Community Readiness Model Research Articles

MIDWIFERY SERVICE MANAGERS’ READINESS FOR PREVENTION OF OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: A COMMUNITY READINESS MODEL

Obstetric violence is a public health problem that needs to be prevented at all levels to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes. The midwifery service managers, as custodians of patient care in maternity centres are in a prime position to develop and implement effective obstetric violence prevention interventions. This study explored the midwifery service managers’ level of readiness for the prevention of Obstetric Violence in three maternity centres at three separate hospitals in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data was collected from six midwifery service managers as midwifery community leaders, using the adapted Community Readiness Model as a data collection tool. The Community Readiness Model scoring guide was used to score the six dimensions of community readiness. In addition, a thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data from their views on each of the six dimensions of the Community Readiness Model. The findings revealed an overall level of readiness for the prevention of obstetric violence among midwifery service managers was at level five which is the preparatory level. This means that the community has a modest readiness for Obstetric violence prevention, and it would be easier to develop sustainable prevention interventions for obstetric violence. Understanding the midwifery service managers’ level of readiness for the prevention of obstetric violence is important for governments and other stakeholders intending to develop obstetric violence prevention interventions that are contextually appropriate and acceptable to communities.

Kesiapan Masyarakat Lokal dalam Pengembangan Desa Carangsari sebagai Desa Wisata di Kabupaten Badung

This study aims to determine the level of readiness of the local community in the development of Carangsari Village as a tourist village in Badung Regency, using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data collection used survey techniques, interviews, and documentation. A total of 98 respondents were obtained using purposive accidental sampling technique, and the determination of informants was carried out using snowball sampling technique, by first determining key informants. Data were analyzed descriptively using the community readiness model. The results showed that the readiness level of Carangsari Village scored 7.8 and was at the preparation stage. This means that the local community of Carangsari Village is still in the preparation stage to carry out efforts to develop a tourist village, with leadership characteristics and the availability of information in Carangsari Village already classified as good. However, community involvement and cooperation with other stakeholders still cannot improve community readiness in the development of tourism villages. The dimension of readiness that has the highest score of 9.4 is leadership, while the dimension with the lowest score of 5.4 is community efforts.

Exploring the Needs of Electricity in Indonesian Rural Area: A Community Readiness Model Approach

Exploring the Needs of Electricity in Indonesian Rural Area: A Community Readiness Model Approach

Physical activity to address mental health in a remote Australian community: community readiness assessment

PurposeThe mental and physical health of those residing in Australian rural and remote communities is poorer compared to major cities. Physical health comorbidities contribute to almost 80% of premature mortality for people living with mental illness. Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is a well-established intervention to improve physical and mental health. To address the physical and mental health of rural and remote communities through LTPA, the community’s level of readiness should be first determined. This study aims to use the community readiness model (CRM) to explore community readiness in a remote Australian community to address mental health through LTPA.Design/methodology/approachIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted using the CRM on LTPA to address mental health. Quantitative outcomes scored the community’s stage of readiness for LTPA programmes to address mental health using the CRM categories of one (no awareness) to nine (high level of community ownership). Qualitative outcomes were thematically analysed, guided by Braun and Clark.FindingsThe community scored six (initiation) for community efforts and knowledge of LTPA programmes and seven (stabilisation) for leadership. The community’s attitude towards LTPA and resources for programmes scored four (pre-planning), and knowledge of LTPA scored three (vague awareness).Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first Australian study to use CRM to examine community readiness to use LTPA to improve mental health in a remote community. The CRM was shown to be a useful tool to identify factors for intervention design that might optimise community empowerment in using LTPA to improve mental health at the community level.

Assessment of Community Readiness to Address Malnutrition in Rural Southwest Guatemala

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is prevalent throughout southwest Guatemala, where >40% of children suffer from chronic undernutrition. Evidence supports that assessing a community's awareness and readiness to address malnutrition is a critical first step in improving the success of a nutrition intervention program. The objective of this study was to apply the community readiness model (CRM) to assess community readiness to address childhood malnutrition in a rural southwest region of Guatemala.MethodsThirteen key respondents of varied social roles and demographics residing in the region were interviewed. Interview questions related to addressing malnutrition were from the following predefined dimensions: Community Efforts, Community Knowledge of Efforts, Leadership, Community Climate, Community Knowledge, and Resources for Efforts. Interview recordings and notes were analyzed and scored according to the CRM guidelines, and a standardized analysis was conducted.ResultsThe overall community readiness score was 4.26 (preplanning: awareness of the issue). Community Efforts had a total score of 5 (Preparation: preparing to take action on the issue). Community Knowledge of Efforts, Community Climate, Community Knowledge, and Resources for Efforts Dimensions each had a total score of 4 (Preplanning: awareness of the issue). The overall score for the Leadership dimension was 2 (Denial/resistance: belief that the problem does not exist within the community). These scores demonstrate clear recognition for action to address childhood malnutrition as a problem. However, efforts to combat childhood malnutrition are not yet focused nor detailed for community action.ConclusionsThis rural southwest region of Guatemala recognizes that childhood malnutrition is a problem. However, efforts to address malnutrition are not yet focused or detailed enough to have measurable impact in addressing this issue. For the region to advance the stage of community readiness, it is essential to enhance knowledge of dietary strategies aimed at improving nutrition for children and increase engagement from local leadership.

Assessing departmental readiness to support minoritized faculty

AbstractThough increasing numbers of racially and ethnically minoritized (REM) individuals earn PhDs and national initiatives focus on faculty diversity, challenges persist in recruiting, hiring, and retaining REM faculty. While a pervasive issue nationally, the literature predominantly focuses on faculty diversity at research‐intensive institutions. This exploratory case study pilots a readiness instrument to evaluate the commitment and willingness of a biomedical department at a primarily undergraduate institution to embrace faculty diversity before initiating a postdoctoral faculty conversion program. We introduce the Community Readiness Model (CRM) into an academic context, offering academic departments a robust framework and tool to evaluate readiness and capacity to recruit, retain, and support REM faculty.Practical Takeaways Academic departments can be conceived of as a type of community. The adapted Department Readiness Tool can be a valuable method of evaluating a department's readiness to support the success of underrepresented minority faculty. Departments may score highly on some areas of readiness but relatively low on others, which provides insight into where time and resources should be invested to improve readiness.

Effect of stage-matched educational intervention on use of institutional delivery in Northwest Ethiopia: using community readiness model.

even though there are many initiatives to improve institutional delivery, there are low service utilization and community readiness for institutional delivery in Ethiopia. This study assessed the role of community readiness on delivery service use. a pre-and post-test design with a control group was used for the evaluation of the stage-matched educational intervention following the protocol of the community readiness assessment model. Based on the baseline assessment of community readiness among 15 kebeles where the study was conducted, the overall score of nine kebeles was below stage-5 out of the nine stages, which were targeted for the intervention. The intervention group (n= three kebeles) participated in the stage-matched intervention for 15 months, while the control group (n= three kebeles) were not given the intervention. The data were analyzed using the difference in difference (DiD) method. there were significant improvements in a stage of change for the promotion of institutional delivery (p-value <0.001) and institutional delivery use (p-value <0.001) in the intervention group as compared to the control group. The study revealed that the intervention influenced community resource allocation (at marginally significant levels), improved leader-ship quality of prevention, and community climate to supportive prevention efforts. There was evidence that the intervention (health promotion) also increased service use at a significant level. the community readiness-based intervention (health promotion) can be useful to measure the combined attitude and behavior towards institutional delivery services. The village-based mobilizer approach had a positive effect on institutional delivery use and the level of community readiness on the promotion of institutional delivery.

Analysis of community readiness in the process of revitalizing tourism villages: a case study of Sidoharjo Tourism Village, Yogyakarta

Rural tourism has become an alternative concept trend in rural economic development in Indonesia in the last decade. Tourism in rural areas is a business sector expected to improve the economy of rural communities, one of which is in the Sidoharjo Tourism Village located in Kulon Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. According to data from the Tourism Village Network of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, Sidoharjo Tourism Village is a tourism village with a developing category because of its diverse attractions. However, initial observations show that Sidoharjo as a tourism village product has not fully fulfilled the elements of developing a tourism village ecosystem with a developing category listed in the 2021 Tourism Village Guidelines. Therefore, the revitalization of the Sidoharjo Tourism Village is significant. For that, we need to analyze the readiness of the tourism village ecosystem to support revitalization with the Community Readiness Model approach. Data collection techniques using semi-structured interviews, observation, and literature study. The study's results revealed that the people of Sidoharjo were in the pre-planning stage. This result shows that the residents of Sidoharjo are not ready to support the revitalization of the Sidoharjo Tourism Village into an advanced tourist village. The analysis results also reveal that the tourism village category developed by the government version does not match the facts at the research location. Sidoharjo Tourism Village has returned to being a tourism village in the pioneer category due to the stagnation in the development of tourism products.

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMUNITY-ENGAGED DEMENTIA EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR THE VIETNAMESE AMERICAN COMMUNITY

Abstract Despite the life-threatening escape from Vietnam, Vietnamese refugees’ health data are scarce. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed the Vietnamese Aging and Care Survey (VACS) and examined the health of community-dwelling older Vietnamese (≥65 years) in Houston, Texas, the 2nd largest Vietnamese-populated metropolitan area in the U.S. The data revealed their adverse health conditions including a high prevalence of cognitive impairment. We proposed a Community-Engaged Dementia Education Program to improve the community’s dementia literacy based on the Cultural Exchange Model as a conceptual framework. Using Edwards’ 9-stage Community Readiness Model, 14 Vietnamese key informants assessed their current literacy level (Aim 1). To develop dementia educational materials (Aim 2), the informants formed focus-group discussions. We used thematic analysis to analyze the community’s understanding of dementia and developed educational materials. Key informants were aged 58 years (mean), Vietnam-born (93%), married (79%), college-educated (72%), women (86%), and full-time employees (79%). They lived in the U.S. for 39 years and in Houston for 30 years. Themes such as the Vietnamese community’s low dementia literacy, their perception of dementia as a normal part of aging, and suggestions for introducing dementia conversations to the community emerged. We considered a one-pager as appropriate educational material, and included culturally- and linguistically-appropriate content and its translation, a target population’s image, and dementia warning signs encouraging them to see their doctors for cognitive check-ups. Our next steps include utilizing local ethnic social media, disseminating the one-pager, and offering a “Brain Booth” at various Vietnamese health fairs.

A culturally and linguistically tailored Community-Engaged Dementia Education Program (CEDEP) for the Houston Vietnamese American community.

Data from the Vietnamese Aging and Care Survey (VACS) showed the high prevalence of disability, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment in older Vietnamese immigrants and refugees. We proposed a Community-Engaged Dementia Education Program to examine the Houston Vietnamese American community's literacy on dementia and develop a one-pager educational material. This is a cross-sectional, qualitative study (interviews and focus groups) using the Cultural Exchange Model as a conceptual framework. We interviewed fourteen Vietnamese key informants and assessed the community's knowledge of dementia based on Edwards' 9-stage Community Readiness Model. The community's low literacy on dementia (Stages 2-3: Denial/resistance to vague awareness) was revealed. Approaches to introducing dementia conversations to the community and what to include in the one-pager were discussed. Based on the key informants' insight, we developed a dementia one-pager tailored to the community by using lay language with a representative image of the target population, indicating warning signs of dementia, and encouraging them to see their doctors for cognitive check-ups. The plan for the next steps includes utilizing the local ethnic media, collaborating with the existing pillars of the Cultural Exchange model, leveraging the university students' learning opportunities, and disseminating the culturally and linguistically tailored one-pager.

Addressing community readiness to promote physical activity in older adults in Germany.

Community-based approaches are promising to promote physical activity in old age. The community readiness (CR) model offers a structured approach to assess community capacities to address a certain health topic before and after implementing an intervention. The objective of this study is to assess whether community-based capacity building for physical activity among the elderly has a lasting effect on CR. Four communities (two sub-urban and two urban) in Northwestern Germany were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. CR was assessed at three time points (2015, 2018 and 2020) by interviewing local key informants (n = 129). Community capacity building was carried out in the two intervention communities after baseline assessment and included the development and implementation of a local physical activity action plan for elderly. Overall CR scores were calculated and random effects regression analysis was performed to analyze group-by-time interaction. At baseline, the overall CR score was 4.62 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.51) indicating that communities were in the preplanning stage of CR. CR scores in the intervention communities did not significantly increase at follow-up assessments compared to control communities [2018: 4.82, coefficient -0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.80; 0.73); 2020: 4.54, coefficient 0.19, 95% CI: (-0.59; 0.97)]. The process evaluation indicated several factors facilitating a successful cooperation with community stakeholders. These included building on existing networks, using a structured approach for developing and implementing a local physical activity action plan for older adults, providing financial support for implementing activities and linking activities to existing community events.

Addressing the marketing and availability of unhealthy food and beverages in and around selected schools in Ghana: a community readiness appraisal

ObjectiveThis study assessed stakeholder readiness to address unhealthy food and beverage marketing and availability in/around Public Basic Schools (for children 4–15 years) in Greater Accra Region, the highly urbanised administrative...

Community Readiness Assessment of the "Take TIME for Your Child's Health" Intervention.

Take TIME (Tobacco-free, Injury-free, Moving daily, Eating healthy) was an early intervention strategy targeting community readiness to support healthy lifestyles for young children in Uxbridge, Canada. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Take TIME using the Community Readiness Model adapted for childhood obesity prevention. Six interviews were completed in Uxbridge, before and after the intervention, with purposively selected community leaders in education, political, business, religious, not-for-profit, and healthcare fields. Each interview was rated independently by two scorers. Interview content was scored (scale from 1 to 9, with 1 being no awareness and 9 being a high level of community ownership) according to the Community Readiness Model criteria on six dimensions, with overall readiness calculated as the mean score of all dimensions. T-tests compared readiness by time-point and between communities. Overall community readiness significantly improved (p = 0.03) in Uxbridge from pre-intervention (3.63 ± 1.14 vague awareness) to post-intervention (5.21 ± 0.97 preparation). Seven interviews were also completed with leaders in the matched town of Rockwood, Canada which served as the control community. Rockwood readiness was close to the Uxbridge post-intervention score (5.35 ± 1.11). Results indicated increased awareness and leadership support post-intervention in Uxbridge, but further improvements in community knowledge, formalized efforts, and additional leadership support are desired. Take TIME increased community readiness to support healthy lifestyles for young children and may be useful to other communities at similar stages, given its theoretical alignment with the community readiness model. Future research should investigate the impact of Take TIME in demographically diverse communities and appropriate interventions to move communities from the preparation to the action stage.

Réduire le fardeau de l’hépatite C et favoriser la santé des communautés autochtones au moyen d’une pratique infirmière culturellement cohérente : une revue narrative des écrits

Introduction : Les populations autochtones au Canada sont disproportionnellement touchées par le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC). L’intégration des cultures et savoirs autochtones aux interventions de santé est fragmentée et la pratique infirmière présente des lacunes à cet égard. Objectifs : Cette revue narrative des écrits visait à analyser les interventions communautaires de lutte au VHC réalisées auprès de populations autochtones afin de proposer des recommandations pour renforcer la pratique infirmière en matière de VHC et la rendre plus cohérente aux besoins et valeurs des communautés autochtones. Méthodes : Des méthodes d’examen rapide ont été adoptées. Les bases de données CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE et Cochrane et le moteur de recherche Google ont été consultés. Le modèle de réceptivité communautaire de Stanley et al., (2014), qui favorise le développement d’interventions appropriées selon les forces, la problématique et le contexte, a guidé l’analyse. Résultats : Au total, 24 sources ont servi à analyser 13 projets d’intervention. Des similarités sont ressorties dans 11/13 projets d’intervention adoptant une approche holistique (n=11) et/ou une approche de réduction des méfaits (n=7), ce qui comprend une relation de confiance, sans jugement et non stigmatisante. La mobilisation communautaire était inhérente aux 13 projets d’intervention et c’est par une approche axée sur l’autodétermination que les infirmières étaient les plus susceptibles d’inciter cette mobilisation nécessaire à l’intervention en matière de VHC. Discussion et conclusion : Avec une approche holistique de la réduction des méfaits, l’infirmière pourrait davantage soutenir l’autodétermination et la mobilisation communautaire afin de réduire efficacement le fardeau du VHC vécu par les communautés autochtones.

Readiness of a U.S. Black community to address suicide

Communities need to be ready to address increased suicide among Black Americans. The Community Readiness Model (CRM) provides an established assessment for marginalized communities facing suicide. CRM assessment of the Northeast Ohio Black community involved interviews with 25 representatives, analysis using rating scales, co-scoring, and calculation. Results include a marginal overall score and low to average scores for five dimensions: knowledge of efforts to address suicide, leadership, community climate, knowledge of suicide, and resources. The vague awareness readiness stage indicates the community is unclear about what can be done to address suicide and has not taken ownership of the issue. We highlight implications for mental health practice, prevention and funding campaigns, and consultation with community leadership for culturally informed prevention strategies targeting areas of lowest readiness. Future research should use expanded designs to examine readiness changes from intervention in this and other Black communities.

Local’s Participation in Evolving Gastronomy Tourism in Ubud and Beyond

The Ministry of Tourism has chosen Ubud to represent the UNWTO gastronomy destination prototype. The locals' involvement in creating an inclusive gastronomy destination deserves consideration because they have a significant stake and direct role in integrating its culinary characteristics to create a distinctive gastronomy destination. By evaluating the local's readiness and identifying the potential of its gastronomic features, this study seeks to investigate the locals' participation in developing gastronomic tourism in Ubud and beyond. Through interviews with key informants, such as local leaders, governments, organizations, and associated practitioners, and observations, this research determines the level of locals' participation by evaluating their readiness. In addition, interviews with local's representatives at 13 tourism villages in Ubud and beyond, who are members of BUMDes Bersama Gianyar Aman, were also conducted. Data analysis was performed through the Community Readiness Model approach and analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that the local readiness level is at the fourth stage. Even though it is still in the pre-planning stages, the locals are prepared to develop gastronomy tourism. The leadership dimension is primarily influencing the level of local's readiness. Meanwhile, the dimension of community efforts needs to be improved in responding to local's readiness by increasing involvement in various efforts.&#x0D; Keywords: Gastronomy Destination, Local’s Participation, Community Readiness Model, Tourism Village; Ubud.

Communicating Native American Cancer Efforts and Resources in the Great Plains.

American Indians' cancer disparities vary by region, signifying the importance of understanding community-specific levels of readiness to address cancer. Twenty-four key respondents from an urban American Indian community in the Great Plains, community leaders (n = 8), educators (n = 8), and students (n = 8), were interviewed following the Community Readiness Model. Using framework analysis, we qualitatively examined data related to efforts and resources in interview transcripts. One overarching emergent theme and three subthemes were identified. We found that communication of efforts and resources is critical to increasing community readiness to address cancer and is most successful when the community (1) prioritizes cancer as an issue in the community, (2) cultivates trusting relationships among stakeholders, and (3) practices cultural responsiveness in efforts. These findings emphasize the need for better communication of cancer efforts and resources and can inform strategic efforts to promote cancer prevention, treatment, and research among American Indians/Alaska Natives in the Great Plains.

Evaluating Community Capability to Prevent and Control COVID-19 Pandemic in Shenyang, China: An Empirical Study Based on a Modified Framework of Community Readiness Model.

Community plays a crucial role in the successful prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. However, evaluation of community capability to fight against COVID-19 is rarely reported. The present study provides a first attempt to assess community capability to combat COVID-19 in Shenyang, the capital city of Liaoning province in Northeast China, based on a modified framework of a community readiness model. We conducted semi-structured interviews with ninety key informants from fifteen randomly selected urban communities to collect the data. The empirical results indicate that the overall level of community capability for epidemic prevention and control in Shenyang was at the stage of preparation. The specific levels of the fifteen communities ranged from the stages of preplanning to preparation to initiation. Concerning the level of each dimension, community knowledge about the issue, leadership, and community attachment exhibited significant disparities between communities, while there were slight differences among communities on community efforts, community knowledge of efforts, and community resources. In addition, leadership demonstrated the highest overall level among all the six dimensions, followed by community attachment and community knowledge of efforts. Community resources displayed the lowest level, followed by community efforts. This study not only extends the application of the modified community readiness model to evaluate community capability of epidemic prevention in the Chinese community context, but also offers practical implications for enhancing Chinese communities' capabilities to deal with various future public health emergencies.

The telemedicine community readiness model-successful telemedicine implementation and scale-up.

To successfully scale-up telemedicine initiatives (TIs), communities play a crucial role. To empower communities fulfilling this role and increase end users' acceptance of TIs, support tools (from now on entitled artifacts) are needed that include specific measures to implement and scale up telemedicine. Addressing this need, the article introduces the Telemedicine Community Readiness Model (TCRM). The TCRM is designed to help decision-makers in communities to create a favorable environment that facilitates the implementation and scale-up of TIs. The TCRM is a practical tool to assess communities' readiness to implement TIs and identify aspects to improve this readiness. The development process follows a design-science procedure, which integrates literature reviews and semi-structured expert interviews to justify and evaluate design decisions and the final design. For researchers, the paper provides insights into factors that influence telemedicine implementation and scale-up (descriptive role of knowledge) on the community level. For practitioners, it provides a meaningful tool to support the implementation and scale-up of TIs (prescriptive role of knowledge). This should help to realize the potential of telemedicine solutions to increase access to healthcare services and their quality.

Adapting the Community Readiness Model and Validating a Community Readiness Tool for Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs in Iran.

It is critical to assess community readiness (CR) when implementing childhood obesity prevention programs to ensure their eventual success and sustainability. Multiple tools have been developed based on various conceptions of readiness. One of the most widely used and flexible tools is based on the community readiness model (CRM). This study aimed to adapt the CRM and assess the validity of a community readiness tool (CRT) for childhood obesity prevention programs in Iran. A Delphi study that included 26 individuals with expertise in 8 different subject areas was conducted to adapt the CRM into a theoretical framework for developing a CRT. After linguistic validation was conducted for a 35-question CR interview guide, the modified interview guide was evaluated for its content and face validity. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed using Stata version 13 and MAXQDA 2010, respectively. The Delphi panelists confirmed the necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of all 6 CRM dimensions. The Persian version of the interview guide was then modified based on the qualitative results of the Delphi study, and 2 more questions were added to the community climate dimension of the original CRT. All questions in the modified version had acceptable content and face validity. The final CR interview guide included 37 questions across 6 CRM dimensions. By adapting the CRM and confirming linguistic, content, and face validity, the present study devised a CRT for childhood obesity prevention programs that can be used in relevant studies in Iran.