Company Size Research Articles

Impact of Corporate Governance on Firms’ Sustainability Performance: Case Study of BIST 50 Index Companies

Purpose: the purpose of this study is to investigate whether corporate governance mechanisms and attributes influence the sustainability performance of companies included in the BIST 50 Index. Results and contributions: Regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive influence of board tenure on sustainability performance and all its types; board size on environmental performance; and a dummy variable for board evaluation externally facilitated and company size on sustainability, environmental, and social performance. A significant negative impact of director attendance at board meetings on social performance was also revealed. This study contributes to the literature on the role of corporate governance in achieving the SDGs for BIST 50 Index companies, highlighting the significant impact of its individual indicators on the achievement of sustainability performance. Methodology: The authors reviewed 45 sustainability reports of BIST 50 Index companies for 2023. Four indices—Sustainability Performance, Environmental Performance, Social Performance, and Corporate Governance Performance Indexes—were developed to characterize sustainability performance and its types based on a content analysis of sustainability disclosures. To analyze the influence of mechanisms and characteristics of the corporate governance system on sustainability performance, eight independent variables were used: board size, number of board meetings, director attendance at board meetings, board independence, board tenure, a dummy variable for board evaluation externally facilitated, a dummy variable for internal auditors present, and a dummy variable for CEO and Chair functions combined. Two control variables, company size and leverage, were used as well. Gap: Today, the scientific literature has no universal approach and understanding of how the corporate governance system should be developed to improve sustainability performance or its individual components. Relevance: Development of a corporate governance system is one of the ways to increase the level of sustainability performance of companies. Impact: The results of the study made it possible to produce several recommendations (expand the number of board members, develop an effective procedure for regular changes of general directors in company boards, introduce independent external control tools in the corporate governance systems of companies) that will lead to the achievement of SDGs 5, 8, 16.

Determinants of Financial Information Disclosure Online: Empirical Evidence in Portugal

The rapid advancement of information technology, particularly the Internet, has significantly transformed communication and corporate reporting practices. The evolution of the Internet and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has enabled companies to disseminate extensive financial and non-financial information quickly and cost-effectively. Typically published on company websites, this information is accessible to users worldwide. Digital financial reporting has evolved to meet the needs of both information users and companies. The Internet is increasingly the primary channel for companies to share financial information, driven by technological advancements and the growing demand for online company data. However, the rise of technology in financial reporting raises concerns about information overload, potentially diminishing the quality and relevance of economic data. Additionally, managing the costs associated with technology, such as website development, customer relationship management systems, hardware, software, and other digital platforms, is crucial. This study aims to determine the extent of online financial information disclosure among the 150 largest Portuguese companies and identify the factors influencing this disclosure. The research methodology involves content analysis of the websites of 52 of the largest and best-performing companies operating in Portugal, as ranked by Revista Exame, using a predefined disclosure index to evaluate the degree of financial information disclosure on the Internet. The objective is to enhance understanding of the financial reporting practices adopted by major Portuguese companies and identify factors determining the level of disclosure. The results confirm that the disclosure index has an average value of 0.52147 and that there is a relationship between company size and sector of activity and the level of internet financial reporting.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Sektor Property & Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek

The purpose of this research is to test in reality whether profitability, leverage, and company size affect company value in real estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019-2023 period. This study uses secondary data, there are 10 companies that meet the research criteria many as 50 observation data. This study uses a quantitative method. The research variables used are profitability, leverage, and company size. This test uses multiple linear analysis and the eviews 13 software program. These results illustrate that profitability and leverage do not affect company value, while company size has a negative effect. according to the results of the regression test using (REM), the Determination Coefficient R² = 0.493716, indicating that 49.37% of company value is influenced by (ROAS), (DERA), and (UP), while the remaining 50.63% is explained by other factors.

PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Sektor Properti Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2018-2022)

This study aims to analyze the effect of Good Corporate Governance, accounting conservatism, and company size on earnings management (empirical study of property sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2018-2022). This research method is quantitative. The object of this research is the annual report and audit report of Real Estate and property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2018-2022. The sampling method of this research is purposive sampling, with techniques based on judgment sampling considerations. The data used in this study are secondary. The data collection method is the documentation method. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple regression analysis with the help of the IBM Statistical Package for Sciences (SPSS) program version 26. The result of this study is that Good Corporate Governance has no significant effect on earnings management. Accounting conservatism hurts earnings management. Company size does not affect earnings management.

CSR as a mediating to company characteristic, corporate governance, and firm value

Investors use the company's value as a benchmark to assess financial performance. Therefore, we must conduct research that uncovers factors capable of enhancing the company's value. Moreover, the majority of research conducted to date has primarily focused on direct testing. This research aims to explain the mechanism of comprehending factors in generating company value based on the signaling theory framework. This study investigates the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, as well as mediators such as profitability and size, on firm value in manufacturing firms that have listed their shares on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The data analysis was performed using the EViews application based on the collected sample of companies in the period 2019–2022. The results of this research indicate that the level of profitability, company size, and corporate governance effect firm value components directly. This study also suggests that, in line with the signaling theory stream of research, corporate social responsibility (CSR) acts as an important channel to bind the profitable and large-sized firms along with governance mechanisms through the utilization of signals by investors about influential variables such as profitability levels or company size; overall governance practices enacted.

Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Indian Listed Companies

This empirical analysis examines the relationship between corporate sustainability reporting and financial performance among Indian listed companies. In recent years, sustainability has gained prominence in corporate strategy due to increasing regulatory requirements, investor interest, and stakeholder expectations. The study explores how sustainability reporting, as disclosed through corporate sustainability reports (CSR), affects the financial performance of companies. Using a sample of Indian companies listed on major stock exchanges, the study analyzes data on sustainability disclosures, financial performance indicators (such as return on assets, return on equity, and market valuation), and various control variables. The analysis employs statistical methods, including regression models, to identify the correlation and potential causal linkages between sustainability reporting and financial performance. The findings suggest a positive relationship between comprehensive sustainability reporting and financial performance, indicating that companies with better sustainability practices tend to experience higher financial returns and market valuation. The results also highlight the role of regulatory frameworks, industry-specific factors, and company size in shaping the strength of this relationship. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on corporate sustainability by providing insights specific to the Indian context, where sustainability reporting practices are evolving. It suggests that companies engaging in transparent and detailed sustainability reporting may achieve not only environmental and social benefits but also financial gains, making sustainability a strategic priority for long-term value creation.

Heterogeneity Analysis of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Corporate Investment Based on Panel Threshold Regression

As the global landscape evolves rapidly, economic policies must constantly adapt to the volatile economic situation, leading to economic policy uncertainty (EPU). Firms, as microeconomic entities, need to continuously adjust their strategies in response to these changes. Given that corporate investment is one of the most crucial factors in business operations, it is of paramount importance to investigate how the characteristics of corporate investment are influenced by EPU. Using the panel threshold regression method, we delve into the nonlinear impact of EPU on corporate investment. By collecting data from 2000 to 2023 for A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen, as well as macroeconomic data, we empirically find that EPU exerts significant and differentiated effects on corporate investment across four dimensions: leverage level, company size, profitability, and growth potential.

PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP TARIF PAJAK EFEKTIF (Studi Kasus pada Sektor Energi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2022)

Taxes are one of the biggest contributions for the country. Therefore, the government tries to maximize tax revenue to finance the country's development needs. However, this is contrary to the company's objectives, which want the company's effective tax rate to decrease further away from the statutory tax rate. This research aims to know the effect of firm size, profitability, and leverage on effective tax rate. The sample selection used a purposive sampling technique and obtained 52 samples. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis with the IBM SPSS version 26 program. The research results show that firm size has a positive effect on the effective tax rate, profitability and leverage have a negative effect on the effective tax rate. Simultaneously company size, profitability and leverage influence the effective tax rate.

PENGARUH LEVERAGE, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR PERDAGANGAN BESAR DAN ECERAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) TAHUN 2019-2023

This study aims to determine the effect of leverage, company size, and independent commissioners as independent variables on tax avoidance as the dependent variable. The object of this research is all wholesale and retail trade subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023. The number of samples obtained was 17 companies using purposive sampling technique. This study uses secondary data in the form of financial statement data of wholesale and retail trade subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis methods processed with SPSS. The results showed (1) the leverage variable has no effect on tax avoidance with a significance value of 0.125 > from 0.05. (2) the firm size variable affects tax avoidance with a significance value of 0.003 < of 0.05. (3) the independent commissioner variable has no effect on tax avoidance with a significance value of 0.724 > from 0.05.

Analisis Harga Emas, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Pembiayaan Gadai Emas: Studi Empiris pada PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk KCP Sukabumi Cicurug Setia Budi Periode 2021-2023

The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the Gold Price, Company Size, and Profitability have on Gold Pawn Financing at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk, KCP Sukabumi Cicurug Setia Budi for the period 2021-2023. The objects of research are Gold Price (X1), Company Size (X2) Profitability (X3) and Gold Pawn Financing (Y). The research uses descriptive and associative methods with a quantitative approach. The population in the study was the financial statements of PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk, KCP Sukabumi Cicurug Setia Budi. Data analysis techniques used are classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, multiple correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, partial test (t test) and simultaneous test (f test). The results showed a relationship between Gold Price, Company Size, Profitability on Gold Pawn Financing of 0.766 the level of relationship including strong relationship criteria. Then the results of the partial test show that the price of gold has a positive and significant effect on gold pawn financing, company size has a negative and significant effect on gold pawn financing, profitability has a negative and significant effect on gold pawn financing.

Pengaruh Likuiditas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage dan Jaminan Terhadap Peringkat Obligasi pada Sektor Keuangan

This study aims to investigate the impact of Liquidity, Company Size, Leverage, and Collateral on Bond Ratings in the Financial Sector. The study centers on Real Estate and Property companies that are publicly traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2021, including a total of 28 enterprises. The sampling method used is nonprobability purposive sampling. The major data source for this study is the secondary data obtained from the financial reports of these firms, as published by the IDX. Data collection entails the systematic process of acquiring, recording, and reviewing secondary data using the documentation technique. Analytical approaches encompass descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, tests for normalcy, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and Autocorrelation. Additionally, hypothesis testing is conducted by t-tests, F-tests, and determination coefficient analysis. The research findings suggest that Liquidity, Company Size, Leverage, and Collateral exert a substantial impact on Bond Ratings within the Financial Sector.

Pengaruh CR, TAT, LTDER, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Perusahaan Sektor Industri Retail yang Terdaftar di BEI (2019-2022)

This research aims to analyze the impact of the Current Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Long-Term Debt to Equity, and Company Size on profit growth in retail sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the 2019-2022 period. The data used were obtained from financial statements accessed through the IDX website. This research employs purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression. The results show that Company Size has a positive and significant effect on profit growth, while the Current Ratio and Total Asset Turnover have no effect on profit growth, and Long-Term Debt to Equity has a negative and significant effect on profit growth.

Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Opini Audit Terhadap Audit Delay

Audit delay is the time interval between the closing date of financial books and the date of reporting by independent auditors. Delays in completing the audit of financial statements can hinder decision-making processes for stakeholders. This research investigates and analyzes the influence of company size, profitability, leverage, and audit opinion on audit delay. Purposive sampling was employed, gathering 96 samples from 16 companies in the food and beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period from 2018 to 2023. Secondary data from financial reports were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that leverage has an impact on audit delay. However, company size, profitability, and audit opinion do not influence audit delay.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Energi, Bahan Baku dan Industri yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The researcher's objective is to analyze debt, company size, and sales growth on tax avoidance. The population of this study is energy, raw materials, and industrial subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022. This study uses purposive sampling technique for sampling so that there are 89 companies that meet the data determination requirements. Company data that was sampled as many as 89 is panel data. So the number of samples during 2020-2022 is 3x89 = 267 companies. The result is that the leverage variable has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, the company size variable has no effect on tax avoidance, and the sales growth variable has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.

Empowering Consumer Decision-Making: Decoding Incentive vs. Organic Reviews for Smarter Choices Through Advanced Textual Analysis

Online reviews play a crucial role in influencing seller–customer dynamics. This research evaluates the credibility and consistency of reviews based on volume, length, and content to understand the impacts of incentives on customer review behaviors, how to improve review quality, and decision-making in purchases. The data analysis reveals major factors such as costs, support, usability, and product features that may influence the impact. The analysis also highlights the indirect impact of company size, the direct impact of user experience, and the varying impacts of changing conditions over the years on the volume of incentive reviews. This study uses methodologies such as Sentence-BERT (SBERT), TF-IDF, spectral clustering, t-SNE, A/B testing, hypothesis testing, and bootstrap distribution to investigate how semantic variances in reviews could be used for personalized shopping experiences. It reveals that incentive reviews have minimal to no impact on purchasing decisions, which is consistent with the credibility and consistency analysis in terms of volume, length, and content. The negligible impact of incentive reviews on purchase decisions underscores the importance of authentic online feedback. This research clarifies how review characteristics sway consumer choices and provides strategic insights for businesses to enhance their review mechanisms and customer engagement.

The Effect of Liquidity on Performance of Consumer Cyclical Companies Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

This study examines the effect of liquidity on company performance in the cyclical consumer sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) with a focus on 40 companies for a five years from 2019-2023. This study uses panel data regression analysis and purposive sampling techniques, with the dependent variable being profitability as measured by return on equity (ROE). Independent variables consist of current ratio and quick ratio, while control variables include tangible assets, company size, company age, inflation rate, and GDP growth. The results show that the current ratio produces a positive effect on company performance, while the quick ratio shows a negative effect. In addition, tangible assets and company size do not have a significant effect on company performance. The age of the company proved to have a negative influence, while the inflation rate did not show a significant influence. On the other hand, GDP has a positive influence on company performance. The results of this study can be taken into consideration for companies in making strategic decisions to increase profitability in the cyclical consumer sector.

Female Directorship And Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure In Nigeria: The Moderating Role Of Firm Size

Companies have witnessed more stringent pressure for corporate social responsibility reporting and the pressure has become critical for their long-term viability and success. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effect of corporate governance mechanism on corporate social responsibility disclosure both locally and internationally, but the studies have yielded inconsistent results. The moderating role of company size on the effect of corporate governance mechanism on corporate social responsibility disclosure has not been significantly studied in the Nigerian context. This study is to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanism on corporate social responsibility disclosure, and the moderating role of firm size. Ex-post facto research design was employed with cross sectional and time series dimensions. Secondary data was obtained from annual reports and accounts of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria from 2012 to 2023 using disclosure checklist adopted from previous studies. The data was analysed using ordinary least square regressions to determine the effect of female directors on corporate social responsibility disclosure and the moderating role of firm size in listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The findings of the study revealed that: female directors have a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility disclosure in Nigeria; Firm size has a significant and positive moderating effect on the effect of female directors on corporate social responsibility disclosure of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study recommends that government and policy makers should set minimum benchmark for female directorship on corporate governance in Nigeria in order to encourage more corporate information disclosures

The Impact Of Audit Fee, Size Of Public Accounting Firm, Company Size, And Leverage On The Communication Of Key Audit Matters (Implementation Of The First Year Of KAMs Adoption In Independent Auditors' Reports In Indonesia)

Auditing standard 701 "Communicating Key Audit Matters (KAMs) in the Independent Auditor's Report" will be implemented in Indonesia in 2022. The communication of KAMs aims to increase the transparency of financial statements for users. This study examines the effect of audit fees, Size of public accounting firm, company size and leverage on the communication of Key Audit Matters (KAMs). The research population is companies that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and report audited financial statements for the fiscal year 2022. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method. The research data was processed using the Multiple Linear Regression method using IBM SPSS Statistics software ver. 25. This study proves that audit fees (sig 0.000 < 0.05) and Size of public accounting firm (sig 0.000 < 0.05) have a positive and significant effect on communicating KAMs. While company size (0.188 > 0.05) leverage (0.378 > 0.05) has no significant effect on communicating KAMs. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that companies can consider an adequate audit fee budget and choose a Public accounting firm whose competence is in accordance with the conditions of the company to be able to increase the communication of KAMs. Thus, companies can increase investor and other stakeholder confidence through the communication of KAMs as an effort to demonstrate commitment to transparency and good corporate governanc

The Influence Of Capital Structure, Company Size And Profitability On Company Value On Registered Insurance Companies On Bei 2018 – 2022

This study aims to determine (1) the Effect of Capital Structure on Company Value (2) The Effect of Company Size on Company Value (3) The Effect of Profitability on Company Value This study uses quantitative methods with a sample of 5 companies taken from the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression tests. The results of this study show that Capital Structure (X1) has a positive and significant influence on Company Value (Y) as proven through the calculated t value of 5.057 > t table 1.706; Company Size (X2) has no positive and insignificant influence on Company Value (Y) proven through t count 1.248 < 1.706; Profitability (X3) does not have a positive and insignificant influence on Company Value (Y) proven through the calculated t value of -1.534 < t table 1.706 there is a significant influence between the influence of Capital Structure, Company Size and Profitability on Company Value . What is seen through F calculate > F table where the value is 13.030 and the significance value is 0.000 meaning together (Simultaneous)

Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Tekstil dan Garmen yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2019-2022

The “purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between profitability and the variables of liquidity, leverage, and firm size. Information for this study came from textile and garment businesses that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2022. The purposive sampling technique was used to do the sampling. The following tests are employed for data analysis: Multiple Regression Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Descriptive Statistics, and Classical Assumption Test. This study's findings demonstrate that ROA is significantly impacted by liquidity (CR), leverage (DER), and firm size (LnTA) all at once. Profitability (ROA) is positively impacted by liquidity (CR) and leverage (DER) in textile and garment firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2019-2020, while company size (LnTA) has no effect on” ROA. Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, and Company Size