Comparative Advantage Index Research Articles

The Impact of Changes in the RMB Exchange Rate on the Export Competitiveness of China's Textiles and Clothing Industry

In recent years, the export volume of China's textiles and clothing industry and its international market share have increased year by year. Under such circumstances, studying the export status of China's textiles and clothing is conducive to further promoting the development of its textiles and clothing industry. This paper establishes a model based on the annual Revealed Comparative Advantage Index of China's textiles and clothing industry from 2000 to 2021, the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar, and the annual data of GDP. This paper then tests its stability, and continues to carry out the co-integration test and Granger-Causality under the condition that the data is stable in the same order to judge the relationship between the change of RMB exchange rate and the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index of China's textiles and clothing. Research shows that for every 1% appreciation of the nominal exchange rate of the RMB against the US dollar, the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index of China's textiles and clothing industry will increase by 0.0009647%. The rise of the RMB exchange rate has a certain effect on the RCA of China's textiles and clothing industry, and the results of Granger-Causality also show that the RMB exchange rate is the reason for RCA in China's textiles and clothing industry.

The analysis of vegetable and fruit export competitiveness of the Republic of Srpska

The aim of this research is an analysis of the Republic of Srpska's export competitiveness in vegetables and fruit on international markets. Two main evaluation indices were used, namely the trade competitiveness (TC) index and the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index to measure and analyze the international position of vegetables and fruit during 2015 – 2022. Both indicators were calculated based on statistical data on foreign trade in vegetables and fruit between the Republic of Srpska and the world, EU, and CEFTA countries, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Vegetables and fruit participate with 7.17% and 15.41% in the total export of the Republic of Srpska’s agri–food sector. Analysis of the export structure of this sector showed an average share of vegetables and fruit of 12.04% and 9.43% in the EU market, i.e., 1.63% and 9.65% in the CEFTA market. The results indicate strong export competitiveness of the Republic of Srpska in vegetables concerning the world and EU markets, but weak export competitiveness in relation with the CEFTA countries. The Republic of Srpska recorded strong export competitiveness in fruit on the world and CEFTA market, while poor export competitiveness in the EU market. Within these two product groups on the world market, cucumbers, apples, pears, and plums achieved strong export competitiveness. Cucumbers and plums were two leading products regarding strong export competitiveness On the EU market, while apples and pears were on the CEFTA market. Considering the favourable agroecological conditions for the production of vegetables and fruit, the Republic of Srpska should continue to promote production and foreign trade in these traditional products and improve their competitiveness on international markets.

Tariff Negotiations Under Free Trade Agreements: The Case of Mongolia and the Republic of Korea

One of the principal reasons for the establishment of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) between countries is to negotiate the reciprocal reduction and/or elimination of customs tariffs. According to Mongolian law, the Customs General Administration of Mongolia (CGAM) is responsible for determining the optimal rate and amounts of customs duties. As such, it plays a leading role in the negotiation of tariffs and the implementation of FTAs with partner countries. This paper examines the legal text of tariff negotiations and the modality of reducing tariffs, and determines specific goods of interest for tariff negotiations within the framework of the agreement between Mongolia and the Republic of Korea (ROK), based on analysis of the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The results of the analysis show that, during the negotiation process, Mongolia should focus on textiles and apparel, as well as agricultural production, while the ROK should concentrate on automobiles, items of machinery and their parts, tobacco, cosmetics and noodles. This study should prove useful to Mongolian Customs experts and tariff negotiation team members, trade policy makers and domestic producers.

Impact of Economic Integration on Trade: A Case Study of Pakistan

Purpose: This paper tends to examine the impact of economic integration on trade for Pakistan. It studied all trade agreements of Pakistan with partner and non-partner nations. We test whether the trade creation (TC) and trade diversion (TD) effects on trade flows are same across for the members and non-member countries. Also, we have measured comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage. Design/Methodology/Approach: We have used correctly specified gravity model on the data of imports and exports of Pakistan starting from 1988 till 2020. We have also used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index in this research work. Findings: The results revealed from the RCA index shows that Pakistan recorded comparative advantage in most of the commodity group and less comparative disadvantage. Similarly, Pakistan is enhancing trade with partner and non-partner nations in majority of the commodity groups respectively. Implications/Originality/Value: We may conclude that Pakistan is having trade creation with its partner countries and non-partner countries in most of the agreements.

An Analysis of Bilateral Trade Relation between Turkey and Russia: Challenges and Opportunities of Russia-Ukraine War

Purpose: This study examines Turkey's bilateral trade intercourse with Russia in order to identify potentialities and problems for Turkey caused by the Russia-Ukraine War. Method/Design/Methodology/Approach: In the course of the study, with the help of descriptive statistics and calculations of trade indices such as trade intensity and trade complementarity indices, the current state of Russian-Turkish trade was examined. Afterwards, commodity sectors in which supply is expected to fall due to international companies’ suspension of businesses were identified. Next, the revealed comparative advantage index and its dynamic form were calculated to assess Turkey's potentialities to export commodities of the identified sectors to Russia and to highlight commodities groups where export policy should be improved. Thus, the study considers Russia and Turkey not as competitors, but as partners. Findings: It has been concluded that the countries have tight-connections and, to a certain extent, are dependent on one another. Both Russia and Turkey can benefit from further intensifying bilateral trade and improving partnership in other spheres as well. Originality: There is substantial literature comparing Russia and Turkey with other countries, trade blocks or with each other, mainly these two countries are counterposed from a competition perspective. This article, on the contrary, evaluates how cooperation and bilateral trade can improve the economic situation of both Russia and Turkey.

Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Zoning Based on the Plan for Major Function-oriented Zones：A Case Study of Counties in the Yellow River Basin

Exploring the spatiotemporal differentiation of the carbon budget and clarifying the zoning of carbon compensation based on the perspective of the main function-oriented zones is of great significance for promoting regional low-carbon development and achieving the "dual carbon" goal. This study was conducted using 550 counties in the Yellow River Basin as the basic unit, and based on the concentration index to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon absorptions in the main function-oriented zones of the Yellow River Basin, a four-dimensional benchmark framework for carbon compensation zoning was constructed by total scale, economic contribution, ecological carrying capacity, and land development intensity. The SOM-K-means algorithm was used to establish a differentiated carbon compensation zoning scheme. The results showed that： ① The carbon emissions and carbon absorptions and their growth trends of the main function-oriented zones in the Yellow River Basin were in line with the positioning of the main functional area, and the significant space-time distribution characteristics of the concentration level of carbon emissions and carbon absorptions were shown. ② Significant regional differences exist in the four attributes of total carbon emissions scale, economic contribution, ecological carrying capacity, and land development intensity. The overall scale of carbon emissions showed a growth trend, with obvious comparative advantages in the midstream and downstream. The overall comparative advantage of economic contribution increased first and then decreased, with the midstream and downstream being the attribute advantage areas of economic contribution. The overall ecological carrying capacity had been improved, and the upstream had obvious advantages in ecological carrying properties. The advantageous areas for land development were mainly concentrated in the midstream and downstream； in particular, the comparative advantage index in the midstream was showing a rapid upward trend. ③ Moreover, there were 287 compensated areas, 78 balanced areas, and 185 payment areas in the Yellow River Basin. Eleven types of carbon compensation zones were finally formed by combining the comparative advantage index of four types of attributes with the plan for main function-oriented zones, and corresponding low-carbon development strategies were proposed for each type of zone.

Identification of Priority Areas for Carbon Compensation in Chongqing Based on the Difference in Land Use Carbon Budget

This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal patterns and balance characteristics of land use carbon budget, measure the value of carbon compensation, and delineate carbon compensation type zoning to provide scientific reference for further strengthening the connection between the construction of an ecological compensation system and the "dual carbon" target task. Based on the land cover data of Chongqing from 2000 to 2020, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics and balance relationship characteristics of the land use carbon budget. By using the revised carbon compensation model to measure the horizontal compensation standards, the normalized revealed comparative advantage （NRCA） index and K-means clustering analysis method were used to divide the carbon compensation area. The research results demonstrated that： ① the total land use carbon sequestration in Chongqing grew slowly from 2000 to 2020, whereas carbon emissions continued to increase significantly, and the net carbon emissions showed a distribution pattern of "high in the center and low in the two wings." ② The average coefficient of variation in Chongqing was 0.602, and the carbon emission economy contributive coefficient and carbon ecological support coefficient were concentrated between 0.64-1.14 and 0.00-32.86, respectively. The difference in the contribution of carbon emissions and economic benefits between districts and counties was relatively small, but there was a mismatch between carbon supply and demand. ③ A significant spatial difference existed in the value of carbon compensation, with a total of 1.098 billion yuan in carbon payment and 634 million yuan in carbon compensation, respectively. Moreover, it was ultimately determined that there were eight key payment areas, seven general payment areas, three key compensation areas, and 20 general compensation areas. In conclusion, the research results can provide a reference for implementing differentiated development strategies in different types of carbon compensation regions, improve the collaborative governance capacity of the regional ecological environment, and promote the achievement of carbon neutrality goals.

India's Tea Export Potential: Stirring up Global Trade Opportunities

India's tea industry, a significant player in the global market, is poised for growth amidst evolving trade dynamics. This paper explores India's tea export potential by examining production, export trends, and competitiveness on a global scale. In 2022, global tea production reached 6,422 million kilograms, with China and India being the largest producers, while Kenya led in exports. India, the second-largest producer and fourth-largest exporter, shipped tea worth approximately USD 706 million, primarily to the UAE, Iraq, Russia, the USA, and the UK. Methodologically, this study utilizes a gravity model with PPML estimation to analyze India's tea exports to 173 trading partners from 2004 to 2021, addressing zero trade observations. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indices are employed to assess competitiveness, revealing an upward trend in India's comparative advantage. Transitional probabilities provide insights into shifting trade patterns, indicating significant market instability in countries like Germany and the UK. The analysis also includes estimation results highlighting the impact of GDP, geographical distance, population, and other factors on India's tea exports. Results demonstrate that India has considerable potential to expand tea exports to 118 countries, with high prospects in Uzbekistan, the USA, France, Hong Kong, and Italy. Current export strategies focus on saturated markets, underscoring the need to explore untapped regions to maximize trade opportunities. This study highlights the necessity for India to diversify its export destinations to enhance its global trade footprint and leverage its growing competitiveness in the tea sector.

Trade Complementarity and Substitutivity between China and Nigeria in Exports: Evidence from the Data in 1996-2022

This study examined the China and Nigeria’s export relations with a view to determining the mutuality of the trade benefits to both countries. Using data for the period 1996 to 2022 from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) database, the paper estimated four distinct measures of trade relations (the revealed comparative advantage index, the trade integration index, the complementarity index and the export similarity index) and then analyzed the effect of trade complementarity and substitutivity on exports of Nigeria and China respectively. Based on the findings, China’s top export destination in sub-Saharan Africa is Nigeria, and one of Nigeria’s top export destinations globally is China. Furthermore, the comparative advantage index showed that China has a comparative advantage in manufactured goods, capital goods, consumer goods, intermediate goods, and mechanical and electrical goods, whereas Nigeria has a comparative advantage in fuels and basic materials. Meanwhile, Nigeria’s trade integration index showed that Nigeria’s trade connections to China are weak, while China’s trade integration index showed that its ties to Nigeria are strong. This implies that China depends less on Nigeria’s exports and that Nigeria is more dependent on China’s exports. In addition, Nigeria’s and China’s export structures differed significantly, but it was determined that these trade links are advantageous to both parties and increased their respective export trade. However, the two countries’ trade rivalry will jeopardize their mutual benefits from trade in addition to sharply lowering the volume of their respective exports.

Unveiling the dynamic evolution of comparative advantage: assessing the competitiveness of China’s main winter and spring vegetable production regions

IntroductionChina is the world’s largest producer and consumer of vegetables, with all provinces, cities, and autonomous regions cultivating vegetables. The main production areas for winter and spring vegetables have higher accumulated temperatures, allowing for multiple planting seasons throughout the year. Therefore, this article examines the competitiveness of vegetable production in China’s main winter and spring vegetable producing areas from the perspective of the dynamic evolution of comparative advantages.MethodsDrawing on statistical data from 2000 to 2018 on the development of the vegetable industry in these key provinces, our analysis incorporates methods such as the Resource Endowment Coefficient, the Comprehensive Comparative Advantage Index, the entropy method, and systematic cluster analysis to explore the evolution of competitive advantages in vegetable production across various provinces and cities.Results and discussionThe findings reveal significant regional disparities in resource endowments and overall advantages in vegetable production during the winter and spring seasons. Notably, Chongqing, Hubei Province, and Shanghai exhibit a Resource Endowment Factor (EF) averaging above 1, indicating a relative abundance of production resources and a comparative advantage. Similarly, Hainan Province, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province, Fujian Province, Shanghai, and Zhejiang Province each demonstrate an average Comprehensive Advantage Index (AAI) exceeding 1, affirming their comprehensive comparative strengths. Overall, the competitiveness of vegetable production in these regions exhibits a fluctuating yet ascending trend, with notable disparities in competitive strengths across different areas. The ranking of annual average competitiveness scores in vegetable production is as follows: Shanghai > Zhejiang > Hubei > Hunan > Guangdong > Sichuan > Chongqing > Fujian > Guangxi > Jiangxi > Hainan > Yunnan. Based on these outcomes, the study proposes tailored strategic recommendations for provinces and cities according to their unique resource endowments and comparative advantages, aiming to enhance the sector’s productivity and competitive stance.

Spatiotemporal evolution of carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin

As a crucial industrial, agricultural, and energy base in China, the urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) have faced increasingly significant pressure for carbon emission reduction since the implementation of the “Dual Carbon” strategy. This study focuses on 615 counties within the major urban agglomerations in the YRB, analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon budget in land use from 2000 to 2020. Methods such as the normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) index and SOM-K-means model are employed to explore the carbon compensation zoning of counties in the urban agglomerations in the YRB from the perspective of main functional zones. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, there was a significant and continuous widening gap between carbon emissions and carbon absorption in the study area. The total carbon emissions increased significantly from 3.64 × 108 to 13.56 × 108 t, showing a “north high, south low” spatial distribution pattern. Meanwhile, the carbon absorption remained stable at around 6.47 × 107 t, with a spatial distribution pattern roughly characterized by “higher in the west, lower in the east, and highest in the central part”. The carbon budget of various types of functional zones generally aligns well with their strategic positioning. (2) There is a significant regional difference in net carbon emissions among urban agglomerations, with the greatest internal variation observed in the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration (Gw = 0.471) and the most notable differences between the Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration and others (Gb = 0.554). (3) The study area consists of 273 payment zones, 257 balanced zones, and 85 compensated zones. Combining with the reconstruction of main functional areas, seven types of carbon compensation zones are identified.

Competitiveness of the La Libertad region in agricultural exports, Peru, 2011-2023

The increasing global demand for high-value agricultural products emphasises the need to understand regional export competitiveness. The study aimed to evaluate La Libertad’s comparative advantages in agricultural exports from 2011 to 2023. By employing the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Comparative Advantage (ECA), and Import Comparative Advantage (ICA) indices, alongside Porter’s Diamond, the region’s performance and the determinants of competitiveness across 11 key export products were analysed. These products include fruits such as blueberries, avocados, and grapes, as well as vegetables such as asparagus and piquillo peppers. The analysis revealed strong ECAs for fruits and vegetables, with values ranging from 1.56 to 7.08, and a promising specialisation in cane sugar (RCA of 1.28). The findings indicate that most of these products possess strong to moderate comparative advantages in international markets, with products like blueberries and avocados leading in competitiveness. However, certain challenges remain, including the need for strategic business management and technological innovation to maintain and improve the sector’s competitiveness. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptation to ensure the sustainability and growth of Peru’s agro-export sector. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and regional planners seeking to enhance La Libertad’s agricultural export potential

Evolution and Drivers of Production Patterns of Major Crops in Jilin Province, China

Exploring the evolution of the production patterns of major crops and their driving factors can provide new ideas to ensure the security of supply of important agricultural products. This study selected four major crop types in Jilin Province—grain, oil crop, vegetable, and fruit—as research subjects. Using the center of gravity migration model, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and comparative advantage index, the spatial and temporal evolution of these crops’ production patterns from 2000 to 2020 was examined. A geographically weighted regression model was employed to analyze driving factors. The results showed that the planting area of grain was the most extensive; the percentage of production of grain, oil crop, and fruit increased to different degrees; the unit area yield of the four crops increased. The centers of gravity of all four crops’ productions were located in the central-northwestern region of Jilin Province. The global Moran’s I was positive for all four crops’ productions. The comparative advantage characteristics of the four crops were closely related to the natural geographical environment. Grain, vegetable, and fruit production were significantly and positively correlated with fertilizer application, and the most significant factor affecting oil crop production was land input intensity.

Indonesia’s Potential Trade Flow to EAEU Countries: The Gravity Model Approach

This research aims to examine the Indonesia’s potential trade flow to EAEU countries using Augmented Gravity Model with Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator, revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index, and constant market share analysis (CMSA) index on trade flows data for the period 2002-2022. The results indicates that trade relation between Indonesia and EAEU countries align with Heckscher-Ohlin Theory of trade, which states that dissimilar countries tend to trade more. Furthermore, the finding emphasizes the importance of Indonesia-EAEU preferential trade agreement to reduce or eliminate tariffs which otherwise will increase trade between both parties.

POST-SAFTA INTRAREGIONAL TRADE BETWEEN INDIA AND SAARC

India plays a vital role in improving bilateral relations within SAARC. Since intra-regional trade is one of the major areas of cooperation, multilateral trade agreements among the regional members have been implemented for trade in merchandise. The paper examines the post-SAFTA extent of trade between India and SAARC members grouped under Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and Non-Less Developed Countries (NLDCs). Data for the period 2007-2021 were collected from IMF, DOTS. Percentages, Trade Intensity Index (TII) and Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA Index) have been employed to study the research objectives. Percentages and TII reveal that India constitutes 80 percent of the intra-SAARC export with its trade concentrated with the LDCs, exhibiting greater trade intensity with Bhutan and Nepal. Further, SAARC being an agrarian region, the analysis of RCA Index on data from Trade Map, (ITC) indicate that India enjoys greater comparative advantage in its export of agricultural products to LDCs, especially Afghanistan and Bangladesh, and with Pakistan among the NLDCs. KEY WORDS: Intra-SAARC trade, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index, Trade Intensity Index (TII).

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF THE TURKISH MINING SECTOR: A WORLDWIDE AND BRICS COUNTRIES COMPARISON

It is irrefutable that the mining sector, which has played an essential role in the development of civilizations throughout history and has been one of the vital elements of the Industrial Revolution, made outstanding contributions to shaping humanity in the last two centuries. The demand for mining assets, which have particular importance due to the inputs they provide to the manufacturing industry, is increasing day by day, and this increases their value even more. In addition to its high added value and employment creation capacity, the mining sector significantly contributes to the national economy as a unique sector that accelerates regional development. Due to the importance of the mining sector in the Turkish economy, its employment creation, and its export share, the competitive dynamics and performance persistence have received considerable scholarly attention. The study's main aim is to investigate the competitiveness of the Turkish and BRICS countries' mining industries in international markets. Accordingly, using the annual import and export data between 2017 and 2022, indices of the Disclosed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Relative Export Advantage Index (RXA), Relative Import Advantage Index (RMA), Relative Trade Advantage Index (RTA), Export Specialization Index (ES), Export Similarity Index (XS), Relative Competitive Advantage Index (RC) and Grubel-Lloyd Index (GLI) were calculated, and the sector competitiveness was evaluated. The results reveal a consistent low competitive advantage globally and specifically compared to BRICS countries. While there have been occasional improvements, Turkish mining sector faces disadvantages in exports, imports, and overall trade compared to both the world and BRICS countries.

The Revealed Comparative Advantage of Agri-Food Industries in Selected Countries in the Central and Eastern Europe: Gross-Versus Value-Added Trade Flows

The aim of the article is to interrogate comparative advantage of agrarian and food processing sectors in the context of the agri-food global value chains in particular countries in the Central and Eastern Europe using gross trade and value-added trade data from TiVA database. The Normalized revealed comparative advantage index (NRCA) was applied to analyze comparative (dis)advantage of agrarian and food processing sectors from 1995 to 2020. The article contributes twofold: First, NRCA pairs of indices calculated using gross trade and value-added trade data are mostly consistent. The analysis identifies for what areas and countries there is a discrepancy; second, it reveals comparative advantage of agrarian and food processing sectors in each country separately. It indicates different trajectories of development among countries in the Central and Eastern Europe. These results are complementary to the results of studies that evaluated comparative advantages on the product basis.

THE COMPETITIVENESS OF COMMODITIES SEAWEED USING POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX (PAM)

Seaweed products from the city of Tarakan have been traded to outside areas such as Makassar and Surabaya before being exported overseas. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of seaweed in Tarakan City using the policy analysis matrix (PAM) method. The PAM method is used two main indicators for measuring competitiveness, namely the Private Cost Ratio (PCR) as an indicator of competitive advantage and the Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) which is an indicator of comparative advantage. The results showed that seaweed in Tarakan City had a PCR value of 0.37 and a DRC of 0.08, the private profit (PP) obtained was Rp 6,444,319 financially has a competitive advantage at the business level farmer. Social profit (PS) of Rp 30,386,901 economically or the economy as a whole has a comparative advantage which means efficient use of resources. The impact of government policies on the output of seaweed cultivation is not protective with an NPCO value of 0.34. The impact of government policies on seaweed cultivation inputs is not protective with an NPCI value of 1.29, meaning that farmers have not received positive incentives from the current input subsidy policy. The EPC value of 0.31 means that the overall impact of government policies on input-output is protective and provides positive incentives to farmers, but is still relatively weak and very vulnerable if policy changes occur. The regional government is expected to provide protection to seaweed cultivators in the form of setting costs for purchasing seaweed and also to strictly supervise cartel practices in the seaweed trading system.

Evolution and zoning of the "production-living- ecological" spatial pattern in the coastal urban agglomeration of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang

Clarifying the spatial differentiation patterns and evolutionary characteristics of urban territories is the basis and prerequisite for enhancing regional spatial governance capacity and realizing sustainable urban development patterns. In order to make up for the inadequacy of the existing coastal urban agglomerations of Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang in the exploration of regional evolutionary characteristics and zoning. Based on the theory of production-life-ecology space, the land use data from 2010 to 2020 are used to analyze the land space pattern and evolution characteristics of urban agglomeration by applying the methods of transfer matrix, kernel density analysis, and comparative advantage index. The results show that: (1) the ecological space continued to decrease and the area of production space and ecological space continued to increase. (2) The high-value areas of production space show multinuclear diffusion, the high-value areas of ecological space are mainly distributed in a faceted manner, and the living space are distributed in a band along the coastline. (3) The entire urban agglomeration was categorized into six types of land function zones based on the comparative advantage indices of the three spaces at the county scale.

The Competitiveness of Moroccan Export and its Determinants

This research encompasses two distinct parts. The first phase involves assessing the industries in which Moroccan exports demonstrate a comparative advantage from 2002 to 2022, utilizing the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index. To achieve this, data on Moroccan exports and world exports for different industries are collected, incorporating detailed information on product categories and trade volumes. The RCA index, as developed by Balassa (1965), has been computed using these datasets, and a comparative analysis has been performed to determine industries where Morocco enjoys a comparative advantage (Balassa, 1965). Our RCA analysis sorted out a categorization of 3 three different set of industries, distinguishing between industries with high RCA values ensuring sustained competitiveness, emerging sectoral potentials with increasing RCA values, and finally industries facing challenges with declining or fluctuating RCA values. The second part of the thesis employs a robust empirical analysis, employing panel data models and statistical tests, shedding light on the intricate dynamics shaping export competitiveness in Morocco. The amalgamation of these two components contributes to a holistic understanding of the subject, presenting policymakers and researchers with nuanced insights. In this empirical study, we investigate the determinants of export competitiveness in Moroccan industries. Employing a panel data approach, our research model encompasses key variables, including the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index as the dependent variable. Initially focusing on the Fixed Effects (FE) regression model, our analysis reveals nuanced relationships between these variables. Subsequently, we integrate insights from the Random Effects (RE) regression model, the Panel Effects (PE) regression model. Results shed light on the intricate dynamics shaping export competitiveness in Morocco. Drawing on existing literature and cross-referencing, this study contributes to the broader understanding of economic growth and trade dynamics, providing valuable insights for policymakers and researchers alike.