Income Communities Research Articles

The sustainable economic value of agroforestry products in community forest areas in Suka Tendel Village, Tiga Nderket District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province

Abstract Most of agroforestry products are non-timber forest products which are a source of income for communities around the forest. Suka Tendel Village is a village located in a Community Forest area which has various agroforestry commodities. This research aims to identify the potential agroforestry product and annual crops, determine the ability of variables (age, education, length of farming, land area, number of types, number of stems, and capital) in explaining the variable income of farmer groups in the Social Forestry management area in Suka Tendel Village. The method used is the observation and survey method by interviewing members of active farmer groups, then continuing with analyzing the data using financial feasibility analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, 4 species agroforestry commodities and 7 species of annual crop commodities were found. The ability of the independent variables (age, education, length of farming, land area, number of types, number of plants and capital) simultaneously to explain income at Gundaling farmer is 48.7% with the remaining 51.3% being influenced by other variables.

Pre-disaster income inequality and post-disaster mental health: A natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

BackgroundWe sought to test the hypothesis that communities with a high degree of income inequality are ill-equipped to deal with crises. Specifically, we tested whether pre-disaster higher income inequality increases the risk of worse mental health conditions in the aftermath of disaster. MethodsWe examined the association between pre-disaster community income inequality and post-disaster mental health outcomes in a prospective cohort study of older adults (≥65 years) who survived the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The baseline survey of participants (completed in 2010) predated the disaster by seven months. Survivors completed three waves of post-disaster surveys in 2013, 2016, and 2019. To assess the level of income inequality, the Gini index was calculated using individual income data in 2010 aggregated to 98 communities (range 0.05–0.50: median = 0.32) and categorized into tertiles (low, middle, high). Depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were assessed in the three post-disaster surveys using validated instruments. Multilevel analysis was conducted adjusting for pre-disaster characteristics. ResultsHigher levels of community income inequality were associated with higher PTSS scores across time (2013: β = 0.14, 95%CI = −0.01, 0.29; 2016: β = 0.16, 95%CI = 0.03, 0.29; 2019: β = 0.12, 95%CI = −0.01, 0.24). The association between income inequality and mental health was partly attenuated by adding the change in social capital to the model (2013: β = 0.14, 95%CI = -0.01, 0.29; 2016: β = 0.15, 95%CI = 0.03, 0.28; 2019: β = 0.11, 95%CI = -0.01, 0.22). ConclusionOur findings suggest that pre-disaster income inequality may explain PTSS symptoms in the aftermath of a disaster, and the relation may be mediated by disaster-related change. Further study to reveal its mechanism is needed for the policy recommendation.

Dynamics of living income for coffee farming households in agricultural area development policy: Socio-spatial integration

A decent income is an important part of overcoming economic disparities in agricultural development, especially in developing countries where most of the population are small farmers. As a developing country, Indonesia has also established a decent standard of living by setting a minimum wage as a reference for a decent income at the national and regional levels. However, this benchmark is not relevant to be applied uniformly at all levels of workers. This research determines the national coffee development area as the study center. We developed the Anker living wage methodology as a simple concept for determining living income for certain worker communities, especially for small farmers in rural areas who dominate the type of work in Indonesia. a socio-spatial approach is used to visualize the distribution of the dynamics of a decent life in various conditions of farming households. We found that 96.6% of coffee farming households in the national coffee development area had an inadequate living income, and only 3.4% were at an adequate level. We conclude that the current state of agricultural land management does not guarantee a decent income, even though efforts have been made to maximize agricultural crop productivity. The spatial description also shows that this condition is evenly distributed throughout residential areas. It is hoped that this approach can become an essential reference in implementing agricultural development programs that focus on welfare and equitable development as benchmarks for sustainable development goals in the future.

ROLE OF STAKEHOLDERS AND EXOGENOUS VARIABLES AFFECTING THE OUTCOME OF SOCIAL FORESTRY POLICIES IN CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Social forestry (SF) is Indonesian policy that aims to provide legal access to the community in utilizing forest resources and seek sustainable forest management, contributing to the community's economic improvement. This study examines the action situation of implementing SF policies in Central Sulawesi Province and analyses the roles of stakeholders and exogenous variables determining SF policies' outcomes. The Institutional Analysis Development (IAD) framework was applied in the study by identifying and analyzing the action situation and its relation to the implementation of SF in Central Sulawesi. The research revealed that the implementation of social forestry in Central Sulawesi Province is not optimal. This is indicated by the fact that local institutions have not achieved self-governance, the sustainability of forest function has not been realized, and the social forestry programs have not significantly increased the income of the local community.. Implementing the SF policy depends on the facilitator's capacity at the site level and stakeholders' support. The action for strengthening social forestry at site levels requires strong collaboration among stakeholders by considering their interests and capacities. These findings suggested the urgency of future research to examine strategies for governing the role of stakeholders in boosting local institutional capacity and the outcomes of SF policies.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Budidaya Maggot sebagai Alternatif Pakan Ikan Lele di Desa Banyuates

Catfish farming is increasingly in demand by the community, but feed costs are one of the main challenges in catfish farming. The purpose of this community service is to improve the education and skills of catfish farmers in utilizing organic waste to be processed to replace processed feed utilizing organic waste to be processed into a substitute for feed in the form of maggots. Community service activities are carried out through socialization and training in maggot cultivation using organic waste as the main ingredient with the biological agent Black Soldier Fly. Maggots have a high protein content of 49.67%, carbohydrates contained in maggots of 0.18%, and fat content of 21.17%. The method used in this community service is Community Based Research, which is a community-based research that depends on the active participation of catfish farmers. This community service is carried out in several stages, namely delivering materials, questions and answers and discussions, the results of which lead to the utilization of organic waste and community education in producing maggots as catfish feed. This training is able to provide solutions and skills and increase community income from maggot cultivation for entrepreneurship.

Household Economy and its Relation to Household Head and Women: A Study Among the Tangkhuls in Kangpokpi District, Manipur

The household economy is the collective sociocultural of managing resources and economic activities within households or families. A household economy is a fundamental unit of analysis in anthropological studies of economic systems, as it provides insights into how people manage their livelihoods within different cultural contexts. The present study attempted to investigate the relationship between household income and the role of household heads and women in income generation in the context of the Tangkhul of Kangpokpi District, Manipur. Using a mixed methods approach, including surveys, interviews and focus group discussions, the study examines the economic practices of households engaged in shifting cultivation and how household heads and women contribute to income generation. The finding reveals the significant contribution of women to household economic activities and the interplay between gender roles and household heads in the Tangkhul community. The Tangkhul is a patriarchal society, although women enjoy substantial freedom and play an important role in family and community life. The study highlights the need for a more detailed understanding of economic practices and the role of gender in shaping household income in rural communities. The insight gained from this research can inform policies and interventions aimed at livelihood and reducing poverty in rural areas.

An entrepreneurial option to reduce the poverty index of the beneficiaries of the human development voucher in Guayaquil

The main purpose of this study is to find and disseminate a business option that can benefit and help reduce poverty rates in Guayaquil, in this case we have considered the recipients of the Human Development Bonus (BDH) and who access the Human Development Credit (CDH), with the aim of integrating them into the labor force in Ecuador. In this sense, the lack of knowledge about the sicana or jiron fruit in the Costa-Manabi region has limited its use; therefore, the aim is to promote the sale of this natural product in Guayaquil to improve health and generate income in vulnerable communities. The methodology employed includes descriptive, explanatory, analytical and qualitative research, as well as a market study focused on the production and sale of artisanal ice cream. The proposal consists of the production of handmade jiron ice cream for the beneficiaries of the CDH in Guayaquil.

Empowerment of Village Communities Through the Development of MSMES Based on Mosquito Spray Products

This research explores strategies for empowering village communities through the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with a focus on anti-mosquito spray products. The aim of this research is to increase the economic capacity and production skills of village communities through sustainable MSME initiatives. The methods used include technical training on making anti-mosquito spray, providing equipment and raw materials, as well as marketing support to expand market reach. It is hoped that the results of this program will increase the income and welfare of village communities, as well as provide solutions to health problems caused by mosquitoes. By empowering village communities through the development of MSMEs, it is hoped that economic independence will be created and a sustainable quality of life will be improved.

Wildlife Ecotourism in Protected Areas of the Lower Negro River, Brazilian Amazon: characterization, challenges, and potentials

In the last few decades, tourist interactions involving wildlife, one of the activities that distinguishes ecotourism, have attracted many fans in various regions of the world. This article maps, characterizes, and presents the challenges and potentials of wildlife ecotourism in protected areas of the Lower Negro River, in the Brazilian Amazon. Through data collection in the field, seven enterprises were visited and tourist interactions with twelve different species of wildlife were recorded. The activities that visitors engage in vary according to the species they are interacting with, but include watching the animals, offering food, physical contact (petting or holding the animals), and getting into the water with them. The recorded species include the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), the Woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha), and the Bald uakari (Cacajao calvus), which are on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Despite the negative impacts of these activities, they help create income for the host communities, increase the public use of protected areas, and raise awareness among visitors regarding the conservation of species and their habitats.

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hewan Laut Antipathes (Akar Bahar) di Kabupaten Alor, Ditinjau dari Undang- Undang No.05 Tahun 1990 Tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya

This study aims to find out and analyze the legal protection of marine animals in Alor Regency from Law No. 05 of 1990 concerning the Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Their Ecosystems. The type of research used in this study uses an empirical method or called field research, which is to examine the applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. The results of the discussion in this study show that, (1) the factors that cause the taking of marine animals (akar bahar) are: weak community income, weak community legal awareness factors, motive factors of perpetrators, weak supervision factors, crime scene factors (crime scenes) are difficult to detect, (2) efforts made to protect marine animals (akar bahar) are: preemptive legal protection efforts, preventive legal protection efforts, efforts to protect the law in a repressive manner.

Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Kawasan Kumuh Kecamatan Kandis Kabupaten Siak Tahun 2014 dan 2023

This research aims to identify the causes of land use change in the slum areas of Kandis Sub-district, Siak Regency, and analyze land use change from 2014 to 2023 using information maps. The method used is descriptive quantitative, with data analysis techniques based on weighting the quality of slum areas through geographic information systems (GIS) using GIS applications to identify location, distance, and settlement patterns. Sampling was done through proportional stratified random sampling. Data collection used primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of documentation studies. The results showed that: (1) The causes of land use change in Kandis Sub-district slum areas include an increase in population density every year, narrow spacing between buildings (1.5 to 3 meters), lack of clean water infrastructure, inadequate drainage, inadequate toilet conditions, and lack of waste disposal facilities. Community income is also low, below Rp. 1,000,000 per month. (2) The area of the slum area has increased significantly, from 0.27 Ha in 2014 to 9.6 Ha in 2023.

The Role of Village Fund in Local Economic Development through Revamping the Bah Biak Waterfall Ecotourism Area

The Village Fund (VF) drives local economic growth by fostering ecotourism development. This study investigates the impact of the VF program on Local Economic Development (LED) in the Bah Biak Waterfall Ecotourism area, located in Sidamanik Sub-district, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra. The VF program aims to enhance community income, create employment opportunities, and improve the productive capacity of rural communities. We use a purposive sampling method to collect data from 64 households out of 174 in the area. Critical indicators of LED, including local employment, household income, and expenditure, were analyzed using paired sample t-tests to compare conditions before and after using the VF. The results indicate a significant increase in local employment, household income, and expenditure following the utilization of the VF. This research underscores the importance of community participation in all stages of program activities, from planning to evaluation, and highlights the need for enhanced involvement in monitoring processes. The findings contribute to understanding how the VF can effectively support local economic development and provide recommendations for future ecotourism package development that integrates local resources and attractions. Future studies will focus on developing integrated ecotourism packages that combine multiple attractions and activities in the region, such as the panorama of tea plantations, Arabica coffee farming, creative economics based on beekeeping, and educational tourism related to sustainable practices.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN MALANG TAHUN 2018-2022

The income of the population of a society is important for welfare because it influences its ability to meet basic needs. In Malang Regency there are around 2,685,900 people with a GDP per capita of 43.73 million rupiah in 2022. This research applies a quantitative approach. The research results show that the Covid-19 pandemic, rising fuel prices, low levels of education, people's mindsets that care less about education, economic limitations, lack of employment opportunities, and climate conditions are the causes of the high number of poor people, low levels of education, and low levels of poverty. high open unemployment. The impact is an increase in crime, limited access to education, high levels of unemployment, poverty, and a decline in prosperous economic conditions. Apart from these factors, education has a significant influence on people's income. Community income is not significantly influenced by the number of poor people and the level of open unemployment. The Malang Regency Government has implemented various programs to overcome these challenges, including Indonesian Economic Heroes (PENA), creating opportunities for small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), the Malang Makmur equality education movement program (GERTAK Malang Makmur), the Smart Indonesia Card (KIP), labor-intensive programs, job training programs, and the Pre-Employment Card Program.

Strategi Pengembangan Desa Wisata dalam Lomba Spot Selfie Kelurahan Jatirejo Kecamatan Gunungpati

The development of tourist villages has become a global trend driven by cultural and environmental preservation, as well as its potential to increase local community income. The purpose of this research is to analyze the development strategy of Jatirejo Village, Gunungpati District, through the Spot Selfie Competition, which leverages the village's potential to attract tourists, especially the younger generation. This competition is not merely a selfie spot contest but also an effective tourism promotion tool that can spark community creativity in creating attractive selfie spots. The results of the study show a positive impact on increasing tourist numbers, local income, and the preservation of culture and the environment. Moreover, this spot selfie competition introduces innovation in the sustainable management of tourist villages. This research is expected to contribute to effective and sustainable tourist village development policies in Indonesia

The Role of Neural Networks in Transforming Supply Chain Resilience for Low - Income Communities

The Role of Neural Networks in Transforming Supply Chain Resilience for Low - Income Communities

Dampak Pertambangan Emas Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat di Desa Lalar Liang Kecamatan Taliwang Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of gold mining on community income in Lalar Liang Village, Taliwang District with a qualitative approach with a descriptive method that aims to systematically describe the facts or characteristics of a certain population or a certain field factually and carefully. Procedures for collecting observational data, interviews and literature studies. In this case, the data validity check technique used by the author is using the triangulation method. Data analysis of this interactive model includes: data collection, data reduction, data presentation and finally drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there is an increase in the income of the mining community because mining is an additional source of income for the community to overcome the family economy. However, not all gold miners earn the same. Although it is not yet large-scale, the dynamics of the people's economy are beginning to be felt and the people's economy is improving from time to time through gold mining.

NEW HOLISTIC APPROACH TO CREATIVE TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIES IN CHI RIVER BASIN, NE THAILAND

Na Ngam, situated in the Chi River Basin, boasts rich water resources and notable geological features like the Chi River, Yang River, and Chi oxbow lake. These elements significantly influence local cultures, traditions, temples, and agricultural products. The area's identity is encapsulated in its slogan highlighting its agricultural wealth, educational an d healthcare development, Buddhism conservation, and traditional festivals. Utilizing Participatory Action Research (PAR), Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), and SWOT analysis, the Na Ngam 101 project aims to enhance tourism by integrating cultural, geotourism, and gastronomic aspects. This model promotes local culture, community income, and environmental conservation, fostering sustainable regional development.

A Community Response to Tourism Focusing on the Home Stay Program in Goriganga Valley Munsyari , Pithoragarh Uttarakhand , India

In most mountainous regions of the world, people have limited possibilities for generating income. Agriculture forestry, animal husbandry Home stay back bone of local economics, The Himalayan Mountain in all its length adnbreath has been a famous destination as well as international tourist. Its snowy peaks, glaciers, passes, alpine grasslands, its wilderness, might river and many there unsurpassed natural constructs have been inspiring the adventure and explorers. The tourism industry in India has grown enormously and is becoming a major source of economic growth in India. Is paper focuses on studying the possibilities of home- stay programs and the willingness of the residents in Uttarakhand on such programs. Considering the tourism perspective of India, home-stay programs are rather unusual. Only Ladakh Autonomous Region in Jammu and Kashmir are the two examples. is research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches through household survey, an average treatment, community economic development analysis, observations, interpretative analysis, and ethnographic understanding of Johar valley, Munsyari Pithoragarh District, Uttarakhand. E results show that the tourism industry has not brought economic benefits for the households involved in the industry; however, this could be owing to the community not being involved in tourism development. In addition, most of the villagers considered that the home-stay program could create opportunities for jobs and improve the income of the local community. In the mountain tourism industry, tourist guides, dhabawals are the main successful tourism operations. In the study area, we found private entrepreneurship, but the home-stay program has not yet been developed. is research paper expects to assist making decisions to initiate an extensive home-stay program under the “Endogenous Tourism” program with some re-evaluations of not only the previously mentioned village of Uttarakhand, but also other remote locations in India, considering the colorful and cultural-rituals of rural living in India.

Tourism Development Strategy Sustainable Environmental Insight In Kampar District, Riau Province

The exploitation of various tourism potentials in Kampar Regency is still not maximized; incredibly natural attractions such as lakes and playgrounds, history and education, as well as folk crafts. In general, the problem that causes the low number of tourist visits to tourist places is tourism management that has not been optimally packaged so that tourists are less interested in visiting; this is evident from the unavailability of the typical souvenir market for Kampar Regency, the unavailability of adequate transportation facilities, and the lack of promotion. Go out. Based on these potentials and problems, researchers need to conduct further research related to tourism development strategies, focusing on studying tourism resource management and internal and external factors that influence its development. Through the results of the data collection obtained, the researcher can carry out an analysis in the form of a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis so that alternative strategies and patterns of developing tourist destinations will be arranged that prioritize ecological, cultural sustainability and increase the income of local communities. This study used saturated sampling techniques with data collection through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The role of the Government, private sector, and the community contributes to the development of tourist destinations in Kampar Regency. During its existence, POKDARWIS has made various efforts to sustainably change and improve the quality of management of tourist destinations. Most of those not involved with internal issues have made various developments and changes related to the tourism products offered to enhance the quality of service.

Diversification of Taro Commodity-Based Derivative Products To Increase Community Income in Gunajaya Village, Tasikmalaya District

The constraints of local food development are the lack of derivative products that are easily accepted, accessible to the community and the implementation is not optimal. The purpose of Community-Based empowerment with the scope of Community Partnership Empowerment (PbM-PkM) is to empower the community through partners KWT Teratai and Poktan Kertaraharja III Gunajaya Village, Manonjaya District, Tasikmalaya to increase the diversification of derivative products from Talas Pratama to increase community income. This activity was carried out from May to December 2024. Gunajaya Village is the centre of Talas Pratama producers with productivity/ha around 30-40 tonnes, but most of it is sold raw so that the added value is low. There is an effort to diversify Talas Pratama into several derivative products, but until now it is still constrained by limited knowledge and skilled personnel to process products. This activity uses methods of socialisation, counselling, product processing diversification training, evaluation, grant assistance and mentoring. This activity has had an impact on the socio-economic conditions of the participants in the form of psychological assets, informational assets, organizational assets, material assets, financial assets, and human assets. Partners have produced various taro derivative products including taro flour which is processed into Cilok, Crackers, Bolu, Perkedel