Comparative Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Activity Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of spinel structured transition metal ferrites supported on reduced graphene oxide against pathogenic strains of bacteria and fungi.

One of the global challenges for living things is to provide pollution and harmful microbes-free environment. In this study, magnetically retrievable spinel-structured manganese zinc ferrite (Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) (MZF) was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. Further, the MZF with different weight percentages (10wt%, 50wt%, and 80wt%) were supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The phase purity and morphology of MZF and MZF/rGO nanocomposite were confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, UV-visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses of the as-synthesized nanocomposites were examined for the detection of various chemical groups, band gap, and thermal properties, respectively. The MZF/rGO nanocomposite exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against Eggerthella lenta, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans compared to bare MZF and rGO. The high surface area of rGO plays a crucible role in antimicrobial analysis. Additionally, the anti-bacterial and fungal activity is compared by synthesizing various metal ferrites such as MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and Fe3O4. The 50wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposite exhibits significantly high antibacterial activity. However, 10wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposite shows good antifungal activity than Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, MnZnFe2O4, 50wt%, and 80wt% MZF/rGO nanocomposites. These findings suggest that the prepared ferrite nanocomposites hold promise for microbial inhibition.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of human granulysin, bovine and porcine NK-lysins against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 (O157) is a foodborne pathogen causing human disease ranging from hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome to kidney failure, while remaining harmless to cattle, its primary reservoir. The severity of the human disease associated mainly with Shiga toxin production and a global emergence of antibiotic resistant STEC highlights the need for effective non-antibiotic, pre-harvest strategies to reduce O157 in cattle, the principal source of human infection. Towards this goal three synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): human granulysin (hGRNL), bovine NK-lysin (bNK2A), and porcine NK-lysin (pNKL), were tested in vitro against O157 isolates. As expected, circular dichroism spectroscopy findings were consistent with a predominantly α-helical conformation for all three AMPs in an environment mimicking bacterial outer surface or liposaccharides. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations of hGRNL (200 μM), bNK2A (12.5 μM against strain 86-24 and 25 μM against EDL933), and pNKL (6.25 μM) were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method in Müeller-Hinton broth (cation-adjusted). The bNK2A and pNKL AMPs did not induce Shiga toxin expression in O157 at MIC, as there was a significant decrease or no change in toxin expression following 4- or 20 h incubation with the AMPs; bNK2A p <0.0001 (4 h) and p = 0.4831 (20 h); pNKL p <0.0001 (4 h) and p = 0.0001 (20 h). Propidium iodide uptake assay revealed faster O157 membrane damage or killing kinetics with bNK2A and pNKL compared to hGRNL. Nonetheless, transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that all three AMPs mediated damage to O157 membranes. In contrast, the three AMPs showed minimal cytotoxicity (<2%) against cattle red blood cells at tested concentrations (0.39-50 μM). Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for bNK2A and pNKL to be further developed into novel non-antibiotic agents to reduce O157 shedding in cattle.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Compressive Strength of Conventional and Thyme-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Compressive Strength of Conventional and Thyme-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of herbal and nonherbal root canal irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis – An in vitro study

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of herbal and nonherbal root canal irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis – An in vitro study

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of newer herbal disinfectant formulations on hospital microbial flora

Background: The world is now focusing on use of herbals because they are eco-friendly and less toxic on human health and environment Objectives:To evaluate antimicrobial activity of newer herbal disinfectant formulations on hospital microbial flora Methods: Herbal disinfectants were prepared with medicinal plant leaf extracts of Tridax procumbens, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Costus igneus and Nepata cataria. Hospital microbial flora was isolated by rubbing and rotating sterile swabs from targeted spots. Extract formulations were tested for the antimicrobial activity against five isolatedbacterial strains i.e., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus using Kirby-bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Among the five different herbal disinfectants, Tinospora cordifolia showed good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and Enterococcus faecalis with 27mm, 20mm and 14mm of zone of inhibition respectively. Costus igneus showed high antimicrobial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 22mm of zone of inhibition. The herbal disinfectant formulations in the present study were reported effective results against hospital microbial flora which cause nosocomial infections Conclusions: Herbal disinfectants Tinospora cordifolia, Costus igneus, Withania somnifera exhibits antimicrobial activities against MDR bacterial pathogens isolated from hospital wards.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity of Tulsi extract [Ocimum Sanctum (Linn.)] and Curcumin extract [Curcuma Longa] with 0.2% Chlorhexidine on Periodontal Pathogens

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is associated with colonization of specific bacteria in the subgingival area. Widespread use of antimicrobials has resulted in emergence of various side effects and drug resistance. Phytomedicine has been used in many clinical conditions and it appears to be a suitable alternative to manage conditions affecting the oral cavity. AIM: Present study aims to assess the in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Tulsi extract and Curcumin extract on Periodontal pathogens. MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: Ethanolic extract of 100% w/v of Tulsi and Curcumin was prepared by cold extraction technique. Prepared extracts were further diluted to obtain solutions of 5 different concentrations to be tested (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 5%). Obtained solutions and controls (0.2% Chlorhexidine and Distilled water) were subjected to the microbiological investigation against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Agar well diffusion method was employed to determine the concentration at which Tulsi and Curcumin gave an inhibition zone, similar to Chlorhexidine. Data was analysed using one‑way analysis of variance and post‑hoc test for inter-group and intra‑group comparisons. RESULTS: At 10% concentration both Tulsi and Curcumin extract have demonstrated comparable antimicrobial activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Cotton Balls Incorporated With Musa paradisiaca and Chitosan: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: Antibiotics are one of the great advances in medicine. But overusing them has led to resistant bacteria (bacteria that are harder to treat). The current study foresees better non-toxic antimicrobial substances (conventional antibiotics) that insist to consider medicinal plants and animal-derived products, which have better antibiotics without any side effects. The goal of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of cotton balls incorporated with Musa paradisiaca and chitosan.Materials and methods: Musa paradisiaca, chitosan, and gentamicin-reinforced cotton balls were considered in three groups namely Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, which tested against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus mutans, andBacteroides fragilis. For the present study, pre-sterilized cotton balls were taken and then soaked with Banana peel extract and soluble chitosan solution at different concentrations of 500 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml under aseptic conditions and were dried at 50° overnight. The same incorporation method was followed for a 10mg/ml concentration of gentamicin, which was used as a positive control group.Results: In this current study, the banana peel extract, soluble chitosan, and gentamicin exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms. In the well diffusion method, at the concentration of 500 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml, chitosan and banana peel extract were comparatively better than the positive control group (gentamicin) at a higher concentration of 10 mg/ml.Conclusion: From the results of the present study, a lower concentration of the testing group (soluble chitosan and banana peel extract) exhibited a better effect when compared to a higher concentration of gentamicin. Hence, chitosan and banana peel extract impregnated cotton could be preferred for routine clinical scenarios like wounds, extractions sockets, and during any short intraoperative surgical procedures periodontal surgery, where it can provide maximal antimicrobial effects without the side effects of antibiotics.

Protocol for Managing Antimicrobial Activity in the Patients with Maxillary Defect by Functionalization of Silicone Using Different Nanoparticles: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Patients with facial or intraoral defects are mostly reconstructed by prosthesis for which maxillofacial silicone considered as a material of choice for better aesthetics. Silicones are widely used medical materials. One of the major problems associated with the use of maxillofacial silicone material is microorganisms and fungal growth especially Candida albicans, which can result in chronic infection, inflammation and degradation of silicone material that's why the development of antimicrobial silicone elastomer became so important. So, a multiple study is performed trying to improve this property. Nanoparticle technology is rapidly advancing and is used for a wide range of applications in medicine. The potential of metal nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents is widely studied and is considered as an alternative approach to overcome the challenge posed by multidrug resistance in bacteria.&#x0D; Objective: The present study aims at to evaluate compare the antimicrobial activity of different nanoparticles through functionalization of silicone in the patients with maxillary defect.&#x0D; Methods: A prospective interventional study will be conducted for two years. The subjects in the study will be randomly selected comprising of 21 number of patients undergoing a surgical intervention of maxilla (developmental or acquired defect), after which obturators as a rehabilitation prosthesis is the treatment of choice. Relining of interim obturator incorporate with two different nanoparticles is planned and accordingly subjects will be divided in two interventional group and one control group. For control group, that means were prosthesis is fabricated in a conventional manner without any interventions, so in such patients swab will be taken from the intaglio surface of prosthesis after a specific intervals (after 2,6,12weeks). For interventional group in which prosthesis is relined with two different functionalized silicones, swab will be made again from defect site and from intaglio surface of obturator (after 2,6,12 weeks) with paper points to check microbial colonization growth after which comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity will be performed.&#x0D; Results: Descriptive and analytical statistics will be done. SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) Version 20.1 will be used as statistical software. The statistical significance between control group and interventional group in particular intervals will be evaluated at p&lt;0.05 as P value is considered as level of significance.&#x0D; Conclusion: Functionalized silicone prosthesis which will thus be given to a patient of maxillary defects to prevent further adhesion of microbial growth on surgical site and which ultimately helps in wound healing. Hypothesis of present study is antimicrobial property of functionalized silicone using Hybrid nanoparticle may be more effective as compared to that of Chitosan nanoparticles in the interim obturators.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Material Incorporated with Various Disinfectants – An In-vitro Study

Background: Blood and saliva can easily contaminate the dental impressions. It contains variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses which causes cross infection to health personnel &amp; environment. Therefore, sterilizing the impression material is the best way to avoid disease transmission. Spraying and Immersion technique are conventional methods of disinfection of irreversible hydrocolloid impression material but in both of these techniques impression is disinfected only on the surface. Self-disinfecting impression are disinfected throughout the impression material. This study categorized various disinfectants into Chemical, Herbal &amp; Physical. Nanoparticles and herbal disinfectants are mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid impression material, which will suggest its antimicrobial activity.&#x0D; Aim &amp; Objectives: To evaluate and compare antimicrobial-activity of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials incorporated with various disinfectants.&#x0D; Methodology: Commercially existing irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials will be used in the study. The disinfectants used will be chlorhexidine, silver nanoparticles and cinnamon. The selected disinfectants will be added into the irreversible hydrocolloid at the manipulation stage and their antimicrobial activity will be evaluated using the “Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Method” against the selected microorganisms.&#x0D; Expected Outcome: Differential Antimicrobial activity of Chlorhexidine, Silver Nanoparticle and Cinnamon when added to irreversible hydrocolloid for disinfection of impressions.&#x0D; Conclusion: Addition of various disinfectants in irreversible hydrocolloid may imbibe the antimicrobial activity within the impression materialand with the comparative investigations, more potent disinfectant can be applicable for clinical use as per findings of the present study.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of ground husk of cocoa bean with and without xylitol on Streptococcus Mutans – An in-vitro study.

Background: Dental caries is a disease that occurs when bacteria, predominantly Streptococcus mutans, colonizes the tooth surface and metabolizes the dietary carbohydrates to acids, resulting in demineralization of teeth. Interventions that can inhibit the growth and survival of streptococcus mutans are crucial to reduce dental caries. Cocoa bean husks, extracted from the shells of cocoa beans have shown to possess anti glucosyltransferase and antibacterial activities. Aim of our study was to evaluate in-vitro antimicrobial activity of ground husk of cocoa beans with and without xylitol on streptococcus mutans. Methods – The study was carried out using 96 well microtiter plate and these were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of Extracted powder of cocoa bean (CBH), Group II was of extracted powder of cocoa bean and xylitol (CBH+X) and Group III consisted of Chlorhexidine (0.12%) (CHX). Minimum Inhibitory concentration was assessed using 96 well micro-titer plate. Standardized strain of Streptococcus Mutans 25175D was used. Results – No anti-microbial activity was seen for group I (CBH) and group II (CBH+X) at concentrations of 0.3%. However, chlorhexidine (0.12%) showed its antibacterial activity at its first concentration only. Conclusions – It was found that ground husk of cocoa bean at 0.3% does not possess any antimicrobial property in in-vitro trial. Addition of xylitol had no effect on increasing antibacterial property.

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Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 3% naocl, 0.5 % metronidazole,12.5% curcuma longa and 25% mimusops elengi against enterococcus faecalis-an in vitro study

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 3% naocl, 0.5 % metronidazole,12.5% curcuma longa and 25% mimusops elengi against enterococcus faecalis-an in vitro study - IJCE- Print ISSN No: - 2581-9534 Online ISSN No:- 2581-8988 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijce.2020.005, IP Indian Journal of Conservative and End

Comparative evaluation ofantimicrobial activity of herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones - Aninvitro study

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial activity of different herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones. Material and methods: Antimicrobial activity of Lemon grass oil, Cinnamonoil, Peppermintoil and sodium hypochlorite (positive control) was evaluated using Agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and E. Faecalis. Sixty gutta percha cones were glove handled during ongoing routine endodontic procedures and then cut into two equal halves. First half of contaminated gutta percha cones were placed in brothand incubated and the other halves were treated with herbal oils and sodium hypochlorite for one minute and then incubated for 24hours to check for turbidity. Results: 1)For both tested micro-organisms, Cinnamon oil showed largest zones of inhibition (mean ± SD), 28.6 ± 1.18 mm, 30.8 ± 1.4 mm against E. faecalis, S. aureus. 2)Cinnamon oil is most effective in decontamination of GP cones in 1 minute, followed by NaOCl, Lemon grass oil and Peppermint oil. Conclusion: Cinnamon oil is a potent antimicrobial agent for rapid disinfection of GP cones in one minute and can be an alternative to sodium hypochlorite.

A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of chitooligosaccharides with broad spectrum antibiotics on growth of some pathogenic microorganisms

Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the antimicrobial activity of chitooligosaccharides (chito) and comparing them with that of the standards broad spectrum antibiotic flomox and kluacid. The chito were prepared by enzyme hydrolysis of chitosan. They were fractionated into four groups (1, 2, 3 and 4) according to their molecular weights (MW) by ultrafiltration. Specific growth rate of the tested microorganisms was determined in the presence of chito. The potential antimicrobial activity of chito was evaluated as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards Gram positive bacteria (B. cereus), Gram negative fungi (P. aeruginosa) and Gram positive yeast (C. albicans). MIC was determined by8 serial dilution methods. The inhibitory activities of chito 1 and 3 were identified as being as strong as broad spectrum flomox and kluacid against B. Cereus. The specific growth rate of C. albicans was completely inhibited by chito (4) at concentration of 0.11 mg/ml with molecular weight less than 1.0 KDa and was stronger than that of broad spectrum kluacid (0.42 mg/ml). Chito (3) with molecular weight 1–10 KDa had MIC 1.67 mg/ml against P. aeruginosa. The results of this study suggested that chito can be a potent factor affecting as an antimicrobial activity. They could be considered as a possible alternative/additive to known antimicrobial agents in pharmaceutical compositions.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Quercetin against Endodontic Pathogens in Primary Molars

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Quercetin against Endodontic Pathogens in Primary Molars

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Functional Properties of Native and Esterified Legume Proteins

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Functional Properties of Native and Esterified Legume Proteins

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of biodentine and MTA against e. faecalis an in vitro study

Background: Surgical endodontic therapy is the prescribed treatment of choice whenever the non-surgical options fail which includes the use of a root end filling material. E. faecalis is the most prevalent organism associated with the treatment failed casesAim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Biodentine and MTA as root end filling material and root repair material against E. faecalis.Settings and Design: Comparative invitro study was conducted at Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences, Kottayam under Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar diffusion test. Freshly mixed MTA and Biodentine was added to respective wells and incubated. The zone of inhibition of growth was recorded.Statistical analysis: The data analysis was performed using Students ‘t’ testResults: Statistically significant difference was found between Biodentine and MTA in against E. faecalis growth.Conclusions: Biodentine was found to have superior antibacterial activity against E. faecalis than MTA. Hence it can be a better alternative to MTA as root end filling and root repair material.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite against multispecies dentinal biofilm

Aims: To check the antimicrobial activity of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) (Giloy), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against 21-day-old multispecies biofilm formed on tooth substrate of extracted human teeth. Settings and Design: In vitro dentin disinfection model used to check the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal extracts. Materials and Methods: The in vitro dentin disinfection model was used to check the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of medicinal plants along with NaOCl. The polymicrobial biofilm was allowed to grow on extracted teeth sections for a period of 21 days. Remaining microbial load in the form of CFU/ml after the antimicrobial treatment was tabulated and data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 17 one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: Both the plant extracts showed considerable antimicrobial efficacy as compared to negative control. About 5.25% NaOCl was the most effective antimicrobial agent having statistically significant difference against plant extracts and negative control (saline). Conclusions: The methanolic extract of TC (Giloy), O. sanctum (Tulsi), and 5.25% NaOCl has considerable antimicrobial activity against polymicrobial dentinal biofilm of Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Commonly Used Indian Spices Against Microbes Associated with Juices

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Commonly Used Indian Spices Against Microbes Associated with Juices

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles

Methods for evaluating the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of silver nanoparticles have been developed using solid culture media. Different cultures of microorganisms responsible for food spoilage have been used to evaluate the efficiency of the antimicrobial effect. The relative efficacy of silver-nanoparticle-based drugs obtained by different methods is determined. The methods discussed in this paper can be used for comparing the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of nanoparticles when conducting research, it can find application in production control, and data on antimicrobial activity can be applied for the development of promising preservatives and drugs.