Comparative Histochemical Study Research Articles

Comparative aspects of muscle fiber types in different species

A comparative histochemical study was performed on chick, mouse, bovine, and procine red and white muscles, to determine whether the system of nomenclature for muscle fiber types, previously described for chick muscle, is applicable to other species. In all species, βR fibers exhibit the highest SDH/phosphorylase ratio despite the fact that in mouse muscles SDH activity is less in βR fibers than in αR fibers. Species differences are apparent in α fiber ATPase reactions after alkali preincubation. Nevertheless, it is concluded that the terms of αR, αW, and βR are adequate to describe the types and metabolic states of muscle fibers in all of the species examined.

Comparative histochemical study of the neurosecretory material of human neurohypophysis of adults, premature, newborn and dehydrated young infants.

Comparative histochemical study of the neurosecretory material of human neurohypophysis of adults, premature, newborn and dehydrated young infants.

A comparative histochemical study of peroxidase activity in the submandibular glands of five mammalian species including man.

A light microscopic histochemical investigation of endogenous peroxidase activity in specimens of the submandibular salivary glands of man, hamster, rabbit, dog and guinea pig was carried out. A modification of the original Graham and Karnovsky diaminobenzidine (DAB)-hydrogen peroxide method was employed at different pH's.

Comparative Histochemical Study on the Mucosa of Respiratory Tract

Comparative Histochemical Study on the Mucosa of Respiratory Tract

A comparative histochemical and electron microscopic study of the surface coatings of cardiac muscle cells

An external lamina was present on the plasma membrane of the myocardial cells of all species studied. The thickness of this lamina measured about 1000 Å in crustaceans, 300 to 400 Å in fishes, 400 to 650 Å in amphibians, 400 to 500 Å in reptiles, and 200 to 400 Å in mammals. Histochemical studies at the light and electron microscopic level showed that the external lamina is rich in carbohydrates with acidic residues. It is proposed that the external lamina acts as a selective barrier between the intra- and extracellular environment. As a circulatory system develops in the myocardium, this function is shared by the basal lamina of endocardial and capillary endothelial cells. A lamina similar to that of the plasma membrane was observed on the luminal surface of the transverse tubular system (T-system). However, a T-system was not found in cells in which the myofibrils are located primarily in the periphery of the cell, but only in cells in which the myofibrils are either centrally located or evenly distributed within the cell.

Sulphated groups in human salivary proteins: A comparative histochemical and chemical study

The specificity of some histochemical methods such as Alcian blue (at different pH and electrolyte levels), toluidine blue (at various pH levels) and ferric thiocyanate ion complex was tested on standard material possessing sulphate, phosphate or carboxyl groups. The best method of distinguishing between these three groups was Alcian blue in the presence of various concentrations of magnesium chloride. Similar tests were conducted on human duct saliva and the results compared with those obtained on the standard material. Strongly ionized groups, reacting positively with Alcian blue at pH 0.6, Alcian blue in a solution of 1.0 M MgCl 2 and with toluidine blue at pH 1.09 were found in saliva from sublingual glands. The comparison of the results from standard and salivary material suggests that the strongly ionized groups are sulphate.

Some histochemical changes underlying shoot initiation in tobacco callus cultures

A comparative histochemical study of changes in nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates was performed on freeze-substituted samples of tobacco callus, cultured under shoot-forming and non-organ-forming conditions. The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) content per cell showed no apparent change, whereas denser staining for RNA (ribonucleic acid) and protein were observed in shoot-forming regions just before and during the initiation of organized structures. The most dramatic finding was the heavy accumulation of starch in shoot-forming tissue; this accumulation preceded any organ formation and was mainly in regions which ultimately gave rise to primordia.

Histochemical localization of cholinesterase in a rodent, a sub-primate and a primate brain.

The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was studied in the various rhinencephalic structures of the brains of the coypu rat, the galago and the Grivet monkey. Serial sections of the brains of these animals, stained by the classical neurohistological methods, were available and were used for the identification of the nuclear arrangements. Although there are minor differences there seems to be a general similarity between the coypu, galago and monkey in so far as the distribution of cholinesterase is concerned. The intensity of staining is nearly the same in the coypu and galago brains. Although the staining is less intense in the brain of the monkey, yet one must be fairly cautious before drawing any conclusions simply from the intensity of staining. So much may depend on the method, for example the optimum pH for one animal may not be appropriate for another. In all these animals the most intense reaction is observed in the olfactory tubercle, amygdala and the caudate-putamen. The fibres of the anterior commissure and lateral olfactory tract stain only very faintly. These comparative histochemical studies suggest that cholinesterase — containing fibres in general are better developed, in the phylogenetically older parts of the brain.

Comparative histochemical studies of adrenergic nerves in the enteric plexuses of vertebrate large intestine

1. 1. A comparative fluorescent histochemical study of the localization of monoamines in the enteric plexuses of the large intestine of the guinea-pig, lizard, toad, trout and eel has been made. 2. 2. An extensive system of adrenergic nerves occurs in Auerbach's plexus of the toad, but there are neither fluorescent nerve cell bodies nor pericellular networks about nerve cells. 3. 3. In Auerbach's plexus of the lizard, catecholamine fluorescence is present in many nerve bundles, a few nerve cell bodies and some varicose nerve fibres encircling both fluorescent and nonfluorescent nerve cells. 4. 4. Both Auerbach's and Meissner's plexuses of the guinea-pig possess varicose noradrenergic nerve fibres in bundles and in pericellular networks about nonfluorescent ganglion cells at the nodes. 5. 5. Adrenergic nerve fibres in Auerbach's plexus of teleosts form a less extensive system than in higher vertebrates. 6. 6. It was concluded that the presence of noradrenergic terminals about ganglion cells in the enteric plexuses of mammals is a relatively recent evolutionary development.

Comparative enzyme histochemical studies on the development of teeth in man and mouse.

On the basis of a material consisting of primordia of deciduous teeth from 17 human foetuses and tooth germs from 20 newborn mice and 4 mouse foetuses, the histochemical distribution of succinic dehydrogenase, LDH, BDH, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, NADH2 cytochrome C reductase, and NADPH2 diaphorase was studied.

Mast cells of the human gingiva

Comparative histochemical studies with specific regard to the demonstration of mast cells were carried out on 21 different chronically inflamed marginal gingival specimens. For the demonstration of sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides two metachromatic stains were used‐toluidine blue (pH 1.0) and acridine orange (pH0.5)‐, as well as one orthochromatic stain‐ astra blue (pH 0.2–0.3). In addition the alcian blue‐safranin sequence was employed to distinguish between weakly and strongly sulphated mucopolysaccharides. Trypsin‐like esterase activity was demonstrated by the EACNAS‐GBC technique. The metachromatic stains used stain mature mast cells specifically, while the non‐metachromatic techniques stain immature mast cells as well. The chemical backgrounds for the different staining reactions are discussed. The chronically inflamed human gingivae were found to be rich in both mature and immature mast cells. The great majority of the immature mast cells were found within the pocket area of the connective tissue. Here, the number of mature mast cells was significantly smaller than in the oral area. The distribution of the different mast cell variants indicate a relation between mast cells and diffusible products from the gingival bacterial plaque.

Comparative histochemical studies on the development of teeth in man and in the mouse.

Comparative histochemical studies on the development of teeth in man and in the mouse.

The distribution of cholinergic and adrenergic nerves in the mammalian epididymis: a comparative histochemical study.

AbstractThe distribution of cholinergic and adrenergic nerves in the epididymis was studied in the dog, cat, rat and rabbit using specific histochemical techniques for acetylcholinesterase and norepinephrine. Both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves are associated with tunical, septal and interstitial blood vessels, run independently in the intertubular connective tissue, and surround the epididymal tubules.Throughout the epididymis there are rich adrenergic and cholinergic perivascular plexuses. The distribution and pattern of interstitial and peritubular cholinergic and adrenergic nerves vary in the three anatomical regions of the epididymis in different animals. In the dog and cat the nerves form plexuses in relation to the ductuli efferentes in the caput, and run as isolated fibers in the corpus epididymidis. In the rat and rabbit there are no interstitial or peritubular nerves in the caput and proximal part of the corpus and few nerves in the distal part of the corpus. The cauda epididymidis is the most richly innervated part of the epididymis. Both interstitial and peritubular cholinergic and adrenergic nerves form plexuses of nerve fibers and bundles, which progressively become more prominent and more intricate as the cauda is traced distally towards its junction with the vas deferens. These changes in innervation pattern follow the distalward increase in thickness of the muscular wall of the ductus epididymidis and are noted in all animals studied.Ganglia are encountered only in the caput epididymidis in the cat. Cholinergic and adrenergic epithelial fibers are present in the caput and cauda but not in the corpus epididymidis. In the cauda they penetrate through most of the thickness of the epithelium; the cholinergic fibers in this region form a loose intra‐epithelial plexus.

Some comparative histochemical studies of the vertebrate kidney

1.1. The kidneys of 33 species of vertebrates from cyclostome to man were examined by histochemical methods.2.2. The histochemical properties of the glomerulus and distal tubule were similar for all animals; the distal tubule was strongly reactive for plasmalogen and succinic dehydrogenase.3.3. The proximal tubule was exceedingly, although characteristically, variable. An especially low succinic dehydrogenase activity was correlated with high neutral lipid content.4.4. lipofuscin-like granules in the proximal tubule were unique to certain amphibia and reptiles.5.5. The sexual segment granules of male Coluber were characterized by a high content of glycolipid.6.6. Melanin pigment granules were present in the kidney of Amia calva.

A histochemical study of chondroid tissue in Limulus and Octopus.

In a comparative histochemical study of Octopus and Limulus chondroid tissues and mouse tracheal cartilage, it was demonstrated that both invertebrate chondroids behave as less acid mucopolysaccharides than those in mouse cartilage. Octopus chondroid was less reactive than Limulus chondroid. Cetyl pyridinium chloride blockage of toluidin blue metachramasia could be unblocked in mouse cartilage by an hour's treatment in 0.5 M KCl, but even extended periods in 2.0 M KCl failed to accomplish this in the invertebrate chondroids. With a number of methods for demonstrating proteins, Octopus chondroid was less reactive than Limulus chondroid. Limulus chondroid matrix was intensely stained by methods for demonstrating protein thiol groups, but essentially no staining was observed in Octopus chondroid matrix. These studies indicated that the composition and/or structure of matrix material in the invertebrate chondroids differ from one another, and in turn differ from conditions in vertebrate hyaline cartilage.

Comparative histochemical studies of L-leucyl beta-naphthylamidase in ovarian epithelial tumors.

Comparative histochemical studies of L-leucyl beta-naphthylamidase in ovarian epithelial tumors.

Histochemistry of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in the human and experimentally induced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium

1. Comparative histochemical study has been done on the endometrium and endometrial malignancies in the human and in the mouse uterus which had been treated with 20-methylcholanthrene-impregnated threads.2. Alkaline and acid phosphatase, esterase, β-glucuronidase, aminopeptidase, succinic dehydrogenase, DPN-dependent dehydrogenases, and TPN-dependent dehydrogenases were studied.3. Enzymatic activities during menstrual and estrus cycles, in human adenocarcinoma and in the carcinogenesis of mouse endometrium were discussed.

A comparative histochemical study of the ovarian stromal lipid band, stromal theca cell, and normal ovarian follicular apparatus

I N A P R E v I 0 u s study of the stromal theta cell1 a peculiar accumulation of lipid was noted in the stromal spindle cells (the ovarian “fibroblasts”) forming a band just below the surface of the ovary. The distribution and location were different from those of the polygonal stromal theta cells, called luteinized stromal cells by Scully,” and there was no connection with the follicular apparatus. In the same study,l evidence was presented that a spindle form of the stromal theta cell was an early stage in the development of the polygonal form. Since the presence of lipid in the ovary appeared to be intimately connected with the synthesis of the steroid hormones, it was thought appropriate to compare the stromal spindle cells forming the lipid band with the stromal theta cells and the theta interna cells which are also derived from morphologically similar stromal spindle cells. Methods ap-

A COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF FISH (CHANNA MARULEUS) AND AMPHIBIAN (BUFO STOMATICUS) OOGENESIS.

Comparative histochemical studies on the fish (Channa maruleus) and amphibian (Bufo stomaticus) oogenesis demonstrate a great similarity in the growth and differentiation of their egg follicle. The ooplasm, germinal vesicle and egg-membranes show distinct morphological and cytochemical changes during previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis.

Observations on histochemical differential diagnosis between primary and secondary cardiomyopathies: Behavior of monoamine oxidase, phosphorylase, and glycogen in heart muscle

Comparative histochemical and morphologic studies were performed during the development of three primary (nonocclusive, or metabolic) and three secondary (occlusive, or anoxic) necrotizing cardiomyopathies, in the rat. The primary types of lesion were induced by the injection of plasmocid, the administration of dihydrotachysterol, and the feeding of a potassium-deficient diet. On the other hand, the secondary types of cardiac damage were elicited by ligature of a coronary artery as well as by two synthetic amines, methoxamine and metaraminol, which possess sustained pressor and vasoconstrictor properties. It was observed that myocardial monoamine oxidase, phosphorylase, and the stainable, labile fraction of glycogen behave differently during the development of primary and secondary cardiomyopathies, and it is suggested that the histochemical techniques for these three substances are applicable for purposes of morphologic differential diagnosis, since the changes are not only quantitatively but also qualitatively distinguishable and provide a basis for etiological considerations.