Comparative Advantage Index Research Articles

Analysis of Sunflower and Oilseed Rape Competitiveness in the Conditions of Slovakia and Czech Republic

Abstract The paper primarily deals with the development of agriculture in the Slovak Republic and Czech Republic, analyzes the agricultural sector in the period 2012–2022 and examines in more detail agriculture, its plant production, especially oilseeds. Attention is given to brief information on the development and situation of the sunflower and oilseed rape, where we focus on the analysis of the development of selected indicators during the observed period, such as production, area sown, yields. Within our research we deal with the concept of competitiveness, using the appropriate indicators. Based on the data, via analysis we quantified the value of Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA) and Competitiveness Growth Index (RCA 1). The development of society and the opening of borders between individual states caused the development of foreign trade. Membership in the European Union meant for Slovak and Czech foreign trade the relinquishment of sovereignty in this areas and the adoption of a common trade policy that establishes rules for foreign trade within member countries, but also towards third countries. At the same time, however, Slovak Republic and Czech Republic gained access to the single internal market, which is of significant importance for foreign trade of countries.

Komoditas Dalam Skema Request - Offer Indonesia Dengan Taiwan: Analisis Inferensia Berdasarkan Database Tahun 2019

Bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Taiwan has better growth every year, while import tariffs imposed by Taiwan on Indonesia export commodities are still relatively high. This study aims to identify and analyze commodities included in the request-offer scheme between Indonesia and Taiwan based on 2019 database. Identification and analysis of annual growth value, equivalent ad valorem tariff, average export value, export share, average Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, and RCA trend are carried out through inferential analysis. Inferential analysis is needed to determine the commodities contained in the request-offer scheme of Indonesia and Taiwan that have good performance but are still subject to high import tariffs by their partner countries. Indonesia's export commodities to Taiwan which have a good performance while the import tariffs are still high are given by Taiwan to Indonesia as Indonesia's request scheme to Taiwan, namely: processed food (ofd); tobacco (b_t); vegetables, fruits, and nuts (v_f); and fishery commodities (fsh). Taiwan export commodities to Indonesia that have good performance but are still subject to high import tariffs by Indonesia are Indonesia's offer scheme to Taiwan, namely: manufacturing (lum); cosmetics (crp); miscellaneous edible preparations (ofd); and textiles (tex). Indonesia and Taiwan can increase bilateral cooperation in the field of international trade through barriers lowering schemes and transferring science and technology from each country.

Analyzing global competitiveness of Turkish air conditioning industry

The global economy significantly relies on the air conditioning sector, which has been gaining increased importance worldwide and in Türkiye due to the impact of global warming, climate change, and the diminishing energy resources. As a multifaceted industry encompassing air conditioning, heating, installation, insulation, refrigeration and ventilation sector has been adapting to the growing demand for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient solutions. This study analyzes air conditioning industry of Türkiye and its sub-product groups in terms of its ability to compete internationally, spanning from 2001 to 2021. To assess competitiveness, we employed various analytical tools, including Balassa's Revealed Comparative Advantages Index (RCA), Vollrath Indices (RXA, RMP, RTA, RC), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages Index (RSCA), Trade Balance Index (TBI), and Product Mapping method. Notably, there is no research that scrutinize the competitiveness of the Turkish air conditioning industry utilizing the Product Mapping. The study findings emphasize that air conditioning industry of Türkiye has competitiveness. Within the sub-product group, the analysis reveals that Türkiye has competitiveness for 11 products, a near-limit competitiveness for 3 products, and a lack of competitiveness for 10 products.

Investigation of Olive Production in Ten-Year Period in 1961-2021 Years

Despite its many nutritional characteristics, the number of countries producing olives is limited owing to the growing conditions. Because the olive is a drought-resistant plant, it is one of the fruits that are least affected by climate change. For this reason, in this study, the production areas and the changes in production among global leading olive producing countries were determined for 1961-2021 years. In addition, the Concentration Ratio (CR) and Herfindahl-Hirschman (HH) indices were used to determine the competitive situation in olive production in this study, while the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RXA) index was used in the competition in fruit production areas. According to research, while 32-33 countries produced olives in 1961-1980, the five leading countries were Italy, Spain, Greece, Turkey, and Portugal/Tunisia. In this period, the HH index was over 1.800, and the share of the five countries was approximately 83.55%. During the 1981-2010 periods 32-38 countries produced olives: Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, and Tunisia were the leading countries, while Spain was the premier country. According to the HHI, the market is a monopolistic competition, but according to the concentration ratios, it shows the characteristics of an oligopolistic market. Countries with competitive positions in olive production are listed from strong to weak, such as Tunisia, Greece, Morocco, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Turkey. While the number of countries producing olives has increased slightly in recent years, conspicuous matters worldwide have been climate change and technological developments in the last years. Considering these situations, countries that reduce costs in olive production and develop technologies that increase yield and quality from unit areas will be one step ahead of the competition. In addition, since this market is generally an oligopoly market, each prolific country will not be disadvantaged by closely following the activities of other countries.

Growth and Export Performance of Pineapple from India: An Economic Analysis

The present study was undertaken to know the growth and export performance of pineapple. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is a tropical fruit belonging to the Bromeliaceae family, and it is commercially cultivated worldwide as a high-value crop. India is the sixth largest producer in the world. The objective of the study was to elucidate the growth and export performance of the Pineapple from India.The secondary data for analysis was collected from AGMARKNET, National Horticultural Board (NHB) and Agricultural and Processed Food products Export Development (APEDA). The results of the growth rate revealed a positive and increasing trend in pineapple exports from India during the study period, with an annual growth rate of 9.78 percent in quantity and 6.39 percent in value, which is significant at a five percent level of probability. The results of the Cuddy Della Valle index indicated that pineapple exports from India exhibit moderate instability, with values of 17.17 and 19.90 percent in quantity and value terms, respectively. It reveals that the average Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) value for pineapple was 0.53, indicating a moderate level of export competitiveness. Throughout the entire period, it is evident that India did not demonstrate competitiveness in pineapple exports, as indicated by the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) values consistently being below unity and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) values being negative. The direction of the Indian pineapple trade was conducted using the Markov chain framework. Among the major importers, the United Arab Emirates stood out as one of the most stable markets with a high probability of retention at 0.624. Overall, Indian pineapple stands out as a reliable and competitive player in the global market, with a strong performance and potential for growth. Therefore, efforts should be focused on enhancing the quantity of exports while ensuring they meet the quality standards and align with the consumer preferences of other countries.

Analysis of the competitiveness and complementarity of China-Vietnam bilateral agricultural commodity trade.

Vietnam's agricultural exports to China have remained strong, with the country maintaining its position as the top destination for Agri-products. This article primarily utilizes the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index, and Trade Complementarity (TC) index to examine the trade comparative advantage, and the complementary of twenty major agricultural products between China and Vietnam from 2012 to 2021. The study results showed that Vietnam and China frequently exchange agricultural products. Vietnam has more stronger competitiveness than China in terms of agricultural products. China's exports to Vietnam were highly complementary to Vietnam's imports in category 0 whiles Vietnam's exports to China showed strong complementarity with China's imports in category 2. This paper analyzes the complementarity and comparative advantages of agricultural trade between China and Vietnam, and proposes informed suggestions for policy-making to promote agricultural trade between the countries. The proposed suggestions aim to expand agricultural trade between the two countries, reduce the trade imbalance, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.

Competitiveness of Mexican vanilla (Vanilla spp.) in the international market

Objective: To analyze the competitiveness of Mexican vanilla in the international market. Design/Methodology/Approach: The relative trade balance (RTB) and the revealed comparative advantage index (RCAI) were calculated to analyze the competitiveness of the Mexican vanilla in the international market. Both crushed and whole vanilla beans were evaluated. Results: Around 1% of the total vanilla area is harvested in Mexico, representing 6% of the world production volume. The Mexican market is competitive in the international whole vanilla beans market, but not in the case of crushed or ground vanilla. Study Limitations/Implications: The SIAVI portal was discontinued. Therefore, the international vanilla trade data could only be retrieved for the period ending on November 2021. Findings/Conclusions: The Mexican market has potential for the development of vanilla production. However, current production is practically absorbed by the local market.

Determinants of the competitiveness of world palm oil exports: A cointegration analysis

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of international palm oil prices, prices of its substitute and complementary goods, and the exchange rate on the competitiveness of 30 palm oil exporting countries over the period from 2011 to 2019, using monthly data. The symmetric comparative advantage index was estimated, and a convergence effect was found, whereby emerging countries exhibited greater specialization than industrialized countries. Unit root and cointegration tests were applied, in addition to FMOLS and DOLS methods. The analysis revealed that decreases in palm and vegetable oil prices, coupled with an increase in the exchange rate and prices of soybeans and biodiesel, enhanced the competitiveness of palm oil exports.

Analysis of the Impact of the United States' Decoupling of Trade with China on the Global Value Chain Division of China's Mechanical and Electrical Industry

This article matches the cases of China US trade frictions to various sub sectors of the electromechanical industry, considers the comparative advantage index of heterogeneous product quality, and uses regression analysis to simulate different scenarios of tariffs. It directly affects the participation of Chinese electromechanical products in the global value chain division of labor, and provides reasonable suggestions for maintaining the comparative advantage position of the electromechanical industry in the global division of labor. The conclusion of this article is as follows: 1. The decoupling and chain breaking measures taken by the United States towards China have had an impact on China's global value chain division of labor in the electromechanical industry, and overall have suppressed its comparative advantage position; 2. The decoupling and chain breaking measures have a more significant impact on the global value chain division of labor in the electromechanical industry in recent times; 3. It is suggested to timely promote measures to extend, strengthen, and supplement the supply chain, and build a unified national factor market to mitigate the negative impact of the United States' decoupling and block chain measures.

A Study on the Competitiveness and Influencing Factors of the Digital Service Trade

In today’s digital era, the rapidly escalating digital service industry plays a crucial role in the country’s economic development. However, compared to the countries that are a part of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the competitiveness level of China’s digital service trade still needs to be improved. This paper aims to know the differences in the competitiveness of the digital service trade between China and CPTPP countries and explore the factors affecting competitiveness in both exports and imports to improve China’s competitiveness level and narrow the gap with CPTPP, thereby promoting its accession process. This paper first uses China and CPTPP countries’ 2010–2022 import and export volume of digital service data to calculate each country’s revealed comparative advantage index, trade competitiveness index, market share, and Michaely fluctuation index indicators, further comparing the comprehensive level of competitiveness between countries. Then, based on the diamond theory, multiple regression analyses will be conducted based on the factors influencing digital service trade competitiveness and using the indicator data of influencing factors in each country for 2010–2021. The conclusions show that China’s digital service trade competitiveness ranked relatively high among CPTPP countries. The competitiveness of imports and exports of the digital service trade is influenced positively by several factors, including the degree of trade freedom, government efficiency, the number of fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people, and the industry’s openness. The value of exports of trade in goods has a positive effect on export competitiveness, the enrolment rate in tertiary education has a positive effect on import competitiveness, and the ratio of employed in the service sector to the total employed has a dual effect, facilitating export competitiveness and inhibiting import competitiveness.

A comparative study of Indian and Chinese textile and clothing exports in post-MFA environment

Purpose This paper aims to examine and compare the export performance and competitiveness of Indian and Chinese textile and clothing industry in post-multifibre arrangement (MFA) era. Design/methodology/approach Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage Index is used to assess the competitiveness of Indian and Chinese textile and clothing exports. Findings The results indicate that China’s textiles and garments sector holds a greater proportion of the global market compared with India. India has a robust comparative advantage in silk, carpets and cotton post-MFA. Vegetable textile fibers, paper yarn and woven fabrics of paper yarn are also competitive. China had a strong comparative advantage in silk and fabrics; special woven fabrics, tafted textile fabrics, lace, tapestries, trimmings and embroidery in 2005. China also recorded comparative advantage in silk, man-made filaments: strip and the like of man-made textile materials, fabrics; special woven fabrics, tafted textile fabrics, lace, tapestries, trimmings and embroidery and fabrics; knitted or crocheted in 2021. Research limitations/implications This study’s results and recommendations could assist the Indian and Chinese Governments develop policies to upgrade their garment industries. Originality/value Though vast literature reviews are available for textile and apparel export performance in India and China separately, there are few studies on comparisons. This study is a significant attempt to evaluate India and China’s competitiveness in the global market.

EUROPE UNION BAN ON PALM OIL: THE TREND OF PALM OIL COMPETITIVENESS AND THE CO-INTEGRATION ON THE SOYBEAN AND RAPESEED OIL

Palm oil highly demanded in global trade and expected to gain more demand in the future market. The primary concern regarding palm oil production is its environmental impact. The issue that is focused on in this study the European Union to promote the banning of oil palm in the world market in 2018 and the European parliament decided to ban palm oil for biofuel used. The Europe Union also promoted soybean and rapeseed as replacement for the banned of palm oil in Europe market. Therefore, this study aims for the effect toward the competitiveness using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetrical Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indices among the major crude palm oil exporters especially within 1991 to 2020 period of years. Moreover, this study also clarified the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration for the soybean and rapeseed oil toward the competitiveness for 2 largest palm oil exporters in the world from 1989 to 2021.

Are China’s Renewable Energy Products Competitive in the Context of RCEP?

In recent years, in order to address climate change and energy depletion, countries around the world have been constantly promoting energy transformation and structural upgrading. The effectiveness of RCEP has broadened the international east Asian new energy market. The development of renewable energy trade in the context of RCEP has attracted significant economic, environmental, and technical attention. Based on the background of RCEP in this study, the constant market share (CMS) model and the weighted dominant comparative advantage (IRCA) index are used to assess the export competitiveness of renewable energy products from 2006 to 2021. The data in this paper were obtained from the UN comtrade database according to the categorical statistics of HS codes. The results show that: (1) the overall competitiveness of Chinese renewable energy products shows an upward trend; (2) the comparative advantages of Chinese renewable energy products are strong, with some differences among different industries; (3) the growth effect is the main reason for the fluctuation of Chinese renewable energy product exports; and (4) the signing of RCEP has injected new vitality into Chinese renewable energy trade. Finally, based on the research conclusions, the paper puts forward corresponding policy proposal.

Price Distortions and Competitiveness of Cotton Production in Pakistan

The research is conducted to determine the cotton price distortions, as well as competitiveness at national and international levels. National competitiveness has been measured by using the nominal protection coefficient (NPC) and benefit-cost ratios for the period 2008-09 to 2018-19. To gauge international competitiveness, trade base indices under the revealed comparative advantage approach are used. A comparison of the international competitiveness of Pakistan with major cotton-exporting countries has also been made. The results of this research revealed that at the national level cotton producers in Pakistan faced implicit taxation for most of the years during the study period, as NPCi averaged at 0.87 as an import substitution crop. Export parity prices were slightly less or equal to the domestic prices by varying degrees as NPCe averaged at 1.06. The production cost grew at the rate of 12.3% per annum, while cotton output prices grew at the rate of 8.4 percent per annum. Consequently, a decrease was registered in the benefit-cost ratio during the study period. Pakistan has experienced comparative and competitive advantage for cotton as indicated by results of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices. A comparison of Pakistan’s indices with main exporters/competitors demonstrated that Pakistan has a relatively higher comparative and competitive advantage for cotton. However, Pakistan’s international competitiveness exhibited a declining pattern since 2011-12. This result is consistent with the national level scenarios as the benefit-cost ratio has declined over this period. It can be concluded that productivity growth and a reduction in input costs are needed to improve overall competitiveness in cotton production and trade.

Competitiveness of mexican pecans [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K.Koch] and almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb] in the international market

Objective: Measurement and analysis of the competitiveness of Mexican pecan nuts (Carya illinoinensis) and almonds (Prunus dulcis) in the international market with respect to the United States, during the period 2012-2021. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Revealed Comparative Advantage Index was used to identify the factors that influence its performance and propose strategies to improve its market position. Results: Mexican pecans to the United States are competitive (0.68 to 0.94) over the years. The IVCR of Mexican pecans to the United States remain consistently above zero (0.68 to 0.94) over the years. Study Limitations/Implications: Information on the trade of Mexican pecan nuts and almonds may be limited, making it difficult to calculate the IVCR. Findings/Conclusions: Mexican pecan nut shows favorable competitiveness in the U.S. market while almond its competitiveness is limited, it is not competitive with respect to the market.

Export Performance of Indonesian Processed Tuna Commodities in the Japanese Market

Tuna commodity is globally competitive, but its performance is still below its competitor country, namely Thailand and is starting to compete with other countries, namely the Philippines, Vietnam and China. This study aims to evaluate the competitiveness performance and analyze the demand for processed tuna commodities in the Japanese market. Export competitiveness analysis is processed using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index and the Revealed Competitiveness Advantage (RC) index. The level of competition and export demand will be analyzed using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model. The results showed that the export performance of Indonesian processed tuna commodities was comparatively and competitively competitive in the Japanese market. The demand for Indonesian processed tuna commodities in the Japanese market has fulfilled the demand theory. Indonesian processed tuna is a normal item for Japanese consumers. For Indonesia, processed tuna from competitor countries Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, and China are substitute goods. Thus, an increase in prices in these four countries will increase Indonesia's share.

ANALISIS PEST : KAJIAN PADA CRUDE PALM OIL INDONESIA

Palm Oil is an important commodity and has a strategic role in the Indonesian economy. Palm oil derivative products have a good prospect. The utilization of palm oil is widely used as a basic ingredient of medicines and healthcare industry. The previous research showed Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index of palm oil Indonesia above 1. RCA> 1 indicates this product has competitiveness, but it’s still needs to be improved. This study analyzes the condition of macro environment that influences the development of palm oil derivative products. Politic, Economics, Social, and Technology (PEST) analysis can provide a broad picture of the influence of external factors that are important for palm oil. The PEST analysis results show that political, economic, and social impacts have a high impact on the palm oil industry, while technology has a moderate impact. The high impact of the economic and social conditions on macro environment are some great opportunities for further development. Seeing this, it is necessary to concentrate on one major segment and sharpen its as a strategy.

MEASURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TÜRKİYE'S INDUSTRIES AGAINST THE EUROPEAN UNION ACCORDING TO THE TECHNOLOGY INTENSITY: AN EVALUATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CUSTOMS UNION REVISION

Identifying the industries with competitive power and knowing their places in the world market regarding proper policy implementations is essential. This paper aims to determine the normalized competition levels of Türkiye against the European Union (EU) countries in the context of industries with different technology intensities and to evaluate these industries within the scope of the planned Customs Union revision. For this purpose, firstly, the static comparison of Ballassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage (BRCA) index is calculated for 1990-2021. After, the dynamic comparison of Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index is calculated for 1990-2021. Analysis was made by considering the temporal comparison variation of NRCA. According to the research findings, the Customs Union adversely affects competitiveness in low and medium-low technology sectors where Türkiye is competitive. The results show the importance and necessity of the Customs Union revision.

Sensing the multi-scale landscape functions heterogeneity by big geodata from parcel to urban agglomerations-a case of the Greater Bay Area, China

ABSTRACT Multi-scale landscape functions play a critical role in revealing intricate functional structures within large regions. However, previous studies on landscape functions have predominantly focused on a single macro or micro scale, impeding a holistic multi-scale understanding of the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of landscape functions. To address this gap, this study proposes a framework leveraging the power of big geodata to mine multi-scale landscape functions from parcel to entire urban agglomerations, as well as non-administrative divisions. Our study focuses on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Firstly, we integrated multi-source big geodata to derive parcel-scale landscape functions. Subsequently, we employed the Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage index to derive landscape functions at broader scales, including towns, counties and cities. The effectiveness of our approach is validated through in-field investigations and comparisons with established policy planning positions. The outcomes not only offer distinctive planning insights at various scales but also highlight the versatility of big geodata in extracting landscape functions across scales. This study demonstrates that big geodata is adept at uncovering multi-scale landscape functions irrespective of administrative boundaries, providing valuable insights for fostering multi-scale regional coordinated development.

TÜRKİYE'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN THE TEXTILE SECTOR: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH THE WORLD'S TOP TEXTILE EXPORTER COUNTRIES

The textile industry plays a pioneering role in the development of developing countries. Türkiye in Eurasia, Germany and Italy in Europe, the United States in North America, China, India, Pakistan, Twain ve South Korea in Asia are among prominent countries in the textile sector. The textile industry maintains its importance in developed countries as well as developing countries. The aim of this study is to examine the competitiveness of the textile sector, which is one of the locomotive sectors in Türkiye and its export performance over rival countries which are the prominent countries in the textile export in the world market. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index and Comparative Export Performance (CEP) Index were used in this study. RCA and CEP indices were calculated using data obtained from Uncomtrade database for the period 2001-2020. According to the calculated Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index results, It was determined that Türkiye had a competitive advantage in two-digit textile product group SITC 65 and in 7 of the 9 three-digit sub-product groups SITC (652, 653, 655, 656, 657,658, 659) had a competitive advantage, while the competitiveness in the SITC 651 sub-product group remained at the marginal limit. According to result of Comparative Export Performance Index, It was seen that Turkey has an advantage in export against all analyzed countries except Pakistan in SITC two-digit textile product group