Compared Research Articles

A Comparation Study of Transmission Line Routing Based on A* and RRT Algorithms

Transmission line design is an important part of power grid engineering design, and transmission line path selection is the basis of line design. Transmission line route selection is to select a line path that can not only meet the requirements of power transmission and consumption, but also consider the cost control of the line, and avoid the farmland, highways, ecological exclusion zone between the start and end of the transmission line. The path scheme is constrained by geographical factors, project cost, construction conditions, operation and maintenance conditions, which makes the path selection show the characteristics of comprehensive diversity, spatial complexity, policy influence and so on. In the traditional route selection of transmission lines, line design specialists need to go through blind route selection, site survey and other steps to determine the path scheme, but because of insufficient effectiveness of the map, it is difficult to reflect the real environmental information, resulting in repeated route selection work to determine the final path scheme. In this paper, the selection principle of transmission line path is introduced first. Then, two path optimization algorithms, i.e. A* algorithm and rapidly expanding random tree (RRT) algorithm, are used to select transmission lines respectively. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these two algorithms in practical engineering line selection design are comparatively analyzed. Compared with the way of A* algorithm, RRT algorithm is more suitable for practical application of power system. It aims to provide a reference for the method of intelligent line selection in subsequent transmission design.

Efficacy of Homoeopathy In PCOS- A Review

Introduction: To evaluate the usefulness of homeopathy for the treatment of PCOS through a literature review and to develop a strategy for future research. Method: A comprehensive search was done in electronic databases, including general medical databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Science Direct, specialised database for homeopathy CORE-Hom, CAM databases LILACS Chiro ACCESS, AYUSH Research Portal, Google Scholar, Research gate net, clinical trial registry, aimed to target the available literature of observational studies, randomized trials, controlled trials, case reports on PCOS in homeopathy and limited to the English language. The inclusion criteria are the studies with a full-text present in mentioned databases, studies with experimental or quasi-experimental designs published in peer-reviewed or partial peer-reviewed journals and studies with humans as their samples. Result: A literary search through databases helped to identify a few significant studies, such as one placebo-controlled trial, one comparative clinical study, one retrospective study, three clinical studies, and nine case reports. A retrospective study showed positive results for the role of homeopathic medicines in PCOS. The placebo-controlled trial showed a difference in outcome between the two groups. The verum group showed a positive effect in the regularization of menses. The comparative clinical study showed that both homeopathic medicines (Cal. carb, Lycopodium) appeared to be effective. Three clinical studies showed the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines in improving and curing PCOS. Nine case reports showed a positive effect of homeopathy in improving PCOS, out of which three cases showed positive outcomes also in infertility with PCOS. Conclusion: The results showed that Homoeopathy has positive effects on the management of PCOS in women. In the future, high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCT), comparative studies of homeopathy with conventional therapy, and in-vitro and animal model studies will be required to support the effectiveness of homeopathic therapeutics in PCOS.

Effects of healing start time and duration on Conventional and High-Performance Concretes incorporating SAP, crystalline admixture, and sepiolite: a comparative study

This research investigates the self-healing capability of conventional and high-performance concrete containing either a superabsorbent polymer (SAP), a crystalline admixture (CA), or water-encapsulated in sepiolite by quantifying the recovery of water tightness through the water permeability test and chloride permeability via cracks and matrix penetration on healed specimens. Specimens were pre-cracked to a crack width range of 50-450 μm at 28 days. Specimens were healed under water in four time combinations: healing starting at the concrete age of 28 days or 56 days and a healing duration of 28 or 56 days. Additionally, a healing condition of presaturation during 1 day of water immersion and storage in a humidity chamber for 27 days was studied. The results show that delayed healing reduced the self-healing efficiency, and extending the duration to 56 days enhanced healing, especially for narrow cracks (≈100 μm), and reduced chloride permeability. Specimens with SAP showed superior early-stage healing, but low delayed healing. Sepiolite enhanced healing for delayed cracks with variable effectiveness. CA improved healing for both early and delayed healing, exhibiting low chloride penetration in healed specimens.

Traditional Inguinal Incision and High Scrotal Incision (Bianchi) in Management of Encysted hydrocele in children- a Comparative Study

Traditional Inguinal Incision and High Scrotal Incision (Bianchi) in Management of Encysted hydrocele in children- a Comparative Study

The Mutual Interdependence between Financial Inclusion and Human Development and Their effects on Economic Development. Comparative Study between Egypt and The BRICS Countries

The Mutual Interdependence between Financial Inclusion and Human Development and Their effects on Economic Development. Comparative Study between Egypt and The BRICS Countries

Comparative clinicopathological studies on the anti-inflammatory effect of ashwagandha and diclofenac in rats

Comparative clinicopathological studies on the anti-inflammatory effect of ashwagandha and diclofenac in rats

El derecho a la paz con enfoque territorial y la convivencia escolar en Colombia: Estudio de caso comparado en la Ciudad de medellín

This article reviews the concept of the Right to territorial peace from the convergences between the Peace Agreements of 2016 and the national regulations. It presents Medellin as a city that requires processes of construction and guarantees of the right to territorial peace, where the responsibility is not only of the State agents but also of the school. The main objective is Understand the relationship between the right to peace with a territorial approach and school coexistence from a comparative case study in the city of Medellín, Colombia. The specific objectives are developed, first, tobase territorial peace as a right and as a value, second, to recognize the different ways of building peace with a territorial approach within the Schools and, third, to analyze the appropriation of three Educational Institutions of the city of Medellín on school coexistence as particular scenarios for building peace with a territorial approach for children and adolescents. Methodologically a comparative case study is carried out in Medellin among Institución Educativa La Independecia, Institución Educativa José Roberto Vazquez and Institución Educativa La Candelaria. As a result, it was identified that school coexistence is not including a perspective of building peace from the territories. In conclusion, it is specified that to guarantee the right to peace, spaces for participation, inclusion and education are necessary in educational institutions.

Comparative study of widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with concomitant age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy

Background/aimsWe sought to evaluate widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF SS-OCTA) among eyes with concomitant age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetes mellitus or diabetic retinopathy (DM/DR).MethodsThis cross-sectional, comparative study...

Lazertinib versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Failing EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor: A Real-World External Comparator Study.

Lazertinib is a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKI) that selectively inhibit common EGFR mutation and T790M mutation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. No previous studies have compared lazertinib to platinum-based chemotherapy. We have compared lazertinib with platinum-based chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients after previous EGFR-TKI therapy. We retrospectively compared 200 patients from LASER201, LASER301, and LASER-PMS studies to 334 patients who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy after previous EGFR-TKI from the Samsung Medical Center. After propensity score matching (PSM), we selected 156 patients from each group. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), with overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) as secondary outcomes. The median follow-up of PFS was 15.61 months in the lazertinib group and 21.67 months in the external control group. The PFS was significantly longer in patients who were treated with lazertinib than those treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (10.97 months vs. 5.10 months; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29-0.55; p < 0.01) after PSM. Lazertinib showed superior OS (32.23 months vs. 18.73 months; adjusted HR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.69; p < 0.001), ORR (64.1% vs. 47.4%), and TTD (11.66 months vs. 6.73 months; adjusted HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39-0.75; p < 0.001) compared to platinum-based chemotherapy. Based on this retrospective, external control study, lazertinib has demonstrated significantly better efficacy compared with platinum-based chemotherapy. The external controls provide important context to evaluate efficacy in single-arm studies.

Anticancer Properties of Different Varieties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Leaf Extracts in Human Tumor Cells: a Comparative Study.

Plant polyphenols are nutraceutical components with relevant biological effects on human health. They act against development of several diseases including cancer. In this study, the methanolic extracts of four date palm Phoenix dactylifera leaves (Deglet Noor (DN), Barhee (B), Khalas (KS) and Khunezi (KZ)) collected from south Tunisia were preliminary analyzed for their effects against U87 (human glioblastoma) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer) cell line development. Results showed that Barhee extract (30μg/mL) was the most efficient to reduce the growth of both tumor cells to about 40% (p < 0.05) without inducing cytotoxicity. Significantly, KS, KZ, DN and B extracts (30μg/mL) decreased MDA-MB-231 and U87 cell adhesion towards fibrinogen and fibronectin. Using integrin blocking antibodies, leaf extracts competitively decreased human glioblastoma cell attachment to immobilized antibodies by interfering to αvβ3 and α5β1 integrin receptors. At the same concentration, extracts decreased MDA-MB-23 and U87 cell migration performed with wound healing assay. Particularly, Barhee and Deglet Noor leaf extracts (30μg/mL) significantly reduced U87 cell invasion by 52.92% (p < 0.01) and 74.56% (p < 0.01), respectively. Collegially, our findings revealed beneficial proprieties of four varieties of date palm leaf especially those displayed by DN and B extracts that may serve as active candidates against human glioblastoma and breast cancer progression.

Letter to the editor: "Comparative dose-response study on the infusion of norepinephrine combined with intravenous ondansetron versus placebo for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a randomised controlled trial".

Letter to the editor: "Comparative dose-response study on the infusion of norepinephrine combined with intravenous ondansetron versus placebo for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: a randomised controlled trial".

Clinical features and outcomes of mpox in people with and without HIV: a national comparative study.

People who live with HIV (PWLH) have been one of the most affected groups during the current mpox outbreak. They are hypothesized to have a more severe clinical course than people without HIV but comparative data is scarce. We aimed to compare clinical features and outcomes of mpox in people with and without HIV in Mexico. Country-wide study in Mexico. We performed an observational study using nation-wide epidemiological data. We included all people with confirmed mpox diagnosed between May and November 2022 in Mexico. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were compared between people with and without HIV. Multivariable logistic regression models were preformed to determine the association between HIV, clinical features, and outcomes and reported with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). ORs for rare outcomes were interpreted as risk ratios. Among 3291 people with mpox, 59% were PWLH. PWLH had an increased risk of severe mpox (OR 2.6, 2.4-2.9) and death (OR 10.8, 9.7-11.9). They also had a higher risk of otalgia, proctitis, and urethritis. Eleven individuals died, of whom ten were PWLH. All deaths were directly attributed to mpox. People with HIV have a higher risk of severe mpox and death due to mpox.

Axillary Node Metastases of Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A Hallmark of Terminal Disease.

Little is known about axillary node metastasis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). To address this, a comparative study of patients with and without axillary node metastases of MTC was conducted. Among 1215 consecutive patients with MTC, 482 patients had node-negative MTC and 733 patients node-positive MTC. Among the 733 patients with node-positive MTC, 4 patients (0.5%) had axillary node metastases, all of which were ipsilateral. Patients with axillary node metastases had 5.7-6.9-fold more node metastases removed, both at the authors' institution (medians of 34.5 vs. 5 metastases; p=0.011) and in total (medians of 57 vs. 10 metastases; p=0.013), developed more frequently distant metastases (3 of 4 vs. 178 of 729 patients, or 75 vs. 24%; p=0.049), specifically to bone (2 of 4 vs. 67 of 729 patients, or 50 vs. 9%; p=0.046) and brain (1 of 4 vs. 4 of 729 patients, or 25 vs. 0.5%; p=0.027), and more often succumbed to cancer-specific death (3 of 4 vs. 52 of 729 patients, or 75 vs. 14%; p=0.005). Altogether, patients with axillary node metastases revealed 4-8-fold more node metastases in the ipsilateral lateral neck (medians of 11 vs. 3 metastases; p=0.021) and in the ipsilateral central neck (medians of 8 vs. 1 metastases; p=0.079) patients without axillary node metastases. Cancer-specific survival of patients with vs. patients without axillary node metastases of MTC was significantly shorter (means of 41 vs. 224 months; plog-rank<0.001). These findings show that patients with axillary node metastases of MTC have massive metastatic dissemination with poor survival.

Evaluation of Effectiveness and Safety of Firstline Drugs Used in the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy Among Elderly Population—A Randomised, Open-label, Active Comparator Study

Background Peripheral neuropathy is four times more common in geriatric age group patients compared to younger ones. Most of the trials have targeted adult population, and there is scarcity of data in the geriatric age group. Purpose A real-world study was planned on geriatric patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy to analyse the effectiveness and safety of first-line drugs used in the management of peripheral neuropathy. Methods It was a randomised, open-label, active comparator clinical trial in which first-line drugs for peripheral neuropathy were compared [amitriptyline (10 mg), duloxetine (30 mg), gabapentin (300 mg), pregabalin (75 mg)] for their effectiveness and safety. The trial duration was eight weeks. The modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (mTCNS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used for effectiveness. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events. Multiple groups were compared with Kruskal–Wallis test, and post hoc analysis was performed with Dunn’s test. A p value &lt;.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 80 patients were recruited (20 patients in each arm) with a mean age of 65.4 years, and 56.3% were male. Pregabalin was superior to amitriptyline ( p = .04) and duloxetine ( p = .02) in reducing mTCNS. Similarly, pregabalin was superior to amitriptyline ( p = .041 and duloxetine ( p = .009) in reducing GDS score. All drugs were comparable in reducing VRS ( p = .17). A total of 14 adverse events were observed, out of which constipation, sedation and dizziness were common. Maximum adverse events were observed in the duloxetine arm (6/14). Conclusion Pregabalin was superior to amitriptyline and duloxetine, whereas it was comparable to gabapentin in effectiveness. Constipation was the most common adverse event, but the central nervous system was the most involved in adverse events.

Correct Identity of some Folk Medicines of South Western Maharashtra

Sixty nine samples folk medicines produced from local market have been characterized botanically and pharmacognostically. Botanical characterization has been done by actual comparison of authentic samples with that of market samples. The present paper deals with enumeration of these species used in folk medicine and gives correct botanical identity of plant materials, their common names, local names, parts used and botanical diagnostic characters.

Ethnomedicinal Plants of Betul District, Madhya Pradesh

The paper deals with ethnomedicinal information on 54 plant species (belonging to 33 families) collected from field survey amongst three tribes viz., Gond, Korku and Gaiki of Betul district, Madhya Pradesh. An analysis of data has indicated that eight plant species are employed as antidote to snake bite and scorpion sting, six to treat fever. five for rheumatism, four to treat cold, cough, skin diseases, as anthelmintic and tonic, and three for stomach diseases while two species to treat impotency, cuts, wounds and as diuretic. On the other hand, only single species has been referred for a number of other ailments like eye diseases, spermatorrhoea, spleen enlargement, tuberculosis, mouth sore, boil, asthma, liver disorder, toothache, bone fracture, abortifacient, antifertility, and in veterinary. Further, a comparison with the concerned literature has revealed that 23 ethnomedicinal uses of plants have not been reported earlier.

A state-of-the-art guide about the effects of sterilization processes on 3D-printed materials for surgical planning and medical applications: A comparative study.

Surgeons use different medical devices in the surgery, such as patient-specific anatomical models, cutting and positioning guides, or implants. These devices must be sterilized before being used in the operation room. There are many sterilization processes available, with autoclave, hydrogen peroxide, and ethylene oxide being the most common in hospital settings. Each method has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of mechanics, chemical interaction, and post-treatment accuracy. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dimensional and mechanical effect of the most commonly used sterilization techniques available in clinical settings, i.e., Autoclave 121, Autoclave 134, and hydrogen peroxide (HPO), on 11 of the most used 3D-printed materials fabricated using additive manufacturing technologies. The results showed that the temperature (depending on the sterilization method) and the exposure time to that temperature influence not only the mechanical behavior but also the original dimensioning planned on the 3D model. Therefore, HPO is a better overall option for most of the materials evaluated. Finally, based on the results of the study, a recommendation guide on sterilization methods per material, technology, and clinical application is presented.

Are Large-Scale Test Scores Comparable for At-Home Versus Test Center Testing?

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a proliferation of remote-proctored (or “at-home”) assessments. The lack of standardized setting, device, or in-person proctor during at-home testing makes it markedly distinct from testing at a test center. Comparability studies of at-home and test center scores are important in understanding whether these distinctions impact test scores. This study found no significant differences in at-home versus test center test scores on a large-scale admissions test using either a randomized controlled trial or an observational study after adjusting for differences in sample composition along baseline characteristics.

Interior architecture in Australia and Canada

This paper is the first in a series. The series will compare development in Interior Design/Interior Architecture in two commonwealth countries- Australia and Canada. These countries are of a similar population, size, language, mother country and age in terms of western development. The countries therefore share, in terms of design development, some of the same opportunities and barriers.Little documented research exists concerning the recent developments in Interior Architecture in Australia and Canada. Thus this paper was written to provide an anecdotal overview of the profession in the two countries over the period described. It is acknowledged that this is by no means an exhaustive piece of research of this period, but rather an overview and starting point for more in- depth research. This paper is the second in a series of comparative studies between education and practice in Interior Design/Interior Architecture between Canada and Australia. This paper discusses the similarities in the educational structure at universities within Australia and between Australia and Canada causing concern as we find ourselves in a global competitive market place. It is paramount that interior design education directs industry, and not be dictated by short-term industry demands. For this to occur, national educational bodies need to examine their existing programs in respect to one another, develop a distinctive approach in what they teach, and develop better communications with industry in order to ensure the sharing of valuable knowledge gained through project work. This paper is written to provide an anecdotal overview of the professional education in these two countries over the past twenty years.

A comparative ammonia recovery study of solid wastes discharged from rice husk gasifi cation and combustion plants

A comparative ammonia recovery study of solid wastes discharged from rice husk gasifi cation and combustion plants