Community Sample Of Adults Research Articles

Evidence of method effects in the authoritarianism-conservatism-traditionalism scales

Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) is notoriously complex, multifaceted, and difficult to measure as a psychological construct. Recently, Duckitt et al. developed the ACT scales, offering theoretical refinement of the RWA construct. Although the validity of the ACT scales had been supported by a considerable body of research, shortcomings in previous analyses cannot rule out the existence of possible method effects. In the present research, we sought to test for the presence of such effects in a representative community sample of adults in Singapore (N = 738). We re-evaluated the factor structure of the ACT scales by assessing four separate models using an item-based approach in our confirmatory factor analyses. Results found significant method effects associated with both the pro-trait and con-trait items in the ACT scales. The implications of these results and possible strategies for controlling method effects in the ACT scales are discussed.

AGE DIFFERENCES EMOTION GLOBALIZING: AN EXAMINATION OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Abstract Emotion globalizing is an individual difference variable referring to the extent to which daily variations in an individual’s current emotions spillover into their evaluations of life satisfaction. The present research sought to: 1) extend the conception of emotion globalizing to stressor-related emotions, 2) examine age differences in these processes, and 3) differentiate associations with evaluations of life satisfaction and day satisfaction. To do so, we used daily diary data from two adult lifespan community samples [Study 1: N = 133 females, age range = 23-78; Study 2: N = 137, age range = 18-95]. Multilevel models revealed older (compared to younger) adults exhibited less negative (but not positive) emotion globalizing and stressor-related emotion globalizing. No age differences were revealed in the association between stressor-related emotions and day satisfaction. These findings support and extend assumptions underlying the mechanisms of emotion globalizing and inform theories of emotional aging.

Anthropometric determinants of blood pressure changes in a community sample of adults in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria

Objective: To determine the predictability of rise in Blood Pressure (BP) parameters, by the various components of excessive weight gain, in a population-based sample of adults in Sokoto, Nigeria.
 Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on a community sample of adults attending a free medical screening.
 Setting: An open-space free medical service carried out in a Sokoto community.
 Subjects: All consenting, non-pregnant adults that participated in the event were included.
 Main Outcome Measures: Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was applied to determine the variability strengths of body weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Lean Body Mass (LBM) and Body Fat (BF), on Systolic BP (SP), Diastolic BP (DP), Pulse Pressure (PP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Pulse Rate (PR). Slope of the relationship between dependent and independent variables were also determined.
 Results: BF was a more consistent influencer of BP rise beyond other anthropometric parameters. BF versus SP and MAP are respectively; β-coefficient =0.357, CI =0.264 1.162, p=.002 and β-coefficient = 0.455, CI =0.324 0.890, p=.000. The influence of BMI on DP was β-coefficient =0.457, CI =0.564 1.555, p=.000 and influence of body weight on PR was β-coefficient =0.270, CI = 0.037 0.471, p=.023.
 Conclusion: To assess the risk of excess weight gain on BP elevation, the BF component of body weight or BMI be given more attention and should be part of the targets of lifestyle modifications aimed at controlling hypertension and forestalling its complications.

The psychometric properties of the Vietnamese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire

BackgroundAlthough recent decades have witnessed a growing interest in mindfulness with the development of many mindfulness scales and their adaptation to different cultures, there has been no attempt at developing or adapting a mindfulness scale for Vietnamese people. To fill this gap and encourage the study of mindfulness in Vietnam, we adapted a 20-item short-form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-20) into Vietnamese, which we called the FFMQ-V, and examined its psychometric properties in a series of three independent studies.MethodsIn Study 1, using a college sample (N = 412) we conducted several exploratory factor analyses to elucidate the factor structure of the FFMQ-V. In Study 2, using an independent college sample (N = 344) we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the goodness-of-fit for all obtained factor models from Study 1. In this study, we also examined the discriminant validities of the FFMQ-V by correlating mindfulness and other related psychological constructs, including acceptance, nonattachment, depression, anxiety, and stress. In Study 3, we replicated all data analyses in Study 2 using a community sample of young adults (N = 574).ResultsAcross all Studies, our results indicated that the hierarchical five-factor model with method factors best captured the latent structure of the FFMQ-V. Our results also showed that the mindfulness facets met our expectations as they correlated positively with the acceptance and nonattachment and negatively with the depression, anxiety, and stress.ConclusionsIn aggregate, our EFA and CFA results provided strong evidence for the hierarchical five-factor model with method factors in both community and college samples, suggesting that the FFMQ-V can be used to measure trait mindfulness of the Vietnamese young adults.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Poor Sleep Quality in Older Adults: The Influence of Cognitive Reappraisal

AbstractBackgroundPoor sleep quality is associated with increased risk for developing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in older age. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with sleep impairment across the lifespan, but little is known about modifiable factors that may ameliorate this relationship.MethodData were obtained from an online questionnaire completed by a community sample of older adults (N = 267). The questionnaire included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory, an Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and measures of pain, health conditions, and other psychosocial information. Moderation analyses were used to examine the interaction between ACEs and the positive reappraisal facet of CERQ on sleep quality in older adults, while accounting for the effects of sex, income, pain, body mass index, and health.ResultACEs were significantly associated with worse sleep quality in older adults, and this effect was moderated by positive reappraisal (ps<.05). For individuals reporting greater use of positive reappraisal skills, ACEs had no effect on sleep quality, whereas for individuals reporting less frequent use of positive reappraisal, ACEs were associated with substantially worse sleep quality. This relationship remained significant after accounting for sex, income, pain, body mass index, and health conditions in the model.ConclusionThe effects of early adversity on sleep quality persist into older age and may ultimately contribute to further health and cognitive problems. However, the modifiable emotion regulation skill of positive reappraisal appears to protect against sleep impairment in individuals with higher ACEs. These findings provide valuable information on techniques that may be beneficial for developing lifestyle interventions for high‐risk older adults.

Physical, psychological and pandemic fatigue in the fourth wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong: population-based, cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo examine the physical, psychological and pandemic fatigue during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the correlates of fatigue using a representative, population-based, community sample of Chinese adults in Hong...

Adverse childhood experiences: Pathways to internalising and externalising problems in young adulthood

AbstractAlthough adverse childhood experiences have been closely linked to a variety of adjustment difficulties in adulthood, less is known about which specific adverse experience or combinations of experiences are differentially predictive of internalising and externalising problems. This would undoubtedly enhance early adverse childhood experiences prevention and intervention programmes. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of adverse childhood experiences (abuse and neglect) on deviant behaviour, as well as depressive, anxious and stress symptoms in a community sample of Spanish young adults aged 18–20 years old (N = 270). All participants were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling methods as part of the International Study SOCIALDEVIANCE1820. All answered self‐report questionnaires about sociodemographic issues, adverse childhood experiences as well as current deviant behaviour and current internalising symptoms. Regression and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis showed that experiencing either physical abuse or a combination of emotional abuse and emotional neglect may lead to externalising problems in men. Internalising problems, however, were linked to the cumulative effect of multiple adverse experiences and were more frequent in women. These pathways to both externalising and internalising problems suggest a differential impact of adverse experiences.

The Dispositional Essence of Proactive Social Preferences: The Dark Core of Personality vis-à-vis 58 Traits

Individuals differ in how they weigh their own utility versus others’. This tendency codefines the dark factor of personality (D), which is conceptualized as the underlying disposition from which all socially and ethically aversive (dark) traits arise as specific, flavored manifestations. We scrutinize this unique theoretical notion by testing, for a broad set of 58 different traits and related constructs, whether any predict how individuals weigh their own versus others’ utility in proactive allocation decisions (i.e., social value orientations) beyond D. These traits and constructs range from broad dimensions (e.g., agreeableness), to aversive traits (e.g., sadism) and beliefs (e.g., normlessness), to prosocial tendencies (e.g., compassion). In a large-scale longitudinal study involving the assessment of consequential choices (median N = 2,270; a heterogeneous adult community sample from Germany), results from several hundred latent model comparisons revealed that no meaningful incremental variance was explained beyond D. Thus, D alone is sufficient to represent the social preferences inherent in socially and ethically aversive personality traits.

The risk of exercise addiction mediates the relationship between social media use and mental health indices among young Iranians

Exposure to social media can motivate some individuals’ desire to be thinner and to attain an ideal body shape. This may also motivate a minority of individuals to engage in extreme exercise. Moreover, both problematic social media use and problematic exercise can have detrimental effects on mental health. A community sample of Iranian adolescents (n = 562; mean age = 14.95 years [SD ± 1.70]; 62.5% female) and young adults (n = 745; mean age = 26.19 years [SD ± 7.42]; 60.5% female) participated in an online survey designed to evaluate the mediating role of exercise addiction in the relationship between problematic social media use and mental health consequences. Results indicated that 2.7% of adolescents and 4.4% of young adults were at risk for exercise addiction. After controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and educational attainment level, the results indicated that problematic social media use significantly predicted exercise addiction. Among both adolescents and adults, exercise addiction significantly mediated the association between problematic social media use and mental health consequences including psychological distress (β s = 0.06–0.12), insomnia (β s = 0.07–0.09), body image concern (β s = 0.19–0.10), and compulsive eating (β s = 0.06–0.07). Given that exercise addiction mediated the relationship between problematic social media use and mental health consequences, it is recommended that public health campaigns are needed for Iranian adolescents and young adults to raise their awareness about the potentially detrimental health consequences in relation to problematic social media use and exercise addiction. The findings suggest a need for an additional cross-cultural study examining the effect of social media on exercise addiction, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding to help in terms of prevention and intervention for adolescents and emerging adults both in and outside of Iran.

Predictors of illicit substance abuse/dependence during young adulthood: A machine learning approach

Prior studies have found an especially high prevalence of illicit substance use among adolescents and young adults in Brazil. The current study aimed to employ machine learning techniques to identify predictors of illicit substance abuse/dependence among a large community sample of young adults followed for 5 years. This prospective, population-based cohort study included a sample of young adults between the ages of 18–24 years from Pelotas, Brazil at baseline (T1). The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to assess illicit substance abuse/dependence. A clinical interview was conducted to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and psychopathology. Elastic net was used to generate a regularized linear model for the machine learning component of this study, which followed standard machine learning protocols. A total of 1560 young adults were assessed at T1, while 1244 were reassessed at the 5-year follow-up period (T2). The strongest predictors of illicit substance abuse/dependence at baseline (AUC of 0.83) were alcohol abuse/dependence, tobacco abuse/dependence, being in a current major depressive episode, history of a lifetime manic episode, current suicide risk, and male sex. The strongest predictors for illicit substance abuse/dependence at the 5-year follow-up (AUC: 0.79) were tobacco abuse/dependence at T1, history of a lifetime manic episode at T1, male sex, alcohol abuse/dependence at T1, and current suicide risk at T1. Our findings indicate that machine learning techniques hold the potential to predict illicit substance abuse/dependence among young adults using sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, with relatively high accuracy.

Anabolic-androgenic steroid use: Patterns of use among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults

BackgroundAndrogenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) use is relatively common among international recreational and community samples and is associated with several deleterious side effects and health consequences that have not been studied recently among a large Canadian sample. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess and describe characteristics of AAS users compared to non-AAS users among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults. MethodsData from 2,774 adolescents and young adults from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors were analyzed. Participants were recruited via social media advertisements and completed the survey online. Survey items measured sociodemographics, AAS use, AAS side effects, motives for AAS use, AAS administration, body satisfaction, other illicit substance use, mental health, and violence involvement. ResultsAmong the overall sample, 1.6% of participants reported lifetime AAS use, with the majority of users being White, heterosexual males. Most users strived to gain weight, with main motives for AAS use including increased muscularity and strength, and improved appearance. Most AAS users were satisfied with their body compared to non-users. Approximately one in five users had AAS dependence and experienced multiple adverse side effects. Few differences between users and non-users in self-reported mental health were found. ConclusionFindings indicate that AAS use among a community sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults is an important health issue, particularly given the relatively high occurrence of AAS dependence and adverse side effects reported by users. Findings support the need for education and intervention efforts from healthcare professionals. Further investigations among Canadian AAS users may provide more insight regarding the unique supports these individuals require.

Assessment of acute and non-acute suicide crisis symptoms: Validation of the Korean version of the acute suicidal affective disturbance inventory.

Suicide risk assessment is predominantly based on assessing current/recent suicidal ideation and past suicidal behavior. However, suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempt are poor predictors of imminent suicide risk or crisis. The acute suicidal affective disturbance inventory-lifetime (ASADI-L) was developed to assess symptoms of acute suicidal affective disturbance, which includes a drastic increase in suicidal intent, perceptions of social and/or self-alienation, hopelessness, and overarousal. However, the ASADI-L has not yet been validated in a Korean population. Also, the ASADI-L has only been validated for people who experience a drastic increase in suicidal intention over the course of hours or days (i.e., the acute suicidal intention group) and not validated for those who experience suicidal intention for a longer period (i.e., the non-acute suicidal intention group). Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) validate the ASADI-L in a sample of Korean community adults; and (2) compare clinical characteristics of the acute and non-acute suicidal intention groups. Among 1,675 community adults, data from 682 participants who reported a lifetime drastic increase in suicidal intent were analyzed. Results indicated that the ASADI-L has relevant reliability, validity, and a unidimensional factor structure. The acute suicidal intention group had higher ASAD symptoms as well as clinical symptoms than the non-acute group, but the two groups did not differ in history of suicide attempt. Overall, these findings suggest that the ASADI-L is a valid measure of acute and non-acute suicidal affective disturbance among Korean adults. Further investigation of the differences in acute and non-acute suicide risk is warranted.

Unsupervised mobile app-based cognitive testing in a population-based study of older adults born 1944.

Mobile app-based tools have the potential to yield rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive measures for detecting dementia-related cognitive impairment in clinical and research settings. At the same time, there is a substantial need to validate these tools in real-life settings. The primary aim of this study was thus to evaluate the feasibility, validity, and reliability of mobile app-based tasks for assessing cognitive function in a population-based sample of older adults. A total of 172 non-demented (Clinical Dementia Rating 0 and 0.5) older participants (aged 76-77) completed two mobile app-based memory tasks-the Mnemonic Discrimination Task for Objects and Scenes (MDT-OS) and the long-term (24 h) delayed Object-In-Room Recall Task (ORR-LDR). To determine the validity of the tasks for measuring relevant cognitive functions in this population, we assessed relationships with conventional cognitive tests. In addition, psychometric properties, including test-retest reliability, and the participants' self-rated experience with mobile app-based cognitive tasks were assessed. MDT-OS and ORR-LDR were weakly-to-moderately correlated with the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC5) (r = 0.3-0.44, p < .001) and with several other measures of episodic memory, processing speed, and executive function. Test-retest reliability was poor-to-moderate for one single session but improved to moderate-to-good when using the average of two sessions. We observed no significant floor or ceiling effects nor effects of education or gender on task performance. Contextual factors such as distractions and screen size did not significantly affect task performance. Most participants deemed the tasks interesting, but many rated them as highly challenging. While several participants reported distractions during tasks, most could concentrate well. However, there were difficulties in completing delayed recall tasks on time in this unsupervised and remote setting. Our study proves the feasibility of mobile app-based cognitive assessments in a community sample of older adults, demonstrating its validity in relation to conventional cognitive measures and its reliability for repeated measurements over time. To further strengthen study adherence, future studies should implement additional measures to improve task completion on time.

Intermittent fasting: Describing engagement and associations with eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology among Canadian adolescents and young adults

Intermittent fasting has grown in popularity over the past several years. However, intermittent fasting has also been shown to relate to eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology, yet little research has explored this relationship in epidemiological samples. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine prevalence and characteristics of engagement in intermittent fasting, and associations with eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology. Data from the Canadian Study of Adolescent Health Behaviors, a national study of Canadian adolescents and young adults (N = 2762) were analyzed. Multiple modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between intermittent fasting (past 12 months and 30 days) and eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology (measured using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire). Overall, 47.7 % of women, 38.4 % of men, and 52.0 % of transgender/gender non-conforming (TGNC) participants reported engaging in intermittent fasting in the past 12 months. Intermittent fasting in the past 12 months and 30 days was significantly associated with eating disorder psychopathology among women, men, and TGNC participants. Varying patterns of association between intermittent fasting and eating disorder behaviors were found across genders, with the most consistent relationships between intermittent fasting and ED behaviors in women. Findings underscore the common nature of intermittent fasting among a large, community sample of adolescents and young adults across Canada, as well as associated eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology. Continued research is needed to further understand the effects of intermittent fasting, as clinical and public health efforts are needed to protect the health of adolescent and young adults.

Obesity prevention: a pilot study on community workshops delivered by art therapists

ABSTRACT Background Overweightness, obesity, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes are prevalent and associated with additional physical and mental health problems in the US. Aims The primary aims were to explore the potential efficacy of six one-time psychosocial art-based community workshops for obesity and disease prevention in increasing motivation to change health and eating behaviours, and confidence in the ability to manage emotional eating. An additional aim assessed if the workshops would be positively evaluated by community participants. Methods This programme evaluation used a pre-test post-test one-group design to explore the effectiveness of the psychosocial art-based community workshops (N = 40). The workshop included an empirically supported drawing protocol. Hypotheses included: (1) increased motivation to change health and eating behaviours, (2) increased confidence in the ability to manage emotional eating, and (3) high workshop satisfaction. Results Motivation to change health and eating behaviours significantly increased, but confidence in managing emotional eating did not. Workshops received positive evaluations. Conclusions Participation in the psychosocial art-based community workshops inspired motivation to change health and eating behaviours. Implications Art therapists should consider using psychosocial art-based community workshops to generate motivation for change and prevent obesity. Plain-language summary There is an established connection between overweightness, obesity, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and other physical and mental health problems. Psychological, community, and art-based interventions have been shown to improve weight management and associated problems. Multidisciplinary and integrated approaches, including community, mental, and physical health fields are needed. An integrated psychosocial art-based community workshops for pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and obesity related risk prevention with a community sample of adults was developed and piloted. Motivation to change health and eating behaviours significantly increased, but confidence in managing emotional eating did not significantly change. Workshop evaluation ratings were high, suggesting positive reception of integrated workshops. Overall, results supported the workshop’s potential effectiveness in increasing motivation to change health and eating behaviours.

Direct measurement of mitochondrial coupling efficiency is associated with affective distress and fatigue in a community sample of adults

Direct measurement of mitochondrial coupling efficiency is associated with affective distress and fatigue in a community sample of adults

Reliability and construct validity of the general factor of personality disorder.

Criterion B of the alternative model of personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), outlines maladaptive trait dimensions that characterize personality disorders. Emerging evidence from bifactor confirmatory factor analyses suggest these traits are related at a higher order level by a general factor of personality disorder (g-PD). Further, emerging evidence points to traits most closely related to borderline personality disorder as underpinnings of g-PD. Further investigation is required to better understand the shared basis of personality disorder, with attention to the reliability and validity of g-PD. The g-PD theory was examined in a clinical (n = 242), and community sample (n = 252) of adults, using a brief form of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Structural analyses supported a correlated 6-factor model and a bifactor solution, validating the g-PD structure. Reliability indices supported the unidimensionality, reliability, and replicability of the g-PD factor. The strongest loading and most unidimensional items on the g-PD factors were from the Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition trait domains, partially replicating the trait profile of borderline personality disorder traits. In validity analyses, the nomological network of the general and specific factors were examined. g-PD was more strongly correlated with internalizing measures and impairment than specific factors, but specific factors were more strongly correlated with thought disorder and externalizing measures than g-PD. Our results support the nature and reliability of a general factor characterized by Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition unifying personality disorder traits in a brief form of the PID-5. Implications for the alternative model of personality disorder, PID-5, and g-PD theory are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Synergies vs. Clustering Only of Depressive Symptoms in Diabetes and Co-Occurring Conditions: Symmetric Indicators with Asymmetric, Bidirectional Influences in MIMIC Models

I extend multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models to unveil unbiased, asymmetric, bidirectional influences using indicators of the same items within variable-defined subgroups. The strategy discerns (1) item-variation in interaction (and derivative) terms that capture synergies and cluster together (formative or causal indicators) from (2) item-variation in duplicate terms when items lack synergy and cluster together only (reflective or effect indicators). An item may reveal either or both influences. These symmetric indicators yield estimates of (1) the unique variation and synergy of each formative indicator within the structural model portion of the MIMIC model (based on moderated regression) and (2) the remaining shared variation in the reflective indicator within the measurement model portion (based on confirmatory factor analysis). I reveal two patterns of comorbidity in disease subgroups of a specific co-occurring condition across a community sample of older adults and in age and gender subsamples. First, as structural model indicators, depressive symptoms may display different synergies as they cluster within a disease subgroup of diabetes and a specific co-occurring condition. As measurement model indicators, depressive symptoms capture non-synergistic clustering within the disease subgroup. Second, diabetes may mediate the co-occurring condition when depressive symptoms lack synergies but cluster within the disease subgroup. Researchers should distinguish both comorbidity patterns, which have different implications. I offer insights for adaptive modeling, conceptualizing and screening symptom clusters, metabolomics, and economic or social monitoring.

Prevalence of psychopathy in a community sample of Spanish adults: Definitions and measurements matter.

The main objective of this work is to examine the prevalence of psychopathy in the general adult population from the main currently existing theoretical perspectives of psychopathy, using for this purpose the five-factor or Big Five model as a common language that allows the comparison and integration of the personality traits considered as defining psychopathy by these different perspectives. The NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) was applied to a sample of 682 adults of the general Spanish population. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical psychopathy was calculated according to six different definitions of these two constructs based on Hare's, Lilienfeld's, triarchic, and DSM-5-hybrid models, and the simultaneous presence of a minimum number of personality traits that differed from the sample mean by one standard deviation. Prevalence rates for the different definitions were consistently low, indicating that the prevalence of clinical psychopathy in the general Spanish population is around 0.55%, and that of subclinical psychopathy is around 1.65%. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of psychopathy. These results question the alarmist claims that warn about the existence in society of a very high number of people with psychopathy who can cause many social, economic, physical, and psychological damage to others.

Cortical and subcortical grey matter correlates of psychopathic traits in a Japanese community sample of young adults: sex and configurations of factors' level matter!

While neuroimaging research has examined the structural brain correlates of psychopathy predominantly in clinical/forensic male samples from western countries, much less is known about those correlates in non-western community samples. Here, structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed using voxel- and surface-based morphometry to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of psychopathic traits in a mixed-sex sample of 97 well-functioning Japanese adults (45 males, 21-39 years; M = 27, SD = 5.3). Psychopathic traits were assessed using the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP-SF; 4th Edition). Multiple regression analysis showed greater Factor 1 scores were associated with higher gyrification in the lingual gyrus, and gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala/hippocampus border. Total psychopathy and Factor 1 scores interacted with sex to, respectively, predict cortical thickness in the precuneus and gyrification in the superior temporal gyrus. Finally, Factor 1 and Factor 2 traits interacted to predict gyrification in the posterior cingulate cortex. These preliminary data suggest that, while there may be commonalities in the loci of structural brain correlates of psychopathic traits in clinical/forensic and community samples, the nature of that association might be different (i.e. positive) and may vary according to sex and configurations of factors' level.