problem is considered in ontological, mythological and psychological aspects. Methods: In terms of methodology the article is based on research of the Russian Acmeism as a literary movement and creative works of Anna Akhmatova as one of its leading poets. We perceive Acmeism within the limits of a system-typological approach – not as a static reality, but as a tendency of purposes and principles common to a number of authors. The analysis used sociocultural, biographical, cultural-historical and comparative-typological methods of research. Findings: Anna Akhmatova as a representative of Russian Acmeism in her polemics with Symbolists and with their characteristic loci, both abstract and generalized, focused her attention on the concept of real life, on the image-motive embodiment of time and space. The external space in the lyrics of Akhmatova includes three areas – the space of home, of the city, and the nature, each of which is characterized by the materiality and the Artifact. There is a gradual evolution of mythological connotations, the formation of the semiotic opposition “top – down” and accentuation of the vertical axis of natural coordinates of “heaven – earth”. In the work of Anna Akhmatova dd.1930-1960-ies the disposition “top – down” remains, however the “top” begins to be associated with harmonious existence, and “bottom” – with death, grave. In those years the antique intertext starts to appear in her works, producing impression that the poet is going back to the origins of civilization, but it was associated with the Soviet ideology and its polytheistic pantheon headed by the “Father of all peoples”. Novelty: The space-time bases of Anna Akhmatova’s artistic world has been changing during her work, the transformation of semiotic opposition “top – bottom”, a shift from the abstract to the tangible materiality, from the external to the mental.

Yakov Polonsky in Ryazan Region. Review of Chekurin, L. V. (Ed.) (2014). Jakov Petrovich Polonskij: lichnost’ i tvorchestvo v istorii russkoj kul’tury [Yakov Polonsky: Personality and Creative Work in the History of Russian Culture]. Rуazan: PervopeshatnikЪ

The paper is an analytical review of the collective study Yakov Polonsky: Personality and Creative Work in the History of Russian Culture , published in Ryazan in 2014. The monograph is a joint effort of a group of scholars from Ryazan and their colleagues from Moscow and Veliky Novgorod in connection with the discussion of topical issues of Y. P. Polonsky’s creative work studies. The research aims to demonstrate the importance of the work under review in the context of regional literary criticism development: the appearance of the monograph is a landmark in the research history of the 19 th century writer’s poetic heritage that is considered in many aspects in the system of Russian classics. The methodological basis of the work is imposed by its purpose, i.e. the need to analyze the first collective monograph on the legacy of an original Russian 19 th century poet in relation to earlier works of local and national literary studies, which makes it possible to use the historical and cultural, historical and functional, and comparative-typological methods. The author concludes that the reviewed work is of considerable scholarly value; within its framework the authors offer a modern look at the key aspects of Y. P. Polonsky’s poetics, the original character of his poetry, making an attempt to uncover the symbolic implications of his poetic imagery, and clarify the genre peculiarities of the poet’s works.

АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАННЕЯКУТСКОГО АТЛАСОВСКОГО ПОГРЕБЕНИЯ XIV–XV ВЕКОВ

The burial near Lake Atlasovskoye, Yakutia, is one of the earliest Yakut burials, dating back to the 14th or 15th centuries and associated with the medieval Kulun-Atakh culture. Initially, its age was assessed by the comparative typological method based on artifacts, and later а radiocarbon estimate was generated, suggesting that the burial dates to the early stage of the Kulun-Atakh culture. Its highly unusual feature is that the individual was buried in a seated position – an exceptional case in the Yakut funerary practice. The cranium was completely wrapped in a bandage sewn from birchbark sheets, under which lethal injuries were found. Our comprehensive study was aimed at assessing the individual’s lifestyle and cause of death. Postcranial bones revealed pathologal symptoms unusual for an early age (20–25) and caused by excessive physical strain, suggesting that the man was either a slave or a warrior. The complex birchbark bandage may indicate high status. Together with the seated position of the body, this makes the military status even more likely. Multiple traumatic lesions inflicted with a cutting tool indicate the violent nature of conflicts at the early stage of the Yakut culture. Craniometruic analysis reveals Buryat and Mongol affi nities, supporting epic evidence relating to Yakut origins, in which Buryat or Mongol immigrants had taken part.

Comparative Analysis of the Structural Variety of Complex Syntactic Units in the English and Azerbaijani Languages

The article has been written on the basis of comparative-typological method in the study of the languages (the English and Azerbaijani languages) belonging to different language systems (English belonging to analytical type of languages, Azerbaijani to the synthetic type of languages). The main aim of the investigation is to find out similarities and distinctions between variant and invariant expressions of meaning in the both languages. We have aimed at studying this problem from the view of varieties in different language levels. The varieties of different levels are regulated by laws within the system of a language laws and comprise positional combinatory and distributional variants which belong to inner system laws and comprise positional combinatory and distributional variants which belong to structural varieties-within the system of the language. In this research work on the problem of variants and invariants, problem of dichotomy of language-speech, the problems related to them, social and individual problems in the both languages, system and norm and other problems have undergone scientific investigation. In the introduction of the article it is pointed out that the varieties (phonological mainly) have been investigated on the functional aspect in the both compared languages. Here the terms “variant” and “invariant” have found their linguistic interpretation. The coauthors of the article basing on the variant and invariant problems in the both English and Azerbaijani languages, have made attempts to throw light on the problem of variations in complex syntactic units in the compared languages. Within the scope of the study of the investigated problem the coauthors have introduced discussions of the scholars dealing with the problem of variations, including variants and invariants in the both compared languages. Aimed at making experimental evidences the coauthors have introduced the tables, showing variations in the compared languages in which varieties of the vowel (i) in complex syntactic units in the both languages pronounced in different positions have been indicated (see tables 1, 2, 3). Tables have been taken from (Yunusov, 2005; 2007). In the conclusion of the research work the authors have reflected the generalized consideration touched upon in the process of investigation.