Community Policing Model Research Articles

A japán kōban közösségi rendészeti modell

Aim: The author aims to provide information on the Japanese kōban model for those interested in community policing. At the same time, he highlights the social and political conditions in Japan that have been necessary for the success of the kōban policing model.Methodology: The author conducted an empirical data collection based on interviews and participant observation in Japan in 2022. The data collection was supported by a professor, formerly a police officer, who was active in police educationand research during the fieldwork period. This support was crucial in enabling the author to contact police leaders, community police officers, criminologists and other professionals. In addition, relevant literature and legal background on the subject were analysed.Conclusions: In addition to the commitment of the government, collectivism and norm-following, which are characteristic of Japanese society, contributed to the success of community policing. In addition, it was necessary to build a crime prevention network based on the involvement and activation of the public, and on cooperation between the police and local voluntary organisations.Value: The results make it clear that the introduction or adoption of elements of a community policing model must take into account the specificities of the society concerned. The article also draws attention to the role and potential of comparative criminology.

Effectiveness of administrative and legal mechanisms for the implementation of community police in EU countries: the case of Ukraine

The Community Policing model is an approach to public safety that focuses on collaboration between police and the community. This model has been implemented in many EU countries, and the objective of this study is to analyze their experience. The study used the formal-legal method, the comparative-legal method, the content analysis method and statistical observation. As a result of the research carried out, the main tools to introduce the concept of Community Policing in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Denmark and France were characterized. It was established that these tools aim to engage the public in collaboration, education and instruction of law enforcement personnel, providing guidance and consultation to citizens, as well as analysis and deterrence of criminal activities. Various forms of police interaction with the public in the United Kingdom are examined and the official website of the country's police service is characterized as a good example of an electronic platform for interaction with citizens. The results of the study can be applied by law enforcement agencies to optimize the implementation of the Community Policing concept, taking into account international experience. Future research may highlight the specific forms of, in particular, the Neighborhood Watch Network and the Home Watch Network.

Resilience policing and disaster management during Australia's Black Summer bushfire crisis

Policing landscapes are being transformed by disaster risks associated with climate change. ‘Resilience policing’ is described as an emergent model of security governance that builds upon established state-based community policing traditions to support the management of these complex risks and hazards. The assumption is that established policing capabilities might be harnessed to enhance disaster resilience. Empirical research on resilience policing is lacking however, and it is unclear whether this model is truly innovative, or simply a progression of established community policing models. This article explores these questions by considering how local police contributed to disaster management activities in a remote rural community which was directly impacted by Australia's catastrophic Black Summer bushfires in 2019–20. Our qualitative, empirical case study illustrates how institutionalized learnings, organizational and systemic reforms, and everyday policing activities enhanced the absorptive and adaptive capabilities of police as emergency responders, emergency management networks, and local residents. Our analysis indicates that a resilience policing model, anchored in existing community engagement and partnership-working methods, may hold promise as a means of enhancing the adaptative capacity of police and improving alignment between policing and emergency management networks. Less optimistically, it reveals potential obstacles to adapting this template for use in complex policing environments, sustaining institutional focus and adaptive capabilities amidst poly-crises, and aligning policing roles and mandates with transformative climate adaptation agendas.

Implementing Community Policing Model for Crime Reduction: Lessons for Pakistan

In recent years, the Pakistani crime rate appears to have risen considerably. In the meantime, police forces in Pakistan are incapable of successfully combating crime, upholding the law, ensuring the protection of the populace, and combating the spread of militancy. Due to the severity of the deteriorating law and order situation, the government is compelled to invest excess revenue in crime-fighting groups. Thus, there is an urgent need to deploy a new crime-control strategy known as community policing, which on the one hand, minimizes these growing crimes, increases employment prospects, and on the other hand, strengthens the community's relationship with the police. This study also investigates the efficacy of community policing in reducing crime in various countries. In addition, the necessity and challenges of building a community policing system in Pakistan are discussed. In addition, the study highlighted the obstacles to implementing community policing in Pakistan, such as police corruption and misuse of power, the presence of mistrust between the community and police, a severe lack of facilities and infrastructure, and insufficient police department transparency and openness. Community policing is the most effective strategy for controlling crime and fostering healthy connections between the community and the police in Pakistan, according to the overall findings of the study.

Policy Solutions: The policy of school policing

More than half of U.S. schools have no police presence on their campuses. Jonathan E. Collins proposes that all school buildings be free of police. School resource officers (SROs), he writes, do more harm than good. An alternate policy that would remove SROs from schools involves the framework of the community policing model. This model focuses on engaging students in full and deep discussions and problem-solving that reveals what students think of school safety and the root cause of school violence.

Analysis of the Quality of Peace and Security from the Perspective of Community Policing in Lira city, Northern Uganda

Uganda faces an ever-upward rate of urban criminality; this has led to continued loss of lives and property. Security officials, especially, the Uganda Police Force have embraced a range of approaches to mitigate, avert and/or evade crime but none appears to yield sustainable outcomes. The decade ending 2020 witnessed the espousal of ‘community policing as an innovative approach to detecting and thwarting urban crime. Obtainable literature indicates that community policing is a paradigm shift grounded in the principles of policing by the consent of the community. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the quality of peace and security from the perspective of selected community policing models. Two questions are answered, namely; (a) how does intelligence-led policing enhance peace and security among slum dwellers in Lira city west division? And (b) how does zero-tolerance policing enhance peace and security among slum dwellers in the Lira city west division? A Case study design was adopted in eight purposely selected slums. The participants who were resourceful during data collection are; elected leaders, civil servants, security operatives, retired security officers, and media practitioners. Results suggest that the Intelligence-led policing model has the potential to enhance the protection of security information from unauthorized persons. Thus enabling the Police Force to dislodge organized crime in the slum areas. Also, Zero-tolerance policing model provides efficient management of security investigations since the Police Force can gather evidence to facilitate the prosecution of offenders. Thus, a combination of both models is key in enhancing peace and security among slum areas in Lira City.

Peran Bhabinkamtibmas dalam Melakukan Penanggulangan Kejahatan di Wilayah Hukum Polrestabes Medan

The purpose of this study was to determine the legal setting, inhibiting factors and the role of Bhabinkamtibmas in Combating Crime in the jurisdiction of the Medan Polrestabes. The research method used in this study is normative juridical research with a statutory and conceptual approach, while the data collection instruments use observation, documentation studies and interviews. While the data analysis is descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that: The legal arrangements that regulate Bhabinkantibmas include Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police, Regulation of the National Police Chief No. 3 of 2015 concerning Community Policing, and the Decree of the Chief of Police No. Pol : SKEP/737/X/2005 October 15, 2005 Regarding Policies and Strategies for Implementing Community Policing Models. Factors that can hinder crime prevention are influenced by several things, including the organizational structure of Bhabinkamtibmas Polrestabes Medan, human resource factors, budget factors, facilities and infrastructure factors, and community attention and support factors. Its role is to carry out preventive crime prevention actions through the implementation of the Community Police (Polmas) program, the Door to Door System Program and carry out Repressive Crime Prevention Actions through the Problem Solving Program.

Community Satisfaction With Policing on Guam

Guam is a Pacific Island in Micronesia with a complex colonial history. Strategically located, Guam is an unincorporated territory of the United States and critical military asset. Policing on Guam is influenced by external stakeholders and budgetary limitations. Recently, a community policing model was introduced to better meet community needs and expectations. This study explored the relevance of predictors of satisfaction with police service provision in the Guamanian context. Residents of Guam ( n = 701) participated in a survey that included demographic characteristics, community context, and police–citizen interactions. Satisfaction with police service provision was predicted by age and perceptions of procedural justice, police performance, and police legitimacy. Higher income predicted lower satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of police legitimacy and related constructs for satisfaction with police service provision on Guam. Initiatives that focus on police performance and procedural justice may help improve satisfaction with police service provision on Guam.

Delineating the relationship between maritime insecurity and COVID-19 pandemic on West African maritime trade

In this paper, three steps are made. First, an effort is made to show a consequential effect of maritime insecurity on seafarers and marine professionals; they are at risk of a complicated string of processes that impact their lives. Second, there is the risk to the environment and property. Third, the economic cost of traditional maritime crimes is examined against the potential maritime trade expansion from implementing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Third, the policy and regulatory measures implemented in the region against piracy are assessed to propose additional measures for improvement. Essentially, the study deploys a case study approach with a three-year field observation over the Gulf of Guinea region and is supported by outcomes of various remote interviews, in addition to online surveys conducted over three months—findings are juxtaposed with the estimated cost of piracy and potential implications for policies driving economic advancement. The results showed inadequate maritime surveillance despite enormous legal frameworks amidst the current structures of regional and international corporations. The piracy cost is high and inevitable as a factor of insurance coverage passed onto end consumers. Response to piracy has been reactionary rather than proactive, as attacks have continued in territorial and offshore areas into 2021. The impact will be visible on AfCFTA post-COVID-19. The study highlights the need for a community-based approach to surveillance modelled after the community policing model currently implemented in Ghana.

Community policing as a partnership between the police and the community: a european experience

The article analyzes the concepts, philosophy, principles and basic forms of Community Policing as a model of interaction between the National Police of Ukraine and the population. A historical digression of the formation of the Community Policing strategy was made and it was proved that it was based on the implementation of the basic principles of modern police of Robert Peel, modified and tested in the law enforcement agencies of democracies. It is proposed to define Community Policing in the sense of a community-based approach to policing, which recognizes that effective policing depends on community assistance and support and is based on innovative collaboration between the police and the community to jointly identify and solve problems. facing the community. It has been proved that Community Policing, as a model of interaction between the police and the population, has its own philosophy and certain organizational principles. The purpose of realization of the Community Policing model is substantiated and defined and the expected results of its introduction in Ukraine are formulated. The most promising forms of interaction between the police and the population within the model are analyzed. Community Policing operating in Ukraine. The experience of European countries on the implementation of Community Policing and the possibility of its implementation in Ukraine is studied, the main legal acts regulating the functioning of the Community Policing model in Ukraine are analyzed.

Information sharing in community policing in Europe: Building public confidence

The literature on the importance of procedural justice in policing is extensive. Using the context of information sharing in community policing, this paper argues that interactional, procedural and distributive justice are salient in interactions between the police and the public, both online and face-to-face. Structured interviews ( n = 161) were conducted with members of young minority groups and intermediaries (who work with minorities and police agencies) across nine countries in Europe. Our analysis of barriers and facilitators to sharing information with the police highlights processes of interactional, procedural and distributive justice in building public confidence. We highlight theoretical and practical implications of relevance to policing internationally. Our findings show that demonstrating aspects of interactional justice (attitude and behaviour, accessibility and communication, personal contact and relationships); procedural justice (responsiveness and efficiency, data protection and security); and distributive justice (outcomes and effectiveness, equity in distribution of policing services) have a role in building public confidence and facilitating information sharing with police online and face-to-face. We conclude that in addition to micro-level interactions, meso-level social processes (e.g. community policing models and data protection and security procedures) can be useful in enhancing public confidence.

Can “Nudge” Salvage Community Policing against Terrorism?

ABSTRACT Since the mid-2000s, the fear of “homegrown” terrorism in most developed democracies has prodded police to partner with local Muslim communities as a proactive and preventive approach to Islamic extremism. However, despite practical variations, this model of counterterrorism community policing (“CTCP”) has faced a comparable challenge—the lack of legal and moral legitimacy within counterterrorism law enforcement which erodes Muslim communities’ trust and confidence in policing. Drawing on common critiques of CTCP in the U.S., the U.K. and Australia, this article aims to proffer a behavioral-economics view to promote intended goals of CTCP. Borrowing the ideas of Nudge Theory, my discussion suggests that community engagement within CTCP could be stimulated more effectively through a subtle process of trust building whereby residents are coaxed toward cooperation through indirect encouragement, assistance and facilitation. Through a case study of CTCP in Muslim communities, it is argued that nudge entails the refrainment of the political and media narrative from conflating Islamist ideology with the prime source of domestic terrorist danger. At the grassroots level, the nudge-oriented CTCP is contingent upon community representatives taking on a more active and forefront role in CTCP with police reducing their visibility to only facilitate in the background.

Tradicionani i savremeni model rada policije na bezbednosnom sektoru

The paper discusses sector work as the basis of efficient policing. There are two models to be discussed. The first model is the model applied during the period of socialism and social self-protection and the second is the one in the period after the year 2000 when implementation of community policing experiences taken from the developed countries started. In the period of socialism, the sector work was recognized as a form of decentralization of the police force, a suitable form for conducting preventive work and as a way to incorporate the police force into the system of social self-protection successfully. The patrolman in a sector enjoyed the trust and respect of the citizens. Being deployed in a particular sector for several years, he knew the people, the territory, and the security problems in that area. The sector work (both conceptually and practically) has many similarities with the community policing model whose implementation should lead to the transformation of the conventional way of doing police work and restore the confidence of citizens in the police. Community policing brought the reaffirmation of the patrolman and sector work, and taking on many of its recognizable programs, methods and techniques can contribute to adaptation and application of the traditional sector work to modern conditions.

Predictive policing in hospitality and tourism venues — The case of Orlando

The association between crime and tourism has been studied for more than 40 years. Most of the studies, however, have focused on differentiating crimes against tourists from crimes against locals despite the high correlation between the two. To date, there are only a few studies that have pointed out to the role of location and time in tourism-crime analysis despite the existence of theoretical frameworks such as routine activity, hot spot, and rational choice that validate the role of temporospatial analysis in tourism/hospitality crimes. Furthermore, prior literature has only used the predictive policing model in relation to police-criminal activities. This study, however, claims that by using the principles of the predictive policing model in conjunction with the community policing model, benefit can be derived from active public participation in preventing/disrupting crimes that have temporospatial patterns. In order to address the gap and achieve the purpose of the study, 160,947 structured observations of Orlando police public records from 2009 to 2015, types and locations of crimes, decision tree models of classification and regression (CART or CRT), and chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) were employed. The results confirm that crimes at recreation/tourism and hospitality venues have a clear temporospatial pattern and, as such, they could potentially be intervened in and reduced with active participation of the public. • Hospitality and tourism venues are soft targets for criminal activities. • Investigates temporospatial patterns in tourism-crime analysis. • Community-policing can be resurrected using principles of predictive policing. • Residents/visitors can actively participate in preventive acts.

Community-based policing in COVID-19: a 4-P’s priorities of Vietnam’s police

ABSTRACT While the COVID-19 pandemic is still infecting without unpredictable estimations around the world, the role of law enforcement in the deal with this crisis is still debating. Mainly, among multidisciplinary research studies, the question of policing and police responses to deal with this virus is necessary to look for different approaches and several comparisons between national, regional, and international scale. This paper is the first study to introduce and analyse the model of community policing in COVID-19 in Vietnam as a new lens to balance between sensor and convince in policing. Using mixed methods research to combine between primary and secondary data in the period of five continuous phases, from January to July 2020, the study looks for how the 4-P's approach in policing of Vietnam contributed to limit the spread of the virus. Main findings pointed out that proactive activities, propaganda approaches, protective measures, and preventable forms are prioritised to implement in the community-based policing (CBP) to prevent and combat COVID-19. Depending on each scenario and relevant requirement, these four initiatives of Vietnam’s police will be conducted as flexible and harmonic as possible based on people-centred approaching. Finally, the paper identifies some practical recommendations that need further discussions to improve the effectiveness of CBP in health crisis in the future.

POLICIAMENTO COMUNITÁRIO NO CEARÁ

O conceito de Segurança Pública como direito individual, social, fundamental e garantido constitucionalmente no Brasil é um tema alvo de diversas discussões, estudos e proposituras de políticas públicas que visam a paz social. Após um período de alta nos índices de criminalidade no Ceará, um candidato ao Governo do Estado, lança uma proposta inovadora: o Programa Ronda do Quarteirão. Baseado em estudos de modelos de policiamento comunitário pelo mundo, este programa é bem recepcionado pela população cearense e leva o seu propositor à vitória nas eleições. Realizada sob uma perspectiva qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico e documental, esta pesquisa objetiva realizar uma análise deste programa de policiamento comunitário que, mesmo levando um candidato à eleição e reeleição com resultados expressivos, durou apenas uma década. Após breve explanação do sistema de segurança pública e policiamento ostensivo brasileiros, são abordadas questões que envolvem e relacionam polícia e política. É realizado memorial descritivo do Programa Ronda do Quarteirão abordando seu início, desde a fase piloto do projeto até sua implantação de fato, bem como sua expansão da capital para o interior do Estado; sua atuação com as devidas expectativas, avaliações e críticas; e o período de declínio e de extinção deste projeto. Depreende-se, deste estudo, a necessidade social de um sistema de policiamento que se aproxime da população e que eleve o agente policial a uma condição de transformador social. Porém, esta não é uma tarefa fácil, as políticas públicas devem estar atentas às dinâmicas sociais e, a estas, se adequar.

Implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de la adopción del Modelo de Servicio de Policía Comunitaria en Honduras

The impulse of institutional reforms of the police forces in Latin America has brought with it the implementation of new practices that, for the most part, are aimed at strengthening the police-community bond. In Honduras, since 2016, the National Police has adopted a National Model of the Community Police Service, within the framework of a process aimed at changing the police identity, which historically has been closer to an exercise of authority and control over to the community. The intersubjective role that the community plays in the exercise of the police function is examined in this paper with the aim of exploring the nature of community policing. This and the aforementioned make visible the need to recognize and overcome the challenges in order to successfully implement the community policing model in Honduras.

Police Reform and Community Policing in Kenya: The Bumpy Road from Policy to Practice

A reform is underway in Kenya, aimed at transforming the police organization into a people- centred police service. Among other things, this involves enhancing police-public trust and partnerships through community policing (COP). Two state-initiated COP models have been implemented: the National Police Service’s Community Policing Structure, and the Nyumba Kumi model of the President’s Office. On paper, police reform and the two COP models would appear to have the potential to improve police-public cooperation. In practice, however, implementation has proven difficult. Interviews and meetings with local community organizations, community representatives and police officers in urban and rural parts of Kenya indicate that scepticism towards the two COP models is common, as is refusal to engage in them. But why is this so? Why are these two COP models unsuccessful in enhancing police-public trust and cooperation? This article analyses how various contextual factors—such as conflicting socio-economic and political interests at the community and national levels, institutional challenges within the police, the overall role and mandate of the police in Kenya, and a top-down approach to COP—impede the intended police paradigm shift.

The Direction of Police Community Policy In The Prevention of Traffic Accidents In Polda Metro Jaya

AbstractThere are three core functions of the police, law enforcement, order maintenance, and services to the community or public services. One part of the law enforcement function is preventing and overcoming traffic violations. Traffic accidents have a large and detrimental impact, and this is one from many indicator of the success of the police. Traffic accidents are often caused by drivers who does not obeying the rules, so they endanger themselves or others. In addition to violations by drivers, other things that become the factors occurrence of traffic accidents are road quality, human error, and vehicle worthiness.The purpose of this study was to determine the direction of community policing policies in dealing with traffic violations, and efforts to develop community policing models by paying attention to public participation and the role of the police in preventing traffic violations.The results obtained show that significant factors that caused the occurrence of high accidents per population were factors related to drivers or human factors, where the dominant violation was a violation of the speed limit. By knowing that the main factor of accidents is the human element, the policies taken to overcome this are policies related to humans, namely community policing.Keywords: Police Community, Traffic Violations, Traffic Accidents

Challenges of Countering Terrorist Recruitment in the Lake Chad Region: The Case of Boko Haram

This article attempts to shed light on the challenges confronting relevant actors (state and non-state) in countering the threat of terrorism recruitment by focusing on the Boko Haram terrorist organization, whose presence and activities threaten the security of the Lake Chad region. The article uses a qualitative research technique combining key informant interviews with stakeholders familiar with the conflict, academic and non-academic documents, reports, and policy briefs. The findings of the article suggest that despite the various initiatives by stakeholders aimed at containing the strategies of recruitment, the group continues to expand its base by launching coordinated attacks that further destabilize the region. These challenges stem from a lack of a clear-cut counterterrorism strategy, a dearth in technological and mutual trust between actors and locals in the management and utilization of intelligence, and the inability of state institutions to ‘coerce and convince’ citizens in terms of its capacity to counter the danger of terrorism recruitment and expansion. The article, amongst other things, recommends a community policing model similar to the ‘Nyumba-Kumi security initiative’ adopted by most countries in East Africa for the effective assessment and detection of threat forces; the state and its agencies should show the capacity to coerce and convince in dealing with the (ideological, religious, social, and economic) conditions, drivers, and factors promoting the spread of terrorism as well as other forms of violent extremism in the society; furthermore, there is a need for stakeholders to adopt a comprehensive and holistic counterterrorism/violent extremism strategy to reflect present-day security challenges as well as to guarantee sustainable peace.