Descriptive Comparative Study Research Articles

Navigating Emergency Online Learning: A Comparative Study of University Students in Bangladesh and Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The present study compares the university student’s experiences of learning in virtual mode during unprecedented impacts of the COVID-19 in Bangladesh and Indonesia with a focus on the enjoyment, performance, satisfaction, and cost of online learning.This was quantitative cross-sectional research conducted by using an online survey with the participation of 438 and 529 university students in Bangladesh and Indonesia. The findings reveal that university students in Bangladesh have little more comfortable with online learning compared to those in Indonesia. The students in both countries have no problem with adaptation to avant-garde online learning platforms. University students in Bangladesh appear little more satisfied with online teaching while those in Indonesia tend to be less satisfied. University students either in Bangladesh or in Indonesia consider online learning as an expensive learning mode. The present study depicts an early online remote learning experience of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the nature of the descriptive comparative study focusing on Bangladesh and Indonesia, the results of this study may not be generalised. Specific factors underlying their experiences are in need of further investigation. In future endeavours, lectures are urged to actively harness proper technologies, mix between conventional and virtual learning or blend synchronous and asynchronous learning to provide more enjoyable and interesting online learning thus the students can be more satisfied.

Effectiveness of interdisciplinary teacher teams among English teachers in public secondary schools in Jolo

This descriptive-comparative study assessed the effectiveness of interdisciplinary teacher teams among English teachers in public secondary schools in Jolo during school year 2023-2024. One hundred (n=100) samples were taken through non-probability sampling method, quota sampling, among selected public secondary schools in Jolo, Sulu, Philippines. A modified questionnaire was used to elicit the perceptions of English teachers regarding the effectiveness of implementing interdisciplinary teacher teams in public secondary schools. English teachers believed that the interdisciplinary teacher teams among secondary schools was very effective in Instructional Practices, Student Orientation, Team Organization, and Team Structures. Findings also noted significant difference on the perceptions of English teachers regarding the effectiveness of interdisciplinary teacher teams in Team Organization. The study highlighted the positive impact of interdisciplinary approaches on student engagement and achievement. Interdisciplinary teacher teams offered opportunities for professional growth and development. Educators had the opportunity to expand their knowledge base, develop their teaching practices, and gain insights into alternative instructional approaches through collaboration with colleagues from different disciplines. Educational institutions can support this professional development by providing resources, incentives, and recognition for interdisciplinary collaboration.

Comparison of the Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion and Cervical Disc Replacement for Cervical Disc Disease.

To compare the radiological outcome and development of heterotopic ossification (HO) following single-segment anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc replacement (CDR) for cervical disc herniation and evaluate their impact on surgical success. Descriptive comparative study. Place and Duration of the Study: Neurosurgery Department at Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye, between January 2020 and June 2022. Patients aged 18-70 years with radicular neck pain unresponsive to conventional medical treatment and an MRI-confirmed diagnosis were included. Patients with osteoporosis (OP) were excluded. Patients were randomised into two treatment groups (ACDF and CDR) and stratified by age and symptom severity. Radiographic assessments and HO classification according to McAfee were performed. Among the included patients, 56 underwent ACDF and 45 underwent CDR. The mean patient age was 48.29 ± 9.530 and 41.84 ± 7.239 years in the ACDF and CDR groups, respectively (p <0.001). The postoperative disc height increased in both groups. The T1 slope was significantly higher preoperatively and in the early postoperative period in the CDR group than in the ACDF group (p = 0.001). HO was graded as 1, 2, 3, and 4 in 28 (27.7%), 6 (5.9%), 7 (6.9%), and 4 (3%) patients, respectively. ACDF and CDR provided similar improvements in radiological measurements and pain relief. Although both procedures significantly enhanced the patient's quality of life and disability scores, HO was more prevalent following CDR during long-term follow-up. Cervical disc replacement, Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, Spinal surgery techniques, Heterotopic ossification.

INTRODUCTION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ARTICLES BY INDONESIAN AUTHORS: A COMPARATIVE MOVE ANALYSIS

The introduction section of a research article (RA) is crucial, as it serves as the foundation for the entire research study. A well-crafted introduction can captivate readers, offering essential insights into the background and rationale for the study, while also conveying the research's quality and reliability. This study investigates how novice versus experienced social science researchers introduce their work in English research articles (RAs) published in internationally recognized Scopus-indexed journals compared to those published in Indonesian national journals. We analyze the rhetorical structure and linguistic features used in these introductions. Employing Swales' (2004) Create A Research Space (CARS) model as a theoretical framework, this descriptive comparative qualitative study delves into the analysis of commonalities and differences in the execution of rhetorical moves and steps, as well as linguistic features and metadiscourse. The results reveal that both sets of data exhibited all three rhetorical moves outlined in the CARS model, namely Move 1 (Establishing a Territory), Move 2 (Establishing a Niche), and Move 3 (Presenting the Current Work). However, the findings also underscore distinctions in how these steps and metadiscourse were realized, indicating that writers in both groups employed distinct approaches when introducing their research studies. Implications to English teaching at universities and publication workshops are discussed.

Evolving Licensure Examination: Assessing Student Confidence and Accuracy With Next Generation NCLEX.

The Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) includes new item types. Little is known about nursing students' confidence and accuracy in answering these questions. A descriptive comparative study examined prelicensure nursing students' confidence and accuracy in answering NGN-style items versus multiple-choice questions (MCQs) of the same content via a 12-item quiz. Less than one third of students (n = 194; 32.1%) reported feeling confident in answering NGN questions. Students' confidence levels had no relationship on scores with NGN items. When comparing NGN-style items to MCQs, students' (n = 221) scores on NGN-style items were lower with bowtie or a select-all-that-apply questions but higher with highlight table or matrix multiple-choice questions. Students' lack of confidence with certain item types suggests faculty should incorporate these item types into classroom activities or course assignments. NGN test-taking strategies also should be incorporated and frequently reinforced throughout the curriculum. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(4):252-255.].

An in-depth examination of geriatric nursing master's programs: A comparative analysis between Iran and Canada

This study was undertaken with the explicit objective of comparing the educational curriculum of the Master's program in Geriatrics in Iran with that of the Alberta Nursing School in Canada. This comparative descriptive study employed George F. Bradley's 4-step method, involving the stages of description and proximity analysis. Data were sourced from internal databases, including Magiran and Scientific Information Database, supplemented by external databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The geriatric nursing master's program in Alberta is characterized by a longer duration and a more established history. The delineation of roles for graduates in this context is more specific compared to the situation in Iran. The admission criteria in Alberta are more stringent, emphasizing the quality of candidates through a comprehensive evaluation of general and professional factors. Conversely, the admission process for nursing master's students in Iran considers a broader set of criteria. Furthermore, a substantial disparity exists between the course topics in Iran and the pressing societal and clinical needs. The inadequacy of clinical space and the scarcity of experienced professors emerge as significant challenges within the training program in Iran. The formulation of the curriculum for the geriatric nursing master's program should adhere to a systematic and comprehensive framework that aligns with societal needs. Graduates of the program should possess a well-defined professional position within the healthcare landscape. The educational process should involve the utilization of accomplished professors and a dynamic clinical environment to effectively train students.

Evaluation of breastfeeding behaviors and complementary feeding practices of Turkish and Syrian refugee mothers.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare breastfeeding and related factors (age, level of education, age at first pregnancy, etc.), and complementary feeding practices between Syrian refugee and native Turkish mothers. Material and methods: This descriptive-comparative study examined the nutritional characteristics of infants aged 9 to 60 months whose mothers were Turkish or Syrian refugees who attended Kızıltepe State Hospital between January 2022 and July 2022. Results: 204 mothers (126 Turkish and 78 Syrian) who had a child aged 9-60 months were included. The average age of the mothers was 27.60 ± 5.17 years for Turkish citizens and 28.91 ± 5.62 for Syrian refugees, without significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.091). Postpartum breastfeeding was 91.3% and breastfeeding duration was 12 (0-24) months in Turkish citizens; in Syrian refugees, breastfeeding was 84.6% and average breastfeeding time was 9 (0- 24) months (respectively, breast milk intake p: 0.144, uptake time p: 0.161; no statistical difference). Breastfeeding training was received by 23.8% of Turkish citizens and 5.1% of Syrian refugees; there was a significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.001). Conclusion: In refugee groups, infant and maternal nutrition practices are disrupted. Working in conjunction with local and international organizations and state agencies that give help to refugee groups, the appropriate interventions, initiatives, supports, and awareness-raising activities would strive to improve practices in mother and baby nutrition and narrow gaps.

Implementation of nurse’s clinical competency: A scoping review

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Background&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Nursing care provided to patients, especially in hospitals, is expected to be of high quality, and its implementation is in accordance with the nurse's clinical competence. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; This scoping review aimed to assess the implementation of the clinical competence of nurses in hospitals so that a clear picture of the implementation of these competencies is obtained. In addition, this study can be evidence-based and related to implementing these clinical competencies. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Methods:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This literature review used PICO framework to develop articles questions (P: nurses, I: not applicable, C: not applicable, and O: application of clinical nursing competency). Articles search for literature review was conducted during April and May 2023. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This study used Pubmed and ScienceDirect Databases and other sources. The keywords that used in this scoping review was &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;“nursing competency” OR “clinical nursing competency” AND “evaluation” OR “implementation” AND “hospital”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;There were 1,150 articles from the search results, but only seven were included for review. One article is a descriptive comparative study using a qualitative approach, and six articles are cross-sectional studies. The articles are publications within five years (2019-2023). In its implementation, the average clinical competency of nurses is at a low to moderate level, and only one study found was at high nurse competency. The results of the supervisor's clinical competency assessment were significantly lower than those assessed by oneself and the group. In addition, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;the nurse competency level was moderate, and there was no significant difference in the clinical competency of nurses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The implementation of nurses' clinical competence has yet to be optimal, so hospital management needs to improve nurses' clinical competence so that nurses can provide higher quality and professional nursing care in the hospital.&lt;/em&gt;

CORRELATION OF Ki-67 CELL PROLIFERATION MARKER EXPRESSION WITH AGE,&#x0D; SEX, DISEASE STAGE, AND TUMOR DIFFERENTIATION IN GASTRIC CANCER

Relevance: Gastric cancer continues to lead the cancer incidence structure. One of the directions of a comprehensive plan to reduce the&#x0D; incidence of malignant neoplasms is the development a highly efficient early diagnostics based on the relationship between the expression of&#x0D; the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in gastric cancer with age, sex, stage of the disease and the degree of tumor differentiation according to&#x0D; immunohistochemical analysis.&#x0D; The study aimed to study the relationship between the expression of the Ki-67 marker in gastric cancer and age, sex, stage of the disease,&#x0D; and the degree of tumor differentiation.&#x0D; Methods: The research design is a comparative descriptive study. For the study, surgical material was used from 109 patients with gastric&#x0D; cancer stages 0-IIIC, obtained during gastric cancer operations from the pathology department of the West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov&#x0D; Medical University (WKMOMU) Medical Center from 2021 to 2022. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted at the&#x0D; morphological laboratory of the Department of Histology of WKMOMU. The obtained data was statistically processed.&#x0D; Results: The present study showed a significant statistical correlation between the Ki-67 level and the histopathological grade of gastric&#x0D; cancer (p=0.039).&#x0D; The indicators such as ‘pTNM stage’ (p=0.894), ‘Age’ (p=0.664), ‘Sex (F – 1, M – 2)’ (p=0.928), and ‘Tumor localization (cardiac – 1, body – 2,&#x0D; antral and pyloric – 3)’ (p=0.866) did not statistically significantly correlated with the Ki-67 expression level.&#x0D; Conclusions: The relationship between Ki-67 expression and histopathological grade (p=0.039) in gastric cancer helps identify patients&#x0D; with aggressive tumors that require adjuvant therapy.

The sustainability of developmental programs by the U.S. and China in Sub-Saharan Africa: a comparison of effectiveness

This descriptive comparative qualitative case study examines the sustainability of development programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated economic, social, environmental, and institutional development programs from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the U.S. to Sub-Saharan Africa for sustainable development to fill the research gap on these technique’s success and effects on Sub-Saharan Africa. Using purposive sampling, we chose eight Sub-Saharan African countries representing distinct geographies and economies. The College of William & Mary’s AID Data-GeoCoded Chinese Official Finance Dataset, China Africa Research Initiative, and USAID’s Foreign Aid Explorer provided data. Results revealed a complex view of Sub-Saharan Africa’s development policy success. Proposition 1, which claims China’s economic tactics exceed those of the U.S., is supported by significant infrastructure investments but presents sustainability problems. Proposition 2, praising the social development initiatives of the U.S., is supported by gains in healthcare and education in other countries. However, context-specific issues persist. Proposition 3 shows that U.S. conservation collaborations have improved environmental preservation. Proposition 4 claims that both countries’ institutional development plans fail. The results highlight local government buy-in issues and the need for adaptation. Some of the ideas find support in recent research; however, country and context differences require unique tactics. Development efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa should focus on long-term sustainability, local objectives, and environmental implications. Effective institutional growth requires adaptation and a strong awareness of local governing dynamics, and policymakers, development practitioners, and scholars may gain insight into sustainability and development projects in Sub-Saharan Africa from this research. A holistic approach that balances economic, social, environmental, and institutional factors is needed to attain sustainable development goals.

The Reality of Common Sexual Problems for Students with Down’s Syndrome in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: The current study aimed to identify the sexual problems of students with Down’s syndrome in Saudi Arabia from the point of view of their parents and teachers in the light of a range of variables (student’s age, educational program, and family’s economic situation). Method: This descriptive comparative study was based on a sample of 120 participants consisting of 68 parents and 52 teachers caring for students with Down’s syndrome. The questionnaire of sexual problems for students with disabilities was applied and the data was statically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and One- way ANOVA. The findings indicated that the most prevalent sexual problems experienced by students with Down’s syndrome according to their parents and teachers are a lack of knowledge of sexual development, difficulties in the child presenting themselves in front of others, and the inability to distinguish between normal and abnormal physical contact. Findings: The arithmetic one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used to calculate the findings that revealed no statistically significant differences between the perspectives of the parents and teachers of students with intellectual disability regarding the most prevalent sexual problems. Moreover, there was no statistically significant correlation between the student’s age and the sexual problems they encountered. Finally, the findings found statistically significant differences in the sexual problems encountered according to the of the program variables to which the students with Down’s syndrome belong and the family’s economic situation Discussion: It is recommended that a group counseling program be devised for the parents of students with Down’s syndrome to advance their knowledge of sexual development and to obtain an understanding of how to deal with the variables resulting from such development. Develop training programs for families, teachers, psychologists, and social workers working in special needs care on how to identify the sexual problems experienced by intellectually disabled students. Raise parents’ awareness of the importance of communication and dialogue with teachers to identify the most important sexual problems their children face and collaborate to resolve them through training courses.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Profile of Conservative Versus Surgical Management of Meniscal Injuries

Background: Surgical management of meniscal tear carries financial implications in resource limited settings like ours. Conservative management could address this issue, if its safety and efficacy profile is better understood. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of conservative and surgical management of patients with meniscal tear with conservative management.Material and Methods: Descriptive comparative study of 80 patients with meniscal tear, recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique, was carried out at Orthopedic unit MMC MTI Mardan, during 1st August 2022 and 31st July 2023. Patients were assigned to surgical and conservative group. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at baseline and 3 months after treatment were compared for efficacy. Treatment related complications were noted.Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled with 40 patients in each group (surgical versus conservative). The mean baseline and IKDC score at week 12 in surgical versus conservative group were 45.069±13.301 versus 51.873±17.90 and 79.52±7.40 versus 73.92±11.67 respectively. Surgical group showed treatment response in 37 patients (92.5%) versus 31 (77.5%) in conservative approach (p value 0.060). Surgical site infection was observed in 5 patients (12.5%) in surgical group. Medication related adverse effects were observed in 3 patients (7.5%) in conservative group.Conclusion: No appreciable differences in the clinical results, such as pain reduction or better knee function, between patients who received meniscal surgery and those who underwent conservative treatment for meniscal tears.Keywords: Conservative Approach, Meniscal Injury, Surgical Approach, Treatment Outcomes

The psychosocial impact of eye-gaze assistive technology on everyday life of children and adults

Purpose This study investigates the psychosocial impact of eye-gaze assistive technology (EGAT) in both children and adults with long-term experience using eye-gaze assistive technology in everyday life, as well as the psychosocial impact as related to duration of use. Methods In this descriptive comparative study, 34 adult and 27 child EGAT users participated in a structured individual interview using the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS). Results The participants’ age ranged from 5–74 years, 50% were female and 52% had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The EGAT had a positive psychosocial impact on competence, adaptability, and self-esteem among adult and child users. Competence was the only subscale with a higher value for adults (p = 0.038), compared to children. The items with the highest impact for the psychosocial aspects were quality of life, ability to participate, and self-esteem. The adults had longer duration of use than children, but for high-, medium-, and low-duration users, the device showed a positive psychosocial impact. Conclusions Participants considered EGAT to have high positive impacts for participation and quality of life. The study adds new knowledge in that high positive psychosocial impact may be found even among low-duration users of EGAT, which is important to consider for service providers.

Hip adduction and abduction strength profiles in elite and sub-elite female soccer players according to players level and leg limb-dominance

BackgroundUnderstanding the hip adduction and abduction strength in female soccer players is crucial for performance enhancement and injury prevention. This study compares the strength profiles in these muscle groups between elite and sub-elite female soccer players and assesses the impact of leg limb-dominance.MethodsA descriptive-comparative study was employed. Eighty-two female soccer players were evaluated. Isometric hip-adduction and abduction strength were measured using a handheld dynamometer.ResultsFemale elite and sub-elite soccer players displayed a mean and standard deviation (SD) on isometric hip-adductor strength for dominant (3.19 Nm/kg ± 0.69 vs. 2.40 Nm/kg ± 0.67) and non-dominant leg (3.32 Nm/kg ± 0.76 versus 2.42 Nm/kg ± 0.70), respectively. For isometric hip-abductor strength in elite and sub-elite players, a mean and SD of dominant (2.86 Nm/kg ± 0.56 vs. 2.07 Nm/kg ± 0.50) and non-dominant (2.80 Nm/kg ± 0.59 vs. 2.04 Nm/kg ± 0.43). In essence, elite players were stronger than sub-elite players on isometric hip-adduction (mean difference [MD] = 0.82 Nm/kg, CI95% = 0.42–1.12) and abduction (MD = 0.83 Nm/kg, CI95% = 0.54- 1.12) both in dominant and non-dominant, leg, whereas no differences existed for hip adduction:abduction ratios between groups and legs.ConclusionsElite female athletes exhibited greater strength than sub-elite female players in both hip adduction and abduction, whereas adduction:abduction ratio values did not differ between the two groups or between different legs.

Supplement Consumption by Elite Soccer Players: Differences by Competitive Level, Playing Position, and Sex.

Soccer is a sport practiced all over the world and whose practice begins in young athletes. Currently, the consumption of nutritional supplements is essential to achieve the maximum performance of players. The aim of this study was to describe the consumption of sports supplements (CSS) by elite soccer players and its association with their competitive level, playing position, and sex. A comparative descriptive and non-experimental study was performed during the 2021-2022 competitive season. A total of 70 elite players completed one online questionnaire about their CSS. We found that sports drinks (55.7%), sports bars (50.0%), whey protein (48.6%), caffeine (47.1%), and creatine (60.0%) were the most consumed supplements by the total sample. Relative to the categories, the CSS was higher in the senior teams for both men and women. Regarding playing positions, caffeine was more consumed by midfielders and forwards (p = 0.013). Finally, in relation to sex, significant differences were found in the consumption of sports confectionery (p = 0.036), whey protein (p = 0.002), β-alanine (p = 0.013), and melatonin (p = 0.016). Soccer club SS questionnaires gather data to understand patterns, assess effectiveness and risks, and aid research. In conclusion, differences were found in the CSS according to competitive level, sex, and playing position.

Mise en place du dépistage de l’infection congénitale à cytomégalovirus dans une maternité française de type 3

ObjectivesCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection and the leading cause of infectious neurosensorial disability in newborns. We wanted to organize the management of women from the beginning of pregnancy allowing access to antenatal treatment with valaciclovir, recognized since 2020 as limiting materno-fetal transmission. To this end, we set up and evaluated the interest of systematic screening for CMV infection in our maternity. We wanted to organize care for women from the very start of pregnancy. MethodsRetrospective and comparative descriptive study carried out at the CHRU de Limoges from July 2017 to December 2019 (targeted screening), then from January 2020 to June 2022, during which period we implemented systematized screening by iterative serologies at the 3rd, 6th, 8th months and before delivery. Our main evaluation criteria were the seroprevalence of CMV infection and the rate of congenital infection. We then described our cases of infection (primary or secondary) during pregnancy. ResultsCMV seroprevalence in our pregnant women increased significantly from 52.7% (779/1478 women screened) to 58.4% (3852/6599 women screened) between the 2 study periods (P=0.04). We diagnosed 11 infections during the first part of the study vs. 27 during the second, with a significant increase in primary infections from 0.14% (9/6524 births) to 0.37% (24/6426 births) (P=0.008). Only 3 secondary infections were diagnosed during the second study period. The rate of congenital infections remained stable between the 2 study periods (6 children/6524=0.09% vs. 8 children/6426=0.12%; P=0.57). ConclusionOur results confirmed the interest of screening for CMV infection, while modifying the screening strategy we had initiated.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Hand Hygiene Among First year and Fourth year MBBS Students; A Cross Sectional Comparative Study

Objective: To compare the knowledge, attitude and practices of hand hygiene among first- and fourth-year medical students of HBS Medical and Dental College Islamabad. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive comparative study was carried out in HBS medical and dental college Islamabad from June to August 2022(n=200). The survey was based on self-structured closed-ended questionnaire about hand hygiene practices among the participants. Results: We identified 90%of first year and 98% of fourth year medical students with adequate knowledge, attitude and practices about hand hygiene. Conclusions: The majority of first and fourth year MBBS students had updated information regarding hand hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices.

MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATION VERSUS DILTATION AND CURETTGE TERMINATION OF FIRST TRIMESTER ABORTION AMONG WOMEN ADMITTED AL-SADAQA TEATCHING HOSPITAL, ADEN JAN1st DECEMBER 31st 2020

Early pregnancy failure is a medical complication and major health problem across the globe. The aim of this study is to compare manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and dilatation and curettage (D&amp;C) for first trimester abortion, in terms of the efficiency of eliminating retain product of conceptus, frequency of complications, duration of the procedure, and duration of patients' hospitalization. This is a prospective comparative descriptive study performed at Al-Sadaqa Teaching Hospital. Over a period from 1st Jan 2020 to 31st December 2020, a total of 143 women, these patients either MVA group (n=72) or D&amp;C group (n=71). Presented with spontaneous abortion and gestational age less than 12 weeks, patent cervix, and no signs of septic abortion, hemoglobin ≥9 g/dl and no bleeding disorder. Data was collected on prescribed questionnaire. The total number of abortion 637 in compare to 259 (40.7%) patient with first trimester abortion, 143 patients was included in this study, MVA group (n =72) and D&amp;C group (n=71). The distribution in respect to the age, parity &amp; gestational age was similar in both groups. The mean duration of procedure was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in D&amp;C group compared to MVA group. The duration of hospital stay was significantly lower (P&lt;0.05) in MVA group compared to D&amp;C group. MVA group showed the least incidence of complications regarding the amount of blood loss, and cervical laceration. Complete evacuation was achieved in 95.8% in MVA vs. 98.6% in D&amp;C group with no statically significant (P=0.304). MVA is as effective as popular dilatation and curettage for treatment of early pregnancy failure while it need less time consuming, requires a shorter hospital stay and subsequently costs less. It does not require general anesthesia and complication rate is less than dilatation and curettage. So it can be easily accessible to the woman of both rural and urban societies belonging to any socioeconomic strata especially where high tech equipment and power supply are not available.

Comparative Analysis of Engagement and Academic Self‐Concept among Nursing Students: Differences in Study Modalities

Background. Novel educational strategies are essential to cultivate a cadre of nurses with the requisite skills, critical thinking abilities, and adaptability demanded by contemporary healthcare contexts. The shift towards various learning modalities in nursing education, including online, hybrid, and in‐person formats, raises questions about their impact on student engagement and academic self‐concept. Objectives. This study aimed to assess and compare the levels of student engagement and academic self‐concept among nursing students engaged in different study modalities (online, hybrid, and in‐person). Methods. In this descriptive comparative study, 203 nursing students were evaluated using the university student engagement inventory (USEI) and academic self‐concept questionnaire (ASCQ). Participants were divided into groups based on their involvement in online, hybrid, or in‐person study modes. Differences and correlational analysis within variables were performed to evaluate the comparison between groups. Results. Significant differences were observed in the USEI scores among the study modalities: online (mean = 45.7, SD = 5.6), hybrid (mean = 48.8, SD = 6.1), and in‐person (mean = 50.4, SD = 6.2), with in‐person students displaying the highest levels of engagement (F = 10.663, P &lt; 0.001). Academic self‐concept scores also varied notably (F = 9.422, P &lt; 0.001) between modalities, particularly between online (mean = 54.8, SD = 5.3) and in‐person students (mean = 58.8, SD = 7.7). Correlational analysis within each modality revealed significant relationships among the subdomains of USEI and ASCQ. Conclusion. The study demonstrates that the mode of study substantially influences nursing students’ engagement and academic self‐concept, with in‐person learners showing higher scores in both domains. These results are vital for educators and policymakers in nursing education to optimize learning experiences across different modalities.

Сравнительный анализ заболеваемости ожирением детей, проживающих в Московской области

Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis concerning the overall prevalence of obesity in children 0–17 years old living in the Moscow region (MO) for 2012 and 2022. Patients and Methods: a comparative descriptive epidemiological study was conducted based on the data from the annual reporting forms of the Federal Statistical Observation No. 12 "Information on the number of diseases registered in patients residing in the area served by the medical institution" for the child population (from 0 to 17 y.o.) for 2012 and 2022. Results: in 2012, the diagnosis of obesity (ICD-10 code E66 for Overweight and obesity) was established in 13,781 children, including 9,608 children under 14 years old and 4,173 adolescents aged 15–17. In 2022, the diagnosis was established in 19,329 children, including 13,386 children under 14 and 5,943 adolescents aged 15–17. The overall number of children with obesity in 2022 compared to 2012 increased by 4% (from 11.76 to 12.29 cases per 1000 children's population), with the most significant increase observed among adolescents aged 15–17 (23%, from 22.48 to 27.74 per 1000 population), primarily among female patients. An increase in the overall prevalence in 2022 versus 2012 was observed in 18 city districts (38%), and a decrease — in 14 city districts (30%). In 2012, the prevalence rate higher than the average regional level (45%) in the age group of 0–14 y.o. was reported in 21 city districts, in the age group of 15–17 y.o. – in 23 city districts (49%), whereas the lower rate was in 25 (53%) and 24 (51%) city districts, respectively. In 2022, prevalence rates higher than the regional average for children aged 0–14 and 15–17 were observed in 18 city districts (38%), and lower — in 28 (60%) and 29 (61%) city districts, respectively, with a morbidity increase in 2 or more times in some city districts. Comparative epidemiological data on childhood obesity prevalence in different city districts of the MR were characterized by heterogeneity and significant variation in indicators. Conclusion: the overall prevalence of childhood obesity in 2022 versus 2012 has increased on average by 4%. The number of regions with an increase in the overall prevalence of obesity exceeded the number of regions with a decrease in this indicator. KEYWORDS: obesity, children, adolescents, incidence, prevalence, Moscow region. FOR CITATION: Bokova Т.А., Shishulina E.E., Bevz А.S., Kartashova D.A. Comparative analysis concerning the prevalence of childhood obesity in the Moscow region. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2024;7(1):51–57 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430- 2024-7-1-8.