Community Poverty Research Articles

Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement: Keys to Translating No Poverty and Quality Education SDGs in Philippine Peripheral Communities

Abstract The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program to alleviate socio-economic conditions in the Philippines, addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 (No Poverty) and 4 (Quality Education). It attempts to address poverty, which is a risk factor to education among Filipinos. However, the program impact on education and economy remains understudied. This paper investigated the recipients of the CCT and analyzed parental involvement and its influence on students’ academic achievement. In this study, parental involvement refers to parenting, learning at home, volunteering, school decision-making, collaborating, and communicating, while academic achievement pertains to the students’ academic performance in the core learning areas: Science, Mathematics, English, and Filipino. Using a descriptive-correlation method, the respondents were randomly selected comprising 306 parents and 306 students in Tarragona District, Davao Oriental, Philippines. The data were analyzed using Spearman Rho Correlation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results showed there was no statistical correlation between parental involvement and student’s academic achievement. Parents had low involvement in learning at home, volunteering, and school decision-making. On the other hand, the students demonstrated high academic achievement in the core learning areas. The significant step of the Philippine government for education through the CCT is an effective approach to keeping children in school. Emphasis must be placed on strengthening parental involvement in children’s education to ensure academic success.

Between obligations and aspirations: unaccompanied immigrant teen workers’ transnational lives and imagined futures

ABSTRACT Relying on ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews with undocumented Latinx young adults (18–31) who arrived in Los Angeles, California, as unaccompanied minors (11–17), this study examines immigrant youth workers’ migration motives, their transnational ties and transnationalism’s effect on their imagined futures. Findings show that, in the context of structural and community violence and poverty, Central American and Mexican youth migrate alone at young ages, in part to fulfill moral obligations to provide financial and emotional support within networks of care for the families they eventually leave behind. For many, left-behind family’s needs increase as parents and siblings age into new life stages. Unmarried transnational youth workers are especially likely to shoulder moral obligations. This is while they transition into young adulthood in the US and weigh their own prospects for education and occupational mobility in Los Angeles or their home communities. Maintaining moral obligations established in adolescence throughout the transition into young adulthood can cause youth to reimagine futures to include the possibility of staying and other alternatives. This research offers important insights into the changing nature of transnational families, unaccompanied minors’ coming of age, and the lives of migrant youth workers in the US.

Impact of Funding on Performance of Agricultural Extension Services in Bomet, Kenya: Case of Community-Based Organizations

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of funding on the performance of community-based organizations (CBOs) in delivering agricultural extension services in Bomet Central Sub County, Kenya. Specifically, the study aims to explore the relationship between funding and the capacity of CBOs to deliver extension services. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 327 respondents, including CBO members and officials. A systematic random sampling method was used to select respondents, and descriptive statistics revealed that a majority of respondents believed that the current funding for agricultural extension programs was inadequate and that increasing funding would significantly enhance the performance of CBOs in delivering extension services. Furthermore, lack of funding was identified as a hindrance to the provision of effective extension services by CBOs. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that community funding had a significant positive influence on CBO performance, accounting for 67.1% of the variations in performance (t = 2.149, p<0.05). These findings highlight the crucial role of funding in supporting CBOs in delivering comprehensive and timely extension services and emphasize the need for increased financial support to enhance agricultural productivity and reduce poverty and food insecurity in rural communities. This study contributes to the existing literature by specifically exploring the relationship between funding, CBOs, and agricultural extension services and providing recommendations for improving funding mechanisms to enable CBOs to fulfill their potential as catalysts for sustainable rural development.

Community Agricultural Projects and Poverty Reduction; A Case Study of Community-Based Watershed Management Project in Kirehe District, Rwanda

Community Agricultural Projects and Poverty Reduction; A Case Study of Community-Based Watershed Management Project in Kirehe District, Rwanda

Contribution of the Skills-Based Approach to Teaching Students in Lower Secondary Schools and on Poverty Reduction After COVID-19 Disruptions in Communities in Jinja North Division, Uganda

The study sought to examine the contribution of the skills-based approach to teaching students in lower secondary schools after COVID-19 disruptions and poverty reduction. The study was purely qualitative in nature and data were obtained using interview guide and focus discussion. Findings revealed that skills-based education is given to students through class talks, but other living skills such as self-worth, decision-making, and successful communication are not given priority. HIV/AIDS prevention and health education initiatives are implemented to raise awareness, change attitudes, and promote healthy sexual behaviour. Skills-based education is an important tool for reducing poverty in communities by providing students with communication, debate, and tailoring skills, as well as computer skills, gymnastics, sports and games. These gains bring about employment and money to fight poverty. Parents are failing to provide instructional materials, leading to an increase in drinking alcohol and smoking, a lack of interest in reading, and an increase in the student-to-teacher ratio. This leads to late coming, dodging of school, and abolishment of punishment and promotion. The study concluded that skills-based education is an important tool for reducing poverty in communities by providing students with communication, debate, and tailoring skills, as well as computer skills, gymnastics, sports, and games. Also, other life skills such as self-worth, decision-making, and successful communication are not given priority. Based on the conclusion the study recommends that all teachers should be involved in the implementation of a skills-based curriculum for effectiveness, the government should supply schools with materials such as computer sets and sewing machines among others to enhance practical training of students and academics should be balanced with extracurricular activities such as debating and games for the cognitive and mental development of the learners.

From disenfranchisement to hope through youth-adult participatory action research

This paper proposes dovetailing the concept of youth-adult partnership with youth participatory action research to generate a methodology of youth-adult participatory action research. Within contemporary education, deficit-oriented discourses of hopelessness and demoralisation among ‘at risk’ young people and their teachers, particularly those in marginalised and/or high poverty communities, pervade the literature. However, scholarship suggests that negative emotions do not tend to stem from a sense of hopelessness but one of uncertainty, which is typically caused by a lack of accurate information and thus provides a starting point for investigations through integrating reason and emotion. Embedded in Fraser’s conceptualisation of justice as parity of participation, coupled with Freire’s notion of intergenerational dialogue and a critical-democratic conceptualisation of engagement, youth-adult participatory action research seeks to generate communities of praxis in which students, teachers and researchers form explicit tripartite partnerships as co-investigators and co-learners. As they jointly explore their shared concerns, the members of the community mobilise their collective power and agency to co-design context-specific solutions and in so doing, transform the negative emotion and disenfranchisement stemming from uncertainty into a critical hope for more optimistic futures than those alluded to by the ‘at risk’ and ‘disengaged’ policy tags.

Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Masyarakat Pesisir Kecamatan Seunuddon (Studi Pada Dinas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Kabupaten Aceh Utara)

The Government of Aceh in 2013 issued Aceh Qanun Number 11 of 2013 concerning Social Welfare. North Aceh Regency to overcome this has carried out a variety of policies / programs with the aim of finding solutions in terms of poverty alleviation of coastal communities, but not yet optimal, the number of poverty continues to increase and and decrease from year to year, we can see that the Aceh District Government The North does not seem to be serious in suppressing and overcoming poverty, based on the writer's findings that there are still many of the coastal poverty alleviation programs that are not yet right on targeting the people who are the object of the policy / program. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe the implementation of poverty reduction policies in coastal communities in Seunuddon District. To describe the constraints of the government in poverty alleviation of coastal communities. The study uses a qualitative approach to the type of descriptive analysis research. The results showed that the implementation of policies in poverty reduction in coastal communities in Seunuddon District the government worked with the North Aceh Regional Planning and Development Agency (BAPPEDA), North Aceh Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Fisheries and Maritime Affairs Office, and the Social Service. The Department of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs has implemented and provided socialization to the community regarding poverty alleviation programs for the poor coastal communities, in general the poverty of coastal communities in the District of Seunuddon is influenced by cultural and structural factors. The obstacle of the government in reducing poverty of coastal communities in Seunuddon District, is related to the lack of budget, resources, facilities and infrastructure, as well as very limited information. 

Improving the Human Development, Reducing Poverty and Promoting the Economic Growth: A Sustainable Development Strategy

This study analyzes the macro-relationship between three main variables, namely, poverty, the human development index, and economic growth. This study uses the Vector Autoregressive/ Vector Error Correction Model. The variables measured in this study included household income per capita, community education level, poverty, and economic growth. This research was conducted using a quantitative method by capturing information from quantitative data. Meanwhile, the quantitative data were obtained from official publications of government agencies and analyzed using panel data regression. This study used the stationarity test and cointegration test. The study’s results concluded that economic growth was affected by the human development index. The human development index affects poverty. Also, the poverty affects economic growth. Thus, a unidirectional causality existed between the human development index, economic growth, and poverty.

Penerapan Data Mining Untuk Klasifikasi Penerima Dana Bantuan Sosial Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor

The Social Assistance Fund (Bansos) is a government program carried out to assist in eradicating community poverty in Indonesia and improving the welfare of families in Indonesia. Social Assistance Funds (Bansos) are distributed from the central ministry, then forwarded to local social services and then distributed to the community through each sub-district office. After data collection is carried out, the process of determining and selecting the families who receive Social Assistance Funds (Bansos) is carried out. However, in the implementation process there were several obstacles, one of which was that the provision of Social Assistance Funds (Bansos) was still not on target for families who deserved to receive Social Assistance Funds (Bansos). This problem is an important matter that must be resolved, this is because the main aim of the Social Assistance Fund (Bansos) program is to help eradicate poverty in Indonesia. Reviewing and processing data again based on previous data can be completed using one of the computer techniques. Data mining is a technique used to reprocess data. Data processing returns to data mining based on data previously stored in a data collection or data warehouse. Classification is part of data mining which aims to find out certain models of data so that they can be divided into several classes or groups. The K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm is part of a data mining technique which aims to divide data into certain groups. The results obtained in the research are the K value used in the research, namely K=7, the result of the family data grouping process which has just determined that the family received Social Assistance Funds (Bansos).

Spatio-temporal analysis of childhood vaccine uptake in Nigeria: a hierarchical Bayesian Zero-inflated Poisson approach

BackgroundGlobally, child mortality and morbidity remain a serious health challenge and infectious diseases are the leading causes. The use of count models together with spatial analysis of the number of doses of childhood vaccines taken is limited in the literature. We used a Bayesian zero-inflated Poisson regression model with spatio-temporal components to assess the number of doses of childhood vaccines taken among children aged 12–23 months and their associated factors.MethodsData of 19,564 children from 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2018 population-based cross-sectional Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey were used. The childhood vaccines include one dose of Bacillus-Calmette-Guérin; three doses of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus; three doses of Polio and one dose of Measles. Uptake of all nine vaccines was regarded as full vaccination. We examined the multilevel factors associated with the number of doses of childhood vaccines taken using descriptive, bivariable and multivariable Bayesian models. Analysis was conducted in Stata version 16 and R statistical packages, and visualization in ArcGIS.ResultsThe prevalence of full vaccination was 6.5% in 2003, 14.8% in 2008, 21.8% in 2013 and 23.3% in 2018. Full vaccination coverage ranged from 1.7% in Sokoto to 51.9% in Anambra. Factors associated with the number of doses of childhood vaccines taken include maternal age (adjusted Incidence “risk” Ratio (aIRR) = 1.05; 95% Credible Interval (CrI) = 1.03–1.07) for 25–34 years and (aIRR = 1.07; 95% CrI = 1.05–1.10) for 35–49 years and education: (aIRR = 1.11, 95% CrI = 1.09–1.14) for primary and (aIRR = 1.16; 95% CrI = 1.13–1.19) for secondary/tertiary education. Other significant factors are wealth status, antenatal care attendance, working status, use of skilled birth attendants, religion, mother’s desire for the child, community poverty rate, community illiteracy, and community unemployment.ConclusionAlthough full vaccination has remained low, there have been improvements over the years with wide disparities across the states. Improving the uptake of vaccines by educating women on the benefits of hospital delivery and vaccines through radio jingles and posters should be embraced, and state-specific efforts should be made to address inequality in access to routine vaccination in Nigeria.

Resolving Conservation Conflicts through Shared Vision, Collective Benefits and Relevant Values

The global challenges of biodiversity loss and persistent poverty and inequality, which interact and shape each other at the local scale, require new strategies to improve human well-being and conserve biodiversity. In South Africa, inclusive and transformative conservation approaches are gaining support, which is of particular importance given the challenging history of conservation during the colonial and apartheid eras. The Dinokeng Game Reserve was created to conserve biodiversity and combat poverty in adjacent communities. However, human–elephant conflict and community development challenges have led to unproductive conservation trade-offs. We developed a Theory of Change for Living in Harmony that can help policymakers, conservation organisations and local communities to find better solutions. To develop the Theory of Change, we assessed the visions and perspectives towards (elephant) conservation and socio-economic development among both people living inside (owners/direct beneficiaries) and outside (community/indirect beneficiaries) the reserve. The study revealed common ground among stakeholder groups in ranking elephant benefits, as well as a collective acknowledgement of the importance of moral values in conservation decision making. However, the benefits of living within or adjacent to an elephant reserve differed considerably across stakeholder groups. Accordingly, different but not mutually exclusive solutions were suggested, including investments in multi-level good governance, education and capacity building, active community engagement and development, reserve expansion, and promoting the reserve’s integrated conservation model. This Theory of Change aims to support common ground between stakeholders, with critical feedback loops that reduce barriers and enable conditions for coexistence. It promotes conservation strategies that are socially relevant and widely supported, can create mutually beneficial outcomes for elephants, biodiversity, and multiple stakeholders, and can be applied to other species or ecosystems in general, with specific elements being tailored to those circumstances.

THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE BANKS IN PROMOTING THE SOCIAL WELFARE: A CASE STUDY OF YOBE MICROFINANCE BANK

The study assesses the Islamic Microfinance Bank’s role in promoting customers’ social welfare, using the newly developed products of Yobe Microfinance Bank to encourage inclusion and alleviate poverty in the Yobe communities. Yobe State is ranked bottom as the poorest in the region and scores low on human development and poverty alleviation. It indicates low education rates, poor implementation of government policies on poverty, and a high financial exclusion rate. The study adopted a qualitative approach using random sampling to collect data from customers of Yobe Microfinance Bank. Using the acceptability of the newly introduced sharia complaint products of Yobe Microfinance among the people in Yobe state, using the Structural Equation Modelling, 300 respondents completed the survey using a Likert scale. The study employed Structural Equation Modeling to analyze and test reliability and validity to provide accuracy of respondents’ information. The finding indicates the positive relationship between Islamic banking products and customer satisfaction. The study concludes that introducing and consistently managing Islamic products can improve social welfare and reduce poverty through financial inclusion in the state.

The Relationship between Socioeconomic Factors and Household Income Levels in Coastal and Island Communities in South Sulawesi

Purpose: This study aims to describe the characteristics of poor households, including age, education, and main occupation, and examine their relationship with the income level of poor households in coastal communities in South Sulawesi. Theoretical framework: The reality today still shows that these various poverty alleviation programs have not fully addressed the root causes of poverty. In theoretical studies, poverty is rooted in three main factors: individual poverty, cultural and environmental poverty, and structural poverty. Design/methodology/approach: The research sample consisted of poor individuals living in coastal and island areas in South Sulawesi, with the unit of analysis being poor households. The sample size was 273 people. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the general characteristics of poor households, and Chi-Square analysis was used to assess the relationship between social characteristics and income levels. Findings: Through Chi-Square analysis, it was found that age, education, and main occupation had a significant relationship with family income. Hence, In poor coastal communities, productive age, education, and occupation are crucial factors in achieving higher family income and maintaining socioeconomic welfare in the future. Research, Practical & Social implications: The findings have practical implications for policymakers and practitioners working to reduce poverty in coastal communities. The identified factors such as age, education, and occupation can guide targeted interventions, including providing free education and promoting alternative livelihoods beyond traditional occupations. Originality/value: This study offers valuable insights into the characteristics of poor households in coastal communities in South Sulawesi and their relationship with income levels.

LabTA Model, a Guide to Empower Rural Communities: A new approach from university social responsibility to mitigate energy poverty in vulnerable rural communities

LabTA Model, a Guide to Empower Rural Communities: A new approach from university social responsibility to mitigate energy poverty in vulnerable rural communities

Multilevel modelling of the determinants of early marriage among women aged 20-49 years in South Africa.

Early marriage is a societal problem that affects many young women in developing countries. There are not many studies which have focused on the determinants of early marriage in South Africa. This study aimed to examine multilevel determinants of early marriage among women in South Africa. We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. We found that age, level of education, spousal/partner educational differences, age at first sex, parity, household wealth, community poverty, place of residence, and province were statistically associated with early marriage. We also found that women with primary education, women from poor households, from Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, and Free State had higher odds of early marriage. Our findings underline the need for public awareness campaigns, geared towards teaching rural communities about the various laws that protect children from early marriage and related practices.

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Impact on Poverty in Indonesia

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been implemented in Indonesia to promote economic development and attract foreign investment. In economic literature, there is still debate, as the available literature still needs to provide a clear conclusion on how place-based policies such as SEZs can affect well-being. The synthetic control method is employed in this study to examine the impact of SEZs on poverty rates at both the district and city levels using data from 2005 to 2021. By delving into the relationship between SEZs and poverty, this study seeks to shed light on the effectiveness of SEZs in addressing poverty in local communities. It compares it with the counterfactual district/city, a synthetic of districts/cities that do not have SEZs in their region. The results of this study found that of the eight districts/cities that have SEZs, the existence of SEZs has a varying impact on poverty levels, with an increase in poverty in four districts/cities and a decrease in poverty in the other four districts/cities, the study also reveals the complexity of the social impacts of place-based policies like SEZs.

Spatial diversity of Village Funds in reducing Poverty in West Sumatra Province

One of the efforts to improve the community's welfare and poverty alleviation requires an integrated development program and synergized based on local resources. One of the efforts is the village fund program, are funds provided for villages sourced from the state budget and are used for government administration, implementation of development and empowerment of village communities. This paper examines the spatial diversity of the effectiveness of the Village Fund in reducing poverty in West Sumatra Province from 2015 to 2020 (data from the Ministry of Finance). The unit of research analysis is the regency/municipal that receives the Village Fund assistance. This study uses Geographically Weighted Regression, with dimensions of observing the allocation of Village Funds and poor people. The study results show that the Village Fund cannot reduce poverty in the beneficiary regencies/municipals. The number of Village Funds disbursed increases every year, but the number of poor people also increases; only three districts, namely Limapuluh Kota, Pesisir Selatan, and Kepulauan Mentawai, have decreased in 2020. The Village Fund Program is ineffective in reducing poverty in West Sumatra Province due to the Village Fund allocation percentage being more prominent for village government operations. The allocation of Village Funds for the administration of village government is much larger than what is mandated by law, which is 30%. The main objective of the Village Fund Program is to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality. To achieve this noble goal, it is necessary to evaluate the distribution of Village Funds. This study looks at the effectiveness of the Village Fund in reducing poverty, and looks at the spatial diversity of the effectiveness of the Village Fund in beneficiary regencies/municipals.

The Role of Fisherwomen in Improving the Economy and Education of the Family in Kampung Bugis Village, Tanjungpinang City

Tanjungpinang is an area consisting of islands, most of which are coastal, where the people make their living as fishermen which is still related to the problem of community poverty and has become a phenomenon from year to year in coastal areas. Fisherwomen can create empowerment for coastal communities. In this discussion, the fisherman's wife is one of the household members who can increase the family income. This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques through observation, and historical interviews and supported by documentation. Interviews were conducted with fisherwomen in Bugis Tanjungpinang Village. The results of this research show that women who live in coastal areas, especially the Bugis Village area, have an influential role in increasing family income and quality of education. The results of fishing women's income can be seen from the fulfillment of primary and secondary needs including tertiary needs. The husband and wife relationship can meet the needs of the family by working together to improve family welfare. Another thing that can be seen is the quality of family education which has increased as many generations have continued their education. The husband and wife relationship can meet the needs of the family by working together to improve family welfare. Another thing that can be seen is the quality of family education which has increased as many generations have continued their education. The husband and wife relationship can meet the needs of the family by working together to improve family welfare. Another thing that can be seen is the quality of family education which has increased as many generations have continued their education.

Economic Impact of Wheat Sowing Through Zero Tillage Technique against Broadcasting under Hot Sub-humid (Moist) Eco-Region Uttar Pradesh, India

Aims: The production of cost of wheat is higher in farmers practice than the zero tillage sown of wheat due to non-adoption of recommended resource conservation technology, high-yielding varieties and advanced technologies by the farming community in the eastern plains of Uttar Pradesh. To replace this anomalous, we conducted 204 front-line demonstrations (FLDs) at farmers' fields in various adopted villages by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deoria.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malhana, Deoria, under the Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, UP. A total of 90, 12 and 50 FLDs were conducted under raised bed sowing with three varieties of pigeon pea ( Narendra Arhar 1, Pusa Bahar and Narendra Arhar 2) from 2014-15 to 2018-19 respectively.
 Methodology: Prior findings were examined to identify any gaps and to enlist everyone's assistance in disseminating such a technology of global relevance. In the eight years from 2011–12 to 2018–19, a total of 204 FLDs were carried out at the 230 farmer’s fields in the 32 villages where wheat was sown by zero tillage
 Result: Rice-wheat cropping systems are the most often used agricultural method in Uttar Pradesh, India's hot, sub-humid (wet) eco-region. It provides farmers and agricultural labourers with a source of subsistence and revenue and is a crucial aspect of the region's infrastructure for food safety. In order to attain sustainable yield, it is always thought necessary to employ other alternatives of conserving essential inputs by adopting resources conservative techniques (RCT), such as zero tillage and broad bed furrow (BBF). According to the economic analysis of the data presented in the current study, zero tillage wheat farming is the most cost-effective and appealing alternative for the agricultural community of eastern Uttar Pradesh. When compared to the broadcasting method, the zero tillage technique yielded a higher return and a lower cost of cultivation per acre. Finally, the use of this strategy raises farmers' net returns, improves their social standing, living conditions, livelihood, and ultimately reduces poverty in the farming community.
 Conclusions: The new approach lowers production costs while producing equivalent wheat yields to other methods, which leads to higher net returns. Farmers in the area have begun to appreciate the technology's reduced tillage costs. Rice-wheat is the prevalent farming system practiced by the majority of farmers in the region. In the future, the prospect of extending the method to sow wheat after other crops should be investigated.

Trade openness and non-income poverty in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries: A panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) analysis

Trade openness and non-income poverty in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries: A panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) analysis