Companies In Thailand Research Articles

Factors Influencing Financial Statement Fraud: An Analysis of the Fraud Diamond Theory from Evidence of Thai Listed Companies

Since stakeholders of listed companies rely on the financial statement. However, prior studies pointed out that financial statement fraud is a significant cause of fraud among Thai-listed companies. This increases the risk for stakeholders’ decision-making. Thus, this study initially examines empirical evidence regarding financial statement fraud in line with the Fraud Diamond Theory in Thailand. It proposes to reflect factors of financial statement fraud that exist. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the factors of the Fraud Diamond Theory that influence financial statement frauds of listed companies in Thailand 2) to examine the effects of the Fraud Diamond Theory factors on the financial statements of listed companies in Thailand, and 3) to study the relationship between moderator variables, namely the size of the company and the risks of the industry, and the factors of the Fraud Diamond Theory influencing the financial statement fraud of listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. There were ten independent variables examined as factors influencing financial statement fraud. The independent variables were classified into four categories, pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability. This study applied a quantitative research approach. Secondary data were collected from 371 listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Thailand during the 2015–2020 period. There were 1,855 observations in total. The research used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to prove the research hypotheses. The results revealed that 11.48 percent of the samples had a high probability of financial statement fraud. External pressures such as financial targets (ROA), rationalizations such as accrual (ACCRUAL), and the moderator variable, industry risk (IND), influenced the financial statement fraud on the Stock Exchange of Thailand at a statistical significance level of 0.05. On the other hand, the other eight independent variables and the moderator variable, the size of the enterprise, had no significant influence on financial statements fraud on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.

The utility and value of contract terms: a case study on interior contractors

This study applied the conjoint analysis technique to appraise the utility of interior contractors' contract terms and project price conditions, the sample group comprising 112 interior contractors working in 12 shopping centers of a public company in Thailand. The results showed that the advance payment term, the period of an interim payment term, the period to make a payment term, and the project price conditions had average utility ratios (ratio of its utility to the total utility) of 28.53%, 20.24%, 20.41%, and 25.87%, respectively. These results confirmed that each of these three contract terms are as important to interior contractors as the project price condition (no price reduction by 5% of the proposed price). This study also valued the three contract terms by comparing their utility with the utility of the project price condition. The values of the terms to the interior contractor were as follows: the value of the advance payment term varied between 0.00–11.67% of the proposed price; the value of the period of the interim payment term varied between 1.25–8.33% of the proposed price; and the value of the period to make a payment term varied between 2.00–11.67% of the proposed price. The value of all three contract terms varied between 12.00–20.00% of the proposed price. The insights into the utility and value of these three contract terms from this study could aid project owners or tenants of shopping centers in project price negotiations.

A Survey of High Performance Computing (HPC) Infrastructure in Thailand

In the last decade, government organizations and private companies in Thailand have invested considerably in computing resources. Research collaborations typically band together based on shared interests and propose projects to compete for funding. Thus, many institutions frequently use similar computing resources. A bird's eye view of high-performance computer infrastructure in Thailand is important in many ways. To the best of our knowledge and ability, we gathered information on government procurements of HPC resources in the past five years, which cover several organizations and ministries. We list the system specifications and tabulate the target application areas for each system. The aggregated number of cores and storage space for HPC in Thailand, commissioned during the past five years, is 54,838 cores and 21 PB, respectively. We also describe the large data transfers using UniNet for HPC applications. The survey results can be used by academics and decision-makers to build research agendas and national development strategies.

The causal factors that affect the organizational performance of large-size companies in Thailand through HR analytics

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the causal factors, namely Organizational Culture (OC), Technology Adoption (TEA), and HR Competencies (HRC) on Organizational Performance (ORP), with a focus on the moderating effect of HR analytics (HRA).
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected using the purposive sampling method from 498 top management in the human resources department working for large-size organizations in Thailand. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) are applied as statistical techniques to validate and test the proposed hypotheses of the conceptual framework.
 Findings: Results give strong supporting evidence to accept all the proposed hypotheses that the studied factors are contributing to each other and creating an impact on organizational performance.
 Conclusion: It is confirmed that ORC, TEA, and HRC have positively impacts on HRA and ORP. In addition, it is also confirmed that HRA acts as a moderating factor to facilitate the impact of ORC, TEA, and HRC on ORP.
 Research Limitations/Implications: The scope of this study only focuses on large-size organizations that operate in Thailand.
 Practical Implications: This study provides guidelines for an organization to improve factors that can have a positive impact on their performances.
 Contribution to Literature: This study serves as one of the pioneering contributions to the field of HRA and its implications for ORP.

Market Analysis with Business Intelligence System for Marketing Planning

The automotive and auto parts industries are important economic sectors in Thailand. With rapidly changing technology, every organization should understand what needs to be improved clearly, and shift their strategies to meet evolving consumer demands. The purpose of this research is to develop a Business Intelligence system for a brake pad manufacturing company in Thailand. By analyzing the relationship between market demand and supply components of the company through regression analysis and the principles of the marketing mix, we develop a product lifecycle curve for forecasting product sales. The developed system increases the workflow efficiency of the case study company, being able to simplify the traditional data preparation process that requires employees to collect and summarize data every time a request is made. An intelligence dashboard is subsequently created to help support decision-making, facilitate communication within the company, and eventually improve team efficiency and productivity.

An Exploration of Salespersons’ Communication Apprehension in English Communication: A Case of a Private Company in Thailand

An Exploration of Salespersons’ Communication Apprehension in English Communication: A Case of a Private Company in Thailand

Analyzing the supply chain sustainability of an internet service provider in Thailand

This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the supply chain activities of an Internet Service Provider company in Thailand, focusing on sustainability. The company utilizes the SCOR model and IDEF0 methodology to analyze the supply chain and offer rental equipment services. The major issues identified include inventory management, insufficient data in demand planning, supply chain planning, renewal contact planning, the role of suppliers, and last-minute changes during the installation process. To address these challenges, the paper suggests improvements such as optimizing equipment flow, improving communication with teams, implementing demand forecasting models, considering alternative suppliers, and clarifying technical requirements with customers. By implementing these recommendations, ISPs can enhance the sustainability of their supply chains, reducing environmental impacts, optimizing resource utilization, and meeting customer expectations for sustainable practices. This study highlights the importance of sustainable supply chain practices in the telecommunications industry and offers valuable insights for companies seeking to improve their operations in a more environmentally responsible manner.

INVENTORY MEASUREMENT MODEL FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS OF PETROCHEMICAL COMPANIES IN THAILAND.

This research is qualitative research. The purpose of this research is to study the work pattern for setting up operational procedures and developing a method for measuring petroleum gas levels of a petrochemical company in Thailand. It is research in the field of actual operations with the population with special reference to workers in gas warehouses in all 5 regions in the country. Interview forms validated by qualified experts and calculation forms were used as tools for data collection. The research results showed that: the measurement of the gas level started from measuring the depth of the gas water; measuring the temperature of gas water; measuring the temperature of the gas vapor; and measuring the gas pressure and gas molar mass. After that a calculation was done to find the true volume from the developed calculation model. Table constants in Table 54 was compared to find the Density at 15°C and Table Tank table to find the total gas volume, after which it was then calculated in the developed calculation which made the gas volume increase by 20% than the previous model.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Committees and Performance in Thailand

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: The study aims to investigate the extent and level of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of listed companies in Thailand, and test for the relationship between ESG committees and performance. Design/methodology/approach: Using the top 100 Thai listed companies (364 firm-year observations) from the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), the corporate annual reports during 2018 to 2021 are used to collect ESG board committee characteristics, while ESG performance is collected and measured by ESG scores from S&P Capital IQ and Capital IQ Pro databases. Descriptive analysis, correlation matrix, and multiple regression are used to analyse the data. Research findings: The average performance score of ESG in Thailand is 29.52. In addition, there was an increase of ESG performance by the top 100 firms in Thailand during the period under study. There is a significantly positive relationship between independent ESG committees and ESG performance, while dual positions between top management and ESG committees is negatively correlated with ESG performance. Theoretical contribution/originality: The findings of the relationship between ESG committees and performance demonstrates that agency theory can be used to explain the factors influencing ESG performance by Thai listed companies.

Opportunities and Barriers to the Adoption of Blockchain-Based Games in an Online Gaming Company in Thailand

Opportunities and Barriers to the Adoption of Blockchain-Based Games in an Online Gaming Company in Thailand

Influence of intellectual capital creative economy and marketing mix of community enterprise success after COVID-19 crisis of Thailand

This study aimed to determine whether the structural equation model accurately predicted the impact of intellectual capital, the creative economy, and the marketing mix on the development of community companies in Thailand during the COVID-19 crisis. In the sample group, the analysis of structural equation models using Kline's (2011) sample size calculations, 200 or more samples were obtained. The researcher collected 230 samples to reduce discrepancies and assigned a simple random selection. The population used in the study consisted of 6,942 members of the community enterprises in area 2 (Sample group). Descriptive statistics include frequency and percentage data, Standard deviation, the arithmetic mean, multivariate statistical analysis, and structural equation modeling (Structural Equation Model). The findings demonstrated that all factors were positively correlated and statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The correlation coefficient ranges from 0.403 to 0.652. The results of the structural equation model's conformity test with the empirical data.

Alcohol Recognition and Desire to Drink of Extended Alcohol Brand Logos.

Alcohol companies in Thailand have adopted surrogate marketing that uses similar logos on non-alcoholic products. We aimed to assess variations of the alcohol recognition using reaction time and desire to drink among consumers exposed to original logos and modified logos (i.e., black logos, partial logos, logos on non-alcoholic beverages and other merchandise). Participants aged ≥19 years took part in this cross-sectional study. The primary independent variables were types of logos: original logos, modified logos (i.e., black logos, partial logos, logos on non-alcoholic beverages, and logos on other merchandise). An in-house-developed online survey randomly presented the logos. Alcohol recognition and the desire to drink alcohol were assessed. The study included 1185 participants. More time (estimated coefficient of reaction time <0.5 s) was required to recognize the modified logos than the original logos. Younger participants (19–24 years) reacted significantly faster than the older participants (>25 years) after seeing all types of logos. The desire to drink alcohol (<0.5 point) upon seeing the modified logos was lower than the original logos. No significant difference in the desire was observed between the younger and older participants upon seeing the original and partial logos. The modified logos reminded consumers of the alcohol products of that brand with a tiny difference in reaction time and the desire to drink without practical significance.

The Impact of Organisational Climate on Employee Engagement and Performances in a Multinational Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Company in Thailand

The Impact of Organisational Climate on Employee Engagement and Performances in a Multinational Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Company in Thailand

Determination of Residential Type in Subdivision Projects by the Decision Tree Analysis

At present, to determine the residential type in a housing development project requires the experience and expertise of the project developers. This research aims to apply the Decision Tree Analysis to help analyze the residential type that will make the subdivision project achieve a good sales rate. The research process was conducted by collecting data from 179 residential subdivision projects from the market reports of real estate companies in Thailand, and then selected those projects with higher average monthly sales rates than those of all projects. A total of 59 projects were selected, comprising 31 townhouse, 22 detached house and 6 semi-detached house projects. Data for each project were collected. Then, these data sets and factors were analyzed using the Decision Tree Analysis. The results showed that the factors used in determining the residential type were the distance from the bus stations, land appraisal value and distance from parks. The model has an accuracy of 81.82% and is useful for those involved in the real estate development industry because it logically shows the decision- making process. It also demonstrates the potential for applying machine learning technique, as a technological innovation, to create models that aid real estate development decisions related to the customer’s behavior.

Identifying Factors Influencing Productivity of Older Workers in Service Sector: A Case Study in Pilot Companies in Thailand.

Productivity has posed issues for global countries in terms of promoting older employment due to an emergence of questions regarding production efficiency. Individual characteristics result in varying production efficiencies, which in turn provide different levels of productivity. Taking this concern into account, we are here to examine the characteristics of older workers who provide high productivity in order to seek recommendations for fostering decent work for them. We utilized the dataset collected from the pilot service companies in Thailand who participated in a national initiative program for employing older people. A total of 204 older workers and their characters were then observed. Those characters were analyzed by the Generalized Ordered Logit Regression (gologit) model. Empirical findings indicate that allocating work that is related to communication and coordination to older workers would enhance odd ratio of their productivity by as much as 4.79 times compared to general tasks. Furthermore, employing older individuals on a part-time basis tends to generate higher-level productivity than full-time employment. We also found that gender and age differences have no significant effect on productivity in the service sector as people age, and factors related to types of employment, education, health, and financial status are also a precise determinant for the productivity of older workers. This would suggest that the work design for the older workers must be in line with the aforementioned determinants. In addition, the government initiatives utilizing key findings from this study to boost older workers’ productivity should give priority on tax incentives, promoting and advocating for employment equality, and vocationalization programs.

Earnings management in times of natural disasters

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of firms’ earnings management (EM) activities during natural disasters, specifically the 2011 floods in Thailand. The motivation for conducting this study is that although disasters stem from natural processes, such events affect firms’ actions, resulting in adverse economic and social outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Based on data from listed companies in Thailand and using a sample of 5,786 firm-year observations from 2008 to 2013, this study uses the differences-in-differences method to estimate the relation between earnings quality (EQ) and floods. Additionally, this study uses the same research design to observe how fast firms engage in EM, as reflected by the trends in EQ following the floods. Findings This study finds that firms engage in EM to increase their earnings numbers and misrepresent their performance after experiencing the 2011 floods in Thailand. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that natural disasters are related to EQ. In addition, this study finds that firms’ responses are observed only in the year after the floods (2012). Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on EM and quality in two ways. First, this study provides new evidence that during crisis situations such as natural disasters, firms strive to signal good news to capital markets, consistent with the market expectation hypothesis. Second, this study shows that natural disasters are as useful and equal as other exogenous shocks such as financial crises for economic research.

Perceived Organizational Support and Transformational Leadership on Empowerment and Outcomes

Drawing on the resource theory of social exchange, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the interactive effects of perceived organizational support and transformational leadership on employees’ psychological empowerment and their subsequent job performance and commitment to the organization. More specifically, we examine the influences of perceived organizational support on employees’ in-role performance and organizational commitment through the mediating role of psychological empowerment. We also examine the moderating role of unit-level transformational leadership on these mediated effects, arguing that transformational leadership can help strengthen the positive effects of perceived organizational support on employees’ psychological empowerment and their subsequent affective and behavioral outcomes. Results based on multi-source and multi-level data obtained from 217 employees and 41 direct supervisors working in a large public construction company in Thailand provide support for our proposed multilevel moderated mediation model. Based on these findings, we discuss how our theoretical model expands research on the role of perceived organizational support as an antecedent of employees’ psychological empowerment and organizational outcomes. This research also highlights several practical implications pertaining to positive treatments by the organization and the importance of leadership.

The impact of financial distress, sustainability report disclosures, and firm size on earnings management in the banking sector of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand

Research Question: Does financial distress, sustainability report disclosures, and firm size have an effect on earnings management? Motivation: Researchers want to know the effect of financial distress, sustainability report disclosures, and firm size on earnings management. Idea: The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of Financial Distress (FD), Sustainability Report (SR), and Firm Size (FS) on earnings management in the banking sector of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Data: The data for this research is taken from the financial reports, annual reports, and sustainability reports issued by the companies from 2019 to 2020. The populations in this study are banking companies listed on the Indonesian, Malaysian, and Thailand Stock Exchanges. The samples used are 43 public banking companies in Indonesia, 10 public banking companies in Malaysia, and 8 public banking companies in Thailand. Tools: This study uses a regression model made with E-Views 10. Findings: The results show that financial distress has a significant influence on earnings management, sustainability reports have no influence on earnings management, and firm size has an influence on earnings management, but only in Malaysia’s and Thailand’s banking companies. Contribution: The results of this study are expected to provide ideas and reference materials regarding financial distress, disclosure of corporate sustainability reports, firm size, and earnings management practices. For companies, especially from the banking sector, this study is expected to provide information that they must be careful in reporting financial statements that will be published considering that banking companies are a business entity that receives and safeguards money owned by the public and lends out this money in the form of loans or credits. Banks are the main financial institutions in the financial system that drive the economy in a country. If a banking company experiences a financial crisis, it will have a wide impact on the financial system and economic sector in a country. The results of this study are also expected to help investors make investment decisions in a company and the results of this study are expected to help creditors in making funding decisions in a company.

REWARDING PROGRAMS AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN FOOD INDUSTRY IN THAILAND: THE CASE OF CP ALL &amp; FOOD PASSION

The paper is devoted to rewarding programs and employee motivation in food industry in Thailand. It is explored the relationship between the reward programs practiced by companies in Thailand and their employees’ motivation and/or job satisfaction. The interesting reward programs of CP ALL Company Limited and Food Passion Company Limitedhave been chosen to be analyzed in this research. Strengths and weaknesses of each are identified, as well as threats and opportunities of the recognition and reward programs. External factors that may prevent companies to reward their employees are also analyzed, and last but not least the cause and effect diagram will be observed. Moreover, the research paper also covers the countermeasures of the hurdles that companies might face.

Motivation and Performance Evaluation Literacy of Skilled Worker: Balanced Scorecard Approach

The research aims at studying the motivation and performance evaluation literacy of skilled workers on Balanced Scorecard Approach. A sample group derived from 350 skilled workers of an export condom company in Thailand. Multiple Regression was used to analyze the influence of the Motivation Factors according to Herzberg’s Two- Factor Theory on the performance evaluation literacy of skilled workers. The research result revealed that the performance motivation had a significant relationship with the literacy of skilled workers on Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach. Especially, Motivation Factors, which indicated positive effects on the literacy of the skilled workers on the BSC approach significantly at 0.05 level. It can be beneficial to various organizations to apply the study results by making a plan, improving, and determining the evaluative strategies through the processes focusing on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. It can promote the use of BSC as a tool of evaluation to achieve the goals,specifically the emphasis of Motivation Factors such as giving praise, emphasizing the success of work, challenging work, and responsibility, to use with the skilled workers.