Comparative Study Analysis Research Articles

Towards a Legal Regulation of Insurance Against Natural Disasters in Jordanian Legislation

Objectives: The current study aims at clarifying the legal solutions that can overcome the serious damage caused by natural disasters, within the framework of insurance contracts, and to clarify the mechanisms that enable insurance companies to cover natural disasters' risks. Theoretical Framework: In the first section, the concept of the insurance contract against natural disasters is explained, in the second section, the effects of the insurance contract against natural disasters are addressed while the third section, the confronting the effects of natural disasters' mechanisms are discussed. Methodology: This analytical comparative study addresses insurance against natural disasters in Jordanian legislation by reviewing and comparing the related legal texts in the compared legislations. Results: The study revealed a group of results, the most important among which include that introducing special system for insurance against natural disasters in Jordanian legislation requires that its content be based on the idea of social solidarity and also, the reinsurance process is also one of the means that can contribute to reducing the serious effects resulting from the occurrence of natural disasters. Recommendations: In light of the results revealed, the study concludes with a group of recommendations among which the necessity of formulating a special system for compulsory insurance of real estate properties built on the land of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan against the risks of natural disasters, in addition to the necessity of this system adopting a mechanism based on distributing the burden of compensating for damages resulting from the occurrence of these disasters on insurance companies on the one hand and reinsurance companies on the other hand, with the necessity of providing the necessary support from the state in this area.

Environmental pollution impact on the severity of some rheumatic diseases: a comparative analytical study on inflammatory and non-inflammatory samples

ObjectiveEnvironmental pollution of heavy metals is increasingly a problem and has become of great concern due to the adverse effects it causes worldwide. Heavy metal exposure has been implicated in health problems, including fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. We aim to evaluate the rule of chronic heavy metals toxicity on the induction of vitamin D3 (VD) deficiency and parathyroid hormone (PTH) disturbances in an inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-inflammatory disease like fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).MethodsThis comparative analytical study was conducted on sixty adults (age ≥ 18 years). Participants were divided into three groups. Group I: twenty patients diagnosed with RA according to the specific ACR/EULAR criteria for RA. Group II: twenty patients diagnosed with FMS according to the specific 2010 (ACR) criteria for FMS. Group III: twenty healthy adults. All patients and controls were subjected to routine laboratory tests as well as the measurement of PTH, VD and estimation of serum levels of lead, cadmium, and chromium.ResultsVD was significantly inversely correlated to PTH, lead, cadmium, chromium, and activity scores in the RA and FMS groups. Lead, Cadmium and Chromium had a significant independent risk on the VD level in RA patients, while lead had a significant independent risk on the VD level in FMS patients.ConclusionHeavy metals may affect VD synthesis, leading to hypovitaminosis D and secondary hyperparathyroidism in RA and FMS patients. Heavy metals play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA, FMS, and their disease activity.

Evaluation of lower extremity range of motion and muscle tightness in individual of age 18-20 years on performance of squat-to-stand and cross-legged sit-to-stand tests: A comparative-analytical study

Evaluation of lower extremity range of motion and muscle tightness in individual of age 18-20 years on performance of squat-to-stand and cross-legged sit-to-stand tests: A comparative-analytical study

An Exploratory Study on Integrative Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) was complicated disorder that results in pain and change in bowel habits. The major contributing factors to the onset and detoriation include stress and gastrointestinal problem. The women between 20 to 40 years were most commonly involved. The prevalence varies among countries that was affected by diet and diagnostic criteria. Objective: Compairing the efficacy of Mebeverine, Polyethylene Glycol with the combination therapy of Mebeverine and Polyethylene Glycol in Irritable Bowel Syndrome associated with Constipation. Methods: The comparative analytical study was conducted at the National Medical Centre, Karachi, and approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Bahria University Health Science Campus. Participants aged 15-50 with IBS were selected to reflect the target population. Observational data were collected based on the treatments they naturally received: Mebeverine, Polyethylene glycol, or a combination. Pain and constipation status were recorded at baseline (day 0) and after 24 days, analyzing the effectiveness of the treatments as they were administered in routine care settings. Results: The demographic data mentioned comparable age, weight, height, and gender distribution across the three groups. Constipation and pain status before and after varied considerably across the investigation time. There was substantial improvements by day 24 from the baseline in the combination therapy. Conclusions: The combination of Mebeverine and Polyethylene glycol reveals in managing IBS, with prominent improvements in constipation severity over the research duration. This highlights the importance of multimodal treatment methods in addressing the varied symptoms of IBS and enhancing the quality of life.

Islamic Socialism and Communist Socialism: A Review of Comparative Analytical Studies

The paper reviews studies that compare Communist Socialism and Islamic Socialism to explore how Islamic Socialism is a viable alternative to both Communism and Capitalism. It investigates the shortcomings of Capitalism, which caused the emergence of the idea of socialism. The paper also discusses the strong endorsement of Islamic Socialism by prominent Muslim scholars to inspire confidence in its legitimacy. The analysis reveals that Islamic revival movements that arose during the era of Western political domination emphasized values shared by Islam and the rest of the world and initiated the concept of Islamic Socialism. The principles of Socialism, such as the government’s ownership of productive units and the establishment of social welfare programs, align with Islamic teachings on social justice. In Islam, Zakat serves as a form of funding for welfare programs and social services, reflecting the religion's compassion and concern for the poor.

Detailed Analytical EPMA Study of the OPC Pastes Prepared with the Addition of Raw and Milled Fly Ashes

Concrete and cement pastes belong to the most used building materials in human history and represent a solidified mixture of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), water, course and fine-grained aggregates. Fly ash is used as a pozzolanic additive to improve concrete properties. The fly ash property can also be modified by various treatments such as milling or size reduction with sieving. It was suggested that a beneficial pozzolanic reaction with fly ash gives high mechanical properties. Such pozzolanic reaction results in calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phase formation. In this research comparative analytical EPMA study of the paste samples prepared with the addition of the milled and non-milled fly ashes has been performed to elucidate the pozzolanic reaction of the OPC with the milled and non-milled fly ashes. A higher pozzolanic reaction with CSH phase formation was observed in milled fly ash added paste.

Ovulation Induction Response in Non-Obese Versus Obese Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome at Fertility Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi

Background: More than 80% of premenopausal females presenting with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) have above average BMI. Obesity enhances the magnitude of hormonal and metabolic disturbances leading to anovulation. Objective: To validate the influence of obesity on response of ovulation induction by Clomiphene citrate in PCOS related subfertility. Methodology; Study Design & Setting: Comparative Analytical study at Fertility Clinic of Department of Obstet & Gynae, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Study Duration: Twelve months (Dec 2020-Dec 2021) Method: Rotterdam criteria was used to diagnose PCOS. WHO criteria of BMI=23 kg/m² cutoffs for Asian population was used to divide women in two groups; non-obese (Group-A < 23 kg/m²) and obese/overweight (Group-B ≥ 23 kg/m²). In both groups ovulation was induced with Clomiphene Citrate and response was assessed via ultrasound follicular tracking, Day 21 serum progesterone and serum B-HCG levels two weeks after the HCG injection. Results: Total participants were 200 (100 in each group). Mean age (years) in Group-A vs Group-B was 25.38 vs, 27.62 and mean BMI (kg/m²) was 20.82 vs 28.34 respectively. The frequent symptoms in Group-A Vs Group-B were Oligomenorrhoea (87% vs 97%) and amenorrhoea (13% vs 03%). P-value (0.009) was significant. Difference in Ultrasound features of PCOS and LH:FSH ratio in both groups were insignificant (P-value=0.214 and 0.316 respectively). The difference in almost all parameters of OI between the two groups was statistically significant. In Group-A vs Group-B; the presence of dominant follicle after Clomiphene citrate was 52% vs 34% (p value=0.01); Day 21 serum progesterone >30ng/ml was 21% vs 09% (p value=0.01); a positive serum β-HCG level >50 mIU/L 02 weeks after HCG administration was 12% vs 04% (p value=0.09). Conclusion: Obesity control and lifestyle modification are imperative for significant improvement in fertility outcomes for PCOS related subfertility.

Outcome Comparison of Multidirectional Locked Nailing and Plating for Distal Tibial Fractures: A Comparative Analytical Study

Introduction: This comparative analytical study explores the functional outcomes of treating distal tibial fractures using multidirectional locked nailing and plating. Distal tibia fractures, resulting from high-energy trauma, pose challenges due to soft tissue damage, infection risks, and potential unfavorable outcomes. Our study seeks to evaluate and contrast the functional results of treating distal tibial fractures using multidirectional locked nailing versus plating techniques. Materials and Methods: Conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital from August 2022 to October 2023, the study involved 20 cases meeting specific criteria. Adult patients (18-70 years) with closed fractures and grade I compound fractures of distal tibia (AO type 43-A1, 43-A2, and 43-A3) were included. The cases were evenly divided between multidirectional locked nailing and plating groups. Subsequent evaluations, comprising both radiographic and clinical analyses, were performed at 6, 12, and 24-week intervals. Results: The study encompassed various parameters, including age distribution, causes of fractures, weight-bearing protocols, and joint movements. Multidirectional locked nailing demonstrated a shorter fracture union time, promoting earlier weight-bearing and functional exercises. Ankle and knee scores in this group indicated successful joint function restoration but with a higher malunion rate. Plating exhibited a lower malunion rate but a prolonged time to union. Complications, including superficial infections and wound dehiscence, were observed, emphasizing the importance of postoperative monitoring. Despite challenges, the plate group achieved satisfactory functional outcomes, highlighting fair to good ankle scores and full knee movement in all cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study underscores the distinctive advantages and considerations of each treatment approach. Multidirectional locked nailing facilitates faster union and joint function restoration but carries a higher malunion risk. Plating, with a lower malunion rate, requires meticulous postoperative care. The choice between the two methods should be individualized, considering patient-specific factors, fracture characteristics, and the surgeon's expertise. This research contributes valuable insights for informed decision-making in distal tibia fracture treatment.

The Role of Banking Secrecy in Activating Bank Governance: A Critical Comparative Analytical Study

The Role of Banking Secrecy in Activating Bank Governance: A Critical Comparative Analytical Study

Toward the Design Structure of the Works of “Paul Delvaux” and “Abd Elhadi El Gazzar”; Comparative Analytical Study

Toward the Design Structure of the Works of “Paul Delvaux” and “Abd Elhadi El Gazzar”; Comparative Analytical Study

P019 HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE, HEALTH POLICY, AND GUIDELINES MAPPING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTIC STUDY ACROSS NINE AFRICAN COUNTRIES 2024

Background: Hypertension, a global burden, increases mortality from cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Worldwide, in 2019, an estimated 1.3 billion adults developed hypertension. In Africa, the cumulative estimated prevalence of hypertension is ∼30.8%. Main Objective: To perform a comparative analysis between African countries focusing on hypertension prevalence, health policy, and guidelines mapping. Methods: A descriptive comparative analytic study compared hypertension data from nine African countries: Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan, in 2024. Data included hypertension prevalence, health policy, guidelines’ mapping, and hypertension management responses. Mixed statistical methods of content analysis, percentages, means, and Spearman's correlations were used. Results: Hypertension prevalence varied from 27% in Ethiopia to 43% in Eswatini. Females consistently had higher prevalence than males, 30% in Ethiopia to 47% in Eswatini, suggesting gender-specific risk factors or disparities in healthcare access/utilization. Sudan had the second-highest prevalence 44%. Eswatini implemented strong blood pressure control measures, unlike Sudan. High prevalence was also found in countries with strong policies (Eswatini, Kenya, Nigeria, South Sudan), suggesting urgent improved healthcare delivery, policy enforcement, and addressing other risk factors. Ghana and Somalia had lower hypertension prevalence, though fewer policies. Spearman's test showed strong negative correlations between national responses and hypertension prevalence. Salt Intake Surveys had the strongest negative correlation (-0.707) with hypertension prevalence, highlighting countries like Ethiopia and Malawi with salt intake surveys and lower prevalence, reinforcing dietary factors’ effectiveness in managing hypertension. Kenya, Nigeria, and Ethiopia leverage trained non-physician health workers in hypertension management, thereby, improving treatment access and adherence. Treatment guidelines were moderately negatively correlated (-0.335) with hypertension prevalence. The mere presence of guidelines is insufficient, signifying their implementation and enhancement with targeted interventions Conclusions: These findings highlighted the multifaceted nature of hypertension in African countries which requires comprehensive approaches encompassing considerations of gender, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, salt reduction, policy implementation, healthcare access, and a unified African hypertension guideline.

Assessing the effects of horizontal loads on the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of energy piles: A comparative numerical and analytical study

Previous studies have not extensively explored the collective impact of lateral, axial, and thermal loading on the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of energy piles, qu. This study investigates qu values for energy piles in dry sandy and clayey soils under varying lateral loads and temperature conditions using numerical and analytical solutions, considering temperature-dependent variables. The numerical results were validated against experimental data. The analytical solution aligns well with numerical analyses, though it yields slightly higher qu values in sandy soil. Both numerical and analytical solutions show that cooling and heating can respectively increase and decrease qu under corresponding conditions. Numerical simulations indicate that in clay, lateral load enhances qu, with increases ranging from 8 % to 20 % across different thermomechanical conditions. In sand, the effect of lateral load depends on thermal conditions, increasing by 2 %–5 % during cooling and decreasing by 3 %–5 % during heating. The analytical solution showed that increasing lateral load would increase qu in sand by 0.5 %–2 % and in clay by 1 %–5 %, with a more significant increase in clay. Analytical and numerical parametric studies also revealed the higher influence of soil cohesion and pile diameter on qu values under different thermomechanical conditions.

Clinical and biological aspects of COVID-19 and diabetes in Mali from 2020 to 2023: A cross sectional analysis

Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities among COVID-19 deaths, at 20.45% and 17.42% respectively in Mali. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and biological aspects of COVID-19 and diabetes in Mali from 2020 to 2023. The present study constitutes a comparative cross-sectional analytical study that included 50 patients. Data were collected at home, in the form of individual interviews with patients. Findings indicate before the pandemic, 34% of patients were obese and 54% had uncontrolled diabetes. Arterial hypertension was the only macro-angiopathic complication found in patients, with an increase in frequency during the pandemic whereas respiratory distress was observed in 25% of patients during COVID-19 infection. This means that COVID-19 is as much a risk factor associated with diabetes as diabetes is a factor affecting patients' health.

Filing an Arbitration Award: An Analytical Comparative Study

Filing an Arbitration Award: An Analytical Comparative Study

Three Cylinder Seals Preserved in Iraq Museum "A Comparative Analytical Study and Publication for the First Time"

Three Cylinder Seals Preserved in Iraq Museum "A Comparative Analytical Study and Publication for the First Time"

The objectives of family rulings according to Dr. Wahba Al-Zuhaili (comparative analytical study )

The research presented to the reader entitled (The Purposes of the Family Laws of Dr. Wahba Al-Zuhaili - A Comparative Analytical Study), is part of the intentional jurisprudence that forms part of the huge heritage left by Wahba Al-Zuhaili - may God have mercy on him - in his writings and research. the means for family judgments and their analysis in the different stages; Before marriage, during marital life, the dissolution of marriage and the separation of spouses. By presenting the differences of scholars, with an explanation of Al-Zuhaili's positions, opinions and preferences, which include preserving the interests of the family on the one hand and warding off evil from it on the other hand, and in conclusion, a list of the most important results reached by the researcher.

Media treatment on the websites of Western news agencies directed to Arabs for the Israeli war on Gaza 2023: a comparative analytical study

Media treatment on the websites of Western news agencies directed to Arabs for the Israeli war on Gaza 2023: a comparative analytical study

Comparison of Different Genioplasty Techniques in Terms of Neurosensory Deficit and Haematoma Formation.

To compare different types of genioplasty techniques (chin advancement, rotation and advancement, setback, and reduction) in terms of neurosensory deficit and haematoma formation. Comparative analytical study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January 2022 to April 2023. Patients requiring genioplasty and fulfilling the inclusion criteria i.e. both genders aged 16-60 years were included and divided into 4 groups according to the type of genioplasty performed. Genioplasty was planned as per the ortho treatment plan and performed under general anaesthesia. Setback genioplasty was performed on 8 patients, advancement genioplasty on 11 patients, reduction genioplasty on 3, and advancement with rotation genioplasty on 16 patients. Postoperatively neurosensory deficit was recorded on follow-up after 1 month by subjective and objective assessments, and haematoma formation was assessed clinically on the 7th day after the procedure. Advancement with rotation genioplasty showed the highest frequency of neurosensory deficit (almost 50%) and reduction type genioplasty showed the least frequency of neurosensory deficit (<1%, p = 0.49). The frequency of haematoma formation was maximum in the advancement with rotation genioplasty (62.5%) and minimum in equal setback genioplasty (25%, p = 0.61). Advancement with rotation genioplasty had the highest rate of postoperative neurosensory deficit and haematoma formation when compared with other techniques of genioplasty. Genioplasty, Neurosensory deficit, Haematoma, Advancement with rotation genioplasty, Setback genioplasty.

The Legal Nature of the International Staff"Comparative Analytical Study"

International organizations carry out their multiple tasks through the international staff, who is considered the main driving force for implementing the work of these organizations on the ground. The use of the term "international staff" has increased due to the growing role of international organizations in recent times in addressing many problems, such as humanitarian displacement resulting from conflicts and armed disputes and the humanitarian problems resulting from the displaced population due to those conflicts. Additionally, the increasing phenomenon of armed gangs threatening international security and peace has led to an increased need to appoint international staff whom organizations use to manage their daily and ongoing work. Considering all of the above, this study addresses several issues, the most important of which is determining the legal nature of the international staff. The study is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the legal framework for the international staff, focusing on two aspects. The first aspect clarifies the nature of the international staff, the legal definition of the international staff, and the legal requirements that must be met. The second aspect discusses their rights and duties. The second section is dedicated to discussing the administrative and criminal responsibility of the international staff. It consists of two parts: the first part discusses disciplinary sanctions for the international staff, while the second part discusses the criminal responsibility of the international staff. The study concludes with several findings, the most important of which is that the international staff bears a significant resemblance in concept to the local public employee, with the difference being the employing entity. Furthermore, the study provides several recommendations, including the establishment of a clear legal foundation for the administrative and criminal responsibility of the international staff through national and international legislation, aiming to create a clear definition of the legal nature of the international staff.

Determining Efficacy of Intracanal Cryotherapy on Post Endodontic Pain in Irreversible Pulpitis

Endodontic cryotherapy is a procedure that reduces pain and inflammation by applying cold to tissues, aiming to decrease post-endodontic pain. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of cryo-treated endodontic irrigant in reducing post-endodontic pain in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. Methods: This comparative analytical study was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024 in the Department of Operative Dentistry at Lahore Medical and Dental College. It included patients of both genders, aged 18 to 60, with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars and pre-endodontic pain of VAS 7-10 for 10 days or less. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (normal saline) and Group B (cryotherapy). Patients were instructed on using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess pain. Group B received final irrigation with 20 ml normal saline at 2.5°C for 5 minutes, while Group A received 20 ml normal saline at room temperature. Pain scores were recorded preoperatively and at 24 and 48 hours’ post-treatment via telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and a repeated measures ANOVA test assessed VAS scores across time points. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: 45 (46%) were male and 53 (54%) were female patients, with mean age of patients being 35.71 ± 10.71years. At 24 hours postoperatively, the mean VAS score was 1.51 ± 1.2 for the normal saline group and 0.98 ± 0.9 for the cryo-treated saline group. By 48 hours postoperatively, the mean VAS score further decreased to 0.27 ± 0.5 for the normal saline group and 0.12 ± 0.4 for the cryo-treated saline group. The mean differences in VAS scores at 24 hours showed significant difference in mean pain score (P-value&lt;0.05) but at 48 hours between the two groups showed no significant difference (p = 0.104). Conclusions: Both saline groups significantly decreased pain, the type of saline, normal or cryo-treated, did not significantly impact overall pain scores differently between the groups.